WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 Riyad al-Salihin (The Gardens of the Righteous) 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:09.779 From the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:17.500 Chapter: The Prohibition of a Woman Observing Mourning for a Deceased Person for More Than Three Days 00:00:17.500 --> 00:00:23.500 Except for her husband, for whom it is four months and ten days. 00:00:23.500 --> 00:00:29.940 On the authority of Zaynab bint Abi Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, she said: 00:00:29.940 --> 00:00:33.939 I entered upon Umm Habibah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:00:33.939 --> 00:00:36.939 the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:00:36.939 --> 00:00:41.939 when her father, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, may Allah be pleased with him, passed away. 00:00:41.939 --> 00:00:46.939 She called for perfume containing saffron, or some other type of fragrance. 00:00:46.939 --> 00:00:48.939 A slave girl applied it to her. 00:00:48.939 --> 00:00:51.939 Then she applied some to her own cheeks. 00:00:51.939 --> 00:00:56.939 Then she said, "By Allah, I have no need for perfume, 00:00:56.939 --> 00:01:00.939 except that I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:01:00.939 --> 00:01:02.939 saying from the pulpit: 00:01:02.939 --> 00:01:08.010 'It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day 00:01:08.010 --> 00:01:12.010 to observe mourning for a deceased person for more than three nights, 00:01:12.010 --> 00:01:16.010 except for a husband, for four months and ten days.'" 00:01:16.010 --> 00:01:18.099 Zaynab said: 00:01:18.099 --> 00:01:23.099 Then I entered upon Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:01:23.099 --> 00:01:25.099 when her brother passed away. 00:01:25.099 --> 00:01:28.099 She called for perfume and applied some of it. 00:01:28.099 --> 00:01:30.099 Then she said: 00:01:30.099 --> 00:01:34.099 "By Allah, I have no need for perfume, 00:01:34.099 --> 00:01:38.099 except that I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:01:38.099 --> 00:01:41.200 saying from the pulpit: 00:01:41.200 --> 00:01:45.200 'It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allah and the Last Day 00:01:45.200 --> 00:01:49.200 to observe mourning for a deceased person for more than three [days], 00:01:49.200 --> 00:01:54.200 except for a husband, for four months and ten days.'" 00:01:54.200 --> 00:01:56.200 Agreed upon. 00:01:56.200 --> 00:01:59.030 *Khuluq*: 00:01:59.030 --> 00:02:02.159 A type of perfume used for scenting. 00:02:02.159 --> 00:02:03.159 *Tu'hiddu* (to observe mourning): 00:02:03.159 --> 00:02:05.159 Meaning, she wears mourning clothes, 00:02:05.159 --> 00:02:11.159 abandons adornment, and refrains from things that incite sexual desire. 00:02:11.159 --> 00:02:15.409 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:15.409 --> 00:02:21.819 The prohibition of a woman observing mourning for anyone other than her husband for more than three days. 00:02:21.819 --> 00:02:25.819 The obligation for a woman to observe mourning for her husband for the duration of her waiting period (*'iddah*), 00:02:25.819 --> 00:02:30.819 which is four months and ten days, including the nights. 00:02:30.819 --> 00:02:33.819 This is because if the woman were pregnant, 00:02:33.819 --> 00:02:37.819 the fetus would be fully formed in her womb during that period, 00:02:37.819 --> 00:02:41.300 and thereby lineages are preserved. 00:02:41.300 --> 00:02:45.300 The exaltation of the marital bond in Islam. 00:02:45.300 --> 00:02:50.620 Therefore, the husband retains a right over his wife even after his death. 00:02:50.620 --> 00:02:55.620 Mourning consists of abandoning adornment, the use of kohl, and the application of perfume. 00:02:55.620 --> 00:02:57.620 It ends when one does these things. 00:02:57.620 --> 00:03:03.620 That is why Umm Habibah and Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with them, applied perfume. 