WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.540 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.540 --> 00:00:06.459 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.459 --> 00:00:09.660 for Humanities Research and Studies 00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:10.939 presents: 00:00:10.939 --> 00:00:15.960 An Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:15.960 --> 00:00:20.149 Chapter: The Virtue of the 'Asr Prayer. 00:00:20.149 --> 00:00:23.710 On the authority of Jarir ibn 'Abdullah, who said: 00:00:23.710 --> 00:00:27.829 We were sitting with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:00:27.829 --> 00:00:31.190 when he looked at the moon on the night of a full moon 00:00:31.190 --> 00:00:32.710 and said: 00:00:32.869 --> 00:00:37.909 "Behold, you shall see your Lord just as you see this moon." 00:00:37.909 --> 00:00:39.670 According to another narration: 00:00:39.670 --> 00:00:43.549 "You will see your Lord plainly, 00:00:43.549 --> 00:00:48.579 facing no crowding or doubt in seeing Him. 00:00:48.579 --> 00:00:56.079 So if you are able to avoid being overcome and missing a prayer before the rising of the sun and before its setting, 00:00:56.079 --> 00:00:57.600 then do so." 00:00:57.600 --> 00:00:59.340 Then he recited: 00:00:59.340 --> 00:01:05.890 “Therefor (O Muhammad), bear with what they say, and celebrate the praise of thy Lord ere the rising of the sun and ere the going down thereof. And glorify Him some hours of the night and at the two ends of the day, that thou mayst find acceptance.” (20:130) 00:01:05.890 --> 00:01:09.500 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:09.500 --> 00:01:11.420 "Facing no crowding" (la tudammuna) 00:01:11.420 --> 00:01:16.109 means: you will not have to crowd together to gaze at Him. 00:01:16.109 --> 00:01:17.829 "Facing no doubt" (la tudahuna) 00:01:17.829 --> 00:01:21.430 means: it will not be ambiguous to you such that you fall into doubt. 00:01:21.430 --> 00:01:22.909 "In seeing Him," 00:01:22.909 --> 00:01:24.569 that is, as when seeing the moon. 00:01:24.569 --> 00:01:26.209 "Avoid being overcome," 00:01:26.209 --> 00:01:29.420 meaning: let no one or nothing cause you to miss it. 00:01:29.540 --> 00:01:31.420 "Before the rising of the sun," 00:01:31.420 --> 00:01:33.500 that is, the Fajr prayer. 00:01:33.500 --> 00:01:35.420 "And before its setting," 00:01:35.420 --> 00:01:38.049 that is, the 'Asr prayer. 00:01:38.049 --> 00:01:41.420 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:01:41.420 --> 00:01:43.459 It is inferred from the hadith: 00:01:43.459 --> 00:01:48.340 Affirmation that the believers will see Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, in the Hereafter. 00:01:48.340 --> 00:01:53.219 Also, what is intended by his words (peace be upon him) regarding seeing Him 00:01:53.219 --> 00:01:55.659 is a comparison between the act of seeing and the act of seeing, 00:01:55.659 --> 00:01:58.400 not a comparison between what is seen and what is seen. 00:01:58.400 --> 00:01:59.599 Furthermore, the hadith contains: 00:01:59.719 --> 00:02:06.340 An emphasis on regularly maintaining the Fajr and 'Asr prayers. 00:02:06.340 --> 00:02:07.939 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah: 00:02:07.939 --> 00:02:12.259 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:02:12.259 --> 00:02:18.379 "Angels take turns visiting you by night and angels by day, 00:02:18.379 --> 00:02:22.939 and they assemble together at the Fajr and 'Asr prayers. 00:02:22.939 --> 00:02:26.460 Then those who stayed among you overnight ascend, 00:02:26.460 --> 00:02:29.620 and their Lord asks them—though He knows them best—: 00:02:29.659 --> 00:02:32.379 'In what state did you leave My servants?' 00:02:32.379 --> 00:02:34.099 They reply: 00:02:34.099 --> 00:02:37.180 'We left them while they were praying, 00:02:37.180 --> 00:02:41.430 and we came to them while they were praying.'" 00:02:41.430 --> 00:02:44.849 Commentary on the hadith: 00:02:44.849 --> 00:02:47.090 "Take turns visiting you," 00:02:47.090 --> 00:02:50.699 meaning: one group comes successively after another. 00:02:50.699 --> 00:02:54.740 "Angels by night and angels by day": 00:02:54.740 --> 00:02:56.659 these angels 00:02:56.659 --> 00:02:59.539 are the guardian angels according to the majority of scholars. 00:02:59.580 --> 00:03:00.699 "Ascend," 00:03:00.699 --> 00:03:02.379 that is, rise up. 00:03:02.379 --> 00:03:04.300 "Though He knows them best," 00:03:04.300 --> 00:03:09.400 because not even an atom's weight escapes the knowledge of the Exalted. 00:03:09.400 --> 00:03:12.990 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:03:12.990 --> 00:03:15.229 It is inferred from the hadith: 00:03:15.229 --> 00:03:17.270 Part of Allah's gentleness toward His servants 00:03:17.270 --> 00:03:23.939 is that He ordained the assembly and departure of angels to coincide with their times of worship. 00:03:23.939 --> 00:03:29.030 The hadith also indicates the transcendence of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, above His creation. 00:03:29.030 --> 00:03:33.750 It affirms the existence of the angels and clarifies some of their functions. 00:03:33.750 --> 00:03:40.819 It also emphasizes the diligent observance of the Fajr and 'Asr prayers. 00:03:40.819 --> 00:03:45.819 Chapter: Whoever Catches One Rak'ah of 'Asr Before Sunset. 