WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.480 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.440 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.440 --> 00:00:09.640 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:11.939 presents: 00:00:11.939 --> 00:00:16.239 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.239 --> 00:00:22.489 Chapter: Repeating a Hadith Three Times to Ensure It Is Understood. 00:00:22.489 --> 00:00:24.379 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:00:24.379 --> 00:00:27.579 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:00:27.579 --> 00:00:30.879 Whenever he spoke a word, 00:00:30.879 --> 00:00:33.079 he would repeat it three times, 00:00:33.079 --> 00:00:35.640 so that it would be fully understood from him; 00:00:35.640 --> 00:00:39.640 and whenever he came upon a people and greeted them, 00:00:39.640 --> 00:00:43.409 he greeted them three times. 00:00:43.409 --> 00:00:47.270 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:00:47.270 --> 00:00:49.270 "He would repeat it three times": 00:00:49.270 --> 00:00:52.770 This repetition was either so that the meaning of the phrasing would be grasped, 00:00:52.770 --> 00:00:54.770 or so that the wording would become clear, 00:00:54.770 --> 00:00:56.770 or so that the expression could be memorized, 00:00:56.770 --> 00:00:58.770 or for emphasis. 00:00:58.770 --> 00:01:01.500 "He greeted them three times": 00:01:01.500 --> 00:01:04.500 It has been said that this applies when asking permission to enter. 00:01:05.540 --> 00:01:09.439 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:01:09.439 --> 00:01:11.439 Among the benefits derived from this hadith: 00:01:11.439 --> 00:01:13.439 It is commendable to repeat speech 00:01:13.439 --> 00:01:14.939 when there is a need to do so, 00:01:14.939 --> 00:01:17.439 such as when the speech might be difficult for the listener to grasp, 00:01:17.439 --> 00:01:19.560 whether in its wording or its meaning. 00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:21.560 It also contains an encouragement to expend every effort 00:01:21.560 --> 00:01:23.560 in teaching people 00:01:23.560 --> 00:01:29.129 and clarifying the legal rulings of the Sharia for them. 00:01:29.129 --> 00:01:33.239 Chapter: A Man Teaching His Bondwoman and His Household. 00:01:33.239 --> 00:01:35.739 On the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:35.739 --> 00:01:39.239 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:01:39.239 --> 00:01:42.269 "Three persons will receive a double reward: 00:01:42.269 --> 00:01:45.269 A man from the People of the Scripture 00:01:45.269 --> 00:01:48.269 who believed in his own prophet and then believed in Muhammad 00:01:48.269 --> 00:01:51.340 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him); 00:01:51.340 --> 00:01:53.340 an enslaved servant 00:01:53.340 --> 00:01:55.340 who fulfills the right of Allah 00:01:55.340 --> 00:01:57.400 and the right of his masters—" 00:01:57.400 --> 00:01:58.900 and in another narration: 00:01:58.900 --> 00:02:01.400 "who excels in worshipping his Lord 00:02:01.400 --> 00:02:03.400 and renders to his master 00:02:03.400 --> 00:02:05.400 the due rights he owes him, 00:02:05.400 --> 00:02:08.060 along with sincere counsel and obedience—" 00:02:08.060 --> 00:02:11.060 "and a man who had a bondwoman, 00:02:11.060 --> 00:02:14.060 whom he disciplined and gave the finest discipline, 00:02:14.060 --> 00:02:17.560 and whom he educated and gave the finest education, 00:02:17.560 --> 00:02:21.060 and then he freed her and married her; 00:02:21.060 --> 00:02:23.060 he shall receive a double reward." 00:02:23.060 --> 00:02:26.699 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:02:26.699 --> 00:02:29.439 "A man from the People of the Scripture 00:02:29.439 --> 00:02:32.439 who believed in his own prophet and then believed in Muhammad 00:02:32.439 --> 00:02:34.439 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)": 00:02:34.439 --> 00:02:35.939 That is, a person of the Scripture 00:02:35.939 --> 00:02:38.439 who followed the truth within his own law, 00:02:38.439 --> 00:02:41.439 and subsequently believed in the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:02:41.439 --> 00:02:44.139 and followed him. 00:02:44.139 --> 00:02:47.789 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:02:47.789 --> 00:02:49.789 Among the benefits derived from this hadith: 00:02:49.789 --> 00:02:51.789 Whoever excels in two righteous deeds 00:02:51.789 --> 00:02:53.789 belonging to the paths of goodness and piety 00:02:53.789 --> 00:02:56.289 shall receive his reward twice over. 00:02:56.289 --> 00:02:58.289 It also guides toward 00:02:58.289 --> 00:03:01.289 actively nurturing one's family with sound manners and education. 00:03:01.289 --> 00:03:05.560 Chapter: The Imam's Exhortation 00:03:05.560 --> 00:03:08.800 and Instruction to the Women. 00:03:08.800 --> 00:03:12.800 On the authority of Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:03:12.800 --> 00:03:17.300 I attended the Eid al-Fitr prayer with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:03:17.300 --> 00:03:21.800 as well as with Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them); 00:03:21.800 --> 00:03:24.800 they used to perform the prayer before the sermon. 00:03:24.800 --> 00:03:26.460 In another narration: 00:03:26.460 --> 00:03:30.060 "He mentioned neither an adhan nor an iqamah," 00:03:30.060 --> 00:03:32.590 and then he would deliver the sermon afterward. 00:03:32.590 --> 00:03:36.090 The Prophet (peace be upon him) stepped forward— 00:03:36.090 --> 00:03:38.090 as if I can still see him now— 00:03:38.090 --> 00:03:40.590 motioning the people to sit down with his hand; 00:03:40.590 --> 00:03:43.090 he then walked forward, making his way through them, 00:03:43.090 --> 00:03:45.090 until he reached the women, 00:03:45.090 --> 00:03:47.090 accompanied by Bilal. 00:03:47.090 --> 00:03:48.590 He then recited: 00:03:48.590 --> 00:03:50.590 "O Prophet, 00:03:50.590 --> 00:03:53.090 when the believing women come to you 00:03:53.090 --> 00:03:54.590 pledging allegiance to you..." 00:03:54.590 --> 00:03:56.180 to the end of the verse. 00:03:56.180 --> 00:03:59.180 Then, when he finished reciting it, he said: 00:03:59.180 --> 00:04:01.719 "Do you abide by that?" 00:04:01.719 --> 00:04:04.719 Only a single woman among them answered him— 00:04:04.719 --> 00:04:06.719 none other spoke up: 00:04:06.719 --> 00:04:08.219 "Yes." 00:04:08.219 --> 00:04:09.219 He said: 00:04:09.219 --> 00:04:11.219 "Then give in charity!" 00:04:11.219 --> 00:04:13.719 Thereupon, Bilal spread out his garment 00:04:13.719 --> 00:04:15.219 and said: 00:04:15.219 --> 00:04:16.220 "Come forward, 00:04:16.220 --> 00:04:19.750 may my father and mother be ransomed for you!" 00:04:19.750 --> 00:04:24.750 So they began casting large, unjeweled rings and smaller rings into Bilal's garment. 00:04:24.750 --> 00:04:26.250 In another narration: 00:04:26.250 --> 00:04:29.279 "A woman would throw her earring and ring." 00:04:29.279 --> 00:04:30.779 In another narration: 00:04:30.779 --> 00:04:34.879 "A woman would cast her hoop earring and scent necklace." 00:04:34.879 --> 00:04:36.379 In another narration: 00:04:36.379 --> 00:04:38.879 "She would cast her anklet and hoop earring." 00:04:38.879 --> 00:04:40.379 In another narration: 00:04:40.379 --> 00:04:45.959 "They began reaching toward their ears and necks." 00:04:45.959 --> 00:04:49.639 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:04:49.639 --> 00:04:51.139 "They used to perform it": 00:04:51.139 --> 00:04:54.230 That is, they prayed the Eid prayer. 00:04:54.230 --> 00:04:56.230 "Motioning them to sit down with his hand": 00:04:56.230 --> 00:04:58.730 Meaning he signaled them to remain seated, 00:04:58.730 --> 00:05:01.730 because they had intended to depart. 00:05:01.730 --> 00:05:03.759 "Making his way through them": 00:05:04.259 --> 00:05:08.259 Meaning he stepped through the rows of seated men 00:05:08.259 --> 00:05:10.759 until he reached the women. 00:05:10.759 --> 00:05:13.759 They used to go out to the Eid prayer-ground 00:05:13.759 --> 00:05:17.420 and witness the prayer and supplication there. 00:05:17.420 --> 00:05:18.920 "O Prophet...": 00:05:18.920 --> 00:05:22.920 “O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12) 00:05:22.920 --> 00:05:25.420 The Prophet (peace be upon him) recited 00:05:25.420 --> 00:05:27.920 this noble verse 00:05:27.920 --> 00:05:32.420 to remind them of the pledge of allegiance concluded between him and the women 00:05:32.420 --> 00:05:35.079 at the Conquest of Mecca. 00:05:35.079 --> 00:05:37.079 "Do you abide by that?": 00:05:37.079 --> 00:05:41.240 Meaning: "Do you uphold what has been stated in this verse?" 00:05:41.240 --> 00:05:42.740 "Come forward": 00:05:42.740 --> 00:05:46.240 An expression used to summon or invite someone to an action. 00:05:46.240 --> 00:05:47.899 "Al-Fatakh": 00:05:47.899 --> 00:05:51.600 These are rings devoid of gemstones. 00:05:51.600 --> 00:05:53.100 "Al-Qurt": 00:05:53.100 --> 00:05:57.790 That which is worn in the earlobe, whether of gold or something else. 00:05:57.790 --> 00:05:59.290 "Her khurs": 00:05:59.290 --> 00:06:00.290 The "khurs" 00:06:00.290 --> 00:06:04.790 is a small hoop earring worn in the ear. 00:06:04.790 --> 00:06:06.290 "And her sikhab": 00:06:06.290 --> 00:06:09.790 Meaning a necklace made of scented beads or musk. 00:06:09.790 --> 00:06:11.290 "Al-Qalb": 00:06:11.290 --> 00:06:12.790 Meaning an anklet, 00:06:12.790 --> 00:06:15.649 though it has also been said to mean a bracelet. 00:06:15.649 --> 00:06:19.680 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:06:19.680 --> 00:06:21.680 Among the benefits derived from this hadith: 00:06:21.680 --> 00:06:25.180 It is valid to cite the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs as proof, 00:06:25.180 --> 00:06:30.680 a woman is permitted to give charity from her own wealth without her husband's permission, 00:06:30.680 --> 00:06:36.509 and charity delivers one from the Hellfire. 00:06:36.509 --> 00:06:39.009 Chapter: Eagerness to Learn Hadith. 00:06:39.009 --> 00:06:41.959 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:06:41.959 --> 00:06:44.459 It was asked: "O Messenger of Allah, 00:06:44.459 --> 00:06:49.220 who will be the most blessed of people through your intercession on the Day of Resurrection?" 00:06:49.220 --> 00:06:53.250 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) replied: 00:06:53.250 --> 00:06:55.750 "I certainly thought, O Abu Hurayrah, 00:06:55.750 --> 00:07:00.250 that no one would ask me about this hadith before you, 00:07:00.250 --> 00:07:03.810 because of the eagerness to learn hadith that I have seen in you. 00:07:03.810 --> 00:07:07.810 The most blessed of people through my intercession on the Day of Resurrection 00:07:07.810 --> 00:07:11.310 is he who says: 'There is no god but Allah,' 00:07:11.310 --> 00:07:13.810 sincerely from his heart 00:07:13.810 --> 00:07:16.680 or from his soul." 00:07:16.680 --> 00:07:20.009 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:07:20.009 --> 00:07:24.009 "Who will be the most blessed of people through your intercession on the Day of Resurrection?": 00:07:24.009 --> 00:07:27.009 That is, who will attain the greatest share of bliss through it. 00:07:27.009 --> 00:07:28.600 "Before you": 00:07:28.600 --> 00:07:30.600 Meaning ahead of you. 00:07:30.600 --> 00:07:33.100 "There is no god but Allah": 00:07:33.100 --> 00:07:37.100 He mentioned only the first part of the two testimonies of faith 00:07:37.100 --> 00:07:40.759 because it serves as an emblem denoting the entirety of the testimony. 00:07:40.759 --> 00:07:44.259 "Sincerely from his heart or from his soul": 00:07:44.259 --> 00:07:47.660 This explicitly excludes the hypocrite. 00:07:47.660 --> 00:07:51.519 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:07:51.519 --> 00:07:53.019 In this hadith, we find: 00:07:53.019 --> 00:07:57.019 A student reaches the ability to inquire into intricate questions 00:07:57.019 --> 00:07:59.519 and subtle meanings through dedication and diligence. 00:07:59.519 --> 00:08:03.019 It also contains the teacher's encouragement of the student 00:08:03.019 --> 00:08:05.519 and inspiring him to exert himself. 00:08:05.519 --> 00:08:07.519 Furthermore, it demonstrates 00:08:07.519 --> 00:08:10.019 that asking questions is the key to knowledge, 00:08:10.019 --> 00:08:12.019 establishes the reality of the Prophetic intercession, 00:08:12.019 --> 00:08:17.569 and shows that it is granted specifically to the people of Tawhid. 00:08:17.569 --> 00:08:21.870 Chapter: How Knowledge Is Taken Away. 00:08:21.870 --> 00:08:25.370 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:08:25.370 --> 00:08:30.439 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) say: 00:08:30.439 --> 00:08:33.940 "Indeed, Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it away, 00:08:33.940 --> 00:08:36.440 stripping it from the servants; 00:08:36.440 --> 00:08:41.129 rather, He takes away knowledge by taking away the scholars. 00:08:41.129 --> 00:08:44.629 Then, when no scholar remains, 00:08:44.629 --> 00:08:48.629 the people take ignorant figures as leaders, 00:08:48.629 --> 00:08:50.129 who are questioned 00:08:50.129 --> 00:08:52.129 and deliver legal rulings without knowledge, 00:08:52.129 --> 00:08:55.200 thereby going astray and leading others astray." 00:08:55.200 --> 00:08:58.809 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:08:58.809 --> 00:09:01.309 "Does not take away knowledge by snatching it away": 00:09:01.309 --> 00:09:04.500 Meaning He does not erase it directly from people's hearts. 00:09:04.500 --> 00:09:06.500 "By taking away the scholars": 00:09:06.500 --> 00:09:09.500 This refers to the death of the scholars. 00:09:09.500 --> 00:09:11.600 "When no scholar remains": 00:09:11.600 --> 00:09:14.759 Meaning when Allah leaves behind no living scholar. 00:09:14.759 --> 00:09:16.759 "Thereby going astray and leading others astray": 00:09:16.759 --> 00:09:19.759 That is, they go astray within themselves 00:09:19.759 --> 00:09:21.759 and lead all those who follow them astray. 00:09:21.759 --> 00:09:26.490 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:09:26.490 --> 00:09:28.490 Among the benefits derived from this hadith: 00:09:28.490 --> 00:09:32.490 The departure of sacred knowledge occurs through the departure of its bearers. 00:09:32.490 --> 00:09:35.490 It contains an exhortation to preserve knowledge, 00:09:35.490 --> 00:09:38.580 for it is the true leadership. 00:09:38.580 --> 00:09:41.580 It also contains a warning against the leadership of the ignorant, 00:09:41.580 --> 00:09:44.580 a censure of those who issue fatwas without knowledge, 00:09:44.580 --> 00:09:46.580 and an indication that whoever issues rulings without knowledge 00:09:46.580 --> 00:09:49.580 and misguides others is misguided himself, 00:09:49.580 --> 00:09:55.500 whether he acts upon what he decreed or does not. 00:09:55.500 --> 00:09:56.500 Chapter: 00:09:56.500 --> 00:10:02.500 Should a separate day be designated for women to learn? 00:10:02.500 --> 00:10:04.500 On the authority of Abu Sa'id, who said: 00:10:04.500 --> 00:10:09.500 A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:10:09.500 --> 00:10:10.500 and said: 00:10:10.500 --> 00:10:12.500 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:10:12.500 --> 00:10:15.529 the men have monopolized your hadith, 00:10:15.529 --> 00:10:19.529 so appoint for us a day of your own when we may come to you, 00:10:19.529 --> 00:10:22.529 that you may teach us from what Allah has taught you." 00:10:22.529 --> 00:10:24.559 He said: 00:10:24.559 --> 00:10:27.559 "Gather on such-and-such a day, 00:10:27.559 --> 00:10:30.559 at such-and-such a place." 00:10:30.559 --> 00:10:32.559 So they gathered, 00:10:32.559 --> 00:10:36.559 and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to them 00:10:36.559 --> 00:10:40.620 and taught them from what Allah had taught him. 00:10:40.620 --> 00:10:42.620 Then he said: 00:10:42.620 --> 00:10:47.620 "There is no woman among you who sends forth three of her children before her, 00:10:47.620 --> 00:10:52.850 but that they will be a shield for her against the Fire." 00:10:52.850 --> 00:10:54.850 A woman among them said: 00:10:54.850 --> 00:10:56.850 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:10:56.850 --> 00:10:58.850 and two?" 00:10:58.850 --> 00:10:59.850 He said— 00:10:59.850 --> 00:11:01.850 and she repeated it twice— 00:11:01.850 --> 00:11:03.850 then he said: 00:11:03.850 --> 00:11:04.850 "And two, 00:11:04.850 --> 00:11:05.850 and two, 00:11:05.850 --> 00:11:07.850 and two." 00:11:07.850 --> 00:11:10.299 And on the authority of Abu Hurayrah, he said: 00:11:10.299 --> 00:11:14.299 "Three who have not reached the age of sin." 00:11:14.299 --> 00:11:18.509 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:18.509 --> 00:11:21.509 "Separately" means on their own. 00:11:21.509 --> 00:11:24.539 "The men have monopolized your hadith" 00:11:24.539 --> 00:11:26.539 means because they accompany you constantly, 00:11:26.539 --> 00:11:29.539 hearing knowledge and matters of religion, 00:11:29.539 --> 00:11:34.539 while we are vulnerable women unable to jostle with them. 00:11:34.539 --> 00:11:36.580 "So appoint for us" 00:11:36.580 --> 00:11:38.639 means designate for us. 00:11:38.639 --> 00:11:40.639 "Sends forth before her"— 00:11:40.639 --> 00:11:42.639 what is meant is 00:11:42.639 --> 00:11:46.769 that she endures with patience and seeks reward for their loss until the Day of Resurrection. 00:11:46.769 --> 00:11:49.769 "Except that they will be a shield for her against the Fire" 00:11:49.769 --> 00:11:55.799 means that patience in the face of afflictions serves as a barrier and a safeguard against entering the Fire. 00:11:55.799 --> 00:11:57.799 "A woman said"— 00:11:57.799 --> 00:12:00.799 she was Umm Sulaym (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:12:00.799 --> 00:12:02.960 and it was said to be someone else. 00:12:02.960 --> 00:12:04.960 "Have not reached the age of sin" 00:12:04.960 --> 00:12:08.960 means they died before reaching the age of moral responsibility, 00:12:08.960 --> 00:12:12.730 so no sins had been recorded against them. 00:12:12.730 --> 00:12:16.690 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:12:16.690 --> 00:12:20.690 The hadith demonstrates the virtue of patience upon the loss of children, 00:12:20.690 --> 00:12:24.690 the legitimacy of women inquiring about their religion, 00:12:24.690 --> 00:12:28.720 and the permissibility of their speaking to men out of necessity. 00:12:28.720 --> 00:12:34.720 It also demonstrates the scholar's responsiveness to the students' request to appoint a day for their learning, 00:12:34.720 --> 00:12:42.059 and the permissibility of announcing that gathering so that people may convene for it. 00:12:42.059 --> 00:12:45.059 Chapter: Whoever hears something and does not understand it, 00:12:45.059 --> 00:12:48.059 and therefore inquires about it until he grasps it. 00:12:48.059 --> 00:12:51.950 On the authority of Ibn Abi Mulaykah, 00:12:51.950 --> 00:12:55.950 that 'A'ishah, the wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:12:55.950 --> 00:12:59.950 never heard anything she did not know 00:12:59.950 --> 00:13:04.110 without inquiring about it until she understood it; 00:13:04.110 --> 00:13:08.110 and that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:13:08.110 --> 00:13:11.210 "Whoever is called to account will be punished." 00:13:11.210 --> 00:13:14.210 'A'ishah said: "I asked: 00:13:14.210 --> 00:13:17.210 'Does not Allah the Exalted say: 00:13:17.210 --> 00:13:21.240 “He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8) 00:13:21.240 --> 00:13:24.240 She said: "He replied: 00:13:24.240 --> 00:13:27.240 'That is only the presentation of deeds; 00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:32.259 Commentary on the hadith: 00:13:32.259 --> 00:13:37.059 "She inquired" means she asked and sought clarification. 00:13:37.059 --> 00:13:40.059 “He truly will receive an easy reckoning” (84:8) 00:13:40.059 --> 00:13:44.059 It is the presentation of deeds that is easy and light, 00:13:44.059 --> 00:13:47.190 but whoever is closely interrogated in the reckoning will perish. 00:13:47.190 --> 00:13:51.190 Interrogation is exhaustive scrutiny in the reckoning, 00:13:51.190 --> 00:13:54.190 such that nothing of it is left unexamined. 00:13:54.190 --> 00:13:57.860 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:13:57.860 --> 00:14:02.980 The hadith highlights the virtue of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) 00:14:02.980 --> 00:14:06.980 and her eagerness to learn and verify. 00:14:06.980 --> 00:14:10.980 It affirms the Reckoning, the presentation of deeds, and the punishment, 00:14:10.980 --> 00:14:13.980 as well as the differing ranks of people in the Reckoning. 