1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,600 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:04,339 --> 00:00:06,419 Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,419 --> 00:00:09,619 For Humanistic Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,619 --> 00:00:11,939 Presents 5 00:00:11,939 --> 00:00:17,629 Summary of Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:17,629 --> 00:00:21,600 Chapter: Killing the Sleeping Polytheist. 7 00:00:21,600 --> 00:00:24,559 Narrated al-Bara' ibn 'Azib: 8 00:00:24,559 --> 00:00:30,079 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent a group of men from the Ansar to Abu Rafi', the Jew. 9 00:00:30,079 --> 00:00:32,399 A group of men from the Ansar, 10 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:36,030 And he appointed 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik as their leader. 11 00:00:36,030 --> 00:00:42,590 Abu Rafi' used to harm the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) and incite others against him, 12 00:00:42,590 --> 00:00:46,109 And he lived in a fortress of his in the land of Hijaz. 13 00:00:46,109 --> 00:00:49,710 When they approached it, the sun had set, 14 00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:52,350 And the people were returning home with their livestock. 15 00:00:52,350 --> 00:00:54,909 'Abdullah said to his companions: 16 00:00:54,909 --> 00:00:57,070 "Stay where you are, 17 00:00:57,070 --> 00:01:00,670 For I am going and will act gently with the gatekeeper, 18 00:01:00,750 --> 00:01:03,070 So that I might manage to enter." 19 00:01:03,070 --> 00:01:05,870 So he went forward until he approached the gate, 20 00:01:05,870 --> 00:01:09,709 Then he covered himself with his garment as if he were relieving himself. 21 00:01:09,709 --> 00:01:11,709 The people had already entered, 22 00:01:11,709 --> 00:01:13,709 So the gatekeeper called out to him: 23 00:01:13,709 --> 00:01:15,230 "O servant of Allah, 24 00:01:15,230 --> 00:01:18,510 If you wish to enter, then enter, 25 00:01:18,510 --> 00:01:21,629 For I want to lock the gate." 26 00:01:21,629 --> 00:01:23,870 "So I entered and hid myself. 27 00:01:23,870 --> 00:01:27,310 When the people entered, he locked the gate 28 00:01:27,310 --> 00:01:30,590 And hung the keys on a peg." 29 00:01:30,750 --> 00:01:31,790 He said: 30 00:01:31,790 --> 00:01:34,909 "I went over to the keys, took them, 31 00:01:34,909 --> 00:01:36,989 And opened the door. 32 00:01:36,989 --> 00:01:39,950 Abu Rafi' used to spend his evenings staying up late talking, 33 00:01:39,950 --> 00:01:42,750 In an upper chamber of his. 34 00:01:42,750 --> 00:01:45,310 So when those who stayed up with him departed, 35 00:01:45,310 --> 00:01:46,909 I climbed up to him. 36 00:01:46,909 --> 00:01:49,629 Whenever I opened a door, 37 00:01:49,629 --> 00:01:52,430 I locked it behind me from the inside, 38 00:01:52,430 --> 00:01:55,310 Saying to myself, 'If the people discover me, 39 00:01:55,310 --> 00:01:58,750 They will not reach me until I have killed him.' 40 00:01:58,750 --> 00:02:00,430 So I reached him, 41 00:02:00,430 --> 00:02:04,030 And he was in a dark room among his family. 42 00:02:04,030 --> 00:02:06,829 I did not know where he was in the house, 43 00:02:06,829 --> 00:02:07,950 So I called out, 44 00:02:07,950 --> 00:02:09,870 'O Abu Rafi'!' 45 00:02:09,870 --> 00:02:12,189 He said, 'Who is that?' 46 00:02:12,189 --> 00:02:14,189 So I made for the voice 47 00:02:14,189 --> 00:02:17,949 And struck him a blow with the sword while I was flustered, 48 00:02:17,949 --> 00:02:20,349 But I did not accomplish anything. 49 00:02:20,349 --> 00:02:21,469 He screamed, 50 00:02:21,469 --> 00:02:23,469 So I left the room, 51 00:02:23,469 --> 00:02:25,469 And waited a short distance away. 52 00:02:25,469 --> 00:02:28,030 Then I went back in to him and said, 53 00:02:28,030 --> 00:02:31,069 'What is this noise, O Abu Rafi'?' 54 00:02:31,069 --> 00:02:32,270 He said, 55 00:02:32,270 --> 00:02:33,870 'Woe to your mother! 56 00:02:33,870 --> 00:02:37,870 A man in the house just struck me with a sword!' 57 00:02:37,870 --> 00:02:38,990 He said: 58 00:02:38,990 --> 00:02:43,069 'So I struck him a severe blow that wounded him deeply, but I did not kill him. 59 00:02:43,069 --> 00:02:46,030 Then I pressed the point of the sword into his belly, 60 00:02:46,030 --> 00:02:48,430 Until it came out through his back, 61 00:02:48,430 --> 00:02:50,990 And I knew that I had killed him. 62 00:02:50,990 --> 00:02:54,669 So I began opening the doors one by one, 63 00:02:54,669 --> 00:02:57,310 Until I reached a staircase of his. 64 00:02:57,310 --> 00:03:02,030 I put my foot down thinking I had reached the ground, 65 00:03:02,030 --> 00:03:04,830 But I fell on a moonlit night, 66 00:03:04,830 --> 00:03:06,909 And my leg was broken. 67 00:03:06,909 --> 00:03:08,990 So I wrapped it with a turban, 68 00:03:08,990 --> 00:03:12,430 Then I went on until I sat at the gate, 69 00:03:12,430 --> 00:03:13,629 Saying, 70 00:03:13,629 --> 00:03:17,870 "I will not leave tonight until I know whether I have killed him." 71 00:03:17,870 --> 00:03:19,789 When the rooster crowed, 72 00:03:19,789 --> 00:03:21,870 The announcer of death stood on the wall 73 00:03:21,870 --> 00:03:23,150 And called out, 74 00:03:23,229 --> 00:03:27,469 "I announce the death of Abu Rafi', the merchant of the people of Hijaz!" 