1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,469 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,469 --> 00:00:07,469 A summary of the book: 3 00:00:07,469 --> 00:00:11,470 Ramadan: Events and Lessons. 4 00:00:11,470 --> 00:00:16,260 The Battle of 'Ayn Jalut. 5 00:00:16,260 --> 00:00:19,829 The Time: 6 00:00:19,829 --> 00:00:22,829 On the twenty-fifth of Ramadan, 7 00:00:22,829 --> 00:00:26,829 In the year 658 AH. 8 00:00:26,829 --> 00:00:37,320 Allah the Almighty has decreed that this Ummah and its upright religion shall remain until the end of time, 9 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:40,320 No matter how much its enemies conspire against it, 10 00:00:40,320 --> 00:00:42,320 Or how much afflictions tear at its body, 11 00:00:42,320 --> 00:00:45,320 Or how many plots are woven against it, 12 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:47,320 Or how many crises surround it. 13 00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:51,320 It is an Ummah that, even if it sleeps, it will never die, 14 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:54,320 And even if it is defeated, it will never be annihilated. 15 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:58,350 However, it passes through stages according to the Sunnah of Allah in life, 16 00:00:58,350 --> 00:01:01,350 Which dictates the rotation of power, 17 00:01:01,350 --> 00:01:04,349 And the exchange of roles of sovereignty on earth. 18 00:01:04,349 --> 00:01:08,349 It does not take long for it to return to wakefulness after its slumber, 19 00:01:08,349 --> 00:01:11,349 To its glory after its humiliation, 20 00:01:11,349 --> 00:01:14,349 And to its expansion after its contraction, 21 00:01:14,349 --> 00:01:17,349 Returning to the seat of leadership 22 00:01:17,349 --> 00:01:20,349 After having languished in the depths of subservience. 23 00:01:20,349 --> 00:01:24,510 There is no doubt that it is the most deserving of leading the world, 24 00:01:24,510 --> 00:01:27,510 Because its religion is the best of religions, 25 00:01:27,510 --> 00:01:31,510 And it is promised to prevail over all other religions, 26 00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:33,510 Because it is the best of nations. 27 00:01:33,510 --> 00:01:35,510 Allah the Almighty says: 28 00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:39,670 ﴾ It is He who sent His Messenger ﴿ 29 00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:42,670 ﴾ with guidance and the religion of truth ﴿ 30 00:01:42,670 --> 00:01:45,670 ﴾ to manifest it over all religion, ﴿ 31 00:01:45,670 --> 00:01:48,670 ﴾ even if the polytheists dislike it. ﴿ 32 00:01:48,670 --> 00:01:51,120 And Allah the Almighty says: 33 00:01:51,120 --> 00:01:55,280 ﴾ You are the best nation ﴿ 34 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:58,280 ﴾ produced [as an example] for mankind. ﴿ 35 00:01:58,280 --> 00:02:00,280 ﴾ You enjoin what is right ﴿ 36 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:03,280 ﴾ and forbid what is wrong ﴿ 37 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:06,659 ﴾ and believe in Allah. ﴿ 38 00:02:06,659 --> 00:02:08,659 Yet, that entitlement 39 00:02:08,659 --> 00:02:11,659 Is conditional upon holding fast to this religion. 40 00:02:11,659 --> 00:02:14,659 Whoever adheres to it attains it, 41 00:02:14,659 --> 00:02:18,889 And whoever neglects it loses that lofty honor. 42 00:02:18,889 --> 00:02:21,889 When the early generations of this Ummah fulfilled 43 00:02:21,889 --> 00:02:24,889 That condition, they prevailed and were honored. 44 00:02:24,889 --> 00:02:27,889 But when there crept into the souls of the Ummah 45 00:02:27,889 --> 00:02:29,889 The abandonment of the religion, 46 00:02:29,889 --> 00:02:32,889 The Ummah was struck by such humiliation and disgrace 47 00:02:32,889 --> 00:02:34,979 As it was. 48 00:02:34,979 --> 00:02:37,979 Centuries ago, 49 00:02:37,979 --> 00:02:39,979 The Islamic world was swept by 50 00:02:39,979 --> 00:02:41,979 The Tatar flood. 51 00:02:41,979 --> 00:02:43,979 This was because they saw the Muslims 52 00:02:43,979 --> 00:02:46,979 Living in a state of fragmentation 53 00:02:46,979 --> 00:02:48,979 And infighting for control 54 00:02:48,979 --> 00:02:51,979 Over certain geographical regions. 55 00:02:51,979 --> 00:02:53,979 So they launched their attack from Kabul, 56 00:02:53,979 --> 00:02:57,020 Until they reached the gates of Egypt. 57 00:02:57,020 --> 00:03:00,020 After they finished with the lands of the East, 58 00:03:00,020 --> 00:03:02,020 They turned toward Baghdad, 59 00:03:02,020 --> 00:03:04,020 And entered it in Safar, 60 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:08,020 In the year 656 AH, 61 00:03:08,020 --> 00:03:11,020 And wrought great corruption therein. 62 00:03:11,020 --> 00:03:14,020 With that, the Abbasid Caliphate ended. 63 00:03:14,020 --> 00:03:17,020 But the Tatar ambitions did not end 64 00:03:17,020 --> 00:03:19,020 At the outskirts of Baghdad; 65 00:03:19,020 --> 00:03:21,020 Rather, their eyes extended toward the Levant 66 00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:23,020 And beyond. 67 00:03:23,020 --> 00:03:26,020 Indeed, the waves of the Mongols turned 68 00:03:26,020 --> 00:03:27,020 Toward the Levant, 69 00:03:27,020 --> 00:03:30,020 And its cities fell, one by one, 70 00:03:30,020 --> 00:03:32,020 Led by Aleppo, 71 00:03:32,020 --> 00:03:35,020 Then concluding with the fall of Damascus. 72 00:03:35,020 --> 00:03:37,180 In the aftermath of that, 73 00:03:37,180 --> 00:03:41,180 The Tatars were determined to invade Egypt, 74 00:03:41,180 --> 00:03:44,180 Because it was the last stronghold that had resisted them, 75 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:48,180 And because it was the gateway to the lands of the Maghreb. 76 00:03:48,180 --> 00:03:50,180 By controlling it, 77 00:03:50,180 --> 00:03:54,180 The authority of the Tatar Empire would extend 78 00:03:54,180 --> 00:03:57,180 From the farthest East to the farthest West. 79 00:03:57,180 --> 00:03:59,180 Such was what Hulagu, 80 00:03:59,180 --> 00:04:01,180 The grandson of Genghis Khan, 81 00:04:01,180 --> 00:04:03,180 And those with him dreamed of. 82 00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:07,400 These rapid, painful events 83 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,400 Created in the Muslims a profound state 84 00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:12,400 Of terror and awe. 85 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:14,400 It became fixed in people's minds 86 00:04:14,400 --> 00:04:16,399 That these demons, 87 00:04:16,399 --> 00:04:19,399 Coming from beyond the seas, 88 00:04:19,399 --> 00:04:22,399 Could not be stopped by anything. 