00:14:13.980 --> 00:14:16.980 It provides guidance on seeking clarification 00:14:16.980 --> 00:14:19.980 regarding ambiguous matters of knowledge, 00:14:19.980 --> 00:14:22.980 the permissibility of scholarly debate, 00:14:22.980 --> 00:14:25.980 and comparing the Sunnah against the Book. 00:14:28.490 --> 00:14:32.490 Chapter: Let the present convey knowledge to the absent. 00:14:32.490 --> 00:14:36.159 On the authority of Abu Shurayh al-'Adawi, 00:14:36.159 --> 00:14:39.159 that he said to 'Amr ibn Sa'id, 00:14:39.159 --> 00:14:42.159 while he was dispatching military expeditions to Mecca: 00:14:42.159 --> 00:14:45.159 "Grant me leave, O commander, 00:14:45.159 --> 00:14:49.159 to relate to you a statement delivered by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:14:49.159 --> 00:14:52.159 on the day following the Conquest. 00:14:52.159 --> 00:14:55.159 My two ears heard it, my heart retained it, 00:14:55.159 --> 00:14:59.159 and my two eyes saw him when he spoke it. 00:14:59.159 --> 00:15:03.450 He praised Allah, extolled Him, and then said: 00:15:03.450 --> 00:15:06.539 'Mecca was made sacred by Allah, 00:15:06.539 --> 00:15:09.539 and was not made sacred by people. 00:15:09.539 --> 00:15:13.539 It is not lawful for anyone who believes in Allah and the Last Day 00:15:13.539 --> 00:15:16.539 to shed blood therein, 00:15:16.539 --> 00:15:19.539 nor to uproot any of its trees. 00:15:19.539 --> 00:15:24.700 If anyone seeks a concession based on the fighting of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:15:24.700 --> 00:15:27.700 therein, say to him: 00:15:27.700 --> 00:15:30.700 "Allah permitted His Messenger, 00:15:30.700 --> 00:15:33.740 but He did not permit you." 00:15:33.740 --> 00:15:36.740 It was permitted for me for only an hour of a day, 00:15:36.740 --> 00:15:39.740 and its sacredness has returned today 00:15:39.740 --> 00:15:42.740 just as its sacredness was yesterday. 00:15:42.740 --> 00:15:45.740 So let the one who is present convey it to the one who is absent.'" 00:15:45.740 --> 00:15:49.059 It was said to Abu Shurayh: 00:15:49.059 --> 00:15:52.059 "What did 'Amr say to you?" 00:15:53.059 --> 00:15:57.059 He replied: "He said: 'I know that better than you, O Abu Shurayh; 00:15:57.059 --> 00:16:00.279 the Sanctuary does not harbor a rebel, 00:16:00.279 --> 00:16:03.279 nor one fleeing from bloodshed, 00:16:03.279 --> 00:16:06.950 nor one fleeing from a crime.'" 00:16:06.950 --> 00:16:10.879 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:10.879 --> 00:16:14.879 "Expeditions" refers to the troops sent for fighting and the like. 00:16:14.879 --> 00:16:18.100 "My heart retained it" 00:16:18.100 --> 00:16:21.100 means my heart preserved it, 00:16:21.100 --> 00:16:24.100 understood it, and verified its meaning. 00:16:24.100 --> 00:16:27.360 "And my two eyes saw him" 00:16:27.360 --> 00:16:30.360 is an emphasis on the certainty of hearing it directly from him 00:16:30.360 --> 00:16:33.840 and comprehending it through close proximity and sight. 00:16:33.840 --> 00:16:36.840 "Mecca was made sacred by Allah" 00:16:36.840 --> 00:16:39.840 refers to venerating Mecca through the sanctification of Allah the Exalted, 00:16:39.840 --> 00:16:42.840 and that He, Mighty and Majestic, singled it out 00:16:42.840 --> 00:16:45.840 with special characteristics. 00:16:45.840 --> 00:16:47.840 "To shed blood therein"— 00:16:47.840 --> 00:16:50.840 what is meant is taking a life unlawfully. 00:16:50.840 --> 00:16:53.940 "Nor to uproot" means nor to cut down. 00:16:53.940 --> 00:16:57.259 "If anyone seeks a concession" 00:16:57.259 --> 00:17:00.259 means if anyone claims fighting was permitted, 00:17:00.259 --> 00:17:03.259 taking the day of the Conquest of Mecca as an argument. 00:17:03.259 --> 00:17:06.539 "Allah permitted His Messenger"— 00:17:06.539 --> 00:17:10.539 thus the Sanctuary was, in his right (peace be upon him) 00:17:10.539 --> 00:17:13.539 and during that specific hour, treated as non-sacred land. 00:17:13.539 --> 00:17:16.799 "Let the one who is present convey it to the one who is absent"— 00:17:16.799 --> 00:17:19.799 the one present is the attendee, 00:17:19.799 --> 00:17:22.799 and the intent is to show great care in transmitting knowledge 00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:25.799 and disseminating the Sunnahs and legal rulings. 00:17:25.799 --> 00:17:28.900 "Does not harbor" means it does not grant immunity; 00:17:28.900 --> 00:17:31.900 seeking refuge is seeking protection 00:17:31.900 --> 00:17:35.019 through something and clinging to it. 00:17:35.019 --> 00:17:38.019 "Nor one fleeing" means nor an absconder. 00:17:38.019 --> 00:17:41.019 "From a crime"— 00:17:41.019 --> 00:17:44.019 it denotes theft and ruin among them, 00:17:44.019 --> 00:17:47.019 specifically the theft of camels. 00:17:48.019 --> 00:17:51.019 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:17:51.019 --> 00:17:54.569 Derived from the hadith is 00:17:54.569 --> 00:17:58.559 the exhortation to convey the religion and disseminate knowledge, 00:17:58.559 --> 00:18:01.559 and the guidance to use gracious gentleness 00:18:01.559 --> 00:18:04.559 when censuring that which contradicts the objective of the addressees, 00:18:04.559 --> 00:18:07.559 as it is more conducive to their acceptance. 00:18:07.559 --> 00:18:10.559 It contains the obligation of offering sincere counsel to leaders, 00:18:10.559 --> 00:18:13.559 without being harsh toward them 00:18:13.559 --> 00:18:16.559 and without deceiving them. 00:18:16.559 --> 00:18:19.559 It indicates the prohibition of cutting the trees of the Sanctuary, 00:18:19.559 --> 00:18:22.559 and that whoever the Lawgiver directly addresses with knowledge, 00:18:22.559 --> 00:18:25.559 its transmission becomes an individual obligation upon him, 00:18:25.559 --> 00:18:28.559 whereas for those after them it is a collective obligation. 00:18:28.559 --> 00:18:31.559 It shows the recommendation of praising and extolling Allah 00:18:31.559 --> 00:18:34.589 prior to imparting knowledge 00:18:34.589 --> 00:18:37.589 and clarifying rulings. 00:18:37.589 --> 00:18:40.589 It indicates the legitimacy of delivering a sermon 00:18:40.589 --> 00:18:43.589 for important matters and general rulings. 00:18:43.589 --> 00:18:46.589 It establishes that declaring things forbidden or permissible 00:18:46.589 --> 00:18:49.589 belongs solely to Allah the Exalted, 00:18:49.589 --> 00:18:54.859 and no human being has any share in it. 00:18:54.859 --> 00:18:57.859 Chapter: The sin of the one who lies against the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:18:57.859 --> 00:19:01.819 On the authority of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): 00:19:01.819 --> 00:19:04.819 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:19:04.819 --> 00:19:07.819 "Do not tell lies against me, 00:19:07.819 --> 00:19:10.819 for whoever tells a lie against me 00:19:10.819 --> 00:19:13.819 will enter the Fire." 00:19:13.819 --> 00:19:17.339 And on the authority of al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:19:17.339 --> 00:19:20.339 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:19:20.339 --> 00:19:23.339 "Whoever lies against me, 00:19:23.339 --> 00:19:26.339 let him take his seat in the Fire." 00:19:26.339 --> 00:19:29.559 And on the authority of Anas, 00:19:29.559 --> 00:19:32.559 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:19:32.559 --> 00:19:35.559 "Whoever intentionally lies against me, 00:19:35.559 --> 00:19:38.559 let him take his seat in the Fire." 00:19:38.559 --> 00:19:41.720 And on the authority of Salamah, who said: 00:19:41.720 --> 00:19:44.720 I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:19:44.720 --> 00:19:47.720 say: 00:19:47.720 --> 00:19:50.720 "Whoever attributes to me what I did not say, 00:19:50.720 --> 00:19:53.720 let him take his seat in the Fire." 00:19:53.720 --> 00:19:57.490 Commentary on the hadith: 00:19:57.490 --> 00:20:01.160 Chapter: The sin of the one who lies against the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 00:20:01.160 --> 00:20:04.190 This ruling 00:20:04.190 --> 00:20:07.190 has been transmitted via mutawatir hadiths from the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:20:07.190 --> 00:20:10.349 "Will enter the Fire" 00:20:10.349 --> 00:20:13.349 is an invocation of entering the Fire. 00:20:13.349 --> 00:20:16.450 "Let him take his seat in the Fire" 00:20:16.450 --> 00:20:19.450 means let him prepare and settle into his abode within it. 00:20:19.450 --> 00:20:22.769 "Whoever intentionally lies against me" 00:20:22.769 --> 00:20:25.769 to clarify that untruth may occur inadvertently or deliberately; 00:20:25.769 --> 00:20:28.769 thus, whoever makes an inadvertent mistake, forgets, or errs, 00:20:28.769 --> 00:20:31.769 incurs no sin. 00:20:31.769 --> 00:20:35.309 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:20:35.309 --> 00:20:39.369 It is deduced from these hadiths 00:20:39.369 --> 00:20:42.369 that it is strictly forbidden to lie against the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:20:42.369 --> 00:20:45.369 that narrating a lie is prohibited, 00:20:45.369 --> 00:20:48.369 and that it is obligatory to verify matters when narrating hadith. 00:20:48.369 --> 00:20:51.369 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:20:51.369 --> 00:20:56.509 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:20:56.509 --> 00:20:59.509 who said: 00:20:59.509 --> 00:21:02.509 "Name yourselves after my name, 00:21:02.509 --> 00:21:05.509 but do not adopt my kunyah (agnomen). 00:21:05.509 --> 00:21:08.509 And whoever sees me in a dream has indeed seen me," 00:21:08.509 --> 00:21:11.509 and in another narration: 00:21:11.509 --> 00:21:14.670 "he will soon see me in wakefulness, 00:21:14.670 --> 00:21:17.670 for Satan cannot assume my likeness. 00:21:17.670 --> 00:21:20.700 And whoever lies against me deliberately, 00:21:20.700 --> 00:21:23.700 let him take his seat in the Fire." 00:21:23.700 --> 00:21:27.380 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:27.380 --> 00:21:30.950 "And do not adopt my kunyah": 00:21:30.950 --> 00:21:33.950 a kunyah 00:21:33.950 --> 00:21:36.950 is a name that begins with "Abu" (father of) or "Umm" (mother of). 00:21:36.950 --> 00:21:39.950 "For Satan cannot assume my likeness": 00:21:39.950 --> 00:21:42.950 that is, it is impossible for Satan 00:21:42.950 --> 00:21:45.950 to appear in the true form of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:21:45.950 --> 00:21:49.660 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:21:49.660 --> 00:21:53.710 It is deduced from this hadith 00:21:53.710 --> 00:21:56.710 that it is permissible to name a newborn child Muhammad. 00:21:56.710 --> 00:21:59.710 It also indicates that seeing the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:21:59.710 --> 00:22:02.710 in a dream 00:22:02.710 --> 00:22:05.710 is glad tidings of goodness. 00:22:05.710 --> 00:22:08.710 The Prophet, peace be upon him, used to forbid lying in all its forms, 00:22:08.710 --> 00:22:11.710 except where an exemption was granted: 00:22:11.710 --> 00:22:14.710 such as a man speaking untruthfully to his wife to please her, 00:22:14.710 --> 00:22:17.710 during warfare, and to reconcile between disputing people. 00:22:17.710 --> 00:22:22.789 Chapter: The Writing Down of Knowledge. 00:22:22.789 --> 00:22:26.430 On the authority of Abu Juhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:22:26.430 --> 00:22:29.430 I asked 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him: 00:22:29.430 --> 00:22:32.430 "Do you possess any divine revelation 00:22:32.430 --> 00:22:35.430 other than what is in the Book of Allah?" 00:22:35.430 --> 00:22:38.430 He replied, "No, by Him Who split the seed 00:22:38.430 --> 00:22:41.430 and created the soul, 00:22:41.430 --> 00:22:44.430 I know of none, except an understanding that Allah bestows 00:22:44.430 --> 00:22:47.430 upon a person regarding the Qur'an, 00:22:47.430 --> 00:22:50.500 and whatever is in this scroll." 00:22:50.500 --> 00:22:53.500 I asked, "And what is in this scroll?" 00:22:53.500 --> 00:22:56.500 He replied, "The rules of blood money ('aql), 00:22:56.500 --> 00:23:00.099 the ransoming of captives, 00:23:00.099 --> 00:23:03.809 and that a Muslim shall not be executed for killing a disbeliever." 00:23:03.809 --> 00:23:06.809 "Do you possess any divine revelation?": 00:23:06.809 --> 00:23:09.809 the meaning is, did the Prophet, peace be upon him, specifically distinguish you 00:23:09.809 --> 00:23:12.809 with anything pertaining to religion? 00:23:12.809 --> 00:23:15.900 "Split the seed": meaning cracked it open in the earth 00:23:15.900 --> 00:23:18.900 until it sprouted and bore fruit. 00:23:18.900 --> 00:23:21.900 "Created" (bara'a): meaning brought into being; 00:23:21.900 --> 00:23:24.940 and "the soul" (al-nasamah) refers to every living being. 00:23:24.940 --> 00:23:28.099 As for "the scroll" (al-sahifah): 00:23:28.099 --> 00:23:31.099 it means the written sheet. 00:23:32.099 --> 00:23:35.099 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:23:35.099 --> 00:23:38.930 The early generations (salaf) differed regarding writing down hadith; 00:23:38.930 --> 00:23:43.049 some of them disliked writing it and committing knowledge to writing, 00:23:43.049 --> 00:23:46.049 enjoining instead that it be memorized, 00:23:46.049 --> 00:23:49.049 while others permitted it. 00:23:49.049 --> 00:23:52.049 The hadith also refutes the claim 00:23:52.049 --> 00:23:55.049 that the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:23:55.049 --> 00:23:58.049 bequeathed to 'Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:23:58.049 --> 00:24:01.049 esoteric knowledge 00:24:01.049 --> 00:24:04.079 or singled him out with anything exclusive. 00:24:04.079 --> 00:24:07.079 It also directs one to reflect deeply 00:24:07.079 --> 00:24:10.079 upon what is contained in the Holy Qur'an, 00:24:10.079 --> 00:24:13.079 for a scholar may extract insights from the Qur'an through his own understanding 00:24:13.079 --> 00:24:16.079 that may not have been previously transmitted from earlier exegetes, 00:24:16.079 --> 00:24:19.079 provided it accords with the foundations of Islamic law (Shari'ah). 00:24:19.079 --> 00:24:22.079 It is also deduced from this 00:24:22.079 --> 00:24:25.079 that it is permissible to record legal rulings and write them down. 00:24:25.079 --> 00:24:30.190 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah: 00:24:30.190 --> 00:24:33.190 In the year of the Conquest of Makkah, 00:24:33.190 --> 00:24:36.190 the tribe of Khuza'ah killed a man from Banu Layth 00:24:36.190 --> 00:24:39.259 in retaliation for a person of theirs slain during the pre-Islamic period of ignorance. 00:24:39.259 --> 00:24:42.259 Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, stood up 00:24:42.259 --> 00:24:45.259 and said, "Indeed, Allah withheld 00:24:45.259 --> 00:24:48.259 the elephant from Makkah"— 00:24:48.259 --> 00:24:51.259 and in another narration: "withheld slaughter 00:24:51.259 --> 00:24:54.319 or the elephant"— 00:24:54.319 --> 00:24:57.319 "and gave His Messenger and the believers power over its people. 00:24:58.319 --> 00:25:01.319 Fighting in it was not lawful for anyone before me, 00:25:01.319 --> 00:25:04.319 nor will it be lawful for anyone after me. 00:25:04.319 --> 00:25:07.319 Behold, it was made lawful for me only for an hour of a single day, 00:25:07.319 --> 00:25:10.319 and behold, it is at this present hour sacred. 00:25:10.319 --> 00:25:13.319 And in a narration: 00:25:13.319 --> 00:25:16.319 Its game must not be chased away, 00:25:16.319 --> 00:25:19.319 its thorny shrubs must not be uprooted, 00:25:19.319 --> 00:25:22.319 its trees must not be felled, 00:25:22.319 --> 00:25:25.349 and its lost property must not be picked up except by someone announcing it publicly." 00:25:25.349 --> 00:25:28.349 "Whoever has a relative slain 00:25:28.349 --> 00:25:31.349 has the choice of the two better options: 00:25:31.349 --> 00:25:34.480 either to receive blood money or to demand retribution." 00:25:34.480 --> 00:25:37.480 Thereupon, a man from the people of Yemen 00:25:37.480 --> 00:25:40.480 called Abu Shah stood up 00:25:40.480 --> 00:25:43.509 and said, "Write it down for me, O Messenger of Allah!" 00:25:43.509 --> 00:25:46.509 So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:25:46.509 --> 00:25:49.640 "Write it down for Abu Shah." 00:25:49.640 --> 00:25:52.640 Then a man from Quraysh stood up 00:25:52.640 --> 00:25:55.640 and said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:25:55.640 --> 00:25:58.640 except for idhkhir (sweet rush), 00:25:58.640 --> 00:26:01.640 for we use it in our homes and our graves." 00:26:01.640 --> 00:26:04.640 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:26:04.640 --> 00:26:08.410 "Except for idhkhir." 00:26:08.410 --> 00:26:12.140 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:12.140 --> 00:26:15.140 "Withheld" means prevented. 00:26:15.140 --> 00:26:18.140 "Its thorny shrubs must not be uprooted": 00:26:18.140 --> 00:26:21.210 meaning they must not be clipped or cut down. 00:26:21.210 --> 00:26:24.210 "Its lost property": that is, whatever fell there due to the owner's oversight, 00:26:24.210 --> 00:26:27.269 referring to lost items. 00:26:27.269 --> 00:26:30.269 "Except by someone announcing it publicly" (munshid): 00:26:30.269 --> 00:26:33.269 the munshid is the one who makes a public proclamation of a lost item, 00:26:33.269 --> 00:26:36.269 whereas the seeker of the lost property is termed a nashid; 00:26:36.269 --> 00:26:39.269 it is said: "I searched for the lost item" (nashadtu) when seeking it, 00:26:39.269 --> 00:26:42.269 and "I announced it" (anshadtu) when proclaiming it, 00:26:42.269 --> 00:26:45.269 and the root meaning of inshad is raising one's voice. 00:26:45.269 --> 00:26:48.339 "Has the choice of the two better options": 00:26:49.339 --> 00:26:52.339 "either to receive blood money," 00:26:52.339 --> 00:26:55.339 meaning the killer's paternal kin ('aqilah) pays the victim's blood money, 00:26:55.339 --> 00:26:58.339 "or to demand retribution," 00:26:58.339 --> 00:27:01.500 meaning the killer is executed. 00:27:01.500 --> 00:27:04.500 "A man from Quraysh stood up": 00:27:04.500 --> 00:27:07.589 he was al-'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:27:07.589 --> 00:27:10.720 Idhkhir is a well-known plant 00:27:10.720 --> 00:27:13.720 with a pleasant scent. 00:27:13.720 --> 00:27:16.720 "We use it in our homes": 00:27:16.720 --> 00:27:19.720 just as straw is utilized, 00:27:19.720 --> 00:27:22.720 for they used to roof their houses with it over timber beams. 00:27:22.720 --> 00:27:25.720 "And our graves": 00:27:25.720 --> 00:27:28.720 because it is used to seal the gaps of the niche in the grave 00:27:28.720 --> 00:27:32.390 between the unbaked bricks. 00:27:32.390 --> 00:27:36.349 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:27:36.349 --> 00:27:39.349 It is deduced from the hadith 00:27:39.349 --> 00:27:42.349 that the sanctity of Makkah remains intact until the Day of Judgment. 00:27:42.349 --> 00:27:45.349 As for his saying "its thorny shrubs": 00:27:45.349 --> 00:27:48.380 It also contains an encouragement for the victim's guardian to deliberate: 00:27:48.380 --> 00:27:51.380 if retribution is deemed better than blood money, 00:27:51.380 --> 00:27:54.380 he seeks retribution, 00:27:54.380 --> 00:27:57.380 and if blood money is better, he accepts it, 00:27:57.380 --> 00:28:00.539 without being coerced into doing so. 00:28:00.539 --> 00:28:03.539 It also demonstrates the permissibility of writing down knowledge, 00:28:03.539 --> 00:28:06.539 and shows the Prophet's guidance, peace be upon him, 00:28:06.539 --> 00:28:09.539 directing people to what brings them welfare in their religious and worldly affairs, 00:28:09.539 --> 00:28:12.539 and that legal rulings are fundamentally built upon securing benefits 00:28:12.539 --> 00:28:16.950 and warding off harms. 00:28:16.950 --> 00:28:19.950 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, who said: 00:28:19.950 --> 00:28:22.950 "None of the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:28:22.950 --> 00:28:25.950 narrated more hadiths from him than I did, 00:28:25.950 --> 00:28:28.950 except for 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr, 00:28:28.950 --> 00:28:31.950 for he used to write them down while I did not." 00:28:31.950 --> 00:28:35.460 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:35.460 --> 00:28:39.140 "He used to write," meaning write down hadith. 00:28:39.140 --> 00:28:42.420 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:28:44.349 --> 00:28:47.349 The hadith highlights the virtue of the Companions of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:28:47.349 --> 00:28:50.349 and reflects their ardent dedication to preserving the hadith 00:28:50.349 --> 00:28:53.349 of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:28:53.349 --> 00:28:56.349 as well as recording and conveying it.