WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil Ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.949 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah al-Baqarah. 00:00:17.789 --> 00:00:22.829 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.829 --> 00:00:33.299 Indeed, Allah is not ashamed to present an example—that of a mosquito or what is smaller than it. 00:00:33.299 --> 00:00:41.380 “Lo! Allah disdaineth not to coin the similitude even of a gnat. Those who believe know that it is the truth from their Lord; but those who disbelieve say: What doth Allah wish (to teach) by such a similitude? He misleadeth many thereby, and He guideth many thereby; and He misleadeth thereby only miscreants;” (2:26) 00:00:41.380 --> 00:00:49.539 “Lo! Allah disdaineth not to coin the similitude even of a gnat. Those who believe know that it is the truth from their Lord; but those who disbelieve say: What doth Allah wish (to teach) by such a similitude? He misleadeth many thereby, and He guideth many thereby; and He misleadeth thereby only miscreants;” (2:26) 00:00:49.539 --> 00:00:55.539 “Lo! Allah disdaineth not to coin the similitude even of a gnat. Those who believe know that it is the truth from their Lord; but those who disbelieve say: What doth Allah wish (to teach) by such a similitude? He misleadeth many thereby, and He guideth many thereby; and He misleadeth thereby only miscreants;” (2:26) 00:00:55.539 --> 00:01:00.340 “Lo! Allah disdaineth not to coin the similitude even of a gnat. Those who believe know that it is the truth from their Lord; but those who disbelieve say: What doth Allah wish (to teach) by such a similitude? He misleadeth many thereby, and He guideth many thereby; and He misleadeth thereby only miscreants;” (2:26) 00:01:01.250 --> 00:01:05.569 Indeed, Allah is not ashamed, nor does He fear, to set forth an example, 00:01:05.569 --> 00:01:09.250 whether it be of a mosquito or something even greater than that. 00:01:09.250 --> 00:01:12.370 As for those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, 00:01:12.370 --> 00:01:17.090 they know that the example Allah has set is from Allah, 00:01:17.090 --> 00:01:19.329 and that it is the truth from their Lord. 00:01:19.329 --> 00:01:22.290 But as for those who reject the signs of Allah, 00:01:22.290 --> 00:01:26.450 and deny what they know to be true, concealing what they have learned to be the truth, 00:01:26.530 --> 00:01:31.760 they ask, "What does Allah intend by this example?" 00:01:31.760 --> 00:01:37.280 Allah leads astray many of the people of hypocrisy and disbelief through the example He sets, 00:01:37.280 --> 00:01:41.359 and He guides many of the people of faith and conviction through it. 00:01:41.359 --> 00:01:47.200 It increases them in guidance upon their guidance and in faith upon their faith. 00:01:47.200 --> 00:01:50.480 And Allah does not lead astray by the example He sets 00:01:50.480 --> 00:01:56.000 except those who have deviated from His obedience and abandoned the following of His command, 00:01:56.000 --> 00:02:02.319 those who break the covenant of Allah after its ratification, 00:02:02.319 --> 00:02:13.280 and sever what Allah has commanded to be joined, 00:02:13.280 --> 00:02:15.919 and spread corruption upon the earth. 00:02:15.919 --> 00:02:20.560 It is they who are the losers. 00:02:21.680 --> 00:02:24.960 And Allah does not lead astray by the example He sets 00:02:24.960 --> 00:02:30.400 except the defiantly disobedient, who break the covenants of Allah that He established with them in the scriptures, 00:02:30.400 --> 00:02:32.800 and upon the tongues of His prophets, 00:02:32.800 --> 00:02:37.599 regarding the following of the command of His Messenger, Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:02:37.599 --> 00:02:44.000 and the refraining from concealing that truth after Allah had secured their pledge to fulfill it. 00:02:44.000 --> 00:02:48.000 They sever the ties of kinship that Allah has encouraged to be maintained, 00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:51.759 by failing to fulfill the rights Allah has imposed upon them, 00:02:51.759 --> 00:02:54.639 and the duties of kindness and connection He has made obligatory. 00:02:54.639 --> 00:02:59.199 They spread corruption on earth through their disobedience to their Lord and their disbelief in Him, 00:02:59.199 --> 00:03:02.960 their denial of His Messenger, and their rejection of his prophethood, 00:03:02.960 --> 00:03:08.800 and their denial that what he brought to them from Allah is the truth from Him. 00:03:08.800 --> 00:03:16.129 They are the ones who deprive their own selves of their share of Allah’s mercy through their disobedience to Him. 00:03:16.129 --> 00:03:24.370 “How disbelieve ye in Allah when ye were dead and He gave life to you! Then He will give you death, then life again, and then unto Him ye will return.” (2:28) 00:03:24.370 --> 00:03:33.889 “How disbelieve ye in Allah when ye were dead and He gave life to you! Then He will give you death, then life again, and then unto Him ye will return.” (2:28) 00:03:54.780 --> 00:04:06.530 “He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.” (2:29) 00:04:06.530 --> 00:04:14.930 “He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.” (2:29) 00:04:14.930 --> 00:04:19.970 And through his disobedience, he is deprived of the mercy of Allah. 00:04:19.970 --> 00:04:28.740 “He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.” (2:29) 00:04:28.740 --> 00:04:34.180 It is Allah who created for you everything that is on the earth for your livelihood, 00:04:34.180 --> 00:04:40.019 and subjected it to you out of His grace, so that it may be a provision for you in your worldly life, 00:04:40.019 --> 00:04:43.620 and a means of enjoyment until the arrival of your appointed time, 00:04:43.620 --> 00:04:47.620 and a proof for you of the oneness of your Lord. 00:04:47.699 --> 00:04:51.379 Then He rose to the seven heavens while they were smoke, 00:04:51.379 --> 00:04:58.180 and He fashioned them, perfected them, and set within some of them the sun, the moon, and the stars. 00:04:58.180 --> 00:05:03.139 He ordained in each of them what He ordained of His creation. 00:05:03.139 --> 00:05:08.579 And Allah is All-Knowing of everything; nothing is hidden from you, O hypocrites, 00:05:08.579 --> 00:05:14.879 and you atheists and disbelievers, whether you reveal it or conceal it within yourselves. 00:05:14.879 --> 00:05:24.079 “And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not.” (2:30) 00:05:24.079 --> 00:05:31.600 “And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not.” (2:30) 00:05:31.600 --> 00:05:39.360 “And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not.” (2:30) 00:05:39.439 --> 00:05:45.779 “And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not.” (2:30) 00:05:45.779 --> 00:05:50.980 Remember My blessings, and this which I said to the angels: 00:05:50.980 --> 00:05:56.980 "Indeed, I am going to place a successor on the earth," and I will make successors upon it. 00:05:56.980 --> 00:06:00.980 The angels said, "Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we declare Your praise and sanctify You?" 00:06:00.980 --> 00:06:05.779 “And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not.” (2:30) 00:06:05.779 --> 00:06:09.779 And will You leave off making Your successors from among us? 00:06:09.779 --> 00:06:11.779 We glorify You with praise, 00:06:11.779 --> 00:06:15.779 and we declare You free from what the polytheists attribute to You, 00:06:15.779 --> 00:06:17.779 and we pray to You. 00:06:17.779 --> 00:06:23.779 Their Lord said to them, "Indeed, I know that which you do not know," 00:06:23.779 --> 00:06:29.779 and that was what was hidden from them regarding the affair of Iblis and his harboring of pride. 00:06:29.779 --> 00:06:33.779 “And He taught Adam all the names, then showed them to the angels, saying: Inform Me of the names of these, if ye are truthful.” (2:31) 00:06:33.779 --> 00:06:43.779 “And He taught Adam all the names, then showed them to the angels, saying: Inform Me of the names of these, if ye are truthful.” (2:31) 00:06:43.779 --> 00:06:58.029 “And He taught Adam all the names, then showed them to the angels, saying: Inform Me of the names of these, if ye are truthful.” (2:31) 00:06:58.029 --> 00:07:02.029 Allah taught Adam the names of all things by which people identify one another: 00:07:02.029 --> 00:07:08.029 human, animal, earth, plain, sea, mountain, 00:07:08.029 --> 00:07:12.029 and similar things from nations and others, 00:07:12.029 --> 00:07:16.029 as well as the names of his descendants and the names of the angels. 00:07:16.029 --> 00:07:20.029 Then He presented those named things to the angels and said, 00:07:20.029 --> 00:07:24.029 "Inform Me of the names of these, which I have spoken to Adam about, 00:07:24.029 --> 00:07:30.029 if you are truthful in your claim that if I were to place My successor on earth from other than you, 00:07:30.029 --> 00:07:34.029 his descendants would disobey Me and spread corruption therein, 00:07:34.029 --> 00:07:38.029 and that if I made you the successors, you would obey Me." 00:07:38.029 --> 00:07:42.029 For if you do not know the names of these, 00:07:42.029 --> 00:07:46.029 even though they are created and existing, and you see and witness them, 00:07:46.029 --> 00:07:50.029 and others have learned them through My teaching, 00:07:50.029 --> 00:07:56.029 then you are even less likely to have knowledge of that which does not exist and is hidden from your eyes. 00:07:56.029 --> 00:08:00.259 You are more likely to be ignorant of them. 00:08:10.259 --> 00:08:14.420 We glorify You with praise, 00:08:14.420 --> 00:08:18.420 and we declare You free from any knowledge other than what You have taught us. 00:08:18.420 --> 00:08:22.420 Indeed, You are the Knower of the unseen, apart from all Your creation, 00:08:22.420 --> 00:08:26.420 the Wise, who is perfect in His wisdom. 00:08:26.420 --> 00:08:32.450 “He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names, and when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not tell you that I know the secret of the heavens and the earth? And I know that which ye disclose and which ye hide.” (2:33) 00:08:32.450 --> 00:08:38.450 So when he informed them of their names, 00:08:38.450 --> 00:08:42.450 He said, "Did I not tell you 00:08:42.450 --> 00:08:50.450 “He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names, and when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not tell you that I know the secret of the heavens and the earth? And I know that which ye disclose and which ye hide.” (2:33) 00:08:50.450 --> 00:08:54.450 that I know what you reveal, 00:08:54.450 --> 00:08:58.450 “He said: O Adam! Inform them of their names, and when he had informed them of their names, He said: Did I not tell you that I know the secret of the heavens and the earth? And I know that which ye disclose and which ye hide.” (2:33) 00:08:58.450 --> 00:09:06.929 He said, "O Adam, inform the angels of the names of those I presented to the angels." 00:09:06.929 --> 00:09:10.929 When Adam informed the angels of their names, 00:09:10.929 --> 00:09:12.929 they became certain of their error, 00:09:12.929 --> 00:09:18.929 and that they had spoken of that which they did not know regarding the nature of their Lord’s decree. 00:09:18.929 --> 00:09:20.929 Their Lord said to them, 00:09:20.929 --> 00:09:24.929 "Did I not tell you that I know what is hidden from your sight, 00:09:24.929 --> 00:09:28.929 and I know what you manifest with your tongues, 00:09:28.929 --> 00:09:32.929 and what you were concealing within yourselves?" 00:09:32.929 --> 00:09:34.929 Nothing is hidden from Me. 00:09:34.929 --> 00:09:39.019 Your secrets and your public deeds are the same to Me. 00:09:39.019 --> 00:09:43.019 And when We said to the angels, 00:09:43.019 --> 00:09:47.019 "Prostrate to Adam," so they prostrated, except Iblis. 00:09:47.019 --> 00:09:51.019 They prostrated, except Iblis, who refused. 00:09:51.019 --> 00:09:55.019 “And when We said unto the angels: Prostrate yourselves before Adam, they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He demurred through pride, and so became a disbeliever.” (2:34) 00:09:55.019 --> 00:09:57.220 Remember My action toward you, 00:09:57.220 --> 00:10:01.220 when I bestowed favor upon you and honored your father, Adam, 00:10:01.220 --> 00:10:03.220 and made My angels prostrate to him. 00:10:03.220 --> 00:10:07.220 So they prostrated to him, except Iblis. 00:10:07.220 --> 00:10:11.220 He refrained from prostrating and grew arrogant against the command of Allah, 00:10:11.220 --> 00:10:15.220 and he was among those who denied the blessings of Allah upon him and His favors toward him. 00:10:15.220 --> 00:10:21.220 “And We said: O Adam! Dwell thou and thy wife in the Garden, and eat ye freely (of the fruits) thereof where ye will; but come not nigh this tree lest ye become wrong-doers.” (2:35) 00:10:21.220 --> 00:10:27.220 "And eat from it in abundance wherever you wish, 00:10:27.220 --> 00:10:33.220 but do not approach this tree, 00:10:33.220 --> 00:10:37.220 lest you be among the wrongdoers." 00:10:37.220 --> 00:10:43.659 Allah expelled Iblis from Paradise after his arrogance regarding prostrating to Adam, 00:10:43.659 --> 00:10:49.659 and He had settled Adam and his wife, Hawwa', in it before Iblis descended to the earth. 00:10:49.659 --> 00:10:54.659 And He said to him, "O Adam, dwell, you and your wife, in Paradise, 00:10:54.659 --> 00:11:00.659 and eat from Paradise as a wide, pleasant provision of life wherever you both wish." 00:11:00.659 --> 00:11:08.659 And He forbade Adam and his wife from eating from a specific tree among the trees of Paradise, to the exclusion of all others. 00:11:08.659 --> 00:11:13.659 And He said to them, "Do not approach this tree, 00:11:13.659 --> 00:11:20.789 for if you approach it, you will be among those who transgress beyond what was permitted to you." 00:11:20.789 --> 00:11:28.789 “But Satan caused them to deflect therefrom and expelled them from the (happy) state in which they were; and We said: Fall down, one of you a foe unto the other! There shall be for you on earth a habitation and provision for a time.” (2:36) 00:11:28.789 --> 00:11:33.789 And We said, "Descend, being enemies to one another. 00:11:33.789 --> 00:11:40.789 And for you on the earth is a place of settlement and enjoyment for a time." 00:11:40.789 --> 00:11:44.139 Then Iblis caused them to slip from the obedience of Allah, 00:11:44.139 --> 00:11:48.139 and was the cause for the slip they committed. 00:11:48.139 --> 00:11:55.139 So Satan expelled Adam and his wife from the abundant life they were enjoying in Paradise. 00:11:55.139 --> 00:12:00.139 And We said, "Descend to the earth, being enemies to one another." 00:12:00.139 --> 00:12:08.139 The enmity of Iblis toward Adam and his descendants was his envy of him and his arrogance in refusing to prostrate to him, 00:12:08.139 --> 00:12:12.139 and the enmity of Adam and his descendants toward Iblis 00:12:12.139 --> 00:12:16.139 was for his disbelief in Allah and his disobedience to his Lord. 00:12:16.139 --> 00:12:22.139 And Allah said to them, "And for you on the earth are dwellings and homes where you will settle, 00:12:22.139 --> 00:12:25.139 and for you is enjoyment from what it produces, 00:12:25.139 --> 00:12:28.139 and from what I have given you upon its surface, 00:12:28.139 --> 00:12:30.139 for the days of your life, 00:12:30.139 --> 00:12:33.139 and after your death, you will be buried in it, 00:12:33.139 --> 00:12:39.299 and you will reach the end of your enjoyment of it until I replace you with others." 00:12:39.299 --> 00:12:46.299 “Then Adam received from his Lord words (of revelation), and He relented toward him. Lo! He is the relenting, the Merciful.” (2:37) 00:12:46.299 --> 00:12:51.299 Indeed, He is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful. 00:12:52.690 --> 00:12:55.690 So Allah inspired Adam with words of repentance, 00:12:55.690 --> 00:12:59.690 and Adam received them from his Lord and acted upon them, 00:12:59.690 --> 00:13:01.690 and he repented for his sin, 00:13:01.690 --> 00:13:03.690 so Allah accepted his repentance. 00:13:03.690 --> 00:13:08.690 Indeed, Allah is the Accepting of repentance for those who repent among His sinful servants, 00:13:08.690 --> 00:13:14.690 the One who bestows grace upon them by pardoning their slips and overlooking the punishment for their crimes. 00:13:14.690 --> 00:13:17.690 He said, "Descend from it, all of you. 00:13:17.690 --> 00:13:23.690 And if there should come to you guidance from Me, 00:13:23.690 --> 00:13:26.690 then whoever follows My guidance, 00:13:26.690 --> 00:13:29.690 then whoever follows My guidance, 00:13:29.690 --> 00:13:34.690 there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve." 00:13:34.690 --> 00:13:37.850 Descend from Paradise, all of you. 00:13:37.850 --> 00:13:42.850 And if there should come to you from Me a clarification of My command and obedience, 00:13:42.850 --> 00:13:45.850 and guidance to My path and religion, 00:13:45.850 --> 00:13:47.850 then whoever follows it among you, 00:13:47.850 --> 00:13:51.850 they will be secure in the terrors of the Resurrection from the punishment of Allah, 00:13:51.850 --> 00:13:57.850 nor will they grieve on that day for what they left behind after their death in the world. 00:13:57.850 --> 00:14:07.909 And those who disbelieve and deny Our signs, those are the companions of the Fire; 00:14:07.909 --> 00:14:11.909 they will abide therein eternally. 00:14:12.909 --> 00:14:17.169 And those who reject My signs and deny My messengers, 00:14:17.169 --> 00:14:19.169 those are the people of the Fire, 00:14:19.169 --> 00:14:22.169 who are its people to the exclusion of others, 00:14:22.169 --> 00:14:27.169 abiding therein forever, without limit or end. 00:14:27.169 --> 00:14:30.330 O Children of Israel, 00:14:30.330 --> 00:14:34.330 remember My favor which I have bestowed upon you, 00:14:34.330 --> 00:14:39.330 and fulfill My covenant. 00:14:40.330 --> 00:14:44.549 O descendants of Ya'qub Ibn Ishaq, 00:14:44.549 --> 00:14:47.549 remember the favor which I have bestowed upon you, 00:14:47.549 --> 00:14:50.549 which is His choosing messengers from among them, 00:14:50.549 --> 00:14:53.549 and His sending down the scriptures upon them, 00:14:53.549 --> 00:14:56.549 and saving them from Pharaoh and his people, 00:14:56.549 --> 00:14:58.549 and establishing them in the land, 00:14:58.549 --> 00:15:00.549 and causing springs of water to gush forth, 00:15:00.549 --> 00:15:03.549 and providing them with manna and quails. 00:15:03.549 --> 00:15:07.549 And fulfill the testament that was taken from the descendants of Ishaq, 00:15:07.549 --> 00:15:11.549 and the testament that was taken from the Children of Israel in the Torah, 00:15:11.549 --> 00:15:16.549 that they should clarify to the people the affair of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:15:16.549 --> 00:15:19.549 For if you do that, 00:15:19.549 --> 00:15:21.549 I will admit you into Paradise. 00:15:21.549 --> 00:15:24.549 And fear Me, and be mindful of Me, O you who waste 00:15:24.549 --> 00:15:27.549 My covenant from among the Children of Israel, 00:15:27.549 --> 00:15:31.549 and you who deny My Messenger, lest I bring upon you My punishment. 00:15:31.549 --> 00:15:35.549 And believe in what I have sent down, 00:15:35.549 --> 00:15:38.549 confirming what is with you. 00:15:38.549 --> 00:15:42.549 “And believe in that which I reveal, confirming that which ye possess already (of the Scripture), and be not first to disbelieve therein, and part not with My revelations for a trifling price, and keep your duty unto Me.” (2:41) 00:15:42.549 --> 00:15:48.549 And do not exchange My signs for a small price. 00:15:48.549 --> 00:15:52.100 And fear Me alone. 00:15:52.100 --> 00:15:58.100 Believe in what has been sent down to Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, from the Qur'an, 00:15:58.100 --> 00:16:01.100 which confirms what is with you of the Torah, 00:16:01.100 --> 00:16:08.100 because what is in the Qur'an regarding the command to acknowledge the prophethood of Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and to believe in him, 00:16:08.100 --> 00:16:11.100 is the counterpart of what is in the Gospel and the Torah. 00:16:11.100 --> 00:16:16.100 And do not be the first to deny it and reject that it is from Me. 00:16:16.100 --> 00:16:21.100 And do not sell what I have given you of knowledge of My Book and its signs, 00:16:21.100 --> 00:16:27.100 by abandoning its clarification for a cheap price and a small worldly gain, 00:16:27.100 --> 00:16:30.100 such as their satisfaction with leadership over their followers. 00:16:30.100 --> 00:16:32.100 And fear Me alone. 00:16:32.100 --> 00:16:39.100 Lest I bring upon you the same punishments I brought upon your predecessors who followed your path. 00:16:39.100 --> 00:16:48.100 “Confound not truth with falsehood, nor knowingly conceal the truth.” (2:42) 00:16:48.100 --> 00:16:53.450 And do not mix the truth with falsehood, for they say, 00:16:53.450 --> 00:16:56.450 "Muhammad is a sent prophet," 00:16:56.450 --> 00:16:59.450 except that he is sent to others, not us. 00:16:59.450 --> 00:17:03.450 So their acknowledgment that he is sent to others is the truth, 00:17:03.450 --> 00:17:07.509 and their denial that he is sent to them is the falsehood. 00:17:07.509 --> 00:17:13.509 And do not conceal what you find in your Book of his description and attributes, 00:17:13.509 --> 00:17:16.509 and that he is My Messenger to all people, 00:17:16.509 --> 00:17:21.509 while you know that what he brought to you is from Me. 00:17:22.579 --> 00:17:29.579 “Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).” (2:43) 00:17:30.930 --> 00:17:33.930 This is a command from Allah, the Exalted in His praise, 00:17:33.930 --> 00:17:37.930 to those mentioned among the rabbis of the Children of Israel and their hypocrites, 00:17:37.930 --> 00:17:40.930 to turn in repentance to Him, 00:17:40.930 --> 00:17:43.930 and to establish prayer and give zakat, 00:17:43.930 --> 00:17:46.930 and to enter into Islam with the Muslims, 00:17:46.930 --> 00:17:51.720 and to submit to Him in obedience.