00:03:03.620 --> 00:03:11.099 The responsiveness of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:03:11.099 --> 00:03:16.099 and their eagerness to implement it, even if it contradicts personal desire or custom. 00:03:16.099 --> 00:03:23.080 Chapter: The Prohibition of a City Dweller Selling for a Bedouin, 00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:25.080 Meeting travelers (to buy their goods before they reach the market), 00:03:25.080 --> 00:03:27.080 selling over the sale of one's brother, 00:03:27.080 --> 00:03:29.080 and proposing marriage over the proposal of one's brother, 00:03:29.080 --> 00:03:32.080 unless he gives permission or declines. 00:03:32.080 --> 00:03:36.229 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:03:36.229 --> 00:03:43.229 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, forbade a city dweller from selling for a Bedouin, 00:03:43.229 --> 00:03:46.229 even if he were his brother through his father and mother. 00:03:46.229 --> 00:03:48.330 Agreed upon. 00:03:48.330 --> 00:03:53.539 *Hadir* (city dweller): One who resides in villages and cities. 00:03:53.539 --> 00:03:57.539 *Bad* (Bedouin): One who lives in the desert. 00:03:59.469 --> 00:04:01.469 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:01.469 --> 00:04:04.659 The prohibition of a city dweller selling for a Bedouin. 00:04:04.659 --> 00:04:10.659 This is when a stranger comes to the city with goods he wishes to sell at the current market price, 00:04:10.659 --> 00:04:12.659 and a local city dweller approaches him 00:04:12.659 --> 00:04:19.660 and says, "Leave it with me so I can sell it for you gradually at a higher price than this." 00:04:19.660 --> 00:04:23.110 If a city dweller sells for a Bedouin, 00:04:23.110 --> 00:04:27.459 the transaction is invalid, and he must annul it. 00:04:27.459 --> 00:04:32.459 Islam guarantees the rights of the ignorant during buying and selling, 00:04:32.459 --> 00:04:38.459 thereby dismantling the rule adopted by proponents of man-made law: 00:04:38.459 --> 00:04:41.459 "The law does not protect the gullible." 00:04:41.459 --> 00:04:44.850 The prohibition of cheating and deception. 00:04:44.850 --> 00:04:50.259 Kinship does not permit anything that Allah has forbidden. 00:04:50.259 --> 00:04:54.259 That is why the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:04:54.259 --> 00:04:57.259 "Even if he were his brother through his father and mother." 00:04:57.259 --> 00:05:02.670 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, he said: 00:05:02.670 --> 00:05:06.670 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:05:06.670 --> 00:05:12.670 "Do not intercept goods until they are brought down to the markets." 00:05:12.670 --> 00:05:14.699 Agreed upon. 00:05:14.699 --> 00:05:21.949 *Sila'* (goods): Plural of *sil'ah*, meaning merchandise brought for sale. 00:05:21.949 --> 00:05:25.209 "Until they are brought down to the markets": 00:05:25.209 --> 00:05:28.209 Meaning, until they reach the market, 00:05:28.209 --> 00:05:32.209 and the owner knows the current market price. 00:05:32.209 --> 00:05:35.040 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:35.040 --> 00:05:40.230 The prohibition of selling merchandise brought from outside until it reaches the market, 00:05:40.230 --> 00:05:43.230 and the owner knows its value, 00:05:43.230 --> 00:05:47.230 so that he may sell it with full awareness, without uncertainty (*gharar*) or harm. 00:05:47.230 --> 00:05:51.740 The prohibition of intercepting travelers arriving with goods 00:05:51.740 --> 00:05:54.740 before they settle in the markets. 00:05:54.740 --> 00:06:00.029 The prohibition of *gharar* (uncertainty) and harm in all their forms and types. 00:06:00.029 --> 00:06:05.600 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, he said: 00:06:05.600 --> 00:06:09.790 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:06:09.790 --> 00:06:11.790 "Do not intercept travelers, 00:06:11.790 --> 00:06:14.790 and do not let a city dweller sell for a Bedouin." 00:06:14.790 --> 00:06:16.819 Tawus asked him: 00:06:16.819 --> 00:06:20.819 "What is meant by 'do not let a city dweller sell for a Bedouin'?" 00:06:20.819 --> 00:06:24.819 He replied: "He should not act as a broker for him." 00:06:25.819 --> 00:06:28.720 Agreed upon. 00:06:28.720 --> 00:06:30.720 *Talaqqi al-rukban* (intercepting travelers): 00:06:30.720 --> 00:06:35.720 It is for a city dweller to meet a Bedouin before he reaches the city, 00:06:35.720 --> 00:06:38.720 and falsely inform him that his goods are in low demand, 00:06:38.720 --> 00:06:41.720 in order to buy his goods from him at a loss, 00:06:41.720 --> 00:06:44.720 and for less than their fair market value. 00:06:44.720 --> 00:06:48.009 *Simsar*: Meaning a broker or agent. 00:06:48.009 --> 00:06:52.009 He is the intermediary between the seller and the buyer. 00:06:52.009 --> 00:06:56.000 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, he said: 00:06:56.000 --> 00:07:00.000 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, forbade 00:07:00.000 --> 00:07:03.000 a city dweller from selling for a Bedouin, 00:07:03.000 --> 00:07:05.000 and *najash* (bidding up prices without intent to buy), 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:08.000 and that a man should sell over the sale of his brother, 00:07:08.000 --> 00:07:11.000 and that he should propose marriage over the proposal of his brother, 00:07:11.000 --> 00:07:14.000 and that a woman should ask for the divorce of her sister (in faith) 00:07:14.000 --> 00:07:17.000 in order to empty her vessel (i.e., take her place). 00:07:17.000 --> 00:07:20.259 In another narration, he said: 00:07:20.259 --> 00:07:23.259 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, forbade 00:07:23.259 --> 00:07:25.259 intercepting [merchandise], 00:07:25.259 --> 00:07:28.259 and that a city dweller should buy for a Bedouin, 00:07:28.259 --> 00:07:32.259 and that a woman should stipulate the divorce of her sister, 00:07:32.259 --> 00:07:36.259 and that a man should bid over the bid of his brother. 00:07:36.259 --> 00:07:39.259 He also forbade *najash* and *tasriyah* (deceptive withholding of milk). 00:07:39.259 --> 00:07:41.319 Agreed upon. 00:07:41.319 --> 00:07:44.339 *Najash*: 00:07:44.339 --> 00:07:46.339 Increasing the price 00:07:46.339 --> 00:07:49.339 as a form of deception and trickery against others. 00:07:49.339 --> 00:07:52.569 "To empty her vessel": 00:07:52.569 --> 00:07:55.569 Taken from the metaphor of a pot, 00:07:55.569 --> 00:07:58.569 when you tip it over to empty what is inside it. 00:07:58.569 --> 00:08:00.569 The intended meaning is: 00:08:00.569 --> 00:08:04.819 Her marriage to him instead of her sister in Islam. 00:08:04.819 --> 00:08:07.819 "A man bids over the bid of his brother": 00:08:07.819 --> 00:08:10.819 This is when the owner of the goods and the interested buyer 00:08:10.819 --> 00:08:12.819 have agreed on the sale, 00:08:12.819 --> 00:08:14.819 but have not yet finalized the contract, 00:08:14.819 --> 00:08:16.819 and another person says to the seller: 00:08:16.819 --> 00:08:19.240 "I will buy it [for more]." 00:08:19.240 --> 00:08:21.240 *Tasriyah*: 00:08:21.240 --> 00:08:23.240 Meaning gathering milk in the udder of a camel 00:08:23.240 --> 00:08:26.240 or a sheep when intending to sell it, 00:08:26.240 --> 00:08:29.240 so that its udder appears large, as a form of cheating and deception. 00:08:29.240 --> 00:08:32.240 The buyer then thinks that the abundance of its milk 00:08:32.240 --> 00:08:35.240 is its constant, natural habit. 00:08:35.240 --> 00:08:38.009 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:38.009 --> 00:08:41.389 The prohibition of *najash* in sales. 00:08:41.389 --> 00:08:43.389 This is increasing the price of an item 00:08:43.389 --> 00:08:46.389 when one has no desire to purchase it, 00:08:46.389 --> 00:08:48.389 but rather to deceive someone else. 00:08:48.389 --> 00:08:51.899 The prohibition of a man selling over the sale of his brother. 