1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:10,000 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 3 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:17,750 The Abridged Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 4 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:25,070 Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azimi, may Allah preserve him. 5 00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:32,109 The Revelation of the Verse of Expiation (Fidyah) 6 00:00:32,109 --> 00:00:37,109 The verse of expiation was revealed regarding Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 7 00:00:37,109 --> 00:00:39,109 Namely, the words of Allah the Exalted: 8 00:00:39,109 --> 00:00:45,109 "And complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for Allah..." 9 00:00:45,109 --> 00:00:49,109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 10 00:00:49,109 --> 00:00:55,109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 11 00:00:55,109 --> 00:01:03,109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 12 00:01:03,109 --> 00:01:11,239 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 13 00:01:11,239 --> 00:01:14,239 The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] recorded in their Sahihs 14 00:01:14,239 --> 00:01:17,239 On the authority of Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 15 00:01:17,239 --> 00:01:21,239 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood before me 16 00:01:22,239 --> 00:01:25,239 While lice were dropping from my head, 17 00:01:25,239 --> 00:01:26,239 And he said, 18 00:01:26,239 --> 00:01:28,239 'Are your vermin troubling you?' 19 00:01:28,239 --> 00:01:30,239 I said, 'Yes.' 20 00:01:30,239 --> 00:01:31,239 So he said, 21 00:01:31,239 --> 00:01:33,239 'Then shave your head,' 22 00:01:33,239 --> 00:01:34,239 Or he said, 23 00:01:34,239 --> 00:01:35,239 'Shave it.' 24 00:01:35,239 --> 00:01:36,239 Ka'b said, 25 00:01:36,239 --> 00:01:39,239 'It was concerning me that this verse was revealed,' 26 00:01:39,239 --> 00:01:44,340 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 27 00:01:44,340 --> 00:01:46,340 To the end of the verse. 28 00:01:46,340 --> 00:01:49,340 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said: 29 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:51,340 'Fast for three days, 30 00:01:51,340 --> 00:01:54,340 Or give in charity a Faraq [of food] distributed among six people, 31 00:01:54,340 --> 00:01:57,340 Or sacrifice whatever offering is easily attainable.' 32 00:01:57,340 --> 00:02:00,500 In another narration in the two Sahihs, 33 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:03,500 Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 34 00:02:03,500 --> 00:02:06,500 'I was brought to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 35 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:09,500 While lice were scattering across my face, 36 00:02:09,500 --> 00:02:13,530 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 37 00:02:13,530 --> 00:02:17,530 "I did not think that your suffering had reached such an extent. 38 00:02:17,530 --> 00:02:19,530 Can you find a sheep [to sacrifice]?" 39 00:02:19,530 --> 00:02:20,530 I said, "No." 40 00:02:20,530 --> 00:02:24,590 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 41 00:02:24,590 --> 00:02:26,590 "Fast for three days, 42 00:02:26,590 --> 00:02:29,590 Or feed six poor people, 43 00:02:29,590 --> 00:02:32,590 Giving each poor person half a Sa' of food, 44 00:02:32,590 --> 00:02:34,590 And shave your head."' 45 00:02:34,590 --> 00:02:36,719 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 46 00:02:36,719 --> 00:02:38,719 "The position of the four Imams 47 00:02:38,719 --> 00:02:40,719 And the majority of scholars 48 00:02:40,719 --> 00:02:43,719 Is that he is given a choice in this situation: 49 00:02:43,719 --> 00:02:45,719 If he wishes, he may fast; 50 00:02:45,719 --> 00:02:48,719 If he wishes, he may give a Faraq in charity, 51 00:02:48,719 --> 00:02:50,719 Which is equivalent to three Sa's, 52 00:02:50,719 --> 00:02:52,719 Giving half a Sa' to each poor person, 53 00:02:52,719 --> 00:02:54,719 Which equals two Mudds; 54 00:02:54,719 --> 00:02:59,719 And if he wishes, he may slaughter a sheep and give it in charity to the poor. 55 00:02:59,719 --> 00:03:02,719 Whichever of these he performs will suffice him." 56 00:03:02,719 --> 00:03:09,900 Being Prevented [from Completing] the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah 57 00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:14,439 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 58 00:03:14,439 --> 00:03:17,439 And his noble Companions were unable to perform the 'Umrah 59 00:03:17,439 --> 00:03:20,439 Because the Quraysh prevented them, 60 00:03:20,439 --> 00:03:23,439 Which is known in fiqh as being prevented (Ihsar) during 'Umrah. 