WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari, 00:00:08.619 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqeel Ibn Salim al-Shammar. 00:00:14.039 --> 00:00:16.000 Surah an-Nur. 00:00:18.589 --> 00:00:22.670 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.949 --> 00:00:27.109 "[This is] a Surah which We have revealed and ordained, 00:00:27.109 --> 00:00:32.829 “(Here is) a surah which We have revealed and enjoined, and wherein We have revealed plain tokens, that haply ye may take heed.” (24:1) 00:00:33.229 --> 00:00:37.950 “(Here is) a surah which We have revealed and enjoined, and wherein We have revealed plain tokens, that haply ye may take heed.” (24:1) 00:00:37.950 --> 00:00:40.909 that you may remember." 00:00:42.380 --> 00:00:44.500 This is a Surah that We have revealed, 00:00:44.500 --> 00:00:47.579 making its prescribed rulings obligatory upon you, 00:00:48.140 --> 00:00:51.340 binding you to them, and clarifying them for you. 00:00:51.939 --> 00:00:56.460 And We have revealed within this Surah clear proofs and signs of the truth, 00:00:56.939 --> 00:01:00.140 evident to whoever reflects and ponders upon them, 00:01:00.140 --> 00:01:05.340 so that you may take heed through these clear verses We have sent down. 00:01:32.030 --> 00:01:36.829 Whoever among men or women commits unlawful sexual intercourse, 00:01:36.829 --> 00:01:40.829 being free and unmarried—never having been sheltered by marriage— 00:01:40.829 --> 00:01:43.829 flog each of them with a hundred stripes. 00:01:43.829 --> 00:01:46.829 And do not let pity for the male or female adulterer withhold you, 00:01:46.829 --> 00:01:50.829 O believers, out of tender mercy from obeying Allah, 00:01:50.829 --> 00:01:54.829 regarding what He has commanded you to implement of the prescribed legal punishment against them, 00:01:54.829 --> 00:01:57.829 if you truly believe in Allah, your Lord, 00:01:57.829 --> 00:01:59.829 and in the Last Day. 00:01:59.829 --> 00:02:02.829 For whoever genuinely believes in that 00:02:02.829 --> 00:02:06.829 will never disobey Allah in His commands and prohibitions. 00:02:06.829 --> 00:02:10.830 And let the flogging of the two unmarried fornicators, as their prescribed punishment, be witnessed 00:02:10.830 --> 00:02:14.830 by a group of believers in Allah and His Messenger. 00:02:14.830 --> 00:02:21.729 “The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3) 00:02:21.729 --> 00:02:27.729 “The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3) 00:02:27.729 --> 00:02:33.659 “The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is forbidden unto believers.” (24:3) 00:02:33.659 --> 00:02:38.659 The fornicator only engages in intercourse with a fornicatress who does not deem fornication forbidden, 00:02:38.659 --> 00:02:41.659 or an idolatress who considers it lawful; 00:02:41.659 --> 00:02:43.659 and the fornicatress likewise. 00:02:43.659 --> 00:02:47.659 And such unlawful intercourse has been forbidden to the believers in Allah and His Messenger. 00:02:47.659 --> 00:02:51.460 "And those who accuse chaste women, 00:02:51.460 --> 00:02:56.460 “And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4) 00:02:56.460 --> 00:03:01.460 flog them with eighty stripes, 00:03:01.460 --> 00:03:06.460 “And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4) 00:03:06.460 --> 00:03:11.460 and those are the defiantly disobedient." 00:03:11.460 --> 00:03:16.259 Those who revile chaste, free Muslim women, 00:03:16.259 --> 00:03:18.259 falsely accusing them of fornication, 00:03:18.259 --> 00:03:22.259 and then fail to substantiate what they accused them of 00:03:22.259 --> 00:03:24.259 with four upright witnesses 00:03:24.259 --> 00:03:29.259 who testify that they actually saw them committing the act: 00:03:29.259 --> 00:03:33.259 flog those who accused them with eighty stripes. 00:03:33.259 --> 00:03:37.259 “And those who accuse honourable women but bring not four witnesses, scourge them (with) eighty stripes and never (afterward) accept their testimony - They indeed are evil-doers -” (24:4) 00:03:37.259 --> 00:03:40.259 "And those are the ones who have defied the command of Allah, 00:03:40.259 --> 00:03:43.259 departed from obedience to Him, and thus become defiantly disobedient." 00:03:43.259 --> 00:03:50.120 "Except those who repent thereafter and reform, 00:03:50.120 --> 00:03:54.120 for indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful." 00:03:55.120 --> 00:03:59.979 Except those who repent of their crime that they committed 00:03:59.979 --> 00:04:01.979 by falsely accusing chaste women; 00:04:01.979 --> 00:04:05.979 for Allah will conceal their sins through His pardon, 00:04:05.979 --> 00:04:09.979 being merciful to them after repentance by not punishing them for it; 00:04:09.979 --> 00:04:13.979 so accept their testimony and do not designate them as defiantly disobedient. 00:04:13.979 --> 00:04:18.819 "And those who accuse their spouses, 00:04:18.819 --> 00:04:23.819 “As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6) 00:04:23.819 --> 00:04:28.819 “As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6) 00:04:28.819 --> 00:04:33.819 “As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6) 00:04:33.819 --> 00:04:38.819 “As for those who accuse their wives but have no witnesses except themselves; let the testimony of one of them be four testimonies, (swearing) by Allah that he is of those who speak the truth;” (24:6) 00:04:38.819 --> 00:04:42.819 that he is of the truthful. 00:04:42.819 --> 00:04:47.819 And the fifth [oath] that the curse of Allah be upon him..." 00:04:47.819 --> 00:04:50.819 “And yet a fifth, invoking the curse of Allah on him if he is of those who lie.” (24:7) 00:04:50.819 --> 00:04:54.550 Those who accuse their wives of indecency, 00:04:54.550 --> 00:04:57.550 charging them with adultery, 00:04:57.550 --> 00:05:00.550 while having no witnesses to testify on their behalf 00:05:00.550 --> 00:05:03.550 to the truth of the indecency they charged them with: 00:05:03.550 --> 00:05:07.550 one of them shall swear four oaths by Allah, 00:05:07.550 --> 00:05:09.550 by stating: 00:05:09.550 --> 00:05:12.550 "I testify by Allah that I am indeed among the truthful 00:05:12.550 --> 00:05:15.550 in accusing my wife of this indecency." 00:05:15.550 --> 00:05:18.550 And in the fifth testimony, he shall say: 00:05:18.550 --> 00:05:21.550 that the curse of Allah is binding upon him, 00:05:21.550 --> 00:05:23.550 and will certainly descend upon him, 00:05:23.550 --> 00:05:25.550 if he is, in what he accused her of 00:05:25.550 --> 00:05:28.550 regarding that indecency, among the liars. 00:05:28.550 --> 00:05:31.480 "And it will avert punishment from her, 00:05:31.480 --> 00:05:35.480 “And it shall avert the punishment from her if she bear witness before Allah four times that the thing he saith is indeed false,” (24:8) 00:05:35.480 --> 00:05:39.480 that he is of the liars." 00:05:39.480 --> 00:05:43.480 “And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9) 00:05:43.480 --> 00:05:47.480 “And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9) 00:05:47.480 --> 00:05:53.379 The prescribed punishment is averted from her if she swears four oaths by Allah 00:05:53.379 --> 00:05:55.379 that her husband, who accused her 00:05:55.379 --> 00:05:58.379 of the indecency he charged her with, 00:05:58.379 --> 00:06:02.410 is indeed among the liars regarding his accusation of adultery against her. 00:06:02.410 --> 00:06:04.410 And the fifth oath: 00:06:04.410 --> 00:06:06.410 “And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9) 00:06:06.410 --> 00:06:09.410 if her husband, in what he accused her of 00:06:09.410 --> 00:06:11.410 regarding adultery, is among the truthful. 00:06:11.410 --> 00:06:16.370 "And if not for the favor of Allah upon you and His mercy..." 00:06:16.370 --> 00:06:21.370 “And had it not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy unto you, and that Allah is Clement, Wise, (ye had been undone).” (24:10) 00:06:21.370 --> 00:06:24.230 And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you, 00:06:24.230 --> 00:06:27.230 O people, and His mercy toward you, 00:06:27.230 --> 00:06:29.230 and that He constantly bestows upon His creation 00:06:29.230 --> 00:06:31.230 His gentleness and abundant grace, 00:06:31.230 --> 00:06:34.230 being All-Wise in His governance of them, 00:06:34.230 --> 00:06:36.230 He would have hastened the punishment upon you; 00:06:36.230 --> 00:06:40.230 but He concealed your sins. 00:06:40.230 --> 00:06:42.230 So give thanks for His blessings, and desist 00:06:42.230 --> 00:06:46.230 from engaging in the acts of disobedience He forbade you from. 00:06:46.230 --> 00:06:50.899 "Indeed, those who brought forth the slander 00:06:50.899 --> 00:06:54.899 are a group among you; 00:06:54.899 --> 00:06:57.899 “Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11) 00:06:57.899 --> 00:07:00.899 “Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11) 00:07:00.899 --> 00:07:03.899 for every person among them 00:07:03.899 --> 00:07:05.899 “Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11) 00:07:05.899 --> 00:07:08.899 “Lo! they who spread the slander are a gang among you. Deem it not a bad thing for you; nay, it is good for you. Unto every man of them (will be paid) that which he hath earned of the sin; and as for him among them who had the greater share therein, his will be an awful doom.” (24:11) 00:07:08.899 --> 00:07:13.829 will be a great punishment." 00:07:13.829 --> 00:07:16.829 Indeed, those who brought forth the lie and falsehood 00:07:16.829 --> 00:07:19.829 are a band from among you, O people. 00:07:19.829 --> 00:07:22.829 Do not think that the sin they brought forth 00:07:22.829 --> 00:07:25.829 is bad for you in the sight of Allah and among the people; 00:07:25.829 --> 00:07:27.829 rather, it is good for you. 00:07:27.829 --> 00:07:30.829 That is because Allah makes it 00:07:30.829 --> 00:07:32.829 an expiation for the one who was falsely accused, 00:07:32.829 --> 00:07:35.829 makes manifest their innocence of what they were accused of, 00:07:35.829 --> 00:07:38.829 and grants them a way out from it. 00:07:38.829 --> 00:07:41.829 For every person among those who brought forth the sin 00:07:41.829 --> 00:07:44.829 is the recompense for the sin he committed, 00:07:44.829 --> 00:07:47.829 being held accountable according to what he brought forth. 00:07:47.829 --> 00:07:50.829 And the one who took upon himself the greater part of that sin and slander among them, 00:07:50.829 --> 00:07:53.829 being the one who initiated delving into it— 00:07:53.829 --> 00:07:56.829 and there is no disagreement among the scholars of the Prophetic biography (Seerah) 00:07:56.829 --> 00:07:59.829 that the one who initiated mentioning the slander, 00:07:59.829 --> 00:08:02.829 gathering his people and speaking to them, 00:08:02.829 --> 00:08:06.660 was Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul. 00:08:06.660 --> 00:08:09.660 "Why, when you heard it, 00:08:09.660 --> 00:08:12.660 did not the believing men and believing women think, 00:08:13.660 --> 00:08:16.660 and say, 00:08:16.660 --> 00:08:19.660 'This is an obvious slander'?" 