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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Baqarah.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“Have ye any hope that they will be true to you when a party of them used to listen to the word of Allah, then used to change it, after they had understood it, knowingly?” (2:75)

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“Have ye any hope that they will be true to you when a party of them used to listen to the word of Allah, then used to change it, after they had understood it, knowingly?” (2:75)

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“Have ye any hope that they will be true to you when a party of them used to listen to the word of Allah, then used to change it, after they had understood it, knowingly?” (2:75)

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“Have ye any hope that they will be true to you when a party of them used to listen to the word of Allah, then used to change it, after they had understood it, knowingly?” (2:75)

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...while they know.

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Do you hope, O company of believers,

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that the Jews of the Children of Israel will believe you,

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and confirm what your Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, has brought to you?

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Yet a faction of the Jews existed,

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who were granted the direct experience of hearing the speech of Allah the Exalted,

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such that no one else was granted it except the prophets and messengers.

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They heard from Allah His speech, His commands, and His prohibitions,

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then they altered and distorted it after they had known it,

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intentionally committing this distortion.

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So, these remnants of their descendants who are among you,

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are even more likely to deny the truth you have brought them,

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as they do not hear it directly from Allah,

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but rather hear it only from you.

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When they meet those who believe, they say, "We believe."

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“And when they fall in with those who believe, they say: We believe. But when they go apart one with another they say: Prate ye to them of that which Allah hath disclosed to you that they may contend with you before your Lord concerning it? Have ye then no sense?” (2:76)

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They say, "Do you speak to them,"

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“And when they fall in with those who believe, they say: We believe. But when they go apart one with another they say: Prate ye to them of that which Allah hath disclosed to you that they may contend with you before your Lord concerning it? Have ye then no sense?” (2:76)

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"so that they may argue against you with it?"

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“And when they fall in with those who believe, they say: We believe. But when they go apart one with another they say: Prate ye to them of that which Allah hath disclosed to you that they may contend with you before your Lord concerning it? Have ye then no sense?” (2:76)

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Do you not then use your reason?

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And when the Jews of the Children of Israel

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meet those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, peace be upon him,

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they say, "We believe in Muhammad and in what you believe in,"

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and we acknowledge that.

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And when some of these Jews go aside to one another,

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and are in private, away from the people,

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they say, "Do you speak to the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, about what Allah has disclosed to you,"

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regarding what is found in our books about the mission of Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and the presence of his description,

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and the taking of the covenant to believe in him,

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so that it may be an argument for the Muslims against you before their Lord?

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Do you not understand, O people, and use your reason?

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Do not do that.

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“Are they then unaware that Allah knoweth that which they keep hidden and that which they proclaim?” (2:77)

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Do these people not know—the unlettered among the Jews, their brethren of the same faith—

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regarding their informing the believers of what is in their books concerning the description of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and his mission,

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that Allah is aware of what they conceal, hiding it through their mutual blame,

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and what they declare of their saying,

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"We believe in Muhammad, peace be upon him, and in what he has brought,"

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out of hypocrisy and deception toward Allah, His Messenger, and the believers?

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Among these Jews are unlettered ones who neither write nor read; they do not know what is in the Torah,

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nor do they know what Allah has deposited therein of His boundaries and rulings.

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Rather, they merely invent lies and fabricate falsehoods,

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thinking they are justified in their fabrication and false claims.

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“Therefore woe be unto those who write the Scripture with their hands and then say, "This is from Allah," that they may purchase a small gain therewith. Woe unto them for that their hands have written, and woe unto them for that they earn thereby.” (2:79)

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“Therefore woe be unto those who write the Scripture with their hands and then say, "This is from Allah," that they may purchase a small gain therewith. Woe unto them for that their hands have written, and woe unto them for that they earn thereby.” (2:79)

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“Therefore woe be unto those who write the Scripture with their hands and then say, "This is from Allah," that they may purchase a small gain therewith. Woe unto them for that their hands have written, and woe unto them for that they earn thereby.” (2:79)

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The punishment—which is drinking the pus of the people of Hell in the depths of the Fire—

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is for the Jews who distorted the Book of Allah,

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and wrote a book based on their own interpretations,

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contrary to what Allah revealed to His Prophet Musa, peace be upon him,

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then sold it to a people who had no knowledge of it nor of what was in the Torah,

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being ignorant of what is in the Books of Allah,

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for the sake of a paltry worldly gain.

