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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Takwir.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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When the sun is wrapped up [in darkness].

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And when the stars fall, losing their luster.

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And when the mountains are made to pass away.

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And when the pregnant she-camels are neglected.

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And when the wild beasts are gathered together.

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And when the seas are set ablaze.

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And when the souls are paired.

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And when the girl buried alive is asked.

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For what sin she was killed.

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And when the records are laid open.

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And when the sky is stripped away.

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And when the Hellfire is set ablaze.

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And when Paradise is brought near.

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“(Then) every soul will know what it hath made ready.” (81:14)

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When the sun is gathered together, part of it to another.

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Then it is folded up and cast away.

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When that is done to it, its light will vanish.

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And when the stars are scattered from the sky and fall down.

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And when Allah moves the mountains, so they become a mirage and scattered dust.

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And when the pregnant she-camels are neglected.

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The 'ishar' are the plural of 'ushara'.

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These are the camels that have reached ten months of pregnancy.

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The Almighty says, in His exposition:

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When these pregnant animals, which their owners prize so highly,

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Are neglected and abandoned due to the sheer terror that has descended upon them,

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Then what of everything else?

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And when the wild beasts are gathered and caused to die.

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And when the seas are filled until they overflow.

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Then they burst forth and flood.

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And when the souls are paired.

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Every person will be joined with their like.

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Those of similar character and kind will be grouped together in both good and evil.

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And when the girl buried alive is asked.

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The 'maw'uda' is the one buried alive.

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She will be asked about her killers and those who buried her: for what sin did they kill her?

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And when the records of the servants' deeds are laid open for them.

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After having been folded up, containing all the good and evil deeds written therein.

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And when the sky is pulled away, drawn off, and then folded up.

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And when the Hellfire is fueled and made to blaze.

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And when Paradise is brought close and drawn near.

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At that moment, a soul will know what it has brought forth; if it is good, it will lead to Paradise,

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Or if it is evil, it will lead to the Fire.

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So I swear by the retreating stars.

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Those that run their courses and disappear.

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Our Lord, exalted be His majesty, swears by things that occasionally retreat,

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Meaning they disappear and then run their courses at other times.

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Their 'kunus' (hiding) is their taking shelter in their dens.

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The 'makanis' (dens) according to the Arabs,

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Are the places where wild cattle and gazelles take shelter.

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It is not unlikely that this also applies to the places where the stars are in the sky.

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There is no evidence in the verse that the intended meaning is restricted to stars rather than cattle,

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Or to cattle rather than gazelles.

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The correct view is that it encompasses everything that has the quality of retreating at times,

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And running its course at others.

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And by the night as it departs.

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And by the morning as it breathes.

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Indeed, it is the word of a noble messenger.

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“Mighty, established in the presence of the Lord of the Throne,” (81:20)

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Obeyed and trustworthy.

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Our Lord, exalted be His majesty, swears by the night as it retreats,

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And by the light of day as it approaches and becomes clear.

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Indeed, this Qur'an is the revelation of a noble messenger,

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Meaning Jibril.

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Possessing power over the task he has been entrusted with,

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Not incapable of performing it.

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Held in high status by the Lord of the Mighty Throne.

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Obeyed in the heavens,

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For the angels obey him.

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Trustworthy before Allah regarding His revelation and His message,

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And everything else He has entrusted him with.

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And your companion is not mad.

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“Surely he beheld Him on the clear horizon.” (81:23)

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“And he is not avid of the Unseen.” (81:24)

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Your companion, O people—Muhammad, peace be upon him—is not mad,

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Such that he would speak of a paradise and rave like the insane.

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“Nay, but he brought the Truth, and he confirmed those sent (before him).” (37:37)

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Muhammad saw Jibril in his true form in the direction where things are clearly visible,

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Which you see from that vantage point.

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This was in the direction of the sunrise, from the east.

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And Muhammad, regarding what Allah has taught him of His revelation and scripture,

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Is not a miser in teaching it to you, O people.

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Rather, he is eager for you to believe in it and to learn.

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And it is not the word of a cursed devil.

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So where are you going?

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It is but a reminder to the worlds.

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“Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight.” (81:28)

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“And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth, the Lord of Creation.” (81:29)

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This Qur'an is not the word of a cursed, outcast devil.

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Rather, it is the speech of Allah and His revelation.

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So where are you turning away from this Qur'an and deviating from it?

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This Qur'an is nothing but a reminder and an admonition to the worlds, both jinn and mankind,

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For whoever among you wills to remain on the path of truth,

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So he follows it and believes in it.

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And you do not will, O people, to remain on the truth,

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Unless Allah wills that for you.