75 00:03:27,469 --> 00:03:30,189 So I went to my companions and said, 76 00:03:30,189 --> 00:03:31,550 "Escape! 77 00:03:31,550 --> 00:03:34,699 For Allah has killed Abu Rafi'!" 78 00:03:34,699 --> 00:03:37,900 Then I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 79 00:03:37,900 --> 00:03:39,580 And told him the story. 80 00:03:39,580 --> 00:03:40,780 He said: 81 00:03:40,780 --> 00:03:42,539 "Stretch out your leg." 82 00:03:42,539 --> 00:03:45,500 So I stretched out my leg, and he wiped over it, 83 00:03:45,500 --> 00:03:49,780 And it was as if I had never suffered any pain from it.'" 84 00:03:49,780 --> 00:03:53,300 Commentary on the hadith: 85 00:03:53,379 --> 00:03:55,780 "Sent" means dispatched. 86 00:03:55,780 --> 00:03:58,419 Abu Rafi' is 'Abdullah, 87 00:03:58,419 --> 00:04:02,020 And it is also said Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq. 88 00:04:02,020 --> 00:04:05,139 The men included Abu Qatadah, 89 00:04:05,139 --> 00:04:06,979 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik, 90 00:04:06,979 --> 00:04:08,819 'Abdullah ibn 'Utbah, 91 00:04:08,819 --> 00:04:10,819 'Abdullah ibn Unays, 92 00:04:10,819 --> 00:04:12,900 Al-Aswad ibn Khuza'i, 93 00:04:12,900 --> 00:04:14,819 Mas'ud ibn Sinan, 94 00:04:14,819 --> 00:04:18,660 And 'Abdullah ibn 'Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with them). 95 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:20,300 "He appointed over them" 96 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:22,980 Means he made him a commander over them. 97 00:04:22,980 --> 00:04:25,860 "He incites" means he assists. 98 00:04:25,860 --> 00:04:28,339 "Approached" means they drew near. 99 00:04:28,339 --> 00:04:30,660 "And the people were returning home with their livestock" 100 00:04:30,660 --> 00:04:33,939 Means they were returning with their cattle from the pasture. 101 00:04:33,939 --> 00:04:35,379 "Act gently" 102 00:04:35,379 --> 00:04:38,980 Means he acts kindly towards him and speaks softly to him. 103 00:04:38,980 --> 00:04:40,819 "Covered himself with his garment" 104 00:04:40,819 --> 00:04:42,579 Means he wrapped himself up. 105 00:04:42,579 --> 00:04:43,860 "He called out to him" 106 00:04:43,860 --> 00:04:46,100 Means he shouted out to urge me. 107 00:04:46,100 --> 00:04:47,139 "So I hid myself" 108 00:04:47,139 --> 00:04:48,899 Means I concealed myself. 109 00:04:48,899 --> 00:04:50,339 "The locks" 110 00:04:50,339 --> 00:04:52,899 Means the devices used to lock doors. 111 00:04:52,899 --> 00:04:54,259 "The keys" 112 00:04:54,259 --> 00:04:56,100 Means the instruments used for unlocking. 113 00:04:56,100 --> 00:04:57,300 "Staying up late" 114 00:04:57,300 --> 00:05:00,100 Evening conversation is talking at night. 115 00:05:00,100 --> 00:05:01,459 "In an upper chamber" 116 00:05:01,459 --> 00:05:03,779 Means in a high room. 117 00:05:03,779 --> 00:05:05,220 "They discover me" 118 00:05:05,220 --> 00:05:08,339 Means they become aware of me and take precautions against me. 119 00:05:08,339 --> 00:05:09,620 "They will not reach" 120 00:05:09,620 --> 00:05:11,459 Means they will not get to me. 121 00:05:11,459 --> 00:05:12,980 "So I reached him" 122 00:05:12,980 --> 00:05:15,060 Means I arrived at his location. 123 00:05:15,060 --> 00:05:17,019 "So I made for the voice" 124 00:05:17,019 --> 00:05:19,139 Means I moved toward it. 125 00:05:19,139 --> 00:05:20,019 "Flustered" 126 00:05:20,019 --> 00:05:21,939 Means confused and unsettled. 127 00:05:21,939 --> 00:05:23,939 "I did not accomplish anything" 128 00:05:23,939 --> 00:05:25,779 Means I did not kill him. 129 00:05:25,779 --> 00:05:26,819 "So I waited" 130 00:05:26,819 --> 00:05:28,660 Means I tarried. 131 00:05:28,660 --> 00:05:29,860 "Woe" 132 00:05:29,860 --> 00:05:34,660 A word said to someone who has fallen into a deserved doom. 133 00:05:34,660 --> 00:05:35,860 "I wounded him deeply" 134 00:05:35,860 --> 00:05:38,579 Means I inflicted a severe wound on him. 135 00:05:38,579 --> 00:05:40,100 "The point of the sword" 136 00:05:40,100 --> 00:05:42,500 Means the sharp tip of the blade. 137 00:05:42,500 --> 00:05:44,579 "Until it came out through his back" 138 00:05:44,579 --> 00:05:48,019 An expression denoting the depth and severity of the thrust. 139 00:05:48,019 --> 00:05:49,139 "I reached" 140 00:05:49,139 --> 00:05:50,660 Means I arrived at. 141 00:05:50,660 --> 00:05:51,699 "A staircase" 142 00:05:51,699 --> 00:05:54,899 Means a slightly elevated step. 143 00:05:54,899 --> 00:05:56,899 "On a moonlit night" 144 00:05:56,899 --> 00:05:59,459 Means on a bright night. 145 00:05:59,459 --> 00:06:01,540 "So I wrapped it with a turban" 146 00:06:01,540 --> 00:06:05,300 Means I bound my leg with a piece of cloth from the turban. 147 00:06:05,300 --> 00:06:07,139 "When the rooster crowed" 148 00:06:07,139 --> 00:06:09,620 What is intended is the onset of dawn. 149 00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:10,980 "The announcer of death" 150 00:06:10,980 --> 00:06:13,889 Announcing death is conveying news of a decease. 151 00:06:13,889 --> 00:06:16,050 "So I went to my companions" 152 00:06:16,050 --> 00:06:18,209 Means I returned to them. 153 00:06:18,209 --> 00:06:19,569 "Escape" 154 00:06:19,649 --> 00:06:23,490 A command to make haste for safety and deliverance. 