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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Hijr.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Alif, Lam, Ra.

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“Alif. Lam. Ra. These are verses of the Scripture and a plain Reading.” (15:1)

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“It may be that those who disbelieve wish ardently that they were Muslims.” (15:2)

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Alif, Lam, Ra.

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These are the verses of the scriptures that preceded the Qur'an,

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Such as the Torah and the Gospel.

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And they are verses of a Qur'an that clarifies for those who contemplate and reflect upon it their path to righteousness and guidance.

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Those who disbelieved in Allah and denied His oneness will perhaps wish,

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Had they been Muslims in the worldly life.

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“Let them eat and enjoy life, and let (false) hope beguile them. They will come to know!” (15:3)

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Leave them, O Muhammad, these polytheists, to eat in this world,

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And to enjoy its pleasures and their desires therein,

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Until their appointed time which has been decreed for them.

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And let false hope distract them from taking their share of obedience to Allah while in it.

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For they will soon know tomorrow, when they are brought before Him, that they were in loss and ruin.

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“And We destroyed no township but there was a known decree for it.” (15:4)

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No nation can hasten its appointed time, nor can they delay it.

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And We have not destroyed, O Muhammad, any of the people of the towns that We destroyed in the past,

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But that it had a fixed time and a known duration.

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Likewise are the people of your town;

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We do not destroy its polytheist inhabitants until their decree has reached its end.

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No nation’s destruction is advanced before its appointed time,

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Nor is its destruction delayed beyond the time that has been set for it.

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“And they say: O thou unto whom the Reminder is revealed, lo! thou art indeed a madman!” (15:6)

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“Why bringest thou not angels unto us, if thou art of the truthful?” (15:7)

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These polytheists said,

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"O you to whom the Qur'an has been sent down,

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Which Allah has used to remind His creation through the admonitions it contains,

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You are surely mad in your call for us to follow you and abandon our gods.

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Why do you not bring us the angels to bear witness for you regarding the truth of what you say,

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If you are truthful in your claim that Allah the Exalted has sent you to us as a messenger?"

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“We send not down the angels save with the Fact, and in that case (the disbelievers) would not be tolerated.” (15:8)

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We do not send down Our angels except with the truth—with the message to Our messengers,

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Or with punishment for those whom We intend to punish.

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And if We had sent a sign to these polytheists and they disbelieved,

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They would not be granted respite, nor would they be delayed from the punishment.

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Rather, they would be hastened to it, just as We did with the nations before them when they asked for signs;

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They disbelieved when the signs came to them, so We hastened their punishment.

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“Lo! We, even We, reveal the Reminder, and lo! We verily are its Guardian.” (15:9)

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Indeed, it is We who have sent down the Qur'an, and indeed, We are its guardians,

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Protecting it from having falsehood added to it that is not part of it,

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Or having anything removed from it that belongs to it, such as its rulings, boundaries, and obligations.

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“We verily sent (messengers) before thee among the factions of the men of old.” (15:10)

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“And never came there unto them a messenger but they did mock him.” (15:11)

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And We have certainly sent, O Muhammad, messengers before you among the former nations.

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And no messenger ever came to the former people whom Allah sent,

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But that they would mock the messengers.

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“Thus do We make it traverse the hearts of the guilty:” (15:12)

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“They believe not therein, though the example of the men of old hath gone before.” (15:13)

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Just as We instilled disbelief in the hearts of the ancients through their mockery of the messengers,

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So do We act in the hearts of those who have committed crimes by disbelieving in Allah.

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Your people, in whose hearts We have instilled denial, will not believe in this Qur'an,

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Until they see the painful punishment.

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We have taken from them the Sunnah of their predecessors among the polytheists before them,

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From the nations that denied their messenger,

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And did not believe in what came to them from Allah,

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Until the wrath of Allah befell them and they were destroyed.

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“And even if We opened unto them a gate of heaven and they kept mounting through it,” (15:14)

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“They would say: Our sight is wrong - nay, but we are folk bewitched.” (15:15)

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And if We had opened for these polytheists, O Muhammad, a gate from the heaven,

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And they continued to ascend and climb through it,

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And it was said that the angels continued to ascend through it while they watched them with their own eyes,

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These polytheists would still say, "This is not the truth;

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Our eyes have only been dazzled and bewitched,

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So we do not see things as they truly are."

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And We have placed constellations in the heaven and beautified it for the beholders.

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And We have placed in the lowest heaven stations for the sun and the moon.

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And We have adorned the heaven with stars for those who look at it and perceive it.

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“And We have guarded it from every outcast devil,” (15:17)

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“Save him who stealeth the hearing, and them doth a clear flame pursue.” (15:18)

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And We have protected the lowest heaven from every devil whom Allah has pelted and cursed.

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However, a devil may steal a hearing of what is spoken in the heaven,

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So a flaming meteor follows him, revealing its effect upon him,

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Either by striking and corrupting him or by burning him.

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And the earth We have spread out, cast upon it firm mountains, and caused to grow therein,

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“And the earth have We spread out, and placed therein firm hills, and caused each seemly thing to grow therein.” (15:19)

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And the earth We have leveled and spread, and cast upon its surface firm mountains.

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And We have caused to grow in the earth everything in a measured and known quantity.

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“And we have given unto you livelihoods therein, and unto those for whom ye provide not.” (15:20)

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And We have provided for you, O people, means of livelihood on the earth,

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And We have placed therein those for whom you are not the providers,

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Such as slaves, bondwomen, beasts, and livestock.

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“And there is not a thing but with Us are the stores thereof. And we send it not down save in appointed measure.” (15:21)

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And there is no thing except that We have its storehouses, and We do not send it down except in a known measure, for every land has its limit and extent known to Us.

