WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:04.000 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:04.000 --> 00:00:10.000 Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:17.750 The Abridged Prophetic Biography (Seerah), 00:00:17.750 --> 00:00:25.070 Authored by Sheikh Musa ibn Rashid al-Azimi, may Allah preserve him. 00:00:25.070 --> 00:00:32.109 The Revelation of the Verse of Expiation (Fidyah) 00:00:32.109 --> 00:00:37.109 The verse of expiation was revealed regarding Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:00:37.109 --> 00:00:39.109 Namely, the words of Allah the Exalted: 00:00:39.109 --> 00:00:45.109 "And complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for Allah..." 00:00:45.109 --> 00:00:49.109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:00:49.109 --> 00:00:55.109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:00:55.109 --> 00:01:03.109 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:01:03.109 --> 00:01:11.239 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:01:11.239 --> 00:01:14.239 The two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim] recorded in their Sahihs 00:01:14.239 --> 00:01:17.239 On the authority of Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:01:17.239 --> 00:01:21.239 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stood before me 00:01:22.239 --> 00:01:25.239 While lice were dropping from my head, 00:01:25.239 --> 00:01:26.239 And he said, 00:01:26.239 --> 00:01:28.239 'Are your vermin troubling you?' 00:01:28.239 --> 00:01:30.239 I said, 'Yes.' 00:01:30.239 --> 00:01:31.239 So he said, 00:01:31.239 --> 00:01:33.239 'Then shave your head,' 00:01:33.239 --> 00:01:34.239 Or he said, 00:01:34.239 --> 00:01:35.239 'Shave it.' 00:01:35.239 --> 00:01:36.239 Ka'b said, 00:01:36.239 --> 00:01:39.239 'It was concerning me that this verse was revealed,' 00:01:39.239 --> 00:01:44.340 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:01:44.340 --> 00:01:46.340 To the end of the verse. 00:01:46.340 --> 00:01:49.340 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then said: 00:01:49.340 --> 00:01:51.340 'Fast for three days, 00:01:51.340 --> 00:01:54.340 Or give in charity a Faraq [of food] distributed among six people, 00:01:54.340 --> 00:01:57.340 Or sacrifice whatever offering is easily attainable.' 00:01:57.340 --> 00:02:00.500 In another narration in the two Sahihs, 00:02:00.500 --> 00:02:03.500 Ka'b ibn 'Ujrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:02:03.500 --> 00:02:06.500 'I was brought to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:02:06.500 --> 00:02:09.500 While lice were scattering across my face, 00:02:09.500 --> 00:02:13.530 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:02:13.530 --> 00:02:17.530 "I did not think that your suffering had reached such an extent. 00:02:17.530 --> 00:02:19.530 Can you find a sheep [to sacrifice]?" 00:02:19.530 --> 00:02:20.530 I said, "No." 00:02:20.530 --> 00:02:24.590 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:02:24.590 --> 00:02:26.590 "Fast for three days, 00:02:26.590 --> 00:02:29.590 Or feed six poor people, 00:02:29.590 --> 00:02:32.590 Giving each poor person half a Sa' of food, 00:02:32.590 --> 00:02:34.590 And shave your head."' 00:02:34.590 --> 00:02:36.719 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir said: 00:02:36.719 --> 00:02:38.719 "The position of the four Imams 00:02:38.719 --> 00:02:40.719 And the majority of scholars 00:02:40.719 --> 00:02:43.719 Is that he is given a choice in this situation: 00:02:43.719 --> 00:02:45.719 If he wishes, he may fast; 00:02:45.719 --> 00:02:48.719 If he wishes, he may give a Faraq in charity, 00:02:48.719 --> 00:02:50.719 Which is equivalent to three Sa's, 00:02:50.719 --> 00:02:52.719 Giving half a Sa' to each poor person, 00:02:52.719 --> 00:02:54.719 Which equals two Mudds; 00:02:54.719 --> 00:02:59.719 And if he wishes, he may slaughter a sheep and give it in charity to the poor. 00:02:59.719 --> 00:03:02.719 Whichever of these he performs will suffice him." 00:03:02.719 --> 00:03:09.900 Being Prevented [from Completing] the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah 00:03:09.900 --> 00:03:14.439 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:03:14.439 --> 00:03:17.439 And his noble Companions were unable to perform the 'Umrah 00:03:17.439 --> 00:03:20.439 Because the Quraysh prevented them, 00:03:20.439 --> 00:03:23.439 Which is known in fiqh as being prevented (Ihsar) during 'Umrah. 00:03:23.439 --> 00:03:26.659 Imam Muslim recorded in his Sahih 00:03:26.659 --> 00:03:30.659 On the authority of al-Bara' ibn 'Azib (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:03:30.659 --> 00:03:35.659 "When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was prevented from reaching the Sacred House, 00:03:35.659 --> 00:03:39.659 The people of Mecca concluded a treaty with him allowing him to enter it 00:03:39.659 --> 00:03:41.659 In the following year, 00:03:41.659 --> 00:03:43.659 And remain therein for three days." 00:03:43.659 --> 00:03:46.729 Imam al-Bukhari recorded in his Sahih 00:03:46.729 --> 00:03:50.729 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:03:50.729 --> 00:03:54.729 "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was indeed prevented, 00:03:54.729 --> 00:03:57.729 So he shaved his head, was intimate with his wives, 00:03:57.729 --> 00:03:59.729 And slaughtered his sacrificial animal, 00:03:59.729 --> 00:04:02.729 Until he performed 'Umrah the following year." 00:04:02.729 --> 00:04:05.819 Concerning this, the words of Allah the Exalted were revealed: 00:04:05.819 --> 00:04:11.819 "And complete the Hajj and 'Umrah for Allah..." 00:04:11.819 --> 00:04:15.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:15.819 --> 00:04:21.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:21.819 --> 00:04:29.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:29.819 --> 00:04:37.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:37.819 --> 00:04:44.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:44.819 --> 00:04:47.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:47.819 --> 00:04:53.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:04:53.819 --> 00:04:56.819 "...and seven when you return [home]; 00:04:56.819 --> 00:05:00.819 Those are ten complete [days]..." 00:05:00.819 --> 00:05:06.819 “Perform the pilgrimage and the visit (to Makka) for Allah. And if ye are prevented, then send such gifts as can be obtained with ease, and shave not your heads until the gifts have reached their destination. And whoever among you is sick or hath an ailment of the head must pay a ransom of fasting or almsgiving or offering. And if ye are in safety, then whosoever contenteth himself with the visit for the pilgrimage (shall give) such gifts as can be had with ease. And whosoever cannot find (such gifts), then a fast of three days while on the pilgrimage, and of seven when ye have returned; that is, ten in all. That is for him whoso folk are not present at the Inviolable Place of Worship. Observe your duty to Allah, and know that Allah is severe in punishment.” (2:196) 00:05:06.819 --> 00:05:14.980 "And fear Allah, and know that Allah is severe in penalty." 00:05:14.980 --> 00:05:19.980 Imam al-Suhayli said, speaking about the Compensatory 'Umrah (Umrat al-Qada'), 00:05:19.980 --> 00:05:23.980 Which took place a year after the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah: 00:05:23.980 --> 00:05:26.980 "It was named the Compensatory 'Umrah 00:05:26.980 --> 00:05:31.980 Because the Prophet (peace be upon him) settled the treaty with Quraysh upon it, 00:05:31.980 --> 00:05:36.980 Not because he was making up an 'Umrah that had been spoiled when he was barred from the House, 00:05:36.980 --> 00:05:39.980 For it had not been invalidated by their turning him away from the House; 00:05:39.980 --> 00:05:43.980 Rather, it was a complete, accepted 'Umrah. 00:05:43.980 --> 00:05:48.980 Thus, it is counted among the Prophet's 'Umrahs (peace be upon him), 00:05:48.980 --> 00:05:53.980 Which were four: the 'Umrah of al-Hudaybiyyah, the Compensatory 'Umrah, 00:05:53.980 --> 00:05:55.980 The 'Umrah from al-Ji'ranah, 00:05:55.980 --> 00:06:03.259 And the 'Umrah he combined with his Hajj during the Farewell Pilgrimage." 00:06:03.259 --> 00:06:07.740 The Muslims' Grief over This Treaty 00:06:07.740 --> 00:06:11.740 Al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwan ibn al-Hakam said: 00:06:11.740 --> 00:06:16.740 "The Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had set out 00:06:16.740 --> 00:06:18.740 Having no doubt whatsoever of victory and entry [into Mecca], 00:06:18.740 --> 00:06:23.740 Due to a vision the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had seen. 00:06:23.740 --> 00:06:26.740 But when they witnessed the treaty, the obligation to return, 00:06:26.740 --> 00:06:31.740 And what the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had conceded on his own part, 00:06:31.740 --> 00:06:34.740 The people were overcome by tremendous distress, 00:06:34.740 --> 00:06:37.740 To the point that they were nearly ruined [with grief]." 