155 00:06:23,490 --> 00:06:24,689 "So I arrived" 156 00:06:24,689 --> 00:06:26,370 Means I reached. 157 00:06:26,370 --> 00:06:27,810 "Stretch out your leg" 158 00:06:27,810 --> 00:06:29,569 Means extend it. 159 00:06:29,569 --> 00:06:32,290 "And it was as if I had never suffered any pain from it" 160 00:06:32,290 --> 00:06:36,019 Means as if it had never felt pain before. 161 00:06:36,019 --> 00:06:39,860 Among the benefits of the hadith: 162 00:06:39,860 --> 00:06:41,860 It is derived from the hadith 163 00:06:41,860 --> 00:06:49,220 That matters of Shar'i policy, such as combat, targeted assassination, and the like, are subject to the authorization of the Imam. 164 00:06:49,300 --> 00:06:54,259 It also shows that whoever harms the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in word or deed 165 00:06:54,259 --> 00:06:56,180 Deserves to be killed. 166 00:06:56,180 --> 00:06:59,779 It shows the permissibility of spying on the polytheists. 167 00:06:59,779 --> 00:07:03,459 It shows the use of trickery and strategy in war. 168 00:07:03,459 --> 00:07:06,339 It shows the permissibility of launching a night raid on a polytheist. 169 00:07:06,339 --> 00:07:12,180 It shows taking a firm stance in war and confronting a large number of polytheists. 170 00:07:12,180 --> 00:07:16,180 It shows the permissibility of meeting the enemy alone out of necessity, 171 00:07:16,259 --> 00:07:20,100 And that this is not considered throwing oneself into destruction. 172 00:07:20,100 --> 00:07:24,100 It shows the validity of judging by circumstantial evidence and indicators. 173 00:07:24,100 --> 00:07:27,459 It shows the permissibility of acting upon strong probability. 174 00:07:27,459 --> 00:07:31,860 The hadith contains a miracle of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 175 00:07:31,860 --> 00:07:36,579 Which is the healing of the foot of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik (may Allah be pleased with him). 176 00:07:36,579 --> 00:07:41,060 It contains guidance toward seeking certainty and verifying news. 177 00:07:41,060 --> 00:07:46,579 It shows the permissibility of using ambiguous speech for an overriding benefit. 178 00:07:47,379 --> 00:07:49,920 War is deception. 179 00:07:49,920 --> 00:07:52,560 Narrated Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him): 180 00:07:52,560 --> 00:07:56,800 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 181 00:07:56,800 --> 00:08:00,480 "When Chosroes perishes, there will be no Chosroes after him, 182 00:08:00,480 --> 00:08:04,639 And when Caesar perishes, there will be no Caesar after him. 183 00:08:04,639 --> 00:08:06,720 By Him in Whose Hand my soul is, 184 00:08:06,720 --> 00:08:10,750 Their treasures will surely be spent in the cause of Allah." 185 00:08:10,750 --> 00:08:12,189 In another narration: 186 00:08:12,189 --> 00:08:15,470 "And their treasures will surely be distributed." 187 00:08:15,550 --> 00:08:18,819 Commentary on the hadith: 188 00:08:18,819 --> 00:08:21,220 "Perishes" means dies. 189 00:08:21,220 --> 00:08:23,939 "Chosroes" is the king of Persia. 190 00:08:23,939 --> 00:08:26,740 "Caesar" is the king of the Romans. 191 00:08:26,740 --> 00:08:28,259 "Their treasures" 192 00:08:28,259 --> 00:08:31,139 A treasure is buried wealth, 193 00:08:31,139 --> 00:08:35,330 And it applies to wealth that is collected and saved. 194 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:39,179 Among the benefits of the hadith: 195 00:08:39,179 --> 00:08:41,820 The hadith is among the signs of prophethood, 196 00:08:41,820 --> 00:08:44,460 For the lands of Persia and Rome were conquered 197 00:08:44,460 --> 00:08:46,700 And their wealth was taken as spoils. 198 00:08:46,860 --> 00:08:49,659 The hadith points to a cosmic law, 199 00:08:49,659 --> 00:08:52,700 Namely, that Persia and Byzantium, after their destruction, 200 00:08:52,700 --> 00:08:56,620 will never again rise as formidable powers as they once were. 201 00:08:56,620 --> 00:09:01,980 The hadith also contains an allusion to the virtue of spending in the cause of Allah Almighty, 202 00:09:01,980 --> 00:09:07,679 as well as an indication of the condemnation of hoarding wealth. 203 00:09:07,679 --> 00:09:11,120 On the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 204 00:09:11,120 --> 00:09:16,159 The Prophet (peace be upon him) called war deception. 205 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:20,480 And on the authority of Jabir ibn 'Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 206 00:09:20,480 --> 00:09:23,840 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 207 00:09:23,840 --> 00:09:26,450 "War is deception." 208 00:09:26,450 --> 00:09:29,899 Commentary on the hadith: 209 00:09:29,899 --> 00:09:34,299 "War is deception" means using strategems and tactics; 210 00:09:34,299 --> 00:09:39,460 for if one is deceived in war even once, he may be ruined and perish. 211 00:09:39,460 --> 00:09:43,330 Among the benefits of the hadith: 212 00:09:43,330 --> 00:09:45,330 It is derived from the hadith: 213 00:09:45,330 --> 00:09:48,450 The permissibility of employing tactics and trickery in war. 214 00:09:48,450 --> 00:09:55,149 The hadith also highlights the importance of mastering deception in warfare. 215 00:09:55,149 --> 00:09:59,149 Chapter: What is disliked regarding dispute and disagreement during war, 216 00:09:59,149 --> 00:10:02,960 and the punishment for one who disobeys his leader. 217 00:10:02,960 --> 00:10:05,120 On the authority of Sa'id ibn Abi Burdah, 218 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:07,120 from his father, who said: 219 00:10:07,120 --> 00:10:13,519 The Prophet (peace be upon him) dispatched his grandfather, Abu Musa, and Mu'adh to Yemen, 220 00:10:13,519 --> 00:10:14,720 and he instructed them: 221 00:10:14,720 --> 00:10:17,200 "Make things easy, and do not make them difficult; 222 00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:19,679 bring glad tidings, and do not repel people; 223 00:10:19,840 --> 00:10:22,000 and cooperate with one another." 224 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:23,200 In another narration: 225 00:10:23,200 --> 00:10:26,460 "And cooperate with one another, and do not differ." 226 00:10:26,460 --> 00:10:28,539 Thereupon, Abu Musa said: 227 00:10:28,539 --> 00:10:30,299 "O Prophet of Allah, 228 00:10:30,299 --> 00:10:33,419 in our land there is a beverage made from barley, 229 00:10:33,419 --> 00:10:34,700 known as *al-mizr*, 230 00:10:34,700 --> 00:10:36,779 and a beverage made from honey, 231 00:10:36,779 --> 00:10:38,419 known as *al-bit'*." 232 00:10:38,419 --> 00:10:39,700 He (peace be upon him) replied: 233 00:10:39,700 --> 00:10:42,179 "Every intoxicant is unlawful." 234 00:10:42,179 --> 00:10:43,700 So they both set out. 235 00:10:43,700 --> 00:10:46,500 Then Mu'adh asked Abu Musa: 236 00:10:46,500 --> 00:10:48,820 "How do you recite the Qur'an?" 237 00:10:48,899 --> 00:10:49,940 He replied: 238 00:10:49,940 --> 00:10:51,940 "Standing, sitting, 239 00:10:51,940 --> 00:10:54,019 and while upon my mount, 240 00:10:54,019 --> 00:10:57,149 reciting it regularly in installments." 241 00:10:57,149 --> 00:10:58,190 Mu'adh said: 242 00:10:58,190 --> 00:11:01,149 "As for me, I sleep and I stand in night prayer, 243 00:11:01,149 --> 00:11:05,389 and I seek reward for my sleep just as I seek reward for my night prayer." 244 00:11:05,389 --> 00:11:07,470 And he pitched a tent, 245 00:11:07,470 --> 00:11:09,950 so they began visiting each other. 246 00:11:09,950 --> 00:11:12,750 Thus, Mu'adh visited Abu Musa, 247 00:11:12,750 --> 00:11:15,070 and suddenly he saw a man who was bound. 248 00:11:15,070 --> 00:11:17,629 He asked: "What is this?" 249 00:11:17,629 --> 00:11:19,629 Abu Musa replied: 250 00:11:19,629 --> 00:11:22,990 "A Jew who embraced Islam and then apostatized." 251 00:11:22,990 --> 00:11:24,590 Mu'adh said: 252 00:11:24,590 --> 00:11:27,100 "I shall strike his neck!" 253 00:11:27,100 --> 00:11:28,539 In another narration: 254 00:11:28,539 --> 00:11:31,259 "I will not sit down until he is executed; 255 00:11:31,259 --> 00:11:33,580 it is the decree of Allah and His Messenger!" 256 00:11:33,580 --> 00:11:35,340 He repeated this three times, 257 00:11:35,340 --> 00:11:38,909 so he gave the command, and the man was executed. 258 00:11:38,909 --> 00:11:42,379 Commentary on the hadith: 259 00:11:42,379 --> 00:11:43,740 *Al-tanazu'* 260 00:11:43,740 --> 00:11:46,299 means quarreling and arguing. 261 00:11:46,299 --> 00:11:47,659 *Al-ikhtilaf* 262 00:11:47,740 --> 00:11:51,460 means that each person adopts a separate opinion. 263 00:11:51,460 --> 00:11:52,740 "Make things easy" 264 00:11:52,740 --> 00:11:55,539 means adopt that which facilitates ease, 265 00:11:55,539 --> 00:11:57,139 "and do not make them difficult" 266 00:11:57,139 --> 00:11:59,299 means refrain from being harsh and strict. 267 00:11:59,299 --> 00:12:00,740 "Bring glad tidings" 268 00:12:00,740 --> 00:12:01,940 refers to *al-tabshir*, 269 00:12:01,940 --> 00:12:04,899 which is bringing joy to others. 270 00:12:04,899 --> 00:12:06,580 "And do not repel people" 271 00:12:06,580 --> 00:12:10,179 means do not mention that which causes people to flee away. 272 00:12:10,179 --> 00:12:11,779 "And cooperate" 273 00:12:11,779 --> 00:12:13,539 means reach mutual agreement, 274 00:12:13,539 --> 00:12:16,019 and it is also said to mean show mutual love. 275 00:12:16,100 --> 00:12:18,019 "A beverage made from barley" 276 00:12:18,019 --> 00:12:21,139 means produced and prepared from barley. 277 00:12:21,139 --> 00:12:23,860 "Reciting it regularly in installments" 278 00:12:23,860 --> 00:12:25,059 means: 279 00:12:25,059 --> 00:12:28,419 I divide its recitation over various times throughout the day and night. 280 00:12:28,419 --> 00:12:30,500 "I seek reward for my sleep" 281 00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,220 means I seek divine reward for my rest, 282 00:12:33,220 --> 00:12:36,529 because it is among the means that aid in performing acts of obedience. 283 00:12:36,529 --> 00:12:37,970 "A tent" (*fustat*) 284 00:12:37,970 --> 00:12:39,570 means a pavilion or tent. 285 00:12:39,570 --> 00:12:40,690 "Bound" (*muthaq*) 286 00:12:40,690 --> 00:12:43,019 means tied up or shackled. 287 00:12:43,019 --> 00:12:46,799 Among the benefits of the hadith: 288 00:12:46,799 --> 00:12:48,799 It is derived from the hadith: 289 00:12:48,799 --> 00:12:50,799 The prohibition of intoxicants. 290 00:12:50,799 --> 00:12:57,840 Furthermore, if a believer intends by partaking in permissible desires to gain strength for obeying Allah, 291 00:12:57,840 --> 00:13:01,919 those lawful desires become acts of obedience for which he is rewarded. 292 00:13:01,919 --> 00:13:06,159 It also indicates the permissibility of appointing two leaders over a single region, 293 00:13:06,159 --> 00:13:09,279 and dividing a region's governance between two leaders. 294 00:13:09,279 --> 00:13:12,960 It underscores the recommendation of brethren and scholars visiting one another, 295 00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:14,879 and honoring the guest. 296 00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:18,080 It also highlights the promptness in forbidding evil 297 00:13:18,080 --> 00:13:21,679 and executing prescribed legal punishments (*hadd*) upon those who deserve them. 298 00:13:21,679 --> 00:13:27,120 Additionally, it clarifies the merit of unity, mutual cooperation, harmony, and ease, 299 00:13:27,120 --> 00:13:32,909 while condemning disagreement, cutting ties, and creating hardship. 300 00:13:32,909 --> 00:13:37,230 On the authority of Al-Bara' ibn 'Azib (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 301 00:13:37,230 --> 00:13:42,429 The Prophet (peace be upon him) appointed over the infantrymen on the day of Uhud— 302 00:13:42,429 --> 00:13:44,669 and they were fifty men— 303 00:13:44,669 --> 00:13:47,070 'Abdullah ibn Jubair. 304 00:13:47,070 --> 00:13:51,389 He (peace be upon him) instructed them: "Even if you see birds snatching us away, 305 00:13:51,389 --> 00:13:56,190 do not leave this position of yours until I send word to you; 306 00:13:56,190 --> 00:14:00,350 and if you see that we have defeated the enemy and trodden them underfoot, 307 00:14:00,350 --> 00:14:04,259 do not leave until I send word to you." 308 00:14:04,259 --> 00:14:07,340 In another narration: "Do not leave; 309 00:14:07,340 --> 00:14:11,659 if you see that we have prevailed over them, do not leave, 310 00:14:11,700 --> 00:14:16,419 and if you see them prevailing over us, do not come to our assistance." 311 00:14:16,419 --> 00:14:18,259 Then the Muslims defeated them. 312 00:14:18,259 --> 00:14:23,220 He said: "By Allah, I saw the polytheist women running away, 313 00:14:23,220 --> 00:14:26,460 with their anklets and shins exposed, 314 00:14:26,460 --> 00:14:29,059 tucking up their clothes." 315 00:14:29,059 --> 00:14:32,100 The companions of 'Abdullah ibn Jubair said: 316 00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:35,299 "The spoils of war! O people, the spoils! 317 00:14:35,299 --> 00:14:38,860 Your companions have prevailed, so what are you waiting for?" 318 00:14:38,860 --> 00:14:41,299 'Abdullah ibn Jubair said: 319 00:14:41,340 --> 00:14:46,460 "Have you forgotten what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to you?" 320 00:14:46,460 --> 00:14:52,419 They replied: "By Allah, we shall go to the people and take our share of the spoils!" 321 00:14:52,419 --> 00:14:55,980 But when they abandoned their post, their faces were turned away in defeat, 322 00:14:55,980 --> 00:14:58,379 and they fled in rout, 323 00:14:58,379 --> 00:15:02,580 as the Messenger was calling them from behind them. 324 00:15:02,580 --> 00:15:08,299 Thus, no more than twelve men remained with the Prophet (peace be upon him). 325 00:15:08,299 --> 00:15:11,139 The enemy inflicted seventy casualties among us, 326 00:15:11,179 --> 00:15:19,259 whereas the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his Companions had inflicted upon the polytheists on the day of Badr one hundred and forty casualties— 327 00:15:19,259 --> 00:15:23,019 seventy captives and seventy slain. 328 00:15:23,019 --> 00:15:28,899 Thereupon, Abu Sufyan called out three times: "Is Muhammad among the people?" 329 00:15:28,899 --> 00:15:33,620 But the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade them from answering him. 330 00:15:33,620 --> 00:15:39,460 Then he asked three times: "Is the son of Abu Quhafah among the people?" 331 00:15:39,460 --> 00:15:45,220 Then he asked three times: "Is the son of Al-Khattab among the people?" 332 00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:51,299 He then returned to his companions and said: "As for these, they have been slain." 333 00:15:51,299 --> 00:15:57,379 'Umar could not contain himself and shouted: "You lie, by Allah, O enemy of Allah! 334 00:15:57,379 --> 00:16:04,139 Indeed, those you listed are all alive, and Allah has preserved what will bring you distress!" 335 00:16:04,139 --> 00:16:09,220 Abu Sufyan said: "This day makes up for the day of Badr, for war alternates in fortunes; 336 00:16:09,259 --> 00:16:15,620 you will find mutilation among the slain people—I did not order it, nor does it displease me." 337 00:16:15,620 --> 00:16:20,620 Then he began chanting poetically: "Exalted be Hubal! Exalted be Hubal!" 338 00:16:20,620 --> 00:16:25,820 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Will you not answer him?" 339 00:16:25,820 --> 00:16:29,460 They asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what should we say?" 340 00:16:29,460 --> 00:16:34,539 He said: "Say: Allah is Most High and Most Majestic!" 341 00:16:34,539 --> 00:16:39,220 Abu Sufyan said: "We have Al-'Uzza, while you have no 'Uzza!" 342 00:16:39,220 --> 00:16:44,659 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Will you not answer him?" 343 00:16:44,659 --> 00:16:49,419 He said that they asked: "O Messenger of Allah, what should we say?" 344 00:16:49,419 --> 00:16:56,340 He said: "Say: Allah is our Guardian, and you have no guardian!" 345 00:16:56,340 --> 00:16:59,850 Commentary on the hadith: 346 00:16:59,850 --> 00:17:02,970 "Appointed" (*ja'ala*) means he placed them under his command. 347 00:17:03,009 --> 00:17:07,250 "The infantrymen" (*al-rajjalah*) refers to those who walk on foot, 348 00:17:07,250 --> 00:17:10,289 and what is meant here is the archers. 349 00:17:10,289 --> 00:17:14,130 "Birds snatching us away" means seizing us swiftly, 350 00:17:14,130 --> 00:17:17,329 which is an expression used to denote total defeat. 351 00:17:17,329 --> 00:17:20,930 "Do not leave" (*la tabrahu*) means do not depart. 352 00:17:20,930 --> 00:17:25,339 "Trodden them underfoot" (*awta'nahum*) means trampled them down with feet. 353 00:17:25,339 --> 00:17:28,380 "Running away" (*yashtadna*) means running fast. 354 00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:30,819 "Exposed" (*badat*) means became visible. 355 00:17:30,859 --> 00:17:32,420 Regarding their anklets: 356 00:17:32,420 --> 00:17:36,259 an anklet on the foot is like a bracelet on the wrist. 357 00:17:36,259 --> 00:17:39,500 "Shins" (*asuq*) is the plural of shin (*saq*). 358 00:17:39,500 --> 00:17:44,140 Spoils (*al-ghanimah*) are the possessions seized by combatants in fighting. 359 00:17:44,140 --> 00:17:48,339 "Your companions have prevailed" means they have overcome and gained victory. 360 00:17:48,339 --> 00:17:53,460 "We shall take our share of the spoils" means take and gather from them. 361 00:17:53,460 --> 00:17:57,940 "Their faces were turned away" means they were turned back and routed. 362 00:17:57,940 --> 00:18:03,660 "And they fled in rout" means they returned to their positions defeated. 363 00:18:03,660 --> 00:18:07,859 "They inflicted seventy casualties among us" means seventy martyrs. 364 00:18:07,859 --> 00:18:10,059 "Allah has preserved what will bring you distress" 365 00:18:10,059 --> 00:18:13,980 means Allah has kept alive those who will harm you in the days to come, 366 00:18:13,980 --> 00:18:16,220 referring to the day of the Conquest of Makkah. 367 00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:18,339 "This day makes up for the day of Badr" 368 00:18:18,339 --> 00:18:22,480 means this day stands in offset to the day of Badr. 369 00:18:22,480 --> 00:18:24,279 "War alternates in fortunes" 370 00:18:24,279 --> 00:18:27,519 means at times one group is victorious, 371 00:18:27,519 --> 00:18:30,880 and at times the other group is victorious. 372 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:32,119 Mutilation (*muthlah*): 373 00:18:32,119 --> 00:18:33,359 *al-muthlah* 374 00:18:33,359 --> 00:18:35,640 refers to cutting off parts of the deceased, such as his ear, 375 00:18:35,640 --> 00:18:39,319 and similar acts of horrific disfigurement. 376 00:18:39,319 --> 00:18:41,079 "I did not order it" 377 00:18:41,079 --> 00:18:44,279 means that he did not command such vile actions 378 00:18:44,279 --> 00:18:47,640 that bring disgrace back upon the perpetrator. 379 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:49,240 "Nor does it displease me" 380 00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:53,200 means it does not bother me or cause me detriment. 381 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:54,400 "Chanting poetically" (*yartajizu*) 382 00:18:54,400 --> 00:18:56,039 means reciting poetry. 383 00:18:56,039 --> 00:18:56,960 "Exalted be" (*a'lu*) 384 00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:58,599 means be elevated. 385 00:18:58,599 --> 00:18:59,519 Hubal 386 00:18:59,519 --> 00:19:01,240 is the name of an idol. 387 00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,519 Al-'Uzza 388 00:19:02,519 --> 00:19:04,200 is the name of an idol. 389 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:06,079 "Allah is our Guardian" (*Allahu mawlana*) 390 00:19:06,079 --> 00:19:09,269 means Allah is our Supporter and Helper. 391 00:19:09,269 --> 00:19:12,779 Among the benefits of the hadith: 392 00:19:12,779 --> 00:19:14,859 It is derived from the hadith: 393 00:19:14,859 --> 00:19:20,019 The permissibility of specific and temporary leadership in war and other matters. 394 00:19:20,019 --> 00:19:25,779 It highlights the leader and army commander's duty to emphasize adherence to the military plan. 395 00:19:25,819 --> 00:19:29,059 It clarifies that the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) 396 00:19:29,059 --> 00:19:32,500 did not all flee during the Battle of Uhud. 397 00:19:32,500 --> 00:19:38,859 It contains a clarification of the virtue of remaining steadfast in following the command and Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). 398 00:19:38,859 --> 00:19:43,980 It also contains guidance to avoid delving into matters that bring no benefit. 399 00:19:43,980 --> 00:19:49,970 The hadith further points to the high status of Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them). 400 00:19:49,970 --> 00:19:55,769 It shows that dispute and division are the causes of destruction in this world and the Hereafter. 401 00:19:55,769 --> 00:20:02,049 It demonstrates the virtue of striving in jihad to make the word of Allah Almighty supreme and to manifest His religion. 402 00:20:02,049 --> 00:20:05,690 It indicates the permissibility of drawing parables for the purpose of clarification, 403 00:20:05,690 --> 00:20:10,619 as parables are more impactful on the soul and more eloquent. 404 00:20:10,619 --> 00:20:15,940 Chapter: On One Who Spots the Enemy and Calls Out at the Top of His Voice, "Ya Sabaha!" 405 00:20:15,940 --> 00:20:19,309 so that the people may hear. 406 00:20:19,309 --> 00:20:21,470 On the authority of Salamah, who said: 407 00:20:21,470 --> 00:20:25,349 I went out of Medina heading toward Al-Ghabah. 408 00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:28,779 When I reached the mountain pass of Al-Ghabah— 409 00:20:28,779 --> 00:20:30,259 in another narration: 410 00:20:30,259 --> 00:20:36,549 and the milk camels of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) were grazing at Dhu Qarad— 411 00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:40,150 a boy belonging to 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn 'Awf met me. 412 00:20:40,150 --> 00:20:43,109 I said, "Woe to you! What is the matter with you?" 413 00:20:43,109 --> 00:20:48,430 He said, "The milk camels of the Prophet (peace be upon him) have been raided." 414 00:20:48,430 --> 00:20:50,630 I asked, "Who took them?" 415 00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:54,029 He replied, "Ghatafan and Fazarah." 416 00:20:54,029 --> 00:20:59,269 So I uttered three shouts that resounded between its two lava fields: 417 00:20:59,269 --> 00:21:02,869 "Ya Sabaha! Ya Sabaha!" 418 00:21:02,869 --> 00:21:07,509 Then I charged forward until I overtook them while they were driving the camels away. 419 00:21:07,509 --> 00:21:10,150 I began shooting arrows at them, saying: 420 00:21:10,150 --> 00:21:14,619 "I am the son of Al-Akwa', and today is the day of the mean ones' destruction!" 421 00:21:14,619 --> 00:21:18,490 Thus I rescued the camels from them before they could drink any water. 422 00:21:18,490 --> 00:21:19,930 In another narration: 423 00:21:19,930 --> 00:21:23,440 And I stripped thirty cloaks from them, 424 00:21:23,480 --> 00:21:26,200 bringing them back and driving them along. 425 00:21:26,200 --> 00:21:30,079 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) met me, 426 00:21:30,079 --> 00:21:32,359 and I said, "O Messenger of Allah, 427 00:21:32,359 --> 00:21:34,559 the people are thirsty, 428 00:21:34,559 --> 00:21:38,279 and I rushed them before they could drink their water supply, 429 00:21:38,279 --> 00:21:40,680 so send a force after them." 430 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:41,839 He said: 431 00:21:41,839 --> 00:21:43,519 "O Ibn Al-Akwa', 432 00:21:43,519 --> 00:21:45,819 you have prevailed, so show leniency; 433 00:21:45,819 --> 00:21:49,420 the people are currently being entertained by their host tribe." 434 00:21:49,420 --> 00:21:50,940 In another narration: 435 00:21:50,940 --> 00:21:52,059 He said: 436 00:21:52,059 --> 00:21:53,619 Then we returned, 437 00:21:53,660 --> 00:21:57,019 and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) seated me behind him 438 00:21:57,019 --> 00:21:58,579 on his she-camel, 439 00:21:58,579 --> 00:22:01,750 until we entered Medina. 440 00:22:01,750 --> 00:22:05,200 Commentary on the hadith: 441 00:22:05,200 --> 00:22:07,079 "At the mountain pass of Al-Ghabah": 442 00:22:07,079 --> 00:22:11,000 It is located one *barid* (stage) from Medina on the road to the Levant. 443 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:13,720 Originating from the word for thicket or forest. 444 00:22:13,720 --> 00:22:17,299 *Thaniyyah* (pass) in a mountain is like a steep track within it. 445 00:22:17,299 --> 00:22:18,460 "Woe to you" (*wayhak*): 446 00:22:18,460 --> 00:22:23,460 An expression said to someone who falls into a plight he did not deserve. 447 00:22:23,460 --> 00:22:24,500 *Liqah* (milk camels): 448 00:22:24,500 --> 00:22:26,779 They are milch camels. 449 00:22:26,779 --> 00:22:28,740 "Ghatafan and Fazarah": 450 00:22:28,740 --> 00:22:31,539 They are two Arab tribes. 451 00:22:31,539 --> 00:22:32,940 "Its two lava fields" (*labatayha*): 452 00:22:32,940 --> 00:22:35,140 Meaning the two basalt tracts of Medina. 453 00:22:35,140 --> 00:22:37,460 *Labah* refers to a volcanic tract, 454 00:22:37,460 --> 00:22:40,299 consisting of black stones. 455 00:22:40,299 --> 00:22:41,940 "Ya Sabaha": 456 00:22:41,940 --> 00:22:43,099 Its meaning is 457 00:22:43,099 --> 00:22:47,180 announcing a grave matter that has raided them in the morning. 458 00:22:47,180 --> 00:22:48,460 The intended meaning is: 459 00:22:48,460 --> 00:22:51,220 "You have been raided in the morning," 460 00:22:51,220 --> 00:22:53,140 or "You have been attacked at dawn, 461 00:22:53,180 --> 00:22:55,430 so take your precautions!" 462 00:22:55,430 --> 00:22:56,630 "I charged forward" (*indafa'tu*): 463 00:22:56,630 --> 00:22:58,910 Meaning I hastened my pace. 464 00:22:58,910 --> 00:23:00,710 "The day of the mean ones' destruction" (*yawm al-rada'*): 465 00:23:00,710 --> 00:23:03,710 Meaning the day of the ruin of the ignoble. 466 00:23:03,710 --> 00:23:05,869 "I rescued them from them": 467 00:23:05,869 --> 00:23:08,549 Meaning I extracted and saved them from their hands. 468 00:23:08,549 --> 00:23:09,869 "Show leniency" (*asjih*): 469 00:23:09,869 --> 00:23:12,470 Meaning be gentle and grant a gracious pardon. 470 00:23:12,470 --> 00:23:15,589 This is one of the classical Arabic proverbs. 471 00:23:15,589 --> 00:23:16,789 "They are being entertained" (*yuqrawna*): 472 00:23:16,789 --> 00:23:19,289 Meaning they are being hosted as guests. 