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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari,

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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammar.

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Surah an-Nur.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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"[This is] a Surah which We have revealed and ordained,

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“(Here is) a surah which We have revealed and enjoined, and wherein We have revealed plain tokens, that haply ye may take heed.” (24:1)

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“(Here is) a surah which We have revealed and enjoined, and wherein We have revealed plain tokens, that haply ye may take heed.” (24:1)

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that you may remember."

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This is a Surah that We have revealed,

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making its prescribed rulings obligatory upon you,

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binding you to them, and clarifying them for you.

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And We have revealed within this Surah clear proofs and signs of the truth,

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evident to whoever reflects and ponders upon them,

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so that you may take heed through these clear verses We have sent down.

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Whoever among men or women commits unlawful sexual intercourse,

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being free and unmarried—never having been sheltered by marriage—

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flog each of them with a hundred stripes.

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And do not let pity for the male or female adulterer withhold you,

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O believers, out of tender mercy from obeying Allah,

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regarding what He has commanded you to implement of the prescribed legal punishment against them,

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if you truly believe in Allah, your Lord,

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and in the Last Day.

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For whoever genuinely believes in that

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will never disobey Allah in His commands and prohibitions.

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And let the flogging of the two unmarried fornicators, as their prescribed punishment, be witnessed

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by a group of believers in Allah and His Messenger.

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“The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3)

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“The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3)

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“The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3)

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The fornicator only engages in intercourse with a fornicatress who does not deem fornication forbidden,

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or an idolatress who considers it lawful;

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and the fornicatress likewise.

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And such unlawful intercourse has been forbidden to the believers in Allah and His Messenger.

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"And those who accuse chaste women,

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“And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4)

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flog them with eighty stripes,

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“And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4)

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and those are the defiantly disobedient."

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Those who revile chaste, free Muslim women,

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falsely accusing them of fornication,

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and then fail to substantiate what they accused them of

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with four upright witnesses

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who testify that they actually saw them committing the act:

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flog those who accused them with eighty stripes.

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“And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4)

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"And those are the ones who have defied the command of Allah,

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departed from obedience to Him, and thus become defiantly disobedient."

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"Except those who repent thereafter and reform,

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for indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful."

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Except those who repent of their crime that they committed

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by falsely accusing chaste women;

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for Allah will conceal their sins through His pardon,

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being merciful to them after repentance by not punishing them for it;

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so accept their testimony and do not designate them as defiantly disobedient.

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"And those who accuse their spouses,

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“As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6)

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“As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6)

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“As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6)

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“As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6)

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that he is of the truthful.

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And the fifth [oath] that the curse of Allah be upon him..."

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“And yet a fifth, invoking the curse of Allah on him if he is of those who lie.” (24:7)

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Those who accuse their wives of indecency,

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charging them with adultery,

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while having no witnesses to testify on their behalf

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to the truth of the indecency they charged them with:

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one of them shall swear four oaths by Allah,

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by stating:

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"I testify by Allah that I am indeed among the truthful

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in accusing my wife of this indecency."

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And in the fifth testimony, he shall say:

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that the curse of Allah is binding upon him,

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and will certainly descend upon him,

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if he is, in what he accused her of

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regarding that indecency, among the liars.

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"And it will avert punishment from her,

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“And it shall avert the punishment from her if she bear witness before Allah four times that the thing he saith is indeed false,” (24:8)

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that he is of the liars."

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“And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9)

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“And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9)

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The prescribed punishment is averted from her if she swears four oaths by Allah

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that her husband, who accused her

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of the indecency he charged her with,

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is indeed among the liars regarding his accusation of adultery against her.

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And the fifth oath:

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“And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9)

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if her husband, in what he accused her of

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regarding adultery, is among the truthful.

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"And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy..."

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“And had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you, and that Allah is Clement, Wise, (ye had been undone).” (24:10)

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And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you,

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O people, and His mercy toward you,

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and that He constantly bestows upon His creation

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His gentleness and abundant grace,

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being All-Wise in His governance of them,

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He would have hastened the punishment upon you;

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but He concealed your sins.

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So give thanks for His blessings, and desist

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from engaging in the acts of disobedience He forbade you from.

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"Indeed, those who brought forth the slander

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are a group among you;

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“Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11)

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“Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11)

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for every person among them

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“Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11)

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“Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11)

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will be a great punishment."

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Indeed, those who brought forth the lie and falsehood

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are a band from among you, O people.