00:08:51.899 --> 00:08:53.899 This is when he says to the buyer, 00:08:53.899 --> 00:08:55.899 after the sales contract, 00:08:55.899 --> 00:08:58.899 while still in the session or under a condition of option, 00:08:58.899 --> 00:09:00.899 "Annul the contract, 00:09:00.899 --> 00:09:03.899 and I will sell you the same thing for less than its price, 00:09:03.899 --> 00:09:06.899 or something better for the same price." 00:09:06.899 --> 00:09:08.899 The same applies to buying, 00:09:08.899 --> 00:09:10.899 by saying to the seller: 00:09:10.899 --> 00:09:12.899 "Annul the contract, 00:09:12.899 --> 00:09:15.350 so I can take it from you for more." 00:09:15.350 --> 00:09:17.350 The prohibition of everything that causes division 00:09:17.350 --> 00:09:20.350 and discord between a woman and her husband, 00:09:21.350 --> 00:09:24.350 and fills hearts with resentment and hatred. 00:09:24.350 --> 00:09:26.350 Among these is 00:09:26.350 --> 00:09:29.350 a woman requesting the divorce of her sister in Islam 00:09:29.350 --> 00:09:31.350 so that she may marry her husband. 00:09:31.350 --> 00:09:35.350 This is especially evident in cases of polygyny. 00:09:35.350 --> 00:09:38.860 Bidding over the bid of a Muslim 00:09:38.860 --> 00:09:41.860 after the price has been settled is forbidden. 00:09:41.860 --> 00:09:44.860 However, if the item is offered for bidding 00:09:44.860 --> 00:09:46.860 with the intention of selling to the highest bidder, 00:09:46.860 --> 00:09:48.860 and the price has not yet been settled, 00:09:48.860 --> 00:09:50.860 then it is not considered as such. 00:09:50.860 --> 00:09:54.440 The prohibition of all types of cheating and deception, 00:09:54.440 --> 00:09:57.440 even if their outward forms 00:09:57.440 --> 00:09:59.440 appear to conform to the Shari'ah, 00:09:59.440 --> 00:10:01.440 for the consideration is in the substance. 00:10:01.440 --> 00:10:04.950 The prohibition of everything that causes harm 00:10:04.950 --> 00:10:06.950 and distress to the Muslims, 00:10:06.950 --> 00:10:08.950 or leads them into *gharar* (uncertainty). 00:10:08.950 --> 00:10:13.039 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:10:13.039 --> 00:10:16.039 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:10:16.039 --> 00:10:18.039 said: 00:10:18.039 --> 00:10:21.039 "None of you should sell over the sale of another, 00:10:21.039 --> 00:10:24.039 and none of you should propose marriage over the proposal of his brother, 00:10:24.039 --> 00:10:27.039 unless he gives him permission." 00:10:27.039 --> 00:10:29.039 Agreed upon. 00:10:29.039 --> 00:10:31.039 This is the wording of Muslim. 00:10:31.039 --> 00:10:34.899 "Propose marriage over the proposal of his brother": 00:10:34.899 --> 00:10:37.899 Meaning asking for the woman from her guardian 00:10:37.899 --> 00:10:40.899 when your brother has already preceded you in doing so. 00:10:40.899 --> 00:10:43.899 The intended meaning is the brotherhood of faith. 00:10:43.899 --> 00:10:47.899 Mentioning the "brother" in the hadith is based on the common case, 00:10:47.899 --> 00:10:50.899 because it is more conducive to compliance. 00:10:52.960 --> 00:10:55.960 On the authority of 'Uqbah ibn 'Amir, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:10:55.960 --> 00:10:58.960 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:10:58.960 --> 00:11:00.960 said: 00:11:00.960 --> 00:11:02.960 "The believer is the brother of the believer. 00:11:02.960 --> 00:11:04.960 It is not permissible for a believer 00:11:04.960 --> 00:11:06.960 to buy over the purchase of his brother, 00:11:06.960 --> 00:11:09.960 nor to propose marriage over the proposal of his brother, 00:11:09.960 --> 00:11:11.960 until he abandons it." 00:11:11.960 --> 00:11:14.059 Narrated by Muslim. 00:11:14.059 --> 00:11:16.860 He leaves. 00:11:16.860 --> 00:11:19.720 Meaning, he abandons. 