473 00:23:19,289 --> 00:23:22,779 Points of benefit from the hadith: 474 00:23:22,819 --> 00:23:24,980 Derived from the hadith is: 475 00:23:24,980 --> 00:23:27,259 The permissibility of taking tough action, 476 00:23:27,259 --> 00:23:29,940 and a single individual confronting a whole group, 477 00:23:29,940 --> 00:23:33,180 because Salamah (may Allah be pleased with him) was alone 478 00:23:33,180 --> 00:23:35,299 and threw himself into battle. 479 00:23:35,299 --> 00:23:39,740 It also demonstrates the permissibility of intimidating the enemy in word and deed. 480 00:23:39,740 --> 00:23:41,619 It shows the permissibility of pride 481 00:23:41,619 --> 00:23:46,140 and a person identifying himself in battle by mentioning his courage. 482 00:23:46,140 --> 00:23:50,619 It highlights the virtue of archery in the cause of Allah Almighty. 483 00:23:50,619 --> 00:23:54,779 It highlights the virtue of pardon and showing benevolence toward captives. 484 00:23:57,230 --> 00:24:01,829 Chapter: When the Enemy Surrenders to the Judgment of a Man 485 00:24:01,829 --> 00:24:06,190 On the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 486 00:24:06,190 --> 00:24:09,670 When Banu Qurayzah surrendered to the judgment of Sa'd— 487 00:24:09,670 --> 00:24:11,430 that is, Ibn Mu'adh— 488 00:24:11,430 --> 00:24:14,869 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) sent for him, 489 00:24:14,869 --> 00:24:17,150 as he was nearby. 490 00:24:17,150 --> 00:24:19,430 He came riding upon a donkey, 491 00:24:19,430 --> 00:24:21,029 and when he drew near, 492 00:24:21,069 --> 00:24:24,589 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 493 00:24:24,589 --> 00:24:27,150 "Stand up for your leader." 494 00:24:27,150 --> 00:24:32,470 So he came and sat beside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 495 00:24:32,470 --> 00:24:33,950 who said to him: 496 00:24:33,950 --> 00:24:37,420 "These people have surrendered to your judgment." 497 00:24:37,420 --> 00:24:38,579 He said: 498 00:24:38,579 --> 00:24:42,339 "I decree that the combatants be executed 499 00:24:42,339 --> 00:24:44,930 and the women and children be taken captive." 500 00:24:44,930 --> 00:24:46,089 He said: 501 00:24:46,089 --> 00:24:50,109 "You have judged among them with the decree of the Sovereign Lord." 502 00:24:50,150 --> 00:24:53,460 Commentary on the hadith: 503 00:24:53,460 --> 00:24:54,980 "When they surrendered": 504 00:24:54,980 --> 00:24:56,140 The meaning is: 505 00:24:56,140 --> 00:24:58,339 when they accepted arbitration. 506 00:24:58,339 --> 00:24:59,819 "Banu Qurayzah": 507 00:24:59,819 --> 00:25:02,460 They are a Jewish tribe. 508 00:25:02,460 --> 00:25:03,339 "Drew near" (*dana*): 509 00:25:03,339 --> 00:25:05,019 Meaning he approached. 510 00:25:05,019 --> 00:25:06,500 "The combatants" (*al-muqatilah*): 511 00:25:06,500 --> 00:25:10,099 They are the adults capable of fighting. 512 00:25:10,099 --> 00:25:11,539 "The women and children" (*al-dhurriyyah*): 513 00:25:11,539 --> 00:25:14,059 Meaning women and young children. 514 00:25:14,059 --> 00:25:15,539 "With the decree of the Sovereign Lord" (*bihukm al-malik*): 515 00:25:15,539 --> 00:25:18,970 Meaning the ruling of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. 516 00:25:19,009 --> 00:25:22,700 Points of benefit from the hadith: 517 00:25:22,700 --> 00:25:24,859 It is derived from the hadith 518 00:25:24,859 --> 00:25:28,859 that submitting to the arbitration of a man known for righteousness and goodness 519 00:25:28,859 --> 00:25:31,339 is binding upon the disputing parties, 520 00:25:31,339 --> 00:25:35,220 whether in matters of war or otherwise. 521 00:25:35,220 --> 00:25:41,819 In the hadith is a refutation of the Khawarij who rejected arbitration regarding 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him). 522 00:25:41,819 --> 00:25:47,380 It shows the permissibility of submitting to the ruling of the Imam or whomever the Imam appoints. 523 00:25:47,420 --> 00:25:51,539 It shows the permissibility of honoring Muslims of high standing 524 00:25:51,539 --> 00:25:54,700 and honoring people of virtue in a gathering. 525 00:25:54,700 --> 00:26:00,059 It indicates that a man saying to his companion, "O leader/master" (*sayyid*), is not prohibited 526 00:26:00,059 --> 00:26:03,500 if his companion is good and virtuous; 527 00:26:03,500 --> 00:26:08,099 dislike only applies to addressing a wicked person as a leader. 528 00:26:08,099 --> 00:26:12,299 It indicates the permissibility of standing up for people of virtue and greeting them, 529 00:26:12,339 --> 00:26:17,420 whereas dislike applies to one who loves for people to stand up for him out of pride and arrogance. 530 00:26:17,420 --> 00:26:22,220 It demonstrates that whoever appoints a man to judge in a dispute between himself and another, 531 00:26:22,220 --> 00:26:24,019 and accepts his judgment, 532 00:26:24,019 --> 00:26:29,099 that ruling becomes binding upon both of them if it accords with the truth. 533 00:26:29,099 --> 00:26:33,180 It highlights the virtue of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) 534 00:26:33,180 --> 00:26:36,660 and his concurrence with the judgment of Allah Almighty. 535 00:26:36,660 --> 00:26:40,980 It shows the permissibility of appointing the lesser in virtue when the greater in virtue is present.