00:03:45.819 --> 00:03:48.060 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, who said: 00:03:48.060 --> 00:03:51.819 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:03:51.819 --> 00:03:57.460 "If one of you catches a prostration of the 'Asr prayer before the sun sets, 00:03:57.460 --> 00:03:59.979 let him complete his prayer. 00:03:59.979 --> 00:04:03.849 And if he catches a prostration of the Subh prayer..." 00:04:03.849 --> 00:04:05.289 In another narration: 00:04:05.289 --> 00:04:10.330 "Whoever catches a rak'ah of the prayer before the sun rises, 00:04:10.330 --> 00:04:13.360 let him complete his prayer." 00:04:13.360 --> 00:04:16.519 Commentary on the hadith: 00:04:16.519 --> 00:04:18.879 "Catches" means reached in time, 00:04:18.879 --> 00:04:23.389 meaning that the prayer is counted for him as being performed on time (ada'). 00:04:23.389 --> 00:04:24.670 "A prostration" (sajdah): 00:04:24.670 --> 00:04:27.629 what is meant by prostration here is a full rak'ah. 00:04:27.629 --> 00:04:32.779 A rak'ah is termed a prostration because its completion is marked by prostration. 00:04:32.779 --> 00:04:34.660 "Let him complete his prayer," 00:04:34.660 --> 00:04:36.579 meaning: he should finish the prayer, 00:04:36.579 --> 00:04:41.000 even if the remainder falls within the disliked time. 00:04:41.000 --> 00:04:44.620 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:04:44.620 --> 00:04:50.180 The hadith hints that the merit of the congregational prayer is attained by catching even part of it. 00:04:50.180 --> 00:04:55.620 It also dispels the illusion that prayer is invalidated at sunrise and sunset 00:04:55.660 --> 00:04:59.399 for one who commenced it before sunrise or sunset. 00:04:59.399 --> 00:05:04.199 It points to the obligation of hastening to pray once one remembers, 00:05:04.199 --> 00:05:09.759 even if only a brief time remains that suffices for just one rak'ah. 00:05:09.759 --> 00:05:14.199 It emphasizes maintaining the Fajr and 'Asr prayers, 00:05:14.199 --> 00:05:18.709 even if part of them falls into the prohibited time. 00:05:18.709 --> 00:05:21.910 It illustrates the vastness of Allah the Exalted's mercy 00:05:21.910 --> 00:05:27.569 and His immense favor upon this Ummah. 00:05:27.610 --> 00:05:29.050 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar: 00:05:29.050 --> 00:05:34.009 He heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saying: 00:05:34.009 --> 00:05:38.949 "Your duration compared to the nations that passed before you..." 00:05:38.949 --> 00:05:40.550 In another narration: 00:05:40.550 --> 00:05:44.149 "The parable of yourselves, the Jews, and the Christians 00:05:44.149 --> 00:05:47.149 is like a man who hired workers." 00:05:47.149 --> 00:05:48.829 And in another narration: 00:05:48.829 --> 00:05:53.269 "Your lifespan in comparison to the lifespans of the nations of the past 00:05:53.269 --> 00:05:57.540 is like the time between the 'Asr prayer and the setting of the sun. 00:05:57.540 --> 00:06:00.540 The people of the Torah were given the Torah, 00:06:00.540 --> 00:06:05.259 and they worked until midday, when they grew weary and gave up; 00:06:05.259 --> 00:06:08.779 so they were given one qirat each. 00:06:08.779 --> 00:06:12.259 Then the people of the Gospel were given the Gospel, 00:06:12.259 --> 00:06:14.860 and they worked until the 'Asr prayer, 00:06:14.860 --> 00:06:16.699 then grew weary and gave up; 00:06:16.699 --> 00:06:20.170 so they were given one qirat each. 00:06:20.170 --> 00:06:22.610 Then we were given the Qur'an, 00:06:22.610 --> 00:06:25.730 and we worked until sunset; 00:06:25.730 --> 00:06:29.860 so we were given two qirats each. 00:06:29.860 --> 00:06:32.569 The people of the two scriptures said:" 00:06:32.569 --> 00:06:34.050 In another narration: 00:06:34.050 --> 00:06:36.810 "The Jews and Christians grew indignant, 00:06:36.810 --> 00:06:38.170 and they said: 00:06:38.170 --> 00:06:42.410 'Why is it that we did more work and received less reward?' 00:06:42.410 --> 00:06:43.970 Meaning: 'Our Lord, 00:06:43.970 --> 00:06:48.129 You gave them two qirats each, 00:06:48.129 --> 00:06:51.410 while You gave us only one qirat each, 00:06:51.410 --> 00:06:54.569 though we performed more work.' 00:06:54.569 --> 00:06:55.810 He said: 00:06:55.810 --> 00:06:58.250 Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: 00:06:58.250 --> 00:07:01.899 'Did I wrong you in any part of your reward?' 00:07:01.899 --> 00:07:03.420 In another narration: 00:07:03.420 --> 00:07:06.420 'Did I deprive you of your right?' 00:07:06.420 --> 00:07:08.259 They said, 'No.' 00:07:08.259 --> 00:07:09.420 He said: 00:07:09.420 --> 00:07:13.740 'That is My favor; I bestow it upon whomever I will.'" 00:07:13.740 --> 00:07:17.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:07:17.220 --> 00:07:19.259 "Your duration," 00:07:19.259 --> 00:07:21.699 is an allusion to the nearness of the Hour 00:07:21.699 --> 00:07:24.740 and how little of this worldly life remains. 00:07:24.740 --> 00:07:27.220 "That passed" means went by, 00:07:27.220 --> 00:07:28.459 "of the nations," 00:07:28.459 --> 00:07:30.939 meaning the Jews and Christians. 00:07:30.939 --> 00:07:32.220 "They grew weary and gave up," 00:07:32.220 --> 00:07:35.300 meaning they did not fulfill what they were tasked with. 00:07:35.300 --> 00:07:36.620 "So they were given," 00:07:36.620 --> 00:07:39.339 that is, wages for their labor. 00:07:39.339 --> 00:07:40.939 "Qirat": 00:07:40.939 --> 00:07:43.540 the qirat is a well-known measure of weight; 00:07:43.540 --> 00:07:48.759 it is said to be one twenty-fourth of a dinar. 00:07:48.759 --> 00:07:51.519 "Though we performed more work," 00:07:51.519 --> 00:07:55.240 because a longer duration necessarily entails more labor. 00:07:55.240 --> 00:07:57.910 They said this out of envy. 00:07:57.910 --> 00:08:01.149 "Did I wrong you in any part of your reward?" 00:08:01.149 --> 00:08:04.750 meaning: did I diminish your wage or your due? 00:08:04.750 --> 00:08:07.870 For injustice may occur by adding undeserved burdens, 00:08:07.870 --> 00:08:10.579 or it may occur by withholding a rightful share. 00:08:10.579 --> 00:08:11.980 "Your lifespan," 00:08:11.980 --> 00:08:14.579 meaning your remaining time. 00:08:14.579 --> 00:08:15.980 "Of the past" (man khala), 00:08:15.980 --> 00:08:18.529 meaning those who went before. 00:08:18.529 --> 00:08:22.129 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:08:22.170 --> 00:08:24.129 It is inferred from the hadith: 00:08:24.129 --> 00:08:28.250 A demonstration of the virtue of the Ummah of Muhammad (peace be upon him) 00:08:28.250 --> 00:08:31.990 and the multiplication of its reward for modest deeds. 00:08:31.990 --> 00:08:36.070 The hadith affirms that the Torah was revealed to the Jews, 00:08:36.070 --> 00:08:39.179 and the Gospel was revealed to the Christians. 00:08:39.179 --> 00:08:40.580 The hadith also shows 00:08:40.580 --> 00:08:44.659 that the Jews and Christians deviated from the teachings of their scriptures 00:08:44.659 --> 00:08:46.860 and failed to uphold their obligations, 00:08:46.860 --> 00:08:49.789 thereby incurring wrath and straying from the path. 00:08:49.789 --> 00:08:54.990 The hadith also warns against adopting the way of the Jews and Christians. 00:08:54.990 --> 00:08:58.029 It demonstrates the legitimacy of using parables, 00:08:58.029 --> 00:09:00.789 which leave a deeper impact on the listener's heart, 00:09:00.789 --> 00:09:06.179 and from which legal rulings (ahkam) may be derived. 00:09:06.179 --> 00:09:08.860 On the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:09:08.860 --> 00:09:12.950 from the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said: 00:09:12.950 --> 00:09:16.710 "The parable of the Muslims, the Jews, and the Christians 00:09:16.710 --> 00:09:19.149 is like that of a man who hired laborers 00:09:19.190 --> 00:09:22.470 to perform work for him for a day until nightfall, 00:09:22.470 --> 00:09:24.940 for a specified wage. 00:09:24.940 --> 00:09:27.980 They worked for him until midday, 00:09:27.980 --> 00:09:29.379 then said: 00:09:29.379 --> 00:09:33.539 'We have no need for your wage which you stipulated for us, 00:09:33.539 --> 00:09:36.139 and our work is void.' 00:09:36.139 --> 00:09:39.100 He said to them: 'Do not do that; 00:09:39.100 --> 00:09:41.620 complete the rest of your work 00:09:41.620 --> 00:09:44.460 and take your full wage.' 00:09:44.460 --> 00:09:46.659 But they refused and abandoned it. 00:09:46.700 --> 00:09:49.299 Then he hired two workers after them, 00:09:49.299 --> 00:09:51.019 saying to them: 00:09:51.019 --> 00:09:54.100 'Complete the remainder of this day of yours, 00:09:54.100 --> 00:09:57.659 and you shall have the wage I had stipulated for them.' 00:09:57.659 --> 00:10:02.259 They worked until the time of the 'Asr prayer, 00:10:02.259 --> 00:10:03.539 when they said: 00:10:03.539 --> 00:10:06.299 'Whatever we did is void, 00:10:06.299 --> 00:10:09.899 and you may keep the wage you set for us in it.' 00:10:09.899 --> 00:10:11.820 He said to the two of them: 00:10:11.820 --> 00:10:14.500 'Complete the rest of your work; 00:10:14.500 --> 00:10:18.220 only a little of the day remains.' 00:10:18.220 --> 00:10:19.909 Yet they refused. 00:10:19.909 --> 00:10:24.950 So he hired a group to work for him for the remainder of their day; 00:10:24.950 --> 00:10:29.710 they worked the rest of their day until the sun set, 00:10:29.710 --> 00:10:33.539 and they received the full wages of both previous groups combined. 00:10:33.539 --> 00:10:39.240 That is their parable, and the parable of what they accepted of this light." 00:10:39.240 --> 00:10:42.629 Commentary on the hadith: 00:10:42.629 --> 00:10:45.970 "The likeness of" means a counterpart and parallel. 00:10:45.970 --> 00:10:49.570 "He hired people to do work for him": 00:10:49.570 --> 00:10:51.960 Those people were the Jews. 00:10:51.960 --> 00:10:54.679 "We have no need of your wage": 00:10:54.679 --> 00:10:57.120 This was addressed to the employer, 00:10:57.120 --> 00:11:00.159 and it signified abandoning the work. 00:11:00.159 --> 00:11:02.360 "And what we did is void": 00:11:02.360 --> 00:11:05.669 An indication that their deeds were nullified. 00:11:05.669 --> 00:11:09.539 "Do not do so" means: do not abandon the work. 00:11:09.539 --> 00:11:12.500 "Yet they refused" means they withheld their labor, 00:11:12.500 --> 00:11:16.379 "and departed," meaning they abandoned the work and turned away. 00:11:16.379 --> 00:11:20.190 So Allah dispensed with them and replaced them. 00:11:20.190 --> 00:11:23.649 "Yet they both refused" means both parties declined. 00:11:23.649 --> 00:11:28.169 "So he hired people to work for him for the remainder of their day": 00:11:28.169 --> 00:11:32.379 These are the Ummah of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:11:32.379 --> 00:11:35.659 "And they received the full reward of both parties," 00:11:35.659 --> 00:11:38.220 meaning the Jews and the Christians. 00:11:38.220 --> 00:11:41.340 "And the likeness of what they accepted of this light": 00:11:41.340 --> 00:11:45.700 That is, the likeness of the Muslims and the likeness of what they accepted of this light, 00:11:45.700 --> 00:11:48.970 meaning the light of guidance to the truth. 00:11:48.970 --> 00:11:52.429 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:11:52.429 --> 00:11:56.590 From this hadith is derived the explanation of the virtue of the Islamic Ummah, 00:11:56.590 --> 00:11:59.470 which accepted the guidance of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic, 00:11:59.470 --> 00:12:03.980 and that which His Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, brought. 00:12:03.980 --> 00:12:08.379 It indicates the legitimacy of striking parables to make concepts easier to grasp; 00:12:08.379 --> 00:12:11.139 and that the purpose of the first parable 00:12:11.179 --> 00:12:17.299 is to demonstrate that the deeds of this Ummah receive greater reward than the deeds of all other nations; 00:12:17.299 --> 00:12:18.740 while from the second, 00:12:18.740 --> 00:12:24.299 that those who did not believe in Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:12:24.299 --> 00:12:28.950 have their prior deeds done under their religion rendered devoid of reward. 00:12:28.950 --> 00:12:34.769 The hadith also contains an allusion to the occurrence of textual corruption in the scriptures of previous nations; 00:12:34.769 --> 00:12:38.049 and that the earlier nations were deprived of the full reward 00:12:38.049 --> 00:12:42.070 because they refused to complete the work they had undertaken. 00:12:42.070 --> 00:12:47.149 It establishes the permissibility of hiring for a known wage up to a known time; 00:12:47.149 --> 00:12:51.740 and that whoever completes the work is entitled to the full wage. 00:12:51.740 --> 00:13:00.049 The hadith also points to the obligation of fulfilling agreed conditions between contracting parties. 00:13:00.049 --> 00:13:02.909 Chapter: The Time of the Maghrib Prayer. 00:13:02.909 --> 00:13:05.990 On the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij, who said: 00:13:05.990 --> 00:13:10.950 "We used to pray Maghrib with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:10.950 --> 00:13:16.539 and one of us would leave while still able to see the spots where his arrows fell." 00:13:16.539 --> 00:13:19.929 Commentary on the hadith: 00:13:19.929 --> 00:13:24.259 "And one of us would leave," meaning after departing from the Maghrib prayer, 00:13:24.259 --> 00:13:27.259 "while still able to see the spots where his arrows fell": 00:13:27.259 --> 00:13:29.500 That is, if he were to shoot an arrow from his bow, 00:13:29.500 --> 00:13:33.960 he could see where it landed because daylight still remained. 00:13:33.960 --> 00:13:37.399 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:13:37.440 --> 00:13:43.759 The hadith indicates the recommendation to hasten to perform Maghrib at the beginning of its time, immediately after sunset. 00:13:43.759 --> 00:13:49.600 It also indicates that the prayer times are divinely determined (tawqifiyyah). 00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:52.559 On the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdillah, who said: 00:13:52.559 --> 00:13:58.039 "The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, used to pray Zuhr at the midday heat, 00:13:58.039 --> 00:14:00.840 and 'Asr while the sun was still pure"— 00:14:00.840 --> 00:14:02.200 and in another narration: 00:14:02.200 --> 00:14:04.200 "while the sun was bright"— 00:14:04.200 --> 00:14:06.720 "and Maghrib when it had set; 00:14:06.720 --> 00:14:10.360 and as for 'Isha', at varying times: 00:14:10.360 --> 00:14:13.360 when he saw that they had gathered, he would hasten it, 00:14:13.360 --> 00:14:16.669 and when he saw that they were slow in arriving, he would delay it. 00:14:16.669 --> 00:14:24.409 And the morning prayer, they used to—or the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to—pray it in the twilight of dawn." 00:14:24.409 --> 00:14:27.690 Commentary on the hadith: 00:14:27.690 --> 00:14:29.129 "At the midday heat" (al-hajirah): 00:14:29.129 --> 00:14:33.279 Al-hajirah is midday when the heat becomes intense. 00:14:33.279 --> 00:14:35.159 "While the sun was pure": 00:14:35.159 --> 00:14:37.240 That is, clear and radiant, 00:14:37.240 --> 00:14:41.000 not yet touched by yellowness or alteration. 00:14:41.000 --> 00:14:42.559 "When it had set" (wajabat): 00:14:42.559 --> 00:14:46.730 What is meant is the dropping of the sun's disc below the horizon at sunset. 00:14:46.730 --> 00:14:47.889 "He would hasten it": 00:14:47.889 --> 00:14:50.330 Meaning the 'Isha' prayer. 00:14:50.330 --> 00:14:53.289 "And when he saw that they were slow in arriving, he would delay it": 00:14:53.289 --> 00:14:55.850 That is, when he saw the congregants arriving late, 00:14:55.850 --> 00:14:57.889 he would delay the 'Isha' prayer 00:14:57.889 --> 00:15:00.720 so that they might attain the virtue of praying in congregation. 00:15:00.720 --> 00:15:01.840 "In the twilight of dawn" (bi-ghalas): 00:15:01.840 --> 00:15:05.080 Meaning in the darkness of the tail end of the night. 