WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.560 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.560 --> 00:00:06.360 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.360 --> 00:00:09.599 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.599 --> 00:00:12.400 presents: 00:00:12.400 --> 00:00:16.399 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.399 --> 00:00:21.179 Chapter: The Virtue of One Who Learns and Teaches. 00:00:21.179 --> 00:00:23.910 On the authority of Abu Musa, 00:00:23.910 --> 00:00:27.910 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:00:28.030 --> 00:00:32.560 "The example of the guidance and knowledge with which Allah has sent me 00:00:32.560 --> 00:00:36.560 is like abundant rain falling upon the earth. 00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:40.560 Part of it was fertile soil that absorbed the water 00:00:40.560 --> 00:00:44.560 and produced abundant vegetation and grass. 00:00:44.560 --> 00:00:48.630 Another part was hard ground that retained the water, 00:00:48.630 --> 00:00:51.630 so Allah benefited the people with it; 00:00:51.630 --> 00:00:54.630 they drank, gave their animals to drink, and cultivated crops. 00:00:55.310 --> 00:00:58.310 And another portion of the rain fell upon a different land, 00:00:58.310 --> 00:01:01.310 which was merely smooth, barren plains; 00:01:01.310 --> 00:01:05.310 it neither retained water nor grew vegetation. 00:01:05.310 --> 00:01:09.500 That is the example of one who gains understanding in the religion of Allah, 00:01:09.500 --> 00:01:12.500 benefiting from what Allah has sent me with, 00:01:12.500 --> 00:01:14.500 so he learns and teaches; 00:01:14.500 --> 00:01:18.500 and the example of one who does not pay any heed to it 00:01:18.500 --> 00:01:22.500 and does not accept the guidance of Allah with which I have been sent." 00:01:23.730 --> 00:01:27.340 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:27.340 --> 00:01:30.340 "Al-Ghayth" means rain. 00:01:30.340 --> 00:01:33.530 "Naqiyyah" (fertile) means pure and wholesome. 00:01:33.530 --> 00:01:37.530 "Al-Kala'" applies to both fresh and dry vegetation. 00:01:37.530 --> 00:01:39.530 "Ajadib": 00:01:39.530 --> 00:01:43.530 "Ajadib" are the hard grounds that retain water. 00:01:43.530 --> 00:01:47.659 "Saqaw" means they drew water to drink. 00:01:47.659 --> 00:01:51.760 "Another portion" refers to another tract of land. 00:01:52.379 --> 00:01:53.409 "Qi'an": 00:01:53.409 --> 00:01:56.409 These are the flat, smooth plains 00:01:56.409 --> 00:01:59.569 that have no vegetation. 00:01:59.569 --> 00:02:01.569 "That is the example...": 00:02:01.569 --> 00:02:06.569 Meaning, this parable encompasses the varying ranks of jurists and seekers of understanding, 00:02:06.569 --> 00:02:09.569 of which two categories are praised. 00:02:11.460 --> 00:02:15.300 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:02:15.300 --> 00:02:18.300 First: The virtue of one who gains deep personal understanding, 00:02:18.300 --> 00:02:21.300 whose heart is pure from doubts, 00:02:21.919 --> 00:02:24.919 so he comprehends what he carries and teaches it to the people. 00:02:26.080 --> 00:02:27.080 Second: 00:02:27.080 --> 00:02:30.080 One who preserves knowledge and conveys it to the people 00:02:30.080 --> 00:02:32.080 is in a commendable state, 00:02:32.080 --> 00:02:35.560 even if he is not among the scholars of deep fiqh. 00:02:35.560 --> 00:02:37.560 Third: 00:02:37.560 --> 00:02:41.560 The censure of one who hears knowledge but neither memorizes nor comprehends it, 00:02:41.560 --> 00:02:44.560 thus neither benefiting himself nor benefiting others. 00:02:44.560 --> 00:02:49.669 Chapter: The Removal of Knowledge and the Emergence of Ignorance. 00:02:51.439 --> 00:02:54.439 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:02:55.060 --> 00:03:01.060 "I shall indeed narrate to you a hadith that I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:03:02.060 --> 00:03:05.060 which no one else will narrate to you after me. 00:03:06.150 --> 00:03:10.150 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saying: 00:03:11.150 --> 00:03:13.150 'Among the signs of the Hour are: 00:03:13.150 --> 00:03:15.150 that knowledge will be taken away, 00:03:15.150 --> 00:03:17.150 ignorance will become widespread, 00:03:17.150 --> 00:03:19.150 fornication and adultery will become rampant, 00:03:19.150 --> 00:03:21.150 the drinking of wine will be widespread, 00:03:21.150 --> 00:03:23.150 men will decrease in number, 00:03:23.770 --> 00:03:25.770 and women will increase in number, 00:03:25.770 --> 00:03:30.770 until for fifty women there will be only one guardian.'" 00:03:30.770 --> 00:03:35.120 Commentary on the hadith: 00:03:35.120 --> 00:03:38.120 "Chapter: The Removal of Knowledge and the Emergence of Ignorance": 00:03:38.120 --> 00:03:41.530 Meaning, among the signs of the Hour, 00:03:43.530 --> 00:03:46.530 which are the portents of the Day of Resurrection. 00:03:46.530 --> 00:03:48.689 "Knowledge will be taken away": 00:03:48.689 --> 00:03:52.689 Meaning, knowledge will be seized and dwindle through the death of scholars. 00:03:52.689 --> 00:03:54.819 "Ignorance will become widespread": 00:03:54.939 --> 00:03:56.939 Meaning, it will proliferate and prevail. 00:03:56.939 --> 00:03:59.000 "Men will decrease in number": 00:03:59.000 --> 00:04:03.039 The scarcity of men will be due to frequent wars and killing. 00:04:03.039 --> 00:04:05.039 "Al-Qayyim" (the guardian): 00:04:05.039 --> 00:04:08.039 Namely, the one who manages the affairs and welfare of others. 00:04:08.039 --> 00:04:12.439 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:04:12.439 --> 00:04:14.439 First: 00:04:14.439 --> 00:04:16.439 The five mentioned matters 00:04:16.439 --> 00:04:19.439 signal the disruption of the five universal necessities: 00:04:19.439 --> 00:04:21.439 religion, intellect, 00:04:21.439 --> 00:04:23.439 lineage, life, and wealth. 00:04:23.439 --> 00:04:27.720 Chapter: The Virtue of Knowledge. 00:04:27.839 --> 00:04:30.480 On the authority of Ibn Umar, who said: 00:04:30.480 --> 00:04:34.480 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:04:34.480 --> 00:04:36.509 saying: 00:04:36.509 --> 00:04:38.509 "While I was asleep, 00:04:38.509 --> 00:04:40.509 a cup of milk was brought to me, 00:04:40.509 --> 00:04:42.509 and I drank from it 00:04:42.509 --> 00:04:46.509 until I could see freshness flowing out of my fingernails. 00:04:46.509 --> 00:04:50.509 Then I gave my leftover to Umar Ibn al-Khattab." 00:04:50.509 --> 00:04:52.730 They asked: 00:04:52.730 --> 00:04:55.730 "How did you interpret it, O Messenger of Allah?" 00:04:55.730 --> 00:04:56.730 He replied: 00:04:56.850 --> 00:04:59.360 "Knowledge." 00:04:59.360 --> 00:05:01.939 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:01.939 --> 00:05:03.939 "Bi-qadah" (a cup): 00:05:03.939 --> 00:05:05.939 Referring to the well-known vessel, 00:05:05.939 --> 00:05:08.939 holding an amount sufficient to quench the thirst of two or three men. 00:05:08.939 --> 00:05:11.199 "I gave my leftover": 00:05:11.199 --> 00:05:14.199 Meaning, what remained of the milk in the cup. 00:05:14.199 --> 00:05:16.319 "How did you interpret it?": 00:05:16.319 --> 00:05:18.319 "Al-Ta'wil" 00:05:18.319 --> 00:05:20.959 signifies the interpretation of dreams. 00:05:20.959 --> 00:05:23.670 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:05:23.670 --> 00:05:25.670 It is deduced from the hadith: 00:05:25.670 --> 00:05:27.670 Interpreting milk as knowledge, 00:05:27.790 --> 00:05:30.790 due to both sharing an abundance of benefit; 00:05:30.790 --> 00:05:33.790 illustrating the virtue of seeking knowledge; 00:05:33.790 --> 00:05:36.790 and highlighting the virtue of Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:05:36.790 --> 00:05:40.449 Chapter: Issuing Legal Verdicts (Fatwas) 00:05:40.449 --> 00:05:43.449 While Standing upon a Riding Animal or the Like. 00:05:43.449 --> 00:05:47.060 On the authority of Abdullah Ibn Amr Ibn al-As: 00:05:47.060 --> 00:05:51.060 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:05:51.060 --> 00:05:54.060 stopped at Mina during the Farewell Pilgrimage 00:05:54.060 --> 00:05:56.060 for the people to ask him questions. 00:05:56.060 --> 00:05:59.060 A man came to him and said: 00:05:59.180 --> 00:06:03.209 "Without realizing, I shaved my head before offering the sacrifice." 00:06:03.209 --> 00:06:06.209 He replied: "Sacrifice now, and there is no blame." 00:06:06.209 --> 00:06:09.279 Another came and said: 00:06:09.279 --> 00:06:13.279 "Without realizing, I offered the sacrifice before stoning the pillar." 00:06:13.279 --> 00:06:16.279 He said: "Stone now, and there is no blame." 00:06:16.279 --> 00:06:20.399 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was not asked 00:06:20.399 --> 00:06:22.399 about anything performed before or after its usual sequence 00:06:22.399 --> 00:06:24.399 except that he said: 00:06:24.399 --> 00:06:26.399 "Do it, and there is no blame." 00:06:26.399 --> 00:06:29.079 Commentary on the hadith: 00:06:30.079 --> 00:06:32.560 "Al-Futya": 00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:34.720 It is the legal ruling or answer given regarding an incident. 00:06:34.720 --> 00:06:37.720 "Without realizing" means I did not pay attention. 00:06:37.720 --> 00:06:40.750 "I shaved my head", meaning on the Day of Sacrifice. 00:06:40.750 --> 00:06:42.750 "And there is no blame": 00:06:42.750 --> 00:06:44.750 "Al-Haraj" here denotes sin, 00:06:44.750 --> 00:06:47.750 meaning there is no sin upon you for what you did. 00:06:47.750 --> 00:06:51.810 "Before stoning", meaning Jamrat al-Aqabah. 00:06:51.810 --> 00:06:53.910 "Performed before or after its usual sequence": 00:06:53.910 --> 00:06:56.910 That is, among the rites performed on the Day of Sacrifice. 00:06:56.910 --> 00:06:58.939 Except that he said: 00:06:59.060 --> 00:07:01.060 "Do it, and there is no blame," 00:07:01.060 --> 00:07:04.060 because the pilgrim did not omit the essential rites themselves, 00:07:04.060 --> 00:07:09.269 but merely altered their sequence. 00:07:09.269 --> 00:07:14.750 Chapter: One Who Answers a Question for a Fatwa by Gesturing with the Hand and Head. 00:07:14.750 --> 00:07:18.750 On the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:07:18.750 --> 00:07:22.750 A man said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:07:22.750 --> 00:07:25.750 "I performed Tawaf al-Ziyarah before stoning." 00:07:25.750 --> 00:07:27.810 He replied: "There is no blame." 00:07:27.930 --> 00:07:31.959 Another said: "I shaved my head before offering the sacrifice." 00:07:31.959 --> 00:07:34.959 In one narration, he gestured with his hand 00:07:34.959 --> 00:07:38.120 and said: "There is no blame." 00:07:38.120 --> 00:07:41.120 Another said: "I offered the sacrifice before stoning." 00:07:41.120 --> 00:07:44.120 He said: "There is no blame." 00:07:44.120 --> 00:07:48.279 In another narration: "I stoned the pillar after evening had set in." 00:07:48.279 --> 00:07:51.279 He replied: "There is no blame." 00:07:51.279 --> 00:07:54.959 Commentary on the hadith: 00:07:55.079 --> 00:07:58.649 "Zurti" means I performed Tawaf al-Ziyarah, 00:07:58.649 --> 00:08:01.649 which is Tawaf al-Ifadah. 00:08:01.649 --> 00:08:03.839 "He gestured with his hand": 00:08:03.839 --> 00:08:06.839 Meaning, he signaled with his hand in an understandable manner. 00:08:06.839 --> 00:08:10.129 "I offered the sacrifice before stoning": 00:08:10.129 --> 00:08:12.129 That is, slaughtering on the Day of Sacrifice 00:08:12.129 --> 00:08:15.709 prior to stoning Jamrat al-Aqabah. 00:08:15.709 --> 00:08:19.540 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:08:19.540 --> 00:08:22.540 It is derived from the preceding two hadiths: 00:08:22.540 --> 00:08:24.540 The permissibility of asking a scholar, 00:08:24.660 --> 00:08:27.660 even if he is occupied with another matter; 00:08:27.660 --> 00:08:30.660 referring unprecedented issues back to the scholars; 00:08:30.660 --> 00:08:33.659 and that the prescribed duties on the Day of Sacrifice 00:08:33.659 --> 00:08:34.659 are four: 00:08:34.659 --> 00:08:36.659 stoning Jamrat al-Aqabah, 00:08:36.659 --> 00:08:37.659 then offering the sacrifice, 00:08:37.659 --> 00:08:39.659 then shaving or trimming the hair, 00:08:39.659 --> 00:08:41.659 then performing Tawaf al-Ifadah; 00:08:41.659 --> 00:08:43.659 but if one alters this sequence, 00:08:43.659 --> 00:08:48.710 it remains valid and nothing is incumbent upon him. 00:08:48.710 --> 00:08:50.710 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:08:50.710 --> 00:08:53.710 that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:08:53.710 --> 00:08:54.710 said: 00:08:54.830 --> 00:08:59.830 "The Hour will not be established until two great groups fight one another, 00:08:59.830 --> 00:09:03.830 resulting in a massive slaughter between them, 00:09:03.830 --> 00:09:05.830 while their religious claim is one and the same; 00:09:05.830 --> 00:09:09.889 and until impostors and liars are sent forth, 00:09:09.889 --> 00:09:11.889 nearly thirty in number, 00:09:11.889 --> 00:09:15.919 each of them claiming to be a messenger of Allah; 00:09:15.919 --> 00:09:17.919 and until knowledge is taken away; 00:09:17.919 --> 00:09:19.919 — in a narration: 00:09:19.919 --> 00:09:21.919 and ignorance becomes widespread — 00:09:21.919 --> 00:09:23.919 and earthquakes increase; 00:09:24.039 --> 00:09:26.039 time passes rapidly; 00:09:26.039 --> 00:09:28.110 — in a narration: 00:09:28.110 --> 00:09:30.110 good deeds decrease; 00:09:30.110 --> 00:09:32.110 greed is cast into people's hearts; 00:09:32.110 --> 00:09:34.110 tribulations appear; 00:09:34.110 --> 00:09:36.110 and Haraj increases, 00:09:36.110 --> 00:09:38.110 which is killing; 00:09:38.110 --> 00:09:40.110 and until wealth abounds among you 00:09:40.110 --> 00:09:42.110 and overflows, 00:09:42.110 --> 00:09:46.110 to the extent that the wealthy person will worry about who will accept his charity; 00:09:46.110 --> 00:09:48.110 and he will offer it, 00:09:48.110 --> 00:09:51.110 but the one to whom it is offered will say: 00:09:51.110 --> 00:09:53.110 'I have no need for it'; 00:09:53.230 --> 00:09:57.230 and until people compete in constructing lofty buildings; 00:09:57.230 --> 00:10:00.230 and until a man passes by another man's grave 00:10:00.230 --> 00:10:02.230 and says, 00:10:02.230 --> 00:10:04.320 "Would that I were in his place!" 00:10:04.320 --> 00:10:06.320 and until the sun rises 00:10:06.320 --> 00:10:08.320 from the west. 00:10:08.320 --> 00:10:10.320 When it rises and the people see it, 00:10:10.320 --> 00:10:13.320 they will all believe; 00:10:13.320 --> 00:10:16.320 but that is when no soul will benefit [from its faith]. 00:10:16.320 --> 00:10:20.320 “Wait they, indeed, for nothing less than that the angels should come unto them, or thy Lord should come, or there should come one of the portents from thy Lord? In the day when one of the portents from thy Lord cometh, its belief availeth naught a soul which theretofore believed not, nor in its belief earned good (by works). Say: Wait ye! Lo! We (too) are waiting.” (6:158) 00:10:20.440 --> 00:10:24.480 “Wait they, indeed, for nothing less than that the angels should come unto them, or thy Lord should come, or there should come one of the portents from thy Lord? In the day when one of the portents from thy Lord cometh, its belief availeth naught a soul which theretofore believed not, nor in its belief earned good (by works). Say: Wait ye! Lo! We (too) are waiting.” (6:158) 00:10:24.480 --> 00:10:26.480 The Hour will surely come 00:10:26.480 --> 00:10:30.480 while two men have spread out a garment between them, 00:10:30.480 --> 00:10:34.509 yet they will neither conclude the sale nor fold it up. 00:10:34.509 --> 00:10:36.509 The Hour will surely come 00:10:36.509 --> 00:10:38.509 when a man has turned away 00:10:38.509 --> 00:10:40.509 with the milk of his milch camel, 00:10:40.509 --> 00:10:42.600 yet he will not drink it. 00:10:42.600 --> 00:10:44.600 The Hour will surely come 00:10:44.600 --> 00:10:46.600 while a man is plastering his water basin, 00:10:46.600 --> 00:10:48.759 yet he will not water [his livestock] from it. 00:10:48.879 --> 00:10:50.879 And the Hour will surely come 00:10:50.879 --> 00:10:53.879 while a man has raised a morsel to his mouth, 00:10:53.879 --> 00:10:55.879 yet he will not taste it. 00:10:55.879 --> 00:10:59.720 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:59.720 --> 00:11:02.230 "Two parties": 00:11:02.230 --> 00:11:04.259 meaning two groups 00:11:04.259 --> 00:11:06.259 between whom there will be a tremendous slaughter; 00:11:06.259 --> 00:11:10.259 that is, they will fight one another in a great battle. 00:11:10.259 --> 00:11:12.259 "Their claim is one": 00:11:12.259 --> 00:11:14.259 meaning both profess Islam, 00:11:14.259 --> 00:11:17.259 and each of them interprets 00:11:17.259 --> 00:11:19.389 that they are on the side of truth. 00:11:19.509 --> 00:11:20.509 "Impostors (Dajjals)": 00:11:20.509 --> 00:11:22.509 meaning great liars 00:11:22.509 --> 00:11:25.639 who mix truth with falsehood. 00:11:25.639 --> 00:11:27.639 "Knowledge will be taken away": 00:11:27.639 --> 00:11:28.639 what is meant is 00:11:28.639 --> 00:11:31.759 that knowledge will be lifted through the death of the scholars. 00:11:31.759 --> 00:11:33.759 "Time will pass quickly": 00:11:33.759 --> 00:11:35.759 meaning the approach of the Day of Resurrection, 00:11:35.759 --> 00:11:37.759 and other interpretations have also been given. 00:11:37.759 --> 00:11:39.759 "Turmoils will appear": 00:11:39.759 --> 00:11:42.759 meaning tribulations will multiply and spread widely. 00:11:42.759 --> 00:11:45.759 "Wealth will become abundant among you and overflow": 00:11:45.879 --> 00:11:49.879 meaning it will increase so much that it flows like a valley. 00:11:49.879 --> 00:11:50.879 "Worries": 00:11:50.879 --> 00:11:53.980 meaning it grieves him and causes him concern. 00:11:53.980 --> 00:11:55.980 "I have no need of it": 00:11:55.980 --> 00:11:57.980 meaning I do not require it. 00:11:57.980 --> 00:12:01.169 "Until people compete in constructing tall buildings": 00:12:01.169 --> 00:12:03.169 what is meant is 00:12:03.169 --> 00:12:05.169 that those who were once in need and destitution 00:12:05.169 --> 00:12:07.169 will have worldly riches expanded for them, 00:12:07.169 --> 00:12:10.169 until they boastfully compete in high-rise construction. 00:12:10.169 --> 00:12:13.299 "Two men spread out a garment between them, 00:12:13.299 --> 00:12:15.299 yet they will neither conclude the sale 00:12:15.419 --> 00:12:17.419 nor fold it up": 00:12:17.419 --> 00:12:20.419 this is a report from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:12:20.419 --> 00:12:22.419 regarding how suddenly the Hour will overtake people, 00:12:22.419 --> 00:12:25.419 such that no one will even complete what he has started, 00:12:25.419 --> 00:12:26.419 including unfolding a garment 00:12:26.419 --> 00:12:28.549 without being able to fold it back. 00:12:28.549 --> 00:12:29.549 "His milch camel (*laqḥah*)": 00:12:29.549 --> 00:12:30.549 *al-laqḥah* 00:12:30.549 --> 00:12:34.549 is a female camel that has recently given birth, 00:12:34.549 --> 00:12:35.549 and what is meant here 00:12:35.549 --> 00:12:37.549 is a productive milch camel. 00:12:37.549 --> 00:12:39.549 "Plastering his basin": 00:12:39.549 --> 00:12:42.679 meaning coating it with clay and repairing it. 00:12:42.679 --> 00:12:43.679 "His morsel (*uklah*)": 00:12:43.799 --> 00:12:46.690 meaning his bite of food. 00:12:46.690 --> 00:12:48.690 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 00:12:48.690 --> 00:12:52.840 This hadith is among the signs of Prophethood. 00:12:52.840 --> 00:12:55.840 Everything mentioned in it concerning the portents of the Hour 00:12:55.840 --> 00:12:56.840 is absolute truth 00:12:56.840 --> 00:12:58.840 and will certainly come to pass. 00:12:58.840 --> 00:13:00.840 It is also derived from the hadith 00:13:00.840 --> 00:13:03.840 that the Hour will overtake people all of a sudden; 00:13:03.840 --> 00:13:06.840 it will come upon them while they are engaged in their daily affairs, 00:13:06.840 --> 00:13:09.840 giving them no respite to complete them. 00:13:09.840 --> 00:13:12.840 Furthermore, when a person becomes certain of the arrival of the Resurrection 00:13:12.840 --> 00:13:14.840 through the rising of the sun from the west 00:13:14.840 --> 00:13:15.840 and then professes belief, 00:13:15.840 --> 00:13:18.840 his faith will not be a belief in the unseen, 00:13:18.840 --> 00:13:20.879 and therefore it will not be accepted from him. 00:13:20.879 --> 00:13:23.879 The hadith also points to three stages 00:13:23.879 --> 00:13:25.879 regarding wealth: 00:13:25.879 --> 00:13:27.879 The first 00:13:27.879 --> 00:13:29.879 is mere abundance of wealth, 00:13:29.879 --> 00:13:32.879 and that occurred during the era of the Companions. 00:13:32.879 --> 00:13:33.879 The second 00:13:33.879 --> 00:13:35.879 is the indication of its great abundance 00:13:35.879 --> 00:13:37.879 along with everyone becoming self-sufficient 00:13:37.879 --> 00:13:39.879 without needing to take anyone else's money, 00:13:39.879 --> 00:13:43.879 and that was toward the end of the era of the Companions. 00:13:43.879 --> 00:13:45.879 And the third stage 00:13:45.879 --> 00:13:49.879 points to its overflowing and the realization of total sufficiency, 00:13:49.879 --> 00:13:53.879 such that a wealthy person will find no one to accept his charity, 00:13:53.879 --> 00:13:57.879 and this will take place in the time of 'Isa (peace be upon him). 00:13:57.879 --> 00:14:04.379 On the authority of Asma' bint Abi Bakr as-Siddiq, who said: 00:14:04.379 --> 00:14:07.379 I entered upon 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) 00:14:07.379 --> 00:14:09.379 while the people were praying. 00:14:09.379 --> 00:14:10.379 I said, 00:14:10.379 --> 00:14:12.379 "What is the matter with the people?" 00:14:13.379 --> 00:14:16.480 So she gestured with her head toward the sky. 00:14:16.480 --> 00:14:17.480 In another narration: 00:14:17.480 --> 00:14:20.480 She was standing in prayer, 00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:21.480 so I said, 00:14:21.480 --> 00:14:23.480 "What is wrong with the people?" 00:14:23.480 --> 00:14:26.480 She gestured with her hand toward the sky 00:14:26.480 --> 00:14:27.480 and said, 00:14:27.480 --> 00:14:29.509 "Glory be to Allah (*SubhanAllah*)!" 00:14:29.509 --> 00:14:30.509 I said, 00:14:30.509 --> 00:14:31.509 "Is it a sign?" 00:14:31.509 --> 00:14:33.509 She nodded her head, 00:14:33.509 --> 00:14:35.509 meaning: Yes. 00:14:35.509 --> 00:14:36.509 She said: 00:14:36.509 --> 00:14:41.509 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) prolonged the prayer exceedingly, 00:14:41.509 --> 00:14:43.509 until dizziness overcame me. 00:14:43.509 --> 00:14:47.509 Beside me was a waterskin containing water, 00:14:47.509 --> 00:14:49.509 so I opened it 00:14:49.509 --> 00:14:52.509 and began pouring water over my head. 00:14:52.509 --> 00:14:56.570 The Messenger of Allah finished the prayer 00:14:56.570 --> 00:14:58.570 just as the sun reappeared. 00:14:58.570 --> 00:15:00.570 He then delivered a sermon to the people, 00:15:00.570 --> 00:15:03.570 praised Allah as He deserves to be praised, 00:15:03.570 --> 00:15:05.570 and said, 00:15:05.570 --> 00:15:07.669 "To proceed:" 00:15:07.669 --> 00:15:08.669 She said: 00:15:08.669 --> 00:15:11.669 Some women from the Ansar began chattering, 00:15:11.669 --> 00:15:15.669 so I turned toward them to quiet them down, 00:15:15.669 --> 00:15:17.669 and then asked 'A'ishah, 00:15:17.669 --> 00:15:19.669 "What did he say?" 00:15:19.669 --> 00:15:20.669 She replied: 00:15:20.669 --> 00:15:21.669 He said, 00:15:21.669 --> 00:15:24.669 "There is nothing I had not yet been shown 00:15:24.669 --> 00:15:28.669 except that I have seen it in this place of mine, 00:15:28.669 --> 00:15:31.700 even Paradise and the Fire. 00:15:31.700 --> 00:15:33.700 And it has been revealed to me 00:15:33.700 --> 00:15:36.700 that you will be tested in your graves 00:15:36.700 --> 00:15:41.860 with a trial similar to, or nearly like, the trial of the False Messiah (al-Masih ad-Dajjal). 00:15:41.860 --> 00:15:44.860 One of you will be brought and asked, 00:15:44.860 --> 00:15:47.860 'What do you know about this man?' 00:15:47.860 --> 00:15:48.860 As for the believer 00:15:48.860 --> 00:15:50.860 — or he said: 00:15:50.860 --> 00:15:51.860 the person of firm conviction — 00:15:51.860 --> 00:15:53.860 he will say, 00:15:53.860 --> 00:15:55.860 'He is the Messenger of Allah; 00:15:55.860 --> 00:15:58.860 he is Muhammad (peace be upon him). 00:15:58.860 --> 00:16:01.860 He brought us clear proofs and guidance, 00:16:01.860 --> 00:16:04.860 so we believed, responded, 00:16:04.860 --> 00:16:07.860 followed, and affirmed the truth.' 00:16:07.860 --> 00:16:08.860 It will then be said to him, 00:16:08.860 --> 00:16:10.860 'Sleep soundly and righteously; 00:16:10.860 --> 00:16:14.889 we already knew that you were a believer in him.' 00:16:14.889 --> 00:16:17.210 But as for the hypocrite 00:16:17.210 --> 00:16:18.210 — or he said: 00:16:18.210 --> 00:16:20.210 the doubter — 00:16:20.210 --> 00:16:22.210 it will be said to him, 00:16:22.210 --> 00:16:24.210 'What do you know about this man?' 00:16:24.210 --> 00:16:26.210 And he will say, 00:16:26.210 --> 00:16:27.210 'I do not know; 00:16:27.210 --> 00:16:32.759 I heard the people saying something, so I said it too.'" 00:16:32.759 --> 00:16:34.759 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:34.759 --> 00:16:37.200 "What is the matter with the people?": 00:16:37.200 --> 00:16:40.200 meaning why are they standing in such fearful alarm? 00:16:40.200 --> 00:16:41.299 "A sign?": 00:16:41.299 --> 00:16:43.299 meaning a portent, 00:16:43.299 --> 00:16:45.299 which was the solar eclipse. 00:16:45.299 --> 00:16:48.299 "Until dizziness overcame me": 00:16:48.299 --> 00:16:51.299 meaning a state of fainting began to come over me 00:16:51.299 --> 00:16:54.299 due to the long standing and the intense heat. 00:16:54.299 --> 00:16:56.559 "The sun reappeared": 00:16:56.559 --> 00:16:58.559 meaning the eclipse cleared. 00:16:58.559 --> 00:17:00.559 "Chattering (*laghat*)": 00:17:00.559 --> 00:17:01.559 *al-laghat* 00:17:01.559 --> 00:17:04.559 refers to confused, indistinct voices that cannot be understood. 00:17:04.559 --> 00:17:06.650 "I turned toward them": 00:17:06.650 --> 00:17:09.650 meaning I turned my face and directed my attention to them. 00:17:09.650 --> 00:17:11.750 "You will be tested": 00:17:11.750 --> 00:17:13.750 meaning you will be put to trial and examined. 00:17:13.750 --> 00:17:16.839 "The trial of the False Messiah": 00:17:16.839 --> 00:17:19.839 the Dajjal is the messiah of misguidance. 00:17:19.839 --> 00:17:22.039 "One of you will be brought": 00:17:22.039 --> 00:17:24.039 meaning in the grave. 00:17:24.039 --> 00:17:25.039 "And it will be said to him: 00:17:25.039 --> 00:17:27.039 'What do you know about this man?'": 00:17:27.039 --> 00:17:30.039 The two angels will say this phrasing 00:17:30.039 --> 00:17:32.039 rather than saying "the Messenger of Allah" 00:17:32.039 --> 00:17:34.039 [or mentioning his title], 00:17:34.039 --> 00:17:36.039 as an examination and to present an unfamiliar test, 00:17:36.039 --> 00:17:39.160 so that the person is not prompted with the answer by them. 00:17:39.160 --> 00:17:41.160 "He brought us clear proofs": 00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:45.160 meaning the miracles establishing his prophethood. 00:17:45.160 --> 00:17:46.160 "And guidance": 00:17:46.160 --> 00:17:49.160 meaning the direction leading to the desired objective 00:17:49.160 --> 00:17:53.359 and guidance to the clear path of truth. 00:17:53.359 --> 00:17:54.359 "And we responded": 00:17:54.359 --> 00:17:57.359 meaning we recognized and complied; 00:17:57.359 --> 00:17:59.359 thus, responding pertains to knowledge, 00:17:59.359 --> 00:18:01.359 and following him in practical action. 00:18:01.359 --> 00:18:03.359 "Sleep soundly and righteously," 00:18:03.359 --> 00:18:05.359 meaning: you have nothing to fear 00:18:05.359 --> 00:18:07.359 regarding the terrors threatening the disbelievers, 00:18:07.359 --> 00:18:09.359 such as being exposed to the Fire 00:18:09.359 --> 00:18:12.450 or other torments of the grave. 00:18:12.450 --> 00:18:13.450 "The doubter," 00:18:13.450 --> 00:18:16.440 that is, the one who was skeptical. 00:18:16.440 --> 00:18:20.440 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:18:20.440 --> 00:18:22.440 From this hadith it is deduced 00:18:22.440 --> 00:18:24.440 that speaking during prayer is prohibited, 00:18:24.440 --> 00:18:28.440 whereas gesturing and slight movement during it are permissible; 00:18:28.440 --> 00:18:30.440 that light faintness or momentary dizziness 00:18:30.440 --> 00:18:32.440 does not invalidate ritual purity; 00:18:32.440 --> 00:18:34.440 and that a worshiper's reflection 00:18:34.440 --> 00:18:36.440 and looking ahead toward his qiblah 00:18:36.440 --> 00:18:38.440 while in prayer is permissible. 00:18:38.440 --> 00:18:41.440 The hadith also contains evidence for prolonging the standing 00:18:41.440 --> 00:18:43.440 in the solar eclipse prayer, 00:18:43.440 --> 00:18:45.440 and that Paradise and the Fire 00:18:45.440 --> 00:18:47.440 are already created at present, 00:18:47.440 --> 00:18:49.440 which is the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah. 00:18:49.440 --> 00:18:51.470 The hadith further provides evidence 00:18:51.470 --> 00:18:53.470 affirming the torment of the grave, 00:18:53.470 --> 00:18:57.500 as well as the questioning by the two angels in the grave. 