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So, the punishment is for them because of what their hands have written,

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and woe to them for the sins they commit,

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and the transgressions they perpetrate, and the forbidden wealth they acquire.

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“And they say: The Fire (of punishment) will not touch us save for a certain number of days. Say: Have ye received a covenant from Allah - truly Allah will not break His covenant - or tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?” (2:80)

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“And they say: The Fire (of punishment) will not touch us save for a certain number of days. Say: Have ye received a covenant from Allah - truly Allah will not break His covenant - or tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?” (2:80)

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“And they say: The Fire (of punishment) will not touch us save for a certain number of days. Say: Have ye received a covenant from Allah - truly Allah will not break His covenant - or tell ye concerning Allah that which ye know not?” (2:80)

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The Jews said,

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"Our bodies will not touch the Fire,"

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"and we will not enter it except for a limited number of days."

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Say, O Muhammad, to the company of Jews,

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"Have you taken a covenant from Allah regarding what you say of that?"

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For Allah does not break His covenant,

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nor does He alter His promise and His bond.

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Or do you say about Allah that which is false, out of ignorance and audacity toward Him?

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Yes, whoever earns evil and his sin has encompassed him,

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those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide therein eternally.

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Yes, He will punish whoever associates partners with Allah, disbelieves in Him and His messengers,

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and commits numerous sins that have gathered upon him,

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and dies in that state before repentance and turning back.

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Those are the companions of the Fire;

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they will dwell therein forever.

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And those who believe and do righteous deeds,

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those are the companions of Paradise;

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they will abide therein eternally.

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And those who believe in what Muhammad, peace be upon him, has brought,

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and obey Allah,

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establishing His boundaries and fulfilling His obligations,

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and avoiding His prohibitions,

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those are the companions of Paradise, abiding therein forever.

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And when We took the covenant of the Children of Israel,

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“And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83)

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and to parents, good treatment.

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“And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83)

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“And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83)

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“And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83)

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“And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83)

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And remember also, O company of the Children of Israel,

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when We took your covenant that you would worship none but Allah alone, without any partners,

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and to parents, good treatment,

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and to relatives, that you maintain ties of kinship and acknowledge their rights,

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and to orphans, that you show them kindness and compassion,

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and to the poor, who are humbled by poverty and need, that you give them their rights,

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and that you speak to people good words,

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and perform the prayer with its obligations required of you,

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and give the zakat which has been made obligatory upon you from your wealth.

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Then you violated His command in all of that,

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and turned away, except for those among them whom Allah protected.

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So he fulfilled his covenant and promise to Allah.

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“And when We made with you a covenant (saying): Shed not the blood of your people nor turn (a party of) your people out of your dwellings. Then ye ratified (Our covenant) and ye were witnesses (thereto).” (2:84)

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“And when We made with you a covenant (saying): Shed not the blood of your people nor turn (a party of) your people out of your dwellings. Then ye ratified (Our covenant) and ye were witnesses (thereto).” (2:84)

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“And when We made with you a covenant (saying): Shed not the blood of your people nor turn (a party of) your people out of your dwellings. Then ye ratified (Our covenant) and ye were witnesses (thereto).” (2:84)

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And remember also, O company of the Children of Israel,

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when We took your covenant,

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that you would not shed your own blood, so that you would not kill one another,

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nor drive one another out of your homes.

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Then you acknowledged the covenant which We took from you.

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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And if they come to you as captives, you ransom them.

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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And Allah is not unaware of what you do.

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Then you, O company of the Jews of the Children of Israel,

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after your acknowledgment of the covenant which I took from you,

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you kill your own people,

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as some of you kill others,

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“Yet ye it is who slay each other and drive out a party of your people from their homes, supporting one another against them by sin and transgression? - and if they came to you as captives ