WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:32.469 The commentary entitled *Al-Ta'liq al-Latif* 00:00:32.469 --> 00:00:35.469 on the book *Bitaqat al-Ta'rif* 00:00:35.469 --> 00:00:38.469 *bi-Suwar al-Mushaf al-Sharif*, 00:00:38.469 --> 00:00:42.469 by Dr. Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz Ibn 'Umar Nasif, 00:00:42.469 --> 00:00:44.469 may Allah preserve him. 00:00:44.469 --> 00:00:46.469 Surah Sad. 00:00:46.469 --> 00:00:50.469 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. All praise is due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:50.469 --> 00:00:52.469 We continue with our commentary *Al-Ta'liq al-Latif* 00:00:52.469 --> 00:00:54.469 on *Bitaqat al-Ta'rif*, 00:00:54.469 --> 00:00:56.469 specifically with Surah Sad. 00:00:56.469 --> 00:00:58.469 I have three observations concerning it. 00:00:58.469 --> 00:01:00.469 The first observation pertains to an error 00:01:00.469 --> 00:01:02.729 that occurred in the book. 00:01:02.729 --> 00:01:04.730 If you look at the diagram 00:01:04.730 --> 00:01:06.730 regarding the order of the surah, 00:01:06.730 --> 00:01:08.730 specifically its chronological order of revelation, 00:01:08.730 --> 00:01:10.760 and naturally it concerns the dating of Surah Sad, 00:01:10.760 --> 00:01:12.760 it states that it is counted as the thirty-seventh, 00:01:12.760 --> 00:01:14.760 revealed after Surah al-Qamar and before Surah al-A'raf. 00:01:14.760 --> 00:01:16.890 This statement is correct. 00:01:16.890 --> 00:01:18.890 However, in the main body of the book, 00:01:18.890 --> 00:01:20.890 it says that it is widely considered the forty-second, revealed after Surah al-Furqan, 00:01:20.890 --> 00:01:22.890 and so forth. 00:01:22.890 --> 00:01:24.890 That is incorrect. 00:01:24.890 --> 00:01:26.890 That applies to Surah Fatir; 00:01:26.890 --> 00:01:28.890 this text was taken from the entry on Surah Fatir, 00:01:28.890 --> 00:01:30.890 as you would see if you compared them, and erroneously placed here. 00:01:30.890 --> 00:01:32.890 It is a sheer mistake. 00:01:32.890 --> 00:01:34.890 The correct position is what was established in the diagram: 00:01:34.890 --> 00:01:36.890 it is counted as the thirty-seventh, after al-Qamar and before al-A'raf. 00:01:36.890 --> 00:01:38.890 To this should be added 00:01:38.890 --> 00:01:40.890 that some of its verses suggest a later revelation, 00:01:40.890 --> 00:01:42.890 namely the verses mentioned 00:01:42.890 --> 00:01:44.890 in the contexts of revelation (Asbab al-Nuzul). 00:01:44.890 --> 00:01:46.890 There is disagreement 00:01:46.890 --> 00:01:48.890 regarding their authenticity, as it was narrated that they were revealed 00:01:48.890 --> 00:01:50.890 upon the death of Abu Talib, 00:01:50.890 --> 00:01:52.890 or during Abu Talib's illness, 00:01:52.890 --> 00:01:54.890 which was explained as his terminal illness, 00:01:54.890 --> 00:01:56.980 as mentioned by Ibn 'Atiyyah. 00:01:56.980 --> 00:01:58.980 Thus, the first pause is to correct this error. 00:01:58.980 --> 00:02:01.049 The second pause 00:02:01.049 --> 00:02:03.180 concerns a methodology 00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:05.180 outlined for us by this surah 00:02:05.180 --> 00:02:07.180 when denial, turning away, 00:02:07.180 --> 00:02:09.180 and obstinacy intensify 00:02:09.180 --> 00:02:11.180 on the part of opponents. 00:02:11.180 --> 00:02:13.210 What is required of a person? 00:02:13.210 --> 00:02:15.210 We learn the answer from this surah. 00:02:15.210 --> 00:02:17.210 For Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, after the first page filled 00:02:17.210 --> 00:02:19.210 with the deniers' disbelief, said: 00:02:19.210 --> 00:02:21.240 "Be patient." 00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:23.270 Patience. 00:02:23.270 --> 00:02:25.270 Some people might take this word lightly; 00:02:25.270 --> 00:02:27.270 when someone says 00:02:27.270 --> 00:02:29.270 to another that 00:02:29.270 --> 00:02:31.270 people have turned away from obedience 00:02:31.270 --> 00:02:33.270 and immersed themselves in sins, 00:02:33.270 --> 00:02:35.270 and the response given is, "Be patient," 00:02:35.270 --> 00:02:37.270 he might think that this word 00:02:37.270 --> 00:02:39.270 is out of place, 00:02:39.270 --> 00:02:41.270 or that it is merely a sedative 00:02:41.270 --> 00:02:43.270 for emotional comfort, as they say. 00:02:43.270 --> 00:02:45.270 But this is entirely untrue. 00:02:45.270 --> 00:02:47.270 Patience is indispensable 00:02:47.270 --> 00:02:49.270 in the face of harm, denial, and rejection. 00:02:49.270 --> 00:02:51.430 If it comes from a disbeliever 00:02:51.430 --> 00:02:53.430 who has turned away completely, 00:02:53.430 --> 00:02:55.430 then without a doubt patience is required. 00:02:55.430 --> 00:02:57.430 And if it comes from a fellow Muslim 00:02:57.430 --> 00:02:59.430 who has fallen into many violations 00:02:59.430 --> 00:03:01.430 and indulged in sins, you equally require, 00:03:01.430 --> 00:03:03.849 while calling him to righteousness, to exercise patience. 00:03:03.849 --> 00:03:05.849 Patience, lest you be seduced and become 00:03:05.849 --> 00:03:07.849 like him, and so that you can persevere in calling him. 00:03:07.849 --> 00:03:10.009 Patience is therefore essential. 00:03:10.009 --> 00:03:12.039 Moreover, Allah, Glorified and Exalted be He, 00:03:12.039 --> 00:03:14.169 has mentioned, 00:03:14.169 --> 00:03:16.169 and explicitly cited in this surah what aids one in patience. 00:03:16.169 --> 00:03:18.169 Clearly, He said: "Be patient over what they say," 00:03:18.169 --> 00:03:20.169 and then He mentioned— 00:03:20.169 --> 00:03:22.169 and He began mentioning— 00:03:22.169 --> 00:03:24.169 and began recounting the stories: 00:03:24.169 --> 00:03:26.169 "and remember Our servant David," and then He said, 00:03:26.169 --> 00:03:28.169 mentioning Solomon along with him, then He said, 00:03:28.169 --> 00:03:30.169 "and remember Our servant Job," then He said, 00:03:30.169 --> 00:03:32.169 "and remember Our servants, 00:03:32.169 --> 00:03:34.169 Abraham and Isaac," 00:03:34.169 --> 00:03:36.169 and then He said, "and remember Ishmael." 00:03:36.169 --> 00:03:38.169 Thus, among the things that foster patience 00:03:38.169 --> 00:03:40.229 is remembering the Prophets 00:03:40.229 --> 00:03:42.490 and the righteous— 00:03:42.490 --> 00:03:44.810 here, specifically the Prophets. 00:03:44.810 --> 00:03:46.810 Recalling the stories of the Prophets 00:03:46.810 --> 00:03:48.810 aids in maintaining patience. 00:03:48.810 --> 00:03:50.840 Then He said, 00:03:50.840 --> 00:03:52.840 Glorified and Exalted be He: "This is 00:03:52.840 --> 00:03:54.840 a reminder, and indeed, for the righteous 00:03:54.840 --> 00:03:56.840 is a good place of return," and then He said, 00:03:56.840 --> 00:03:58.840 "This—and indeed, for the transgressors 00:03:58.840 --> 00:04:00.840 is an evil place of return." 00:04:00.840 --> 00:04:02.840 So, mentioning Paradise and Hellfire 00:04:02.840 --> 00:04:04.840 is also among the things that aid 00:04:04.840 --> 00:04:06.840 in this momentous matter: 00:04:06.840 --> 00:04:09.189 patience. 00:04:09.189 --> 00:04:11.189 Proceeding from this point, 00:04:11.189 --> 00:04:13.189 the third observation— 00:04:13.189 --> 00:04:15.189 which is closely connected to it 00:04:15.189 --> 00:04:17.189 and built upon it— 00:04:17.189 --> 00:04:19.220 is that when examining the theme of the surah, 00:04:19.220 --> 00:04:21.220 as known from its sections 00:04:21.220 --> 00:04:23.220 and contents, 00:04:23.220 --> 00:04:25.220 it speaks about the sheer intensity 00:04:25.220 --> 00:04:27.259 of the disbelievers' turning away, 00:04:27.259 --> 00:04:29.259 and the corresponding attitude 00:04:29.259 --> 00:04:31.259 required toward them. 00:04:31.259 --> 00:04:33.259 Then the author wrote: "to console the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him." 00:04:33.259 --> 00:04:35.259 No, it is not quite phrased like that. 00:04:35.259 --> 00:04:37.259 Regarding "the corresponding attitude required toward them," 00:04:37.259 --> 00:04:39.350 that phrase falls short; 00:04:39.350 --> 00:04:41.350 the required attitude is patience itself, 00:04:41.350 --> 00:04:43.350 not merely being consoled. 00:04:43.350 --> 00:04:45.350 He should have said: "patience, 00:04:45.350 --> 00:04:47.350 recalling the stories of the Prophets, 00:04:47.350 --> 00:04:49.350 and the Hereafter." 00:04:49.350 --> 00:04:51.540 For patience is what is demanded 00:04:51.540 --> 00:04:53.540 in the face of the disbelievers' rejection, 00:04:53.540 --> 00:04:55.769 and what aids in cultivating patience 00:04:55.769 --> 00:04:57.769 are the stories of the Prophets and the Hereafter. 00:04:57.769 --> 00:04:59.769 The accounts of these specific Prophets 00:04:59.769 --> 00:05:01.769 especially foster patience. 00:05:01.769 --> 00:05:03.899 Reflect upon them. 00:05:03.899 --> 00:05:05.899 We also observe— 00:05:05.899 --> 00:05:07.899 and this is an observation of 00:05:07.899 --> 00:05:09.899 subtle insight (lata'if)— 00:05:09.899 --> 00:05:11.899 that since the context 00:05:11.899 --> 00:05:13.899 was one of patience, 00:05:13.899 --> 00:05:15.899 when He described Paradise, He said: 00:05:15.899 --> 00:05:17.899 "Gardens of perpetual residence, whose doors 00:05:17.899 --> 00:05:20.180 will be opened for them." 00:05:20.180 --> 00:05:22.180 It is as though a person— 00:05:22.180 --> 00:05:24.410 and the general principle is that the reward corresponds to the nature of the deed— 00:05:24.410 --> 00:05:26.439 when obeying Allah, 00:05:26.439 --> 00:05:28.439 shuts many of the doors 00:05:28.439 --> 00:05:30.439 that might otherwise bring him 00:05:30.439 --> 00:05:32.439 deceptive worldly 00:05:32.439 --> 00:05:34.470 pleasures, 00:05:34.470 --> 00:05:36.470 by which he would compromise his religion. 00:05:36.470 --> 00:05:38.470 I do not claim that this is the formal Tafsir of the verse, 00:05:38.470 --> 00:05:40.470 but rather I say: 00:05:40.470 --> 00:05:42.470 the reward corresponds to the nature of the deed. 00:05:42.470 --> 00:05:44.470 Whoever desires the doors to be wide open for him 00:05:44.470 --> 00:05:46.470 on the Day of Resurrection 00:05:46.470 --> 00:05:48.600 in Paradise, 00:05:48.600 --> 00:05:50.600 must exercise patience 00:05:50.600 --> 00:05:52.600 here in this life. For patience entails a sense of 00:05:52.600 --> 00:05:54.600 constriction, whereas having doors opened 00:05:54.600 --> 00:05:56.600 offers expansive spaciousness. 00:05:56.600 --> 00:05:58.600 If a place is pleasant, 00:05:58.600 --> 00:06:00.600 it might suffice you even if the door is closed; 00:06:00.600 --> 00:06:02.600 yet opening the door adds further spaciousness 00:06:02.600 --> 00:06:04.600 and freedom. 00:06:04.600 --> 00:06:06.600 Thus, it was most fitting, 00:06:06.600 --> 00:06:08.660 when urging towards patience, 00:06:08.660 --> 00:06:10.730 to remind the believer of this 00:06:10.730 --> 00:06:12.730 reward, 00:06:12.730 --> 00:06:14.730 which stands in direct contrast 00:06:14.730 --> 00:06:16.730 to the constriction of patience—just as He stated in Surah 00:06:16.730 --> 00:06:18.730 al-Insan, where 00:06:18.730 --> 00:06:20.730 He explicitly mentioned patience, saying: 00:06:20.730 --> 00:06:22.730 “And hath awarded them for all that they endured, a Garden and silk attire;” (76:12) 00:06:22.730 --> 00:06:24.730 "and silk garments." For Paradise 00:06:24.730 --> 00:06:26.730 is vast, whereas this world 00:06:26.730 --> 00:06:28.980 and patience entail hardship and constriction; 00:06:28.980 --> 00:06:30.980 Paradise offers soft silk, 00:06:30.980 --> 00:06:33.139 whereas patience involves 00:06:33.139 --> 00:06:35.370 a degree of roughness, 00:06:35.370 --> 00:06:37.430 a psychological hardship. 00:06:37.430 --> 00:06:39.430 So, whenever a person keeps this reward in mind, 00:06:39.430 --> 00:06:41.430 he will endure this 00:06:41.430 --> 00:06:43.500 trial with patience. 00:06:43.500 --> 00:06:45.500 All praise is due to Allah, first and last, 00:06:45.500 --> 00:06:47.500 outwardly and inwardly. 00:06:47.500 --> 00:06:49.500 May Allah send blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his family and Companions. 00:06:49.500 --> 00:06:51.500 And all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all the worlds.