00:08:19.660 --> 00:08:23.750 Why did you not, O people, 00:08:23.750 --> 00:08:26.750 when you heard what the people of the slander said about Aisha, 00:08:26.750 --> 00:08:29.750 think well of the one accused of that 00:08:29.750 --> 00:08:32.750 from among you, and not presume 00:08:32.750 --> 00:08:35.750 that they committed any indecency? 00:08:35.750 --> 00:08:38.750 And why did not the believing men and believing women say: 00:08:38.750 --> 00:08:41.750 "What we heard from these people, with which she was slandered, 00:08:41.750 --> 00:08:44.750 is a lie and a grave sin, 00:08:44.750 --> 00:08:47.750 evident to anyone who reasons and ponders, 00:08:47.750 --> 00:08:50.750 to be a lie, a sin, and a sheer falsehood"? 00:09:08.360 --> 00:09:12.000 Why did this faction not— 00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:15.000 since they brought forth the slander and accused Aisha of falsehood— 00:09:15.000 --> 00:09:18.000 bring four witnesses to testify 00:09:18.000 --> 00:09:21.000 to their claim about her and what they accused her of? 00:09:21.000 --> 00:09:24.000 And since they failed to bring the four witnesses 00:09:24.000 --> 00:09:27.000 to substantiate the truth of what they accused her of, 00:09:27.000 --> 00:09:30.000 then this faction who accused her of that 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:33.000 “Why did they not produce four witnesses? Since they produce not witnesses, they verily are liars in the sight of Allah.” (24:13) 00:09:33.000 --> 00:09:36.830 are the liars regarding the slander they brought forth. 00:09:42.830 --> 00:09:45.830 "There would have touched you for what you took part in, 00:09:45.830 --> 00:09:48.830 a great punishment. 00:09:48.830 --> 00:09:51.830 When you received it with your tongues 00:09:51.830 --> 00:09:54.830 and said with your mouths 00:09:54.830 --> 00:09:57.830 that of which you had no knowledge, 00:10:04.830 --> 00:10:07.830 and considered it a slight matter, 00:10:07.830 --> 00:10:10.830 and considered it a slight matter..." 00:10:10.830 --> 00:10:13.830 “When ye welcomed it with your tongues, and uttered with your mouths that whereof ye had no knowledge, ye counted it a trifle. In the sight of Allah it is very great.” (24:15) 00:10:13.830 --> 00:10:17.629 And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you, 00:10:17.629 --> 00:10:20.629 O you who indulged in the matter of Aisha, 00:10:20.629 --> 00:10:23.629 by refraining from hastening your punishment, 00:10:23.629 --> 00:10:26.629 and His mercy upon you, 00:10:26.629 --> 00:10:29.629 in pardoning you in this world and the Hereafter 00:10:29.629 --> 00:10:32.629 by accepting your repentance, 00:10:32.629 --> 00:10:35.629 there would have touched you for what you delved into regarding Aisha's affair 00:10:35.629 --> 00:10:38.629 a tremendous punishment. 00:10:39.629 --> 00:10:42.629 And you said with your mouths 00:10:42.629 --> 00:10:45.629 that of which you had no knowledge regarding the matter 00:10:45.629 --> 00:10:47.629 that you were narrating, 00:10:47.629 --> 00:10:50.629 saying: 00:10:50.629 --> 00:10:53.629 "We heard that Aisha did such and such," 00:10:53.629 --> 00:10:56.629 without knowing the reality of that, 00:10:56.629 --> 00:10:59.629 nor its authenticity, 00:10:59.629 --> 00:11:02.629 thinking that your utterance 00:11:02.629 --> 00:11:05.629 was a slight, negligible matter, 00:11:06.629 --> 00:11:09.629 whereas by it you were causing hurt to 00:11:09.629 --> 00:11:12.629 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:11:12.629 --> 00:11:16.529 and to his lawful wife. 00:11:28.529 --> 00:11:32.360 And why did you not, O you who delved 00:11:32.360 --> 00:11:35.360 into the slander, when you heard it from whoever brought it forth, 00:11:35.360 --> 00:11:38.360 say: "It is not lawful for us to speak of this, 00:11:38.360 --> 00:11:41.360 nor is it proper for us to utter it. 00:11:41.360 --> 00:11:44.360 Exalted are You, O my Lord, in Your glory! 00:11:44.360 --> 00:11:47.360 We declare our innocence before You of what these people brought forth; 00:11:47.360 --> 00:11:50.360 this statement is a monstrous slander!"? 00:11:50.360 --> 00:11:54.289 "Allah admonishes you lest you return 00:11:54.289 --> 00:11:57.289 to the like of it, ever, 00:11:57.289 --> 00:12:00.289 if you should be believers. 00:12:00.289 --> 00:12:03.289 And Allah makes clear 00:12:03.289 --> 00:12:06.289 to you the verses, 00:12:06.289 --> 00:12:09.289 and Allah is Knowing and Wise." 00:12:09.289 --> 00:12:13.279 Allah reminds you 00:12:13.279 --> 00:12:16.279 and forbids you through the verses of His Book, 00:12:16.279 --> 00:12:19.279 so that you never repeat the like of your deed 00:12:19.279 --> 00:12:22.279 which you committed regarding the matter of Aisha, 00:12:22.279 --> 00:12:25.279 if you truly take heed of the admonitions of Allah, 00:12:25.279 --> 00:12:28.279 comply with His command, and desist 00:12:28.279 --> 00:12:31.279 from what He has forbidden you, 00:12:32.279 --> 00:12:35.279 so that the obedient may be distinguished from the disobedient. 00:12:35.279 --> 00:12:38.279 And Allah is All-Knowing of you and your deeds, 00:12:38.279 --> 00:12:41.279 All-Wise in the governance of His creation. 00:12:41.279 --> 00:12:45.269 "Indeed, those who like 00:12:45.269 --> 00:12:48.269 that indecency should spread 00:12:48.269 --> 00:12:51.269 “Lo! those who love that slander should be spread concerning those who believe, theirs will be a painful punishment in the world and the Hereafter. Allah knoweth. Ye know not.” (24:19) 00:12:51.269 --> 00:12:54.269 a painful punishment; 00:12:54.269 --> 00:12:57.269 for them is a painful punishment 00:12:57.269 --> 00:13:00.269 in this world and the Hereafter. 00:13:00.269 --> 00:13:03.269 And Allah knows, 00:13:03.269 --> 00:13:07.039 while you do not know." 00:13:07.039 --> 00:13:10.039 Indeed, those who love for fornication to spread 00:13:10.039 --> 00:13:13.039 among those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, 00:13:13.039 --> 00:13:16.039 and wish for it to become widespread among them, 00:13:16.039 --> 00:13:19.039 will have a painful punishment in this world through the legal penalty, 00:13:19.039 --> 00:13:22.039 and in the Hereafter the torment of Hellfire, 00:13:22.039 --> 00:13:25.039 if they die persisting in that without repenting. 00:13:25.039 --> 00:13:28.039 And Allah knows the falsehood of those who brought it forth 00:13:28.039 --> 00:13:31.039 from their truthfulness, 00:13:31.039 --> 00:13:34.899 whereas you, O people, do not know that. 00:13:44.509 --> 00:13:47.509 And were it not for the favor of Allah upon you, 00:13:47.509 --> 00:13:50.509 O people, and His mercy toward you, 00:13:50.509 --> 00:13:53.509 and that Allah is full of kindness and mercy toward His creation, 00:13:53.509 --> 00:13:56.509 you would surely have perished on account of what you indulged in. 00:13:56.509 --> 00:14:02.850 The Compendium of Tafsir al-Tabari.