89 00:04:22,399 --> 00:04:24,459 In the meantime, while 90 00:04:24,459 --> 00:04:27,459 The Levant was still bleeding from its wounds 91 00:04:27,459 --> 00:04:30,459 And groaning under the weight of the Tatars, 92 00:04:30,459 --> 00:04:33,459 Arrangements were being made in the land of Egypt 93 00:04:33,459 --> 00:04:36,459 That would overturn the scales of the conflict, 94 00:04:36,459 --> 00:04:40,459 Dispel the terror of the Tatar ogre, 95 00:04:40,459 --> 00:04:42,459 And provide people with a balm 96 00:04:42,459 --> 00:04:45,459 To heal their previous wounds. 97 00:04:45,459 --> 00:04:50,040 On the eve of the Battle of 'Ayn Jalut: 98 00:04:50,040 --> 00:04:53,259 At a time of the weakness of the Ayyubid state, 99 00:04:53,259 --> 00:04:57,259 The power of the Mamluk state in Egypt 100 00:04:57,259 --> 00:05:00,259 Was strengthening and its foundation was firming up. 101 00:05:00,259 --> 00:05:04,360 After that terrifying invasion befell the Levant, 102 00:05:04,360 --> 00:05:06,360 Sayf al-Din Qutuz 103 00:05:06,360 --> 00:05:08,360 Was making preparations 104 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,360 And taking the necessary measures 105 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:13,360 In readiness to confront the Tatars 106 00:05:13,360 --> 00:05:15,360 In a decisive battle. 107 00:05:15,360 --> 00:05:18,420 He undertook various actions 108 00:05:18,420 --> 00:05:21,420 Before the battle, including: 109 00:05:21,420 --> 00:05:24,420 First, deposing the young Sultan 110 00:05:24,420 --> 00:05:26,420 Who was over Egypt, 111 00:05:26,420 --> 00:05:30,420 Who was at that time fifteen years of age, 112 00:05:30,420 --> 00:05:33,420 Or slightly more, 113 00:05:33,420 --> 00:05:36,420 Because his age did not qualify him 114 00:05:36,420 --> 00:05:39,579 For such a major task. 115 00:05:39,579 --> 00:05:43,579 Second, Sayf al-Din Qutuz taking his place, 116 00:05:43,579 --> 00:05:47,579 Removing the emirs and commanders whose treachery he feared, 117 00:05:47,579 --> 00:05:50,579 And appointing those he trusted. 118 00:05:50,579 --> 00:05:53,649 Third, calling upon the people 119 00:05:53,649 --> 00:05:56,649 To prepare to go out for this battle. 120 00:05:56,649 --> 00:05:59,649 To those in Egypt were added 121 00:05:59,649 --> 00:06:03,649 Muslims who had fled the Levant from the might of the Tatars. 122 00:06:03,649 --> 00:06:08,060 Fourth, Qutuz consulted the scholars 123 00:06:08,060 --> 00:06:12,060 Regarding collecting taxes from the people to equip the army. 124 00:06:12,060 --> 00:06:15,060 'Izz Ibn 'Abd al-Salam forbade him from that, 125 00:06:15,060 --> 00:06:19,060 And advised him to sell everything owned 126 00:06:19,060 --> 00:06:23,060 By the Mamluks, including jewelry and precious items. 127 00:06:23,060 --> 00:06:26,060 Qutuz yielded to this advice, 128 00:06:26,060 --> 00:06:30,060 Starting with himself, and sold everything he owned. 129 00:06:30,060 --> 00:06:35,060 The Mamluk emirs and their commanders followed suit in this deed. 130 00:06:35,060 --> 00:06:38,060 From the proceeds of those sales, there was collected 131 00:06:38,060 --> 00:06:40,060 600,000 dinars, 132 00:06:40,060 --> 00:06:42,060 With which he equipped the army. 133 00:06:42,060 --> 00:06:46,129 Fifth, communicating with some emirs 134 00:06:47,129 --> 00:06:50,129 Who had made truces with the Tatars, 135 00:06:50,129 --> 00:06:54,129 To join him in fighting the Tatars. 136 00:06:54,129 --> 00:06:57,129 Only the Emir of Hama responded to him, 137 00:06:57,129 --> 00:07:01,290 While the rest sided with the enemies. 