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Riyad al-Salihin

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From the words of the Master of the Messengers

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Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him

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Chapter on issues regarding fasting

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From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him

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From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, who said:

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"If one of you forgets and eats or drinks,

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then let him complete his fast,

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for it is Allah who has fed him and given him drink."

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Agreed upon

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Allah the Exalted has lifted the sin of forgetfulness

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from this Ummah.

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The one who eats or drinks while fasting

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completes his fast and is not liable for anything,

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whether it is a voluntary or an obligatory fast.

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This includes one who is overcome by something

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without choice or the ability to prevent it.

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From Laqit Ibn Saburah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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who said:

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"I said, 'O Messenger of Allah,

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inform me about wudu.'"

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He said:

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"Perform wudu thoroughly,

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interlace your fingers,

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and be thorough in sniffing water into the nose,

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unless you are fasting."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi

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"Perform wudu thoroughly,"

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meaning: complete the wudu.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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An explanation of the Sunnah practices of wudu,

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such as performing it thoroughly and interlacing the toes,

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and being thorough in sniffing water into the nose.

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Being thorough in sniffing water into the nose is a Sunnah,

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except when fasting,

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because there is a fear that water might enter his throat.

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From 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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would be overtaken by dawn while in a state of janabah (ritual impurity) from his wife,

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then he would perform ghusl and fast.

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Agreed upon

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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would have marital relations during Ramadan,

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and delay the ghusl until after the break of dawn,

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as an indication of its permissibility.

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From 'A'ishah and Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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would wake up in a state of janabah without having had a wet dream,

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then he would fast.

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Agreed upon

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Chapter on the excellence of fasting in Muharram, Sha'ban,

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and the sacred months.

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From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"The best fasting after Ramadan

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is the month of Allah, Muharram,

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and the best prayer after the obligatory prayer

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is the night prayer."

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Narrated by Muslim

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From 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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did not fast in any month more than in Sha'ban,

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for he used to fast all of Sha'ban.

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In another narration:

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He used to fast Sha'ban except for a little.

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Agreed upon

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Evidence for the excellence of fasting in Sha'ban.

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As for the fasting of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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whoever has the strength to do what he was able to do should follow his example.

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As for the one who fears weakness or that his fasting in Ramadan will be affected,

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it is disliked for him to fast after the middle of Sha'ban,

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as previously mentioned.

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From Mujibah al-Bahiliyyah,

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from her father or her uncle,

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that he came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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then he left,

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and came to him a year later,

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and his condition and appearance had changed.

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He said:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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do you not recognize me?"

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He said:

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"And who are you?"

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He said:

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"I am the Bahili

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who came to you last year."

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He said:

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"What has changed you,

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when you were in good condition?"

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He said:

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"I have not eaten any food since I left you except at night."

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"You have tortured yourself."

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Then he said:

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"Fast the month of patience (Ramadan)

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and one day from every month."

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He said:

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"Increase for me,

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for I have strength."

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He said:

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"Fast two days."

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He said:

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"Increase for me."

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He said:

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"Fast three days."

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He said:

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"Increase for me."

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He said:

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"Fast from the sacred months and leave off,"

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and he gestured with his three fingers,

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closing them and then opening them.

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Narrated by Abu Dawud

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The month of patience is

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Ramadan.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Voluntary fasting is encouraged,

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because it is an act of obedience that Allah and His Messenger love,

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especially in the sacred months.

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The dislike of fasting every day of the year.

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Chapter on the excellence of fasting and other deeds in the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah.

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From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days,"

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meaning the ten days.

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They said: "O Messenger of Allah,

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not even jihad in the way of Allah?"

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He said:

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"Not even jihad in the way of Allah,

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except for a man who went out with his self and his wealth,

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and did not return with anything of that."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The greatness of the status of jihad and the variation in its degrees.

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The ultimate goal in it is the sacrifice of self and wealth for Allah the Exalted.

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The superiority of certain times over others.

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The excellence of the ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah over other days of the year.

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The recommendation of fasting the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah.

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There is no contradiction between the recommendation of fasting the first ten days of Dhu al-Hijjah

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and the prohibition of fasting on the day of Eid al-Adha,

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for that is an exception to the general rule.

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Thus, nine days of Dhu al-Hijjah remain,

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the last of which is the day of 'Arafah.

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So reflect on this.

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The term "ten" is used as a figure of speech for the majority.

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Chapter on the excellence of fasting the day of 'Arafah, 'Ashura', and Tasu'a'.

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From Abu Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was asked

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about fasting the day of 'Arafah.

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He said: "It expiates the past and the coming year."

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Narrated by Muslim

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The excellence of fasting the day of 'Arafah,

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and that it expiates both major and minor sins.

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From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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fasted the day of 'Ashura'

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and commanded that it be fasted.

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Agreed upon

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Fasting the day of 'Ashura'

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was obligatory before Ramadan,

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then its obligation was abrogated when Ramadan came.

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What was abrogated was the obligation of fasting 'Ashura',

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but its recommendation remains.

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From Abu Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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was asked about fasting the day of 'Ashura',

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and he said: "It expiates the past year."

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Narrated by Muslim

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The recommendation of fasting the day of 'Ashura',

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and that it expiates the sins of the past year.

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From Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"If I remain until next year,

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I will surely fast the ninth."

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Narrated by Muslim

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"Next year,"

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meaning the coming year.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The recommendation of fasting the ninth and tenth of Muharram

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to differ from the Jews and the Christians.

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Chapter on the recommendation of fasting six days of Shawwal.

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From Abu Ayyub, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"Whoever fasts Ramadan,

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then follows it with six days of Shawwal,

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it is as if he fasted the entire year."

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Narrated by Muslim

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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A good deed is rewarded tenfold.

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Ramadan is thirty days,

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and six days of Shawwal,

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that is thirty-six days,

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and their reward is three hundred and sixty good deeds,

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That is a complete Sunnah.

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This is equivalent to fasting for an entire lifetime.

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For whoever remains consistent in doing so.

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The recommendation of fasting six days of Shawwal.

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It is permissible to fast those days.

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Whether consecutively or separately.

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Riyad al-Salihin.