61 00:03:23,439 --> 00:03:26,659 Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih 62 00:03:26,659 --> 00:03:30,659 On the authority of al-Bara' ibn 'Azib (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 63 00:03:30,659 --> 00:03:35,659 "When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was prevented from reaching the Sacred House, 64 00:03:35,659 --> 00:03:39,659 The people of Mecca concluded a treaty with him allowing him to enter it 65 00:03:39,659 --> 00:03:41,659 In the following year, 66 00:03:41,659 --> 00:03:43,659 And remain therein for three days." 67 00:03:43,659 --> 00:03:46,729 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih 68 00:03:46,729 --> 00:03:50,729 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 69 00:03:50,729 --> 00:03:54,729 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was indeed prevented, 70 00:03:54,729 --> 00:03:57,729 So he shaved his head, was intimate with his wives, 71 00:03:57,729 --> 00:03:59,729 And slaughtered his sacrificial animal, 72 00:03:59,729 --> 00:04:02,729 Until he performed 'Umrah the following year." 73 00:04:02,729 --> 00:04:05,819 Concerning this, the words of Allah the Exalted were revealed: 74 00:04:05,819 --> 00:04:11,819 "And complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for Allah..." 75 00:04:11,819 --> 00:04:15,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 76 00:04:15,819 --> 00:04:21,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 77 00:04:21,819 --> 00:04:29,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 78 00:04:29,819 --> 00:04:37,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 79 00:04:37,819 --> 00:04:44,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 80 00:04:44,819 --> 00:04:47,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 81 00:04:47,819 --> 00:04:53,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 82 00:04:53,819 --> 00:04:56,819 "...and seven when you return [home]; 83 00:04:56,819 --> 00:05:00,819 Those are ten complete [days]..." 84 00:05:00,819 --> 00:05:06,819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 85 00:05:06,819 --> 00:05:14,980 "And fear Allah, and know that Allah is severe in penalty." 86 00:05:14,980 --> 00:05:19,980 Imam al-Suhayli said, speaking about the Compensatory 'Umrah (Umrat al-Qada'), 87 00:05:19,980 --> 00:05:23,980 Which took place a year after the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah: 88 00:05:23,980 --> 00:05:26,980 "It was named the Compensatory 'Umrah 89 00:05:26,980 --> 00:05:31,980 Because the Prophet (peace be upon him) settled the treaty with Quraysh upon it, 90 00:05:31,980 --> 00:05:36,980 Not because he was making up an 'Umrah that had been spoiled when he was barred from the House, 91 00:05:36,980 --> 00:05:39,980 For it had not been invalidated by their turning him away from the House; 92 00:05:39,980 --> 00:05:43,980 Rather, it was a complete, accepted 'Umrah. 93 00:05:43,980 --> 00:05:48,980 Thus, it is counted among the Prophet's 'Umrahs (peace be upon him), 94 00:05:48,980 --> 00:05:53,980 Which were four: the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah, the Compensatory 'Umrah, 95 00:05:53,980 --> 00:05:55,980 The 'Umrah from al-Ji'ranah, 96 00:05:55,980 --> 00:06:03,259 And the 'Umrah he combined with his Hajj during the Farewell Pilgrimage." 97 00:06:03,259 --> 00:06:07,740 The Muslims' Grief over This Treaty 98 00:06:07,740 --> 00:06:11,740 Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwan ibn al-Hakam said: 99 00:06:11,740 --> 00:06:16,740 "The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had set out 100 00:06:16,740 --> 00:06:18,740 Having no doubt whatsoever of victory and entry [into Mecca], 101 00:06:18,740 --> 00:06:23,740 Due to a vision the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had seen. 102 00:06:23,740 --> 00:06:26,740 But when they witnessed the treaty, the obligation to return, 103 00:06:26,740 --> 00:06:31,740 And what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had conceded on his own part, 104 00:06:31,740 --> 00:06:34,740 The people were overcome by tremendous distress, 105 00:06:34,740 --> 00:06:37,740 To the point that they were nearly ruined [with grief]." 106 00:06:37,740 --> 00:06:40,959 The two Shaykhs recorded in their Sahihs 107 00:06:40,959 --> 00:06:44,959 On the authority of Sahl ibn Hunayf (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 108 00:06:44,959 --> 00:06:50,959 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 109 00:06:50,959 --> 00:06:53,959 And said, 'O Messenger of Allah! 