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“And We send the winds fertilising, and cause water to descend from the sky, and give it you to drink. It is not ye who are the holders of the store thereof.” (15:22)

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And We have sent the fertilizing winds; it is a fertilizer and a pollinator, and its pollination is its carrying of water.

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Its pollination of the clouds and trees is its function, so We sent down rain from the sky.

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So We gave you that rain to drink, for the irrigation of your land and your livestock.

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And you are not the keepers of the water that We sent down, so you cannot withhold it from those whom We give to drink,

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Because that is in My hand; I give it to whom I will.

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And indeed, it is We who give life to those who were dead if We will, and We cause to die those who are alive if We wish.

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And We shall inherit the earth and whoever is upon it by causing them all to die, so that no one remains alive but Us.

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“And verily We know the eager among you and verily We know the laggards.” (15:24)

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“Lo! thy Lord will gather them together. Lo! He is Wise, Aware.” (15:25)

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And We have certainly known the dead among you, O children of Adam, whose death has come early,

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And We have certainly known those who are the latecomers whose death has been delayed.

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And your Lord, O Muhammad, is the one who will gather all the first and the last before Him on the Day of Resurrection.

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Indeed, your Lord is Wise in His management of His creation, All-Knowing of their number and their deeds,

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And of the living among them and the dead, and the early ones and the late ones.

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“Verily We created man of potter's clay of black mud altered,” (15:26)

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And We created Adam from dry clay that had not been touched by fire.

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So when you tap it, it rings, and you hear a clinking sound from clay that has changed to black.

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“And the jinn did We create aforetime of essential fire.” (15:27)

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And Iblis, We created him before Adam from the scorching, hot fire that kills.

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“And (remember) when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am creating a mortal out of potter's clay of black mud altered,” (15:28)

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So when I have fashioned him and breathed into him of My spirit, then fall down before him in prostration.

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And mention, O Muhammad, when Allah said, "I am creating a human being from dry clay that has changed to black.

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So when I have created him, prostrate to him."

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So when I have created him and formed him, and perfected his form,

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And breathed into him of My spirit, he became a living human being.

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So fall down before him in prostration of greeting and honor, not prostration of worship.

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So the angels prostrated, all of them together.

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“Save Iblis. He refused to be among the prostrate.” (15:31)

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So when Allah created that human and breathed the spirit into him,

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The angels prostrated, all of them together,

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Except Iblis; he refused to be with those who prostrated.

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He did not prostrate to him with them, out of arrogance, envy, and transgression.

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He said, "O Iblis, what is the matter with you that you are not with those who prostrate?"

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“He said: I am not one to prostrate myself unto a mortal whom Thou hast created out of potter's clay of black mud altered!” (15:33)

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Allah said, "What prevented you from being with those who prostrate?"

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Iblis said, "I would not prostrate to a human whom You created from clay, while I am from fire,

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And fire consumes clay."

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He said, "Then get out of it, for you are rejected."

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“And lo! the curse shall be upon thee till the Day of Judgment.” (15:35)

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Allah said, "Then get out of it, for you are cursed,

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And the wrath of Allah is upon you for His expelling you from the heavens and driving you away from them,

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Until the Day of Recompense," which is the Day of Resurrection.

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He said, "My Lord, then respite me until the Day they are resurrected."

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He said, "Then you are of those respited,

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Until the day of the known time."

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Iblis said, "My Lord, since You have expelled me from the heavens and cursed me,

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Then respite me until the day You resurrect Your creation from their graves,

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And gather them for the station of the Resurrection."

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Allah said to him, "You are of those whose destruction is delayed

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Until the day of the known time for the destruction of all My creation."

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He said, "My Lord, because You have misled me, I will surely beautify for them on earth,

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And I will mislead them all,

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Except Your chosen servants among them."

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Iblis said, "My Lord, because of Your misleading me,

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I will surely make their disobedience appear fair to them,

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And I will make them love it on earth,

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And I will surely lead them astray from the path of righteousness,

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Except for those whom You have chosen by Your guidance and guided,

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For they are those over whom I have no authority and no power."

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“He said: This is a right course incumbent upon Me:” (15:41)

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“Lo! as for My slaves, thou hast no power over any of them save such of the froward as follow thee,” (15:42)

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Allah said, "This is a path that returns to Me.

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I will recompense everyone for their deeds.

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Indeed, My servants—you have no authority over them,

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Except for those who follow you in the misguidance to which you called them, from among those who went astray and perished."

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“And lo! for all such, hell will be the promised place.” (15:43)

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“It hath seven gates, and each gate hath an appointed portion.” (15:44)

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And indeed, Hell is the promised place for all of those who follow you.

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Hell has seven gates.

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For every gate, there is a portion and a share allotted for the followers of Iblis.

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Indeed, the righteous will be within gardens and springs.

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"Enter them in peace, safe."

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And We will remove whatever is in their chests of resentment, as brothers.

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“And We remove whatever rancour may be in their breasts. As brethren, face to face, (they rest) on couches raised.” (15:47)

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“Toil cometh not unto them there, nor will they be expelled from thence.” (15:48)

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Indeed, those who feared Allah through obedience and were mindful of Him,

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Will be in gardens and springs.

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It will be said to them, "Enter them in peace, safe from the punishment of Allah."

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And We will remove what is in the chests of these righteous people of hatred and malice toward one another.

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As brothers, some of them facing others,

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No one turns his back on another to look at his rear.

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No fatigue will touch these righteous people,

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And they will not be removed from Paradise and its bliss.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.