00:15:05.080 --> 00:15:08.620 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:15:08.659 --> 00:15:10.899 Derived from the hadith is 00:15:10.899 --> 00:15:13.940 that the times of prayer are divinely determined, 00:15:13.940 --> 00:15:18.820 the ultimate standard for them being the practice of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:15:18.820 --> 00:15:22.059 It indicates the recommendation to delay the 'Isha' prayer, 00:15:22.059 --> 00:15:24.700 as well as the permissibility of hastening it. 00:15:24.700 --> 00:15:27.940 It also shows the recommendation to delay the 'Isha' prayer 00:15:27.940 --> 00:15:30.500 so that more people may assemble for it. 00:15:30.500 --> 00:15:34.860 It shows the recommendation to begin the Fajr prayer in the twilight of dawn. 00:15:34.899 --> 00:15:36.100 The hadith also indicates 00:15:36.100 --> 00:15:39.460 hastening to perform prayer at the beginning of its time, 00:15:39.460 --> 00:15:41.980 except where textual evidence specifies otherwise— 00:15:41.980 --> 00:15:43.779 such as waiting for the heat to abate for Zuhr, 00:15:43.779 --> 00:15:45.899 delaying Fajr until dawn broadens (isfar), 00:15:45.899 --> 00:15:50.240 and postponing 'Isha' when the congregation is late in arriving. 00:15:50.240 --> 00:15:54.279 The hadith points to the virtue of congregational prayer 00:15:54.279 --> 00:15:56.820 and waiting for its numbers to increase, 00:15:56.820 --> 00:16:03.190 and that the imam should be mindful of the congregants' circumstances. 00:16:03.190 --> 00:16:05.269 On the authority of Salamah, who said: 00:16:05.269 --> 00:16:09.950 "We used to pray Maghrib with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:16:09.950 --> 00:16:13.539 when the sun had hidden behind the veil." 00:16:13.539 --> 00:16:16.750 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:16.750 --> 00:16:21.460 "We used to" is a formulation indicating regular and continued practice. 00:16:21.460 --> 00:16:23.860 "When the sun had hidden behind the veil" 00:16:23.860 --> 00:16:28.080 means when it had become concealed by that which screens it from sight. 00:16:28.080 --> 00:16:31.580 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:16:31.580 --> 00:16:33.580 Derived from the hadith is 00:16:33.620 --> 00:16:37.740 hastening to pray Maghrib at the very beginning of its time, 00:16:37.740 --> 00:16:43.460 and that the prayer times are divinely determined. 00:16:43.460 --> 00:16:48.149 Chapter: Disapproval of Calling Maghrib by the Name 'Isha'. 00:16:48.149 --> 00:16:51.389 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Mughaffal al-Muzani, 00:16:51.389 --> 00:16:55.429 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:16:55.429 --> 00:17:00.429 "Let not the Bedouins prevail over you concerning the name of your prayer, Maghrib." 00:17:00.429 --> 00:17:05.650 He added: "The Bedouins call it 'Isha'." 00:17:05.650 --> 00:17:08.960 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:08.960 --> 00:17:12.160 The Bedouins are the dwellers of the desert, 00:17:12.160 --> 00:17:17.200 and the meaning is: do not be deceived by their naming it so or by their practice 00:17:17.200 --> 00:17:19.400 such that you delay your prayer, 00:17:19.400 --> 00:17:23.069 but rather pray it when its designated time arrives. 00:17:23.069 --> 00:17:24.589 "It is 'Isha'": 00:17:24.589 --> 00:17:29.289 Meaning the beginning of night's darkness, when they delay milking their camels into the night. 00:17:29.289 --> 00:17:32.660 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:17:32.660 --> 00:17:34.819 Derived from the hadith is 00:17:34.859 --> 00:17:37.819 adherence to the terminology established by the Shariah, 00:17:37.819 --> 00:17:41.259 especially when confusion and ambiguity may arise. 00:17:41.259 --> 00:17:47.779 It also indicates that the names of the prayers are divinely determined. 00:17:47.779 --> 00:17:50.779 Chapter: The Virtue of the 'Isha' Prayer. 00:17:50.779 --> 00:17:53.059 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 00:17:53.059 --> 00:17:58.009 "The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delayed the 'Isha' prayer into the darkness of night"— 00:17:58.009 --> 00:17:59.569 and in another narration: 00:17:59.569 --> 00:18:03.109 "and that was before Islam had spread widely— 00:18:03.109 --> 00:18:05.470 until 'Umar called out to him: 00:18:05.470 --> 00:18:06.829 'The prayer! 00:18:06.869 --> 00:18:09.829 The women and children have fallen asleep!' 00:18:09.829 --> 00:18:12.250 So he came out and said"— 00:18:12.250 --> 00:18:13.769 and in another narration: 00:18:13.769 --> 00:18:16.380 "he said to the people of the mosque— 00:18:16.380 --> 00:18:21.150 'None of the people of the earth is waiting for it except you.' 00:18:21.150 --> 00:18:22.390 She said: 00:18:22.390 --> 00:18:26.509 'And on that day, it was not prayed anywhere except in Medina.' 00:18:26.509 --> 00:18:28.670 And they used to pray"— 00:18:28.670 --> 00:18:30.150 in another narration: 00:18:30.150 --> 00:18:32.789 "and they used to pray the night prayer ('Atamah) 00:18:32.789 --> 00:18:35.589 between the disappearance of the twilight 00:18:35.589 --> 00:18:39.390 and the end of the first third of the night." 00:18:39.390 --> 00:18:42.710 Commentary on the hadith: 00:18:42.710 --> 00:18:43.990 "Delayed into the night" (a'tama): 00:18:43.990 --> 00:18:45.029 Al-'atamah is 00:18:45.029 --> 00:18:47.109 the darkness of the early part of the night. 00:18:47.109 --> 00:18:48.390 The meaning is 00:18:48.390 --> 00:18:52.269 that he delayed and postponed it until darkness had fully set in. 00:18:52.269 --> 00:18:53.990 "Before it had spread widely" 00:18:53.990 --> 00:18:56.660 means before it became widespread. 00:18:56.660 --> 00:19:00.210 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:19:00.210 --> 00:19:02.210 Derived from the hadith is 00:19:02.210 --> 00:19:05.809 that the predominant practice of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:19:05.809 --> 00:19:08.769 was to perform the prayer early out of gentleness toward his Ummah 00:19:08.769 --> 00:19:12.849 and to remove hardship from them caused by lengthy waiting. 00:19:12.849 --> 00:19:16.210 It demonstrates the virtue of waiting for the prayer. 00:19:16.210 --> 00:19:20.849 It shows the permissibility of reminding the imam or scholar regarding the prayer. 00:19:20.849 --> 00:19:24.369 It indicates the recommendation to delay the 'Isha' prayer, 00:19:24.369 --> 00:19:31.440 and the recommendation for women and children to attend congregational prayer. 00:19:31.440 --> 00:19:33.880 On the authority of Abu Musa, who said: 00:19:33.880 --> 00:19:37.880 "I and my companions who arrived with me on the ship 00:19:37.880 --> 00:19:40.920 were staying in Baqi' Buthan, 00:19:40.920 --> 00:19:45.180 while the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was in Medina. 00:19:45.180 --> 00:19:48.859 A group of them would take turns going to the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:19:48.859 --> 00:19:53.910 every night at the time of the 'Isha' prayer. 00:19:53.910 --> 00:19:57.069 It coincided that we were with the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:19:57.069 --> 00:19:58.950 I and my companions, 00:19:58.950 --> 00:20:02.309 while he was occupied with some matter of his. 00:20:02.349 --> 00:20:06.309 So he delayed the prayer until the middle of the night, 00:20:06.309 --> 00:20:09.509 after which the Prophet, peace be upon him, came out 00:20:09.509 --> 00:20:11.549 and led them in prayer. 00:20:11.549 --> 00:20:13.869 When he concluded his prayer, 00:20:13.869 --> 00:20:15.829 he said to those present: 00:20:15.829 --> 00:20:17.789 'Stay where you are, 00:20:17.789 --> 00:20:19.190 and rejoice! 00:20:19.190 --> 00:20:22.029 For indeed, it is among the favors of Allah upon you 00:20:22.029 --> 00:20:27.589 that no one among mankind is praying at this hour except you'— 00:20:27.589 --> 00:20:29.029 or he said: 00:20:29.069 --> 00:20:33.150 'No one has prayed at this hour except you.' 00:20:33.150 --> 00:20:36.690 He did not know which of the two statements he uttered. 00:20:36.690 --> 00:20:38.690 Abu Musa said: 00:20:38.690 --> 00:20:40.130 'So we returned, 00:20:40.130 --> 00:20:46.589 delighted with what we had heard from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.'" 00:20:46.589 --> 00:20:50.039 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:50.039 --> 00:20:51.880 "In Baqi' Buthan": 00:20:51.880 --> 00:20:54.309 It is a valley in Medina. 00:20:54.309 --> 00:20:55.710 "Would take turns" 00:20:55.710 --> 00:21:00.190 means that these would attend one time, and those another time. 00:21:00.190 --> 00:21:01.190 "A group" (nafar): 00:21:01.190 --> 00:21:05.279 A small company of men ranging from three to ten. 00:21:05.279 --> 00:21:06.759 "It coincided that we were" 00:21:06.759 --> 00:21:08.750 means we happened to be present. 00:21:08.750 --> 00:21:10.269 "Some matter" 00:21:10.269 --> 00:21:12.750 was the outfitting of an army. 00:21:12.750 --> 00:21:14.589 "He delayed the prayer" 00:21:14.589 --> 00:21:17.309 means he deferred it and postponed it 00:21:17.309 --> 00:21:19.549 "until the middle of the night," 00:21:19.549 --> 00:21:21.269 meaning until night had reached its midpoint. 00:21:21.269 --> 00:21:23.349 "When he concluded his prayer" 00:21:23.349 --> 00:21:25.390 means when he finished it. 00:21:25.390 --> 00:21:27.109 "Take your time," 00:21:27.109 --> 00:21:28.910 meaning: do not rush. 00:21:28.950 --> 00:21:34.269 "And we rejoiced at what we heard from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him," 00:21:34.269 --> 00:21:37.140 meaning: we were overjoyed with the glad tidings. 00:21:37.140 --> 00:21:40.670 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:21:40.670 --> 00:21:42.670 It is derived from the hadith 00:21:42.670 --> 00:21:45.710 that it is permissible to take turns in seeking knowledge; 00:21:45.710 --> 00:21:49.579 and in it is the keenness to learn the Sunnahs and the obligatory duties; 00:21:49.579 --> 00:21:52.900 and in the hadith is the acceptance of a single-narrator report (khabar al-wahid); 00:21:52.900 --> 00:21:55.539 and in it is the permissibility of delaying the 'Isha prayer 00:21:55.539 --> 00:21:59.740 if it is known that the people have the strength to wait for it; 00:21:59.740 --> 00:22:03.140 and in it is the permissibility of speaking after 'Isha [for a good purpose], 00:22:03.140 --> 00:22:06.140 and the prohibition of doing so in other than goodness; 00:22:06.140 --> 00:22:07.420 and in the hadith [it is shown] 00:22:07.420 --> 00:22:10.940 that his customary practice, peace be upon him, 00:22:10.940 --> 00:22:14.059 was to perform the prayer early out of kindness to his Ummah, 00:22:14.059 --> 00:22:18.259 and to lift hardship from them caused by a long wait; 00:22:18.259 --> 00:22:21.259 and in it is an explanation of the virtue of waiting for the prayer, 00:22:21.259 --> 00:22:24.059 and an encouragement to exercise deliberation in affairs; 00:22:24.059 --> 00:22:29.420 and in it is that giving glad tidings to a Muslim with what pleases him is commendable and beloved, 00:22:29.420 --> 00:22:33.220 because it brings joy into the heart of a believer; 00:22:33.220 --> 00:22:39.019 and in it is the permissibility of rejoicing over glad tidings. 00:22:39.019 --> 00:22:43.630 Chapter: Sleeping Before 'Isha for One Who Is Overcome by Sleep. 00:22:43.630 --> 00:22:44.950 On the authority of Nafi', 00:22:44.950 --> 00:22:47.069 on the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar, 00:22:47.069 --> 00:22:50.109 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:22:50.109 --> 00:22:52.309 was occupied one night away from it, 00:22:52.309 --> 00:22:55.950 so he delayed it until we dozed off in the mosque, 00:22:55.950 --> 00:22:57.950 then we woke up, 00:22:57.950 --> 00:22:59.670 then we dozed off, 00:22:59.670 --> 00:23:01.710 then we woke up, 00:23:01.710 --> 00:23:06.069 and then the Prophet, peace be upon him, came out to us 00:23:06.069 --> 00:23:07.710 and said, 00:23:07.710 --> 00:23:13.119 "None of the people of the earth is waiting for the prayer except you." 00:23:13.119 --> 00:23:17.880 And Ibn 'Umar did not mind whether he performed it early or delayed it, 00:23:17.880 --> 00:23:22.480 as long as he did not fear being overcome by sleep past its time; 00:23:22.480 --> 00:23:25.779 and he used to nap before it. 00:23:25.779 --> 00:23:29.109 Commentary on the hadith: 00:23:29.109 --> 00:23:31.150 "He was occupied one night away from it," 00:23:31.150 --> 00:23:34.420 meaning: he was occupied away from the time of the 'Isha prayer. 00:23:34.420 --> 00:23:36.779 "Until we dozed off in the mosque," 00:23:36.779 --> 00:23:39.809 meaning: until we fell asleep in the mosque. 00:23:39.809 --> 00:23:44.369 "And Ibn 'Umar did not mind whether he performed it early or delayed it," 00:23:44.369 --> 00:23:45.730 meaning: he was indifferent 00:23:45.730 --> 00:23:48.049 to whether he prayed 'Isha early or delayed it, 00:23:48.049 --> 00:23:52.720 whenever he had no fear of being overcome by sleep beyond the time of 'Isha. 00:23:52.720 --> 00:23:53.839 "Except you" 00:23:53.839 --> 00:23:55.599 means: none besides you. 00:23:55.599 --> 00:23:57.799 "And he used to nap before it," 00:23:57.799 --> 00:24:01.309 meaning: he would sleep before the 'Isha prayer. 00:24:01.309 --> 00:24:04.970 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:24:04.970 --> 00:24:06.930 It is derived from the hadith 00:24:06.930 --> 00:24:10.609 that his customary practice, peace be upon him, 00:24:10.609 --> 00:24:13.690 was to perform the prayer early out of kindness to his Ummah, 00:24:13.690 --> 00:24:17.769 and to lift hardship from them caused by a long wait; 00:24:17.769 --> 00:24:21.130 and in it is the permissibility of sleeping before the 'Isha prayer 00:24:21.130 --> 00:24:25.130 for one who expects to wake up before its time elapses; 00:24:25.130 --> 00:24:28.529 and in it is the recommendation of delaying the 'Isha prayer [when appropriate], 00:24:28.529 --> 00:24:33.660 and the permissibility of sleeping in the mosque. 00:24:33.700 --> 00:24:36.500 And on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:24:36.500 --> 00:24:39.740 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delayed into the late night 00:24:39.740 --> 00:24:41.819 one night the 'Isha prayer, 00:24:41.819 --> 00:24:45.140 until the people slept and woke up, 00:24:45.140 --> 00:24:47.740 and slept and woke up. 00:24:47.740 --> 00:24:50.980 Then 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab stood up and said, 00:24:50.980 --> 00:24:52.630 "The prayer!" 00:24:52.630 --> 00:24:54.109 In another narration: 00:24:54.109 --> 00:24:57.190 "The women and children have gone to sleep!" 00:24:57.190 --> 00:25:01.150 Thereupon the Prophet of Allah, peace be upon him, came out— 00:25:01.150 --> 00:25:03.950 as if I am looking at him right now— 00:25:03.950 --> 00:25:06.509 with water dripping from his head, 00:25:06.509 --> 00:25:09.539 placing his hand upon his head, 00:25:09.539 --> 00:25:11.059 and he said: 00:25:11.059 --> 00:25:12.539 In another narration: 00:25:12.539 --> 00:25:14.819 "This indeed is its proper time, 00:25:14.819 --> 00:25:17.779 were it not that I would impose hardship upon my Ummah, 00:25:17.779 --> 00:25:22.319 I would have commanded them to pray it like this." 00:25:22.319 --> 00:25:25.700 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:25.700 --> 00:25:27.940 "With water dripping from his head," 00:25:27.940 --> 00:25:30.059 meaning: from performing ghusl. 00:25:30.099 --> 00:25:32.660 "Placing his hand upon his head," 00:25:32.660 --> 00:25:35.700 meaning: he parted his fingers slightly, 00:25:35.700 --> 00:25:39.779 then placed his fingertips on the crown of his head, 00:25:39.779 --> 00:25:42.940 then joined them together and passed them over his head, 00:25:42.940 --> 00:25:47.380 until his thumb touched the edge of the ear nearest the face, 00:25:47.380 --> 00:25:50.839 upon the temple and the side of the beard. 00:25:50.839 --> 00:25:54.079 "I would have commanded them to pray it like this," 00:25:54.079 --> 00:25:58.339 meaning: I would have commanded them to perform the prayer at this hour. 00:25:58.339 --> 00:26:01.859 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:26:01.859 --> 00:26:07.059 In the hadith is an indication that a light sleep does not invalidate ablution; 00:26:07.059 --> 00:26:11.740 and in it is the legitimacy of reminding the imam and the scholar of the prayer; 00:26:11.740 --> 00:26:15.940 and in the hadith is that if the imam delays coming out to his companions, 00:26:15.940 --> 00:26:19.819 or something occurs from him that he suspects might cause them hardship, 00:26:19.819 --> 00:26:23.210 he offers an apology to them and clarifies his excuse; 00:26:23.210 --> 00:26:27.250 and in it is the obligation to avert hardship from oneself and others; 00:26:27.289 --> 00:26:30.170 and in it is the permissibility of sleeping in the mosque; 00:26:30.170 --> 00:26:36.140 and in it is the recommendation of delaying the 'Isha prayer. 00:26:36.140 --> 00:26:40.650 Chapter: The Time of 'Isha Up to the Middle of the Night. 