00:11:19.720 --> 00:11:22.259 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:11:22.259 --> 00:11:24.259 The prohibition of outbidding another in a sale. 00:11:24.259 --> 00:11:27.490 The prohibition of proposing to a woman who is already engaged. 00:11:27.490 --> 00:11:31.490 The form of this is to request the annulment of the first proposal, 00:11:31.490 --> 00:11:33.970 so that he may propose to her himself. 00:11:33.970 --> 00:11:37.970 Proposing to an engaged woman is permissible in two cases: 00:11:37.970 --> 00:11:40.970 If the first suitor grants permission for it, 00:11:40.970 --> 00:11:45.450 or if the first suitor abandons his proposal to her. 00:11:45.450 --> 00:11:48.450 Islam has gathered the believers under its shade, 00:11:48.450 --> 00:11:51.450 and established brotherhood among them according to the methodology of Allah. 00:11:51.450 --> 00:11:54.450 Therefore, one should strive with the utmost effort 00:11:54.450 --> 00:11:57.450 to strengthen the bonds of faith-based brotherhood, 00:11:57.450 --> 00:12:00.450 for it is a divine blessing 00:12:00.450 --> 00:12:02.450 that increases the firmness of Islam 00:12:02.450 --> 00:12:05.450 in the hearts of its followers and callers. 00:12:05.450 --> 00:12:10.649 Chapter: The prohibition against wasting wealth 00:12:10.649 --> 00:12:12.649 on avenues other than those 00:12:12.649 --> 00:12:14.649 which the Sharia has permitted. 00:12:14.649 --> 00:12:19.990 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:12:19.990 --> 00:12:23.990 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:12:23.990 --> 00:12:27.990 "Indeed, Allah the Exalted is pleased with three things for you, 00:12:27.990 --> 00:12:31.090 and He dislikes three things for you. 00:12:31.090 --> 00:12:33.090 He is pleased that you worship Him, 00:12:33.090 --> 00:12:36.090 “And serve Allah. Ascribe no thing as partner unto Him. (Show) kindness unto parents, and unto near kindred, and orphans, and the needy, and unto the neighbour who is of kin (unto you) and the neighbour who is not of kin, and the fellow-traveller and the wayfarer and (the slaves) whom your right hands possess. Lo! Allah loveth not such as are proud and boastful,” (4:36) 00:12:36.090 --> 00:12:39.090 and that you hold fast to the rope of Allah altogether, 00:12:39.090 --> 00:12:41.120 and do not become divided. 00:12:41.120 --> 00:12:44.120 And He dislikes for you idle gossip, 00:12:44.120 --> 00:12:46.120 excessive questioning, 00:12:46.120 --> 00:12:48.120 and the wasting of wealth." 00:12:48.120 --> 00:12:50.860 Narrated by Muslim. 00:12:50.860 --> 00:12:54.860 On the authority of Warrad, the scribe of al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah, who said: 00:12:54.860 --> 00:13:00.860 Al-Mughirah dictated to me in a letter to Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:13:00.860 --> 00:13:03.980 that the Prophet, peace be upon him, 00:13:03.980 --> 00:13:07.980 used to say at the end of every obligatory prayer: 00:13:07.980 --> 00:13:13.049 "There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner; 00:13:13.049 --> 00:13:15.049 “All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah; unto Him belongeth Sovereignty and unto Him belongeth praise, and He is Able to do all things.” (64:1) 00:13:15.049 --> 00:13:18.049 and He is capable of all things. 00:13:18.049 --> 00:13:21.179 O Allah, there is no preventer of what You have given, 00:13:21.179 --> 00:13:24.179 and no giver of what You have withheld, 00:13:24.179 --> 00:13:27.179 and the wealth of the wealthy will not avail them against You." 00:13:27.179 --> 00:13:32.269 And he wrote to him that he used to forbid idle gossip, 00:13:32.269 --> 00:13:34.269 the wasting of wealth, 00:13:34.269 --> 00:13:36.269 and excessive questioning. 00:13:36.269 --> 00:13:39.269 And he used to forbid the mistreatment of mothers, 00:13:39.269 --> 00:13:41.269 the burying of infant daughters alive, 00:13:41.269 --> 00:13:43.269 and withholding what is due while demanding what is not. 00:13:43.269 --> 00:13:45.269 Agreed upon. 00:13:45.269 --> 00:13:50.879 Riyad al-Salihin.