138 00:07:01,290 --> 00:07:08,290 Sixth, making a truce with the Crusader forces that were near Palestine, 139 00:07:08,290 --> 00:07:10,290 So that he might be secure from their side, 140 00:07:10,290 --> 00:07:14,290 As they were deeply resentful of the Tatars, 141 00:07:14,290 --> 00:07:17,290 So he obtained what he wanted from them. 142 00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:23,290 The reason was that his army would move along the coast, which they controlled. 143 00:07:23,290 --> 00:07:28,480 Seventh, Hulagu sent to Sayf al-Din Qutuz 144 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:30,480 A letter with a harsh tone, 145 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:33,480 Full of terror and threats, 146 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:38,480 Boasting of the strength of his soldiers and their severity toward those who did not submit to them. 147 00:07:38,480 --> 00:07:41,480 Qutuz read it to the emirs, 148 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:47,480 And they grew weak and wanted to make peace with Hulagu and offer him their submission. 149 00:07:47,480 --> 00:07:51,480 But Sayf al-Din Qutuz refused that, 150 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:54,480 And told them that if they abandoned him, 151 00:07:54,480 --> 00:07:57,480 He would fight the battle alone. 152 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,540 When the emirs saw the strength of Qutuz's resolve, 153 00:08:00,540 --> 00:08:03,540 They agreed to what he wanted. 154 00:08:03,540 --> 00:08:07,980 The Road to the Battle: 155 00:08:07,980 --> 00:08:11,399 Through the wise management of Qutuz, 156 00:08:11,399 --> 00:08:15,399 He was the one who chose the place and time of the battle. 157 00:08:15,399 --> 00:08:18,399 He did not fortify himself in Egypt 158 00:08:18,399 --> 00:08:23,399 And wait for the enemy to come to him to defend from his position, 159 00:08:23,399 --> 00:08:29,399 Because he had analyzed the reality of the surrounding provinces that had fallen to the Tatars, 160 00:08:29,399 --> 00:08:32,399 And saw that some had fortified themselves, 161 00:08:32,399 --> 00:08:36,399 But this method did not benefit them. 162 00:08:36,399 --> 00:08:40,529 Therefore, the Muslim army of 'Ayn Jalut moved out. 163 00:08:40,529 --> 00:08:43,529 It was part of Qutuz's wise plan 164 00:08:43,529 --> 00:08:48,529 To send a vanguard to fight the Tatar garrison in Gaza 165 00:08:48,529 --> 00:08:50,529 Before the start of the battle. 166 00:08:50,529 --> 00:08:54,529 He sent Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari 167 00:08:54,529 --> 00:08:56,529 Toward Palestine, 168 00:08:56,529 --> 00:08:58,529 And he marched until he reached Gaza 169 00:08:58,529 --> 00:09:03,529 In Sha'ban in the year 658 AH. 170 00:09:03,529 --> 00:09:06,620 Rukn al-Din Baybars was able 171 00:09:07,620 --> 00:09:11,620 To achieve a crushing victory over that garrison, 172 00:09:11,620 --> 00:09:14,620 Clearing Gaza of the Tatars. 173 00:09:14,620 --> 00:09:20,620 That crushing victory had a great effect in raising the morale of the Muslims, 174 00:09:20,620 --> 00:09:24,620 Because it was the first victory achieved against the Tatars. 175 00:09:24,620 --> 00:09:28,620 It also had a negative effect on the souls of the Tatars, 176 00:09:28,620 --> 00:09:33,620 Who believed they were the army that could not be defeated. 177 00:09:33,620 --> 00:09:38,320 The Bloody Encounter at 'Ayn Jalut: 178 00:09:38,320 --> 00:09:40,669 After Gaza, 179 00:09:40,669 --> 00:09:43,669 Qutuz sent ahead of him 180 00:09:43,669 --> 00:09:45,669 The commander Baybars, 181 00:09:45,669 --> 00:09:48,669 Who met the vanguard of the Tatar army, 182 00:09:48,669 --> 00:09:50,669 Engaged with them, 183 00:09:50,669 --> 00:09:52,669 And continued to skirmish with them 184 00:09:52,669 --> 00:09:54,669 Until Sultan Qutuz joined him 185 00:09:54,669 --> 00:09:56,669 With the main army 186 00:09:56,669 --> 00:09:58,669 At 'Ayn Jalut 187 00:09:58,669 --> 00:10:01,669 On the twenty-fifth of Ramadan, 188 00:10:01,669 --> 00:10:05,669 In the year 658 AH. 189 00:10:05,669 --> 00:10:07,669 There, the two hosts met, 190 00:10:07,669 --> 00:10:10,669 And the two parties drew up in battle lines. 191 00:10:10,669 --> 00:10:12,669 The commander of the Tatar army 192 00:10:12,669 --> 00:10:15,929 Was Kitbuqa. 193 00:10:15,929 --> 00:10:17,929 It was part of Qutuz's plan 194 00:10:17,929 --> 00:10:22,929 Not to commit his entire army to the open battlefield, 195 00:10:22,929 --> 00:10:26,929 But rather he hid groups of them behind the hills. 196 00:10:26,929 --> 00:10:28,929 When the Tatars entered the valley, 197 00:10:28,929 --> 00:10:31,929 He surrounded their army from all sides, 198 00:10:31,929 --> 00:10:34,929 And a fierce battle ensued, 199 00:10:34,929 --> 00:10:38,929 During this, the left flank of the Muslim army began to falter. 200 00:10:38,929 --> 00:10:41,929 So, Sultan al-Muzaffar personally led a charge, 201 00:10:41,929 --> 00:10:43,929 accompanied by a select group of his soldiers. 202 00:10:43,929 --> 00:10:45,929 He reinforced the left flank, 203 00:10:45,929 --> 00:10:47,929 until he had shored up its weakness. 204 00:10:47,929 --> 00:10:49,929 Then, he plunged into the thick of the fighting, 205 00:10:49,929 --> 00:10:53,929 and on that day, he displayed immense valor. 206 00:10:53,929 --> 00:10:55,929 He was encouraging his companions, 207 00:10:55,929 --> 00:10:58,929 urging them toward martyrdom in the cause of Allah, 208 00:10:58,929 --> 00:11:01,929 and leading them in charge after charge. 209 00:11:01,929 --> 00:11:05,929 He cast his helmet from his head onto the ground, 210 00:11:05,929 --> 00:11:07,929 and cried out at the top of his voice, 211 00:11:07,929 --> 00:11:09,929 "O Islam!" 212 00:11:09,929 --> 00:11:13,929 He charged with his own person and those with him in a sincere, determined assault, 213 00:11:13,929 --> 00:11:16,929 and Allah supported him with His victory. 214 00:11:16,929 --> 00:11:19,929 Not many hours had passed, 215 00:11:19,929 --> 00:11:23,929 before the tide turned in favor of the Muslims on the battlefield. 216 00:11:23,929 --> 00:11:26,929 The elite of the infidel forces were routed, 217 00:11:26,929 --> 00:11:30,929 and the army pursued the Tatars as far as Baysan. 218 00:11:30,929 --> 00:11:32,929 The Tatars then returned, 219 00:11:32,929 --> 00:11:37,929 and engaged the Muslims in a second encounter, even greater than the first. 220 00:11:37,929 --> 00:11:39,929 Allah defeated them, 221 00:11:39,929 --> 00:11:42,929 and many of their leaders and a large number of their men were killed. 222 00:11:42,929 --> 00:11:47,929 The Muslims had been shaken by a severe tremor of fear, 223 00:11:47,929 --> 00:11:50,929 so the Sultan let out a mighty cry, 224 00:11:50,929 --> 00:11:53,929 heard by most of the army, as he said: 225 00:11:53,929 --> 00:11:55,929 "O Islam!" 226 00:11:55,929 --> 00:11:57,929 Three times. 227 00:11:57,929 --> 00:12:00,929 When the Tatars were broken for the second time, 228 00:12:00,929 --> 00:12:03,929 the Sultan dismounted from his horse, 229 00:12:03,929 --> 00:12:06,929 pressed his face to the ground, 230 00:12:06,929 --> 00:12:09,929 and prayed two rak'ahs to Allah the Exalted. 