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Do not think that the sin they brought forth

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is bad for you in the sight of Allah and among the people;

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rather, it is good for you.

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That is because Allah makes it

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an expiation for the one who was falsely accused,

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makes manifest their innocence of what they were accused of,

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and grants them a way out from it.

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For every person among those who brought forth the sin

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is the recompense for the sin he committed,

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being held accountable according to what he brought forth.

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And the one who took upon himself the greater part of that sin and slander among them,

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being the one who initiated delving into it—

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and there is no disagreement among the scholars of the Prophetic biography (Seerah)

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that the one who initiated mentioning the slander,

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gathering his people and speaking to them,

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was Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul.

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"Why, when you heard it,

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did not the believing men and believing women think,

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and say,

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'This is an obvious slander'?"

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Why did you not, O people,

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when you heard what the people of the slander said about Aisha,

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think well of the one accused of that

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from among you, and not presume

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that they committed any indecency?

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And why did not the believing men and believing women say:

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"What we heard from these people, with which she was slandered,

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is a lie and a grave sin,

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evident to anyone who reasons and ponders,

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to be a lie, a sin, and a sheer falsehood"?

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Why did this faction not—

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since they brought forth the slander and accused Aisha of falsehood—

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bring four witnesses to testify

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to their claim about her and what they accused her of?

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And since they failed to bring the four witnesses

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to substantiate the truth of what they accused her of,

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then this faction who accused her of that

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“Why did they not produce four witnesses? Since they produce not witnesses, they verily are liars in the sight of Allah.” (24:13)

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are the liars regarding the slander they brought forth.

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"There would have touched you for what you took part in,

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a great punishment.

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When you received it with your tongues

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and said with your mouths

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that of which you had no knowledge,

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and considered it a slight matter,

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and considered it a slight matter..."

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“When ye welcomed it with your tongues, and uttered with your mouths that whereof ye had no knowledge, ye counted it a trifle. In the sight of Allah it is very great.” (24:15)

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And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you,

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O you who indulged in the matter of Aisha,

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by refraining from hastening your punishment,

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and His mercy upon you,

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in pardoning you in this world and the Hereafter

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by accepting your repentance,

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there would have touched you for what you delved into regarding Aisha's affair

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a tremendous punishment.

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And you said with your mouths

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that of which you had no knowledge regarding the matter

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that you were narrating,

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saying:

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"We heard that Aisha did such and such,"

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without knowing the reality of that,

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nor its authenticity,

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thinking that your utterance

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was a slight, negligible matter,

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whereas by it you were causing hurt to

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the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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and to his lawful wife.

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And why did you not, O you who delved

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into the slander, when you heard it from whoever brought it forth,

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say: "It is not lawful for us to speak of this,

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nor is it proper for us to utter it.

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Exalted are You, O my Lord, in Your glory!

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We declare our innocence before You of what these people brought forth;

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this statement is a monstrous slander!"?

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"Allah admonishes you lest you return

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to the like of it, ever,

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if you should be believers.

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And Allah makes clear

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to you the verses,

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and Allah is Knowing and Wise."

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Allah reminds you

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and forbids you through the verses of His Book,

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so that you never repeat the like of your deed

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which you committed regarding the matter of Aisha,

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if you truly take heed of the admonitions of Allah,

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comply with His command, and desist

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from what He has forbidden you,

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so that the obedient may be distinguished from the disobedient.

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And Allah is All-Knowing of you and your deeds,

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All-Wise in the governance of His creation.

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"Indeed, those who like

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that indecency should spread

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“Lo! those who love that slander should be spread concerning those who believe, theirs will be a painful punishment in the world and the Hereafter. Allah knoweth. Ye know not.” (24:19)

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a painful punishment;

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for them is a painful punishment

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in this world and the Hereafter.

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And Allah knows,

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while you do not know."

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Indeed, those who love for fornication to spread

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among those who believe in Allah and His Messenger,

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and wish for it to become widespread among them,

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will have a painful punishment in this world through the legal penalty,

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and in the Hereafter the torment of Hellfire,

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if they die persisting in that without repenting.

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And Allah knows the falsehood of those who brought it forth

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from their truthfulness,

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whereas you, O people, do not know that.

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And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you,

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O people, and His mercy toward you,

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and that Allah is full of kindness and mercy toward His creation,

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you would surely have perished on account of what you indulged in.

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The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari.