1 00:00:00,020 --> 00:00:03,740 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:03,740 --> 00:00:13,240 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 3 00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:17,739 The Abridgment of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 4 00:00:17,739 --> 00:00:22,929 Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-'Azimi, 5 00:00:23,089 --> 00:00:25,089 May Allah preserve him. 6 00:00:25,089 --> 00:00:32,020 Were the fortresses of al-Katibah conquered by peaceful treaty? 7 00:00:33,539 --> 00:00:38,039 The scholars of the Prophetic biography (Seerah) and military campaigns differed regarding the fortresses of al-Katibah: 8 00:00:38,039 --> 00:00:42,240 Were they taken peacefully by treaty, or was there fighting over them? 9 00:00:42,240 --> 00:00:46,240 Abu Dawud reported in his Sunan with an authentic chain of transmission 10 00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:50,329 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 11 00:00:50,329 --> 00:00:54,329 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) raided Khaybar, 12 00:00:54,329 --> 00:00:58,429 And we took it by force, so the captives were gathered." 13 00:00:58,429 --> 00:01:03,929 Abu Dawud also reported in his Sunan with an authentic chain to al-Zuhri, who said: 14 00:01:03,929 --> 00:01:07,930 "It reached me that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 15 00:01:07,930 --> 00:01:11,430 Conquered Khaybar by force after fighting, 16 00:01:11,430 --> 00:01:16,430 And those of its people who surrendered did so on the condition of evacuation after the fighting." 17 00:01:16,430 --> 00:01:21,719 And Abu Dawud reported in his Sunan with an authentic mursal chain 18 00:01:21,719 --> 00:01:24,810 On the authority of Bashir ibn Yasar, who said: 19 00:01:24,810 --> 00:01:29,810 "When Allah granted Khaybar to His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) as spoils, 20 00:01:29,810 --> 00:01:33,810 He divided it into thirty-six shares, 21 00:01:33,810 --> 00:01:36,879 Each share encompassing one hundred sub-shares. 22 00:01:36,879 --> 00:01:40,879 He set aside half of it for his contingencies and whatever obligations befell him— 23 00:01:40,879 --> 00:01:44,879 Namely al-Watihah, al-Katibah, and whatever was annexed along with them— 24 00:01:44,879 --> 00:01:49,939 And he set aside the other half and divided it among the Muslims, 25 00:01:49,939 --> 00:01:53,939 Namely al-Shiqq, al-Natat, and whatever was annexed along with them. 26 00:01:53,939 --> 00:01:57,939 And the share of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 27 00:01:57,939 --> 00:01:59,939 Was included in what was annexed along with the latter." 28 00:01:59,939 --> 00:02:02,069 Imam al-Bayhaqi said: 29 00:02:02,069 --> 00:02:08,069 "This is because part of Khaybar was conquered by force and part of it by peaceful treaty; 30 00:02:08,069 --> 00:02:13,069 Thus, he divided what was conquered by force between the recipients of the fifth and the warriors who took the spoils, 31 00:02:13,069 --> 00:02:16,069 While he reserved what was conquered by treaty for his administrative contingencies 32 00:02:16,069 --> 00:02:21,069 And whatever was needed for the public welfare of the Muslims. And Allah knows best." 33 00:02:21,069 --> 00:02:26,259 Imam Muslim reported in his Sahih and Abu Dawud in his Sunan, 34 00:02:26,259 --> 00:02:29,319 With the wording belonging to Abu Dawud, 35 00:02:29,319 --> 00:02:33,319 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 36 00:02:33,319 --> 00:02:35,319 "When Khaybar was conquered, 37 00:02:35,319 --> 00:02:39,319 The Jews requested the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 38 00:02:39,319 --> 00:02:44,319 To allow them to remain therein on the condition that they work it for half of whatever it produced. 39 00:02:44,319 --> 00:02:48,319 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 40 00:02:48,319 --> 00:02:52,319 'I let you remain therein on that condition for as long as we wish.' 41 00:02:52,319 --> 00:02:54,319 So they continued upon that agreement. 42 00:02:54,319 --> 00:02:58,319 The dates used to be divided into portions from half of Khaybar, 43 00:02:58,319 --> 00:03:03,520 And the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would take the one-fifth share." 44 00:03:03,520 --> 00:03:05,520 Imam al-Nawawi said: 45 00:03:05,520 --> 00:03:09,520 "This demonstrates that Khaybar was conquered by force, 46 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:12,520 Because shares of spoils belong solely to the victorious fighters. 47 00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:17,610 As for the statement, 'and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) would take the fifth,' 48 00:03:17,610 --> 00:03:20,610 It means he would distribute it to its rightful recipients, 49 00:03:20,610 --> 00:03:24,610 Who are the five categories mentioned in the words of the Exalted: 50 00:03:24,610 --> 00:03:28,740 'And know that whatever spoils you take, 51 00:03:28,740 --> 00:03:36,740 To Allah belongs one-fifth of it, and to the Messenger, and for the near relatives, the orphans, the needy, and the stranded traveler.' 52 00:03:36,740 --> 00:03:40,740 Thus, he would take for his own maintenance one-fifth of that fifth, 53 00:03:40,740 --> 00:03:43,740 And disperse the remaining portions of the fifth 54 00:03:43,740 --> 00:03:46,740 To the other four categories." 55 00:03:46,740 --> 00:03:48,800 Imam Ibn al-Qayyim said: 56 00:03:48,800 --> 00:03:53,900 "The undeniably correct view is that it was taken by force. 57 00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:56,900 The ruler has the discretion regarding land seized by force 58 00:03:56,900 --> 00:03:59,900 Between distributing it and retaining it as an endowment, 59 00:03:59,900 --> 00:04:02,900 Or distributing part of it and endowing the rest. 60 00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:08,219 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) indeed implemented all three forms: 61 00:04:08,219 --> 00:04:11,219 He divided the lands of Qurayzah and al-Nadir, 62 00:04:11,219 --> 00:04:13,219 He did not divide Mecca, 63 00:04:13,219 --> 00:04:15,219 And he divided half of Khaybar 64 00:04:15,219 --> 00:04:17,220 While leaving its other half." 65 00:04:17,220 --> 00:04:21,350 Abu Dawud and Ibn Hibban reported with an authentic chain, 66 00:04:21,350 --> 00:04:23,350 The wording being that of Ibn Hibban, 67 00:04:23,350 --> 00:04:27,480 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 68 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:30,480 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 69 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:32,480 Fought the people of Khaybar 70 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:35,480 Until he forced them into their fortress, 71 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:38,480 Gaining control over the land, crops, and date palms. 72 00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:41,480 They then made a treaty with him on the condition that they evacuate it, 73 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:44,480 Keeping only what their mounts could carry, 74 00:04:44,480 --> 00:04:47,480 While to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) belonged 75 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:49,480 The gold and silver, 76 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:51,480 And that they would depart from it. 77 00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:53,480 He stipulated that they must not conceal 78 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:56,480 Nor hide anything away; 79 00:04:56,480 --> 00:05:00,509 If they did so, they would forfeit all protection and immunity. 80 00:05:00,509 --> 00:05:03,509 But they hid a leather bag containing wealth and jewelry 81 00:05:03,509 --> 00:05:05,509 Belonging to Huyayy ibn Akhtab, 82 00:05:05,509 --> 00:05:08,509 Which he had carried with him to Khaybar 83 00:05:08,509 --> 00:05:10,569 When Banu al-Nadir were expelled. 84 00:05:10,569 --> 00:05:13,569 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked 85 00:05:13,569 --> 00:05:15,569 Huyayy's paternal uncle: 86 00:05:15,569 --> 00:05:17,569 'What happened to the leather bag of Huyayy 87 00:05:17,569 --> 00:05:20,569 That he brought from al-Nadir?' 88 00:05:20,569 --> 00:05:21,569 He replied: 89 00:05:21,569 --> 00:05:24,569 'Living expenses and wars have consumed it.' 90 00:05:24,569 --> 00:05:28,600 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 91 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:30,600 'The time was too recent, 92 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:32,600 And the wealth was far greater than that.' 93 00:05:32,600 --> 00:05:36,670 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) handed him over 94 00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:39,670 To al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), 95 00:05:39,670 --> 00:05:41,670 Who subjected him to interrogation through punishment. 96 00:05:41,670 --> 00:05:45,670 Prior to that, Huyayy had been seen entering a ruined site, 97 00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:47,670 So someone said: 98 00:05:47,670 --> 00:05:51,670 'I saw Huyayy circumambulating in a ruin over here.' 99 00:05:51,670 --> 00:05:53,670 They went and searched around, 100 00:05:53,670 --> 00:05:56,730 And found the leather bag in a ruin. 101 00:05:56,730 --> 00:05:59,730 Consequently, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) executed 102 00:05:59,730 --> 00:06:01,730 The two sons of Abi al-Huqayq, 103 00:06:01,730 --> 00:06:03,730 One of whom was the husband of Safiyyah 104 00:06:03,730 --> 00:06:05,730 Daughter of Huyayy ibn Akhtab. 105 00:06:05,730 --> 00:06:09,730 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took captives, 106 00:06:09,730 --> 00:06:12,730 Divided their women and offspring, 107 00:06:12,730 --> 00:06:14,730 And distributed their wealth 108 00:06:14,730 --> 00:06:16,730 Due to the breach of treaty they committed. 109 00:06:16,730 --> 00:06:19,730 He intended to expel them from it, 110 00:06:19,730 --> 00:06:21,730 But they said: 'O Muhammad, 111 00:06:21,730 --> 00:06:26,889 Leave us in this land to cultivate it and care for it.' 112 00:06:26,889 --> 00:06:30,889 Neither the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 113 00:06:30,889 --> 00:06:34,889 Nor his Companions possessed laborers to tend to it, 114 00:06:34,889 --> 00:06:37,920 Nor did they have the spare time to look after it themselves. 115 00:06:37,920 --> 00:06:43,920 So he granted Khaybar to them on the condition that they receive half of all crops, date palms, and produce, 116 00:06:43,920 --> 00:06:48,209 For as long as the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) saw fit." 117 00:06:48,209 --> 00:06:51,209 Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said: 118 00:06:51,209 --> 00:06:54,209 "This shows that it was originally taken by treaty, 119 00:06:54,209 --> 00:06:56,209 But the treaty was subsequently breached, 120 00:06:56,209 --> 00:06:58,209 So it became a conquest by force; 121 00:06:58,209 --> 00:07:02,209 Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) took its fifth 122 00:07:02,209 --> 00:07:04,370 And distributed it." 123 00:07:04,370 --> 00:07:06,370 The Abridgment 124 00:07:06,370 --> 00:07:08,370 Of the Prophetic Biography (Seerah). 125 00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:15,370 Though the world’s yearning for one another may endure, 126 00:07:15,370 --> 00:07:21,370 The yearning for you exceeds all bounds. 127 00:07:21,370 --> 00:07:29,199 May Allah send blessings upon you as long as the call to prayer is raised 128 00:07:29,199 --> 00:07:36,939 And lips move in lasting remembrance.