231 00:12:09,929 --> 00:12:11,929 Then he remounted. 232 00:12:11,929 --> 00:12:15,929 The army returned with their hands full of spoils. 233 00:12:15,929 --> 00:12:20,929 Rukn al-Din Baybars continued to pursue the remnants of the Mongols, 234 00:12:20,929 --> 00:12:23,929 and found that they had gathered together, 235 00:12:23,929 --> 00:12:28,929 and reformed their ranks for a third time in preparation for a confrontation. 236 00:12:28,929 --> 00:12:31,929 He attacked them with great courage, 237 00:12:31,929 --> 00:12:34,929 and dealt them a crushing defeat. 238 00:12:34,929 --> 00:12:41,049 He seized from them vast wealth and many horses. 239 00:12:41,049 --> 00:12:43,049 The Results of the Battle 240 00:12:43,049 --> 00:12:48,240 The results of this battle were a great blessing for the people of Islam, 241 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:52,240 and a great calamity for the Tatars and their allies. 242 00:12:52,240 --> 00:12:55,299 Among those results: 243 00:12:55,299 --> 00:12:56,299 First: 244 00:12:56,299 --> 00:13:00,299 The Muslims achieved a resounding victory over the Tatars, 245 00:13:00,299 --> 00:13:04,299 a victory the likes of which the Muslims had never before attained, 246 00:13:04,299 --> 00:13:08,299 against those tyrants who spread corruption in the land. 247 00:13:08,299 --> 00:13:09,659 Second: 248 00:13:09,659 --> 00:13:14,659 It brought immense joy to the entire Islamic world, 249 00:13:14,659 --> 00:13:17,659 which had been seething with resentment against the Tatars, 250 00:13:17,659 --> 00:13:22,659 because of the killing, violation, and destruction they had inflicted upon the Muslims. 251 00:13:22,659 --> 00:13:24,980 Third: 252 00:13:24,980 --> 00:13:27,980 A large number of Tatars were killed, 253 00:13:27,980 --> 00:13:30,980 led by their commander, Kitbuqa, 254 00:13:30,980 --> 00:13:35,980 whose death was a severe blow to all the Tatars, 255 00:13:35,980 --> 00:13:38,980 and a source of great anguish for Hulagu himself. 256 00:13:38,980 --> 00:13:42,980 For this commander was a great figure among the Tatars; 257 00:13:42,980 --> 00:13:46,980 they relied upon his judgment, his courage, and his strategic planning. 258 00:13:46,980 --> 00:13:49,980 He was a brave and daring hero, 259 00:13:49,980 --> 00:13:55,980 expert in warfare, the storming of fortresses, and the conquest of kingdoms. 260 00:13:55,980 --> 00:13:59,980 He was the one who had conquered most of the lands of the Persians and Iraq. 261 00:13:59,980 --> 00:14:02,980 Hulagu, the king of the Tatars, 262 00:14:02,980 --> 00:14:08,980 trusted him, never opposed his counsel, and sought blessing in his opinions. 263 00:14:08,980 --> 00:14:12,980 Many wonders were recounted about his exploits in war. 264 00:14:12,980 --> 00:14:16,009 Thus, the Muslims were relieved of his evil, 265 00:14:16,009 --> 00:14:19,009 and all praise is due to Allah for his destruction. 266 00:14:19,009 --> 00:14:21,169 Fourth: 267 00:14:21,169 --> 00:14:25,169 The acquisition of much booty that had been in the hands of the Tatars. 268 00:14:25,169 --> 00:14:27,299 Fifth: 269 00:14:27,299 --> 00:14:33,299 Retribution against those in Damascus who had allied themselves with the Tatars, whether Christians or others. 270 00:14:33,299 --> 00:14:35,490 Sixth: 271 00:14:35,490 --> 00:14:39,490 The cleansing of the lands of the Levant from the filth of the Tatars. 272 00:14:39,490 --> 00:14:45,730 Ramadan: Events and Lessons