00:18:57.500 --> 00:18:59.500 It is also deduced from the hadith 00:18:59.500 --> 00:19:04.500 that whoever harbors doubt regarding believing the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:19:04.500 --> 00:19:07.500 or doubts the authenticity of his message, 00:19:07.500 --> 00:19:09.500 his faith is not valid. 00:19:09.500 --> 00:19:12.500 The hadith also contains a censure of blind imitation (taqlid), 00:19:12.500 --> 00:19:17.500 indicating that the blind follower does not truly deserve the designation of complete knowledge. 00:19:17.500 --> 00:19:24.680 Chapter: Traveling to Resolve a Newly Arisen Issue and Teaching One's Family. 00:19:24.680 --> 00:19:28.059 On the authority of 'Uqbah ibn al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:19:28.059 --> 00:19:32.059 He married a daughter of Abu Ihab ibn 'Aziz, 00:19:32.059 --> 00:19:35.059 whereupon a woman came and said, 00:19:35.059 --> 00:19:39.059 "I have breastfed both 'Uqbah and the woman he married." 00:19:39.059 --> 00:19:41.089 'Uqbah said to her, 00:19:41.089 --> 00:19:44.089 "I did not know that you breastfed me, 00:19:44.089 --> 00:19:46.089 nor did you ever inform me." 00:19:46.089 --> 00:19:50.089 So he sent a message to the family of Abu Ihab to ask them, 00:19:50.089 --> 00:19:52.089 and they replied, 00:19:52.089 --> 00:19:55.089 "We do not know that she breastfed our companion." 00:19:56.220 --> 00:20:00.220 He then rode out to the Prophet (peace be upon him) in Medina 00:20:00.220 --> 00:20:02.220 and asked him, 00:20:02.220 --> 00:20:06.220 to which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:20:06.220 --> 00:20:08.220 "How can you remain with her when it has been said?" 00:20:08.220 --> 00:20:10.220 So he separated from her, 00:20:10.220 --> 00:20:14.049 and she subsequently married another husband. 00:20:14.049 --> 00:20:17.759 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:17.759 --> 00:20:20.759 "Chapter: Traveling to Resolve a Newly Arisen Issue." 00:20:20.759 --> 00:20:24.920 "Traveling" (al-rihlah) means undertaking a journey out of necessity, 00:20:24.920 --> 00:20:28.920 and "a newly arisen issue" (al-nazilah) refers to an incident that has occurred 00:20:28.920 --> 00:20:32.980 and requires a clarification of its legal ruling in Islamic law. 00:20:32.980 --> 00:20:35.980 "He married a daughter of Abu Ihab"— 00:20:35.980 --> 00:20:38.460 her name was Ghaniyyah. 00:20:38.460 --> 00:20:42.160 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:20:42.160 --> 00:20:44.160 It is derived from the hadith 00:20:44.160 --> 00:20:47.160 that whoever accepts the testimony of a single wet nurse 00:20:47.160 --> 00:20:50.160 adheres to the literal wording of the hadith, 00:20:50.160 --> 00:20:54.160 while whoever rejects it construes the Prophet's instruction as scrupulous piety rather than strict prohibition. 00:20:54.160 --> 00:20:57.160 It is also derived from the hadith 00:20:57.160 --> 00:21:00.160 that one is guided to travel in pursuit of sacred knowledge, 00:21:00.160 --> 00:21:03.160 along with an illustration of the Companions' eagerness for knowledge, 00:21:03.160 --> 00:21:07.160 their preference for whatever brings them closer to Allah Almighty, 00:21:07.160 --> 00:21:09.160 and their desire to increase in obedience to Him, 00:21:09.160 --> 00:21:14.160 for they sought to be nurtured in knowledge solely to act upon it; 00:21:14.160 --> 00:21:17.160 thus Allah Almighty bore witness to them 00:21:17.160 --> 00:21:21.160 that they are the best nation produced for mankind. 00:21:21.160 --> 00:21:23.160 It is also deduced 00:21:23.160 --> 00:21:25.160 that a person is duty-bound 00:21:25.160 --> 00:21:27.160 to avoid positions of suspicion, 00:21:27.160 --> 00:21:31.160 even if his record is entirely unblemished and he is innocent of blame, 00:21:31.160 --> 00:21:34.200 and that one must exercise utmost precaution in matters of marriage 00:21:34.200 --> 00:21:37.200 and refer to the scholars regarding newly arisen issues, 00:21:37.200 --> 00:21:40.200 even if their homelands are far away.