110 00:06:53,959 --> 00:06:56,959 Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood?' 111 00:06:56,959 --> 00:06:58,990 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 112 00:06:58,990 --> 00:07:01,990 'Umar said, 'Are not our slain in Paradise 113 00:07:01,990 --> 00:07:03,990 And their slain in the Fire?' 114 00:07:03,990 --> 00:07:05,990 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 115 00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:09,990 'Umar said, 'Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion 116 00:07:09,990 --> 00:07:13,990 And turn back before Allah has judged between us and them?' 117 00:07:13,990 --> 00:07:18,089 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 118 00:07:18,089 --> 00:07:20,089 'O Ibn al-Khattab! 119 00:07:20,089 --> 00:07:22,089 I am truly the Messenger of Allah, 120 00:07:22,089 --> 00:07:25,089 And Allah will never forsake me.' 121 00:07:25,089 --> 00:07:28,379 Thereupon, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) departed, 122 00:07:28,379 --> 00:07:30,379 Unable to contain his simmering anger, 123 00:07:30,379 --> 00:07:33,379 And came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). 124 00:07:33,379 --> 00:07:36,379 He said, 'O Abu Bakr! 125 00:07:36,379 --> 00:07:39,379 Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood?' 126 00:07:39,379 --> 00:07:41,379 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 127 00:07:41,379 --> 00:07:46,379 'Umar said, 'Are not our slain in Paradise and their slain in the Fire?' 128 00:07:46,379 --> 00:07:48,379 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 129 00:07:48,379 --> 00:07:52,379 'Umar said, 'Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion, 130 00:07:52,379 --> 00:07:56,379 Turning back before Allah has judged between us and them?' 131 00:07:56,379 --> 00:07:58,379 Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 132 00:07:58,379 --> 00:08:00,379 'O Ibn al-Khattab! 133 00:08:00,379 --> 00:08:02,379 He is truly the Messenger of Allah, 134 00:08:02,379 --> 00:08:05,379 And Allah will never forsake him.' 135 00:08:05,379 --> 00:08:08,629 In another narration in Sahih al-Bukhari, 136 00:08:08,629 --> 00:08:11,629 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 137 00:08:11,629 --> 00:08:13,629 'Did you not tell us 138 00:08:13,629 --> 00:08:16,629 That we would go to the House and circumambulate it?' 139 00:08:16,629 --> 00:08:20,629 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 140 00:08:20,629 --> 00:08:21,629 'Yes, 141 00:08:21,629 --> 00:08:24,629 But did I tell you that we would go to it this year?' 142 00:08:24,629 --> 00:08:26,629 'Umar said, 'I said, "No."' 143 00:08:26,629 --> 00:08:30,629 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 144 00:08:30,629 --> 00:08:34,629 'You will certainly go to it and circumambulate it.' 145 00:08:34,629 --> 00:08:36,700 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) later said: 146 00:08:36,700 --> 00:08:39,700 'I continued to fast, give charity, 147 00:08:39,700 --> 00:08:43,700 Pray, and free slaves to atone for what I had done, 148 00:08:43,700 --> 00:08:47,700 Out of dread for the words I had spoken that day, 149 00:08:47,700 --> 00:08:50,700 Until I hoped that it would turn out well for me.' 150 00:08:50,700 --> 00:08:52,820 Imam al-Nawawi said: 151 00:08:52,820 --> 00:08:54,820 'The scholars said: 152 00:08:54,820 --> 00:08:57,820 'Umar's questioning (may Allah be pleased with him) 153 00:08:57,820 --> 00:09:00,820 And his spoken words were not out of doubt, 154 00:09:00,820 --> 00:09:03,820 But rather seeking clarification of what was hidden from him, 155 00:09:03,820 --> 00:09:07,820 And an eager desire to humble the disbelievers and manifest the supremacy of Islam, 156 00:09:07,820 --> 00:09:10,820 As was well known of his character (may Allah be pleased with him), 157 00:09:10,820 --> 00:09:13,820 His strength in championing the religion, 158 00:09:13,820 --> 00:09:15,820 And his zeal in abasing the proponents of falsehood.'" 159 00:09:15,820 --> 00:09:20,370 The Abridged Prophetic Biography (Seerah). 160 00:09:20,370 --> 00:09:26,370 Though the longing of creation for one another may endure, 161 00:09:26,370 --> 00:09:33,500 The longing for you transcends all bounds. 162 00:09:33,500 --> 00:09:40,070 May Allah shower blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 163 00:09:40,070 --> 00:09:49,190 And whenever lips move in reciting the enduring words.