00:06:37.740 --> 00:06:40.959 The two Shaykhs recorded in their Sahihs 00:06:40.959 --> 00:06:44.959 On the authority of Sahl ibn Hunayf (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:06:44.959 --> 00:06:50.959 "'Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:06:50.959 --> 00:06:53.959 And said, 'O Messenger of Allah! 00:06:53.959 --> 00:06:56.959 Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood?' 00:06:56.959 --> 00:06:58.990 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 00:06:58.990 --> 00:07:01.990 'Umar said, 'Are not our slain in Paradise 00:07:01.990 --> 00:07:03.990 And their slain in the Fire?' 00:07:03.990 --> 00:07:05.990 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 00:07:05.990 --> 00:07:09.990 'Umar said, 'Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion 00:07:09.990 --> 00:07:13.990 And turn back before Allah has judged between us and them?' 00:07:13.990 --> 00:07:18.089 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:07:18.089 --> 00:07:20.089 'O Ibn al-Khattab! 00:07:20.089 --> 00:07:22.089 I am truly the Messenger of Allah, 00:07:22.089 --> 00:07:25.089 And Allah will never forsake me.' 00:07:25.089 --> 00:07:28.379 Thereupon, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) departed, 00:07:28.379 --> 00:07:30.379 Unable to contain his simmering anger, 00:07:30.379 --> 00:07:33.379 And came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:07:33.379 --> 00:07:36.379 He said, 'O Abu Bakr! 00:07:36.379 --> 00:07:39.379 Are we not upon the truth and they upon falsehood?' 00:07:39.379 --> 00:07:41.379 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 00:07:41.379 --> 00:07:46.379 'Umar said, 'Are not our slain in Paradise and their slain in the Fire?' 00:07:46.379 --> 00:07:48.379 He replied, 'Yes, indeed.' 00:07:48.379 --> 00:07:52.379 'Umar said, 'Then why should we accept humiliation in our religion, 00:07:52.379 --> 00:07:56.379 Turning back before Allah has judged between us and them?' 00:07:56.379 --> 00:07:58.379 Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:07:58.379 --> 00:08:00.379 'O Ibn al-Khattab! 00:08:00.379 --> 00:08:02.379 He is truly the Messenger of Allah, 00:08:02.379 --> 00:08:05.379 And Allah will never forsake him.' 00:08:05.379 --> 00:08:08.629 In another narration in Sahih al-Bukhari, 00:08:08.629 --> 00:08:11.629 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 00:08:11.629 --> 00:08:13.629 'Did you not tell us 00:08:13.629 --> 00:08:16.629 That we would go to the House and circumambulate it?' 00:08:16.629 --> 00:08:20.629 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:08:20.629 --> 00:08:21.629 'Yes, 00:08:21.629 --> 00:08:24.629 But did I tell you that we would go to it this year?' 00:08:24.629 --> 00:08:26.629 'Umar said, 'I said, "No."' 00:08:26.629 --> 00:08:30.629 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:08:30.629 --> 00:08:34.629 'You will certainly go to it and circumambulate it.' 00:08:34.629 --> 00:08:36.700 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) later said: 00:08:36.700 --> 00:08:39.700 'I continued to fast, give charity, 00:08:39.700 --> 00:08:43.700 Pray, and free slaves to atone for what I had done, 00:08:43.700 --> 00:08:47.700 Out of dread for the words I had spoken that day, 00:08:47.700 --> 00:08:50.700 Until I hoped that it would turn out well for me.' 00:08:50.700 --> 00:08:52.820 Imam al-Nawawi said: 00:08:52.820 --> 00:08:54.820 'The scholars said: 00:08:54.820 --> 00:08:57.820 'Umar's questioning (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:08:57.820 --> 00:09:00.820 And his spoken words were not out of doubt, 00:09:00.820 --> 00:09:03.820 But rather seeking clarification of what was hidden from him, 00:09:03.820 --> 00:09:07.820 And an eager desire to humble the disbelievers and manifest the supremacy of Islam, 00:09:07.820 --> 00:09:10.820 As was well known of his character (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:09:10.820 --> 00:09:13.820 His strength in championing the religion, 00:09:13.820 --> 00:09:15.820 And his zeal in abasing the proponents of falsehood.'" 00:09:15.820 --> 00:09:20.370 The Abridged Prophetic Biography (Seerah). 00:09:20.370 --> 00:09:26.370 Though the longing of creation for one another may endure, 00:09:26.370 --> 00:09:33.500 The longing for you transcends all bounds. 00:09:33.500 --> 00:09:40.070 May Allah shower blessings upon you whenever the call to prayer is raised, 00:09:40.070 --> 00:09:49.190 And whenever lips move in reciting the enduring words.