00:26:40.650 --> 00:26:42.809 On the authority of Humayd, who said: 00:26:42.809 --> 00:26:45.130 Anas Ibn Malik was asked, 00:26:45.130 --> 00:26:50.170 "Did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, wear a ring?" 00:26:50.170 --> 00:26:52.220 He replied, "Yes. 00:26:52.220 --> 00:26:56.660 One night he delayed the 'Isha prayer until the middle of the night, 00:26:56.660 --> 00:27:00.819 then he turned his face toward us after he had prayed, 00:27:00.819 --> 00:27:02.220 and said, 00:27:02.220 --> 00:27:04.660 'The people have prayed and gone to sleep, 00:27:04.660 --> 00:27:09.660 but you have continuously remained in prayer for as long as you waited for it.'" 00:27:09.660 --> 00:27:10.859 He said, 00:27:10.859 --> 00:27:15.369 "It is as if I am looking at the glistening of his ring." 00:27:15.369 --> 00:27:18.720 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:18.720 --> 00:27:21.930 "The middle of the night" means half of the night. 00:27:21.930 --> 00:27:24.289 "The people have prayed and gone to sleep": 00:27:24.289 --> 00:27:26.769 what is meant are those who were not present, 00:27:26.769 --> 00:27:31.220 namely those who prayed in their homes or the mosques of their tribes. 00:27:31.220 --> 00:27:33.299 "For as long as you waited for it," 00:27:33.299 --> 00:27:35.819 meaning: throughout the duration of your waiting. 00:27:35.819 --> 00:27:37.539 "The glistening of his ring," 00:27:37.539 --> 00:27:40.470 meaning: its shine and luster. 00:27:40.470 --> 00:27:44.170 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:27:44.170 --> 00:27:46.210 It is derived from the hadith 00:27:46.210 --> 00:27:49.009 that wearing a ring is permissible; 00:27:49.009 --> 00:27:52.130 and in it is an explanation of the virtue of waiting for the prayer; 00:27:52.130 --> 00:27:54.890 and that asking questions is the key to knowledge; 00:27:54.930 --> 00:28:01.009 and in it is the recommendation of delaying the 'Isha prayer. 00:28:01.009 --> 00:28:04.450 Chapter: The Virtue of the Fajr Prayer. 00:28:04.450 --> 00:28:06.210 On the authority of Abu Musa, 00:28:06.210 --> 00:28:10.650 that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:28:10.650 --> 00:28:14.950 "Whoever prays the two cool prayers shall enter Paradise." 00:28:14.950 --> 00:28:18.299 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:18.299 --> 00:28:20.099 "Prays the two cool prayers": 00:28:20.099 --> 00:28:21.299 the two cool prayers 00:28:21.299 --> 00:28:23.019 are Fajr and 'Asr. 00:28:23.019 --> 00:28:24.660 They were so named 00:28:24.660 --> 00:28:28.579 because they are performed during the cooler parts of the day. 00:28:28.619 --> 00:28:32.140 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:28:32.140 --> 00:28:34.180 It is derived from the hadith 00:28:34.180 --> 00:28:37.420 an explanation of the virtue of the 'Asr and Fajr prayers; 00:28:37.420 --> 00:28:44.900 and in it is an encouragement to maintain the 'Asr and Fajr prayers regularly. 00:28:44.900 --> 00:28:47.460 Chapter: The Time of Fajr. 00:28:47.460 --> 00:28:49.299 On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, 00:28:49.299 --> 00:28:52.299 that Zayd Ibn Thabit narrated to him 00:28:52.299 --> 00:28:56.940 that they ate the pre-dawn meal (suhur) with the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:28:56.940 --> 00:28:59.690 and then they stood up for the prayer. 00:29:00.450 --> 00:29:02.329 [Anas asked,] "How much time was there between the two?" 00:29:02.329 --> 00:29:03.450 He replied, 00:29:03.450 --> 00:29:06.410 "The measure of fifty or sixty," 00:29:06.410 --> 00:29:09.140 meaning verses. 00:29:09.140 --> 00:29:12.299 Commentary on the hadith: 00:29:12.299 --> 00:29:13.779 "They ate the pre-dawn meal (suhur)," 00:29:13.779 --> 00:29:17.460 meaning: the meal of suhur for one intending to fast. 00:29:17.460 --> 00:29:19.140 "How much time was there between the two?" 00:29:19.140 --> 00:29:24.230 meaning: how long was the duration between suhur and the start of the time for the morning prayer. 00:29:24.230 --> 00:29:26.710 "The measure of fifty or sixty," 00:29:26.710 --> 00:29:28.589 meaning: the span of time 00:29:28.630 --> 00:29:32.859 equivalent to reciting fifty or sixty verses. 00:29:32.859 --> 00:29:36.420 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:29:36.420 --> 00:29:38.660 It is derived from the hadith 00:29:38.660 --> 00:29:41.660 that the Companions narrated from one another, 00:29:41.660 --> 00:29:43.660 and all of them are upright and trustworthy; 00:29:43.660 --> 00:29:49.029 and in it is the recommendation of delaying the suhur meal. 00:29:49.029 --> 00:29:51.670 On the authority of Sahl Ibn Sa'd, who said: 00:29:51.670 --> 00:29:54.309 "I used to eat the pre-dawn meal (suhur) among my family, 00:29:54.309 --> 00:29:56.750 and then I would have to hurry 00:29:56.789 --> 00:30:03.180 to catch the Fajr prayer with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:30:03.180 --> 00:30:06.420 Commentary on the hadith: 00:30:06.420 --> 00:30:08.940 "Hurry" means rushing. 00:30:08.940 --> 00:30:11.960 "Catch" means to join in time. 00:30:11.960 --> 00:30:15.500 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:30:15.500 --> 00:30:17.579 It is derived from the hadith 00:30:17.579 --> 00:30:21.460 an explanation of the virtue of eating the suhur meal for one intending to fast; 00:30:21.460 --> 00:30:24.099 and in it is the virtue of the congregational prayer, 00:30:24.099 --> 00:30:27.460 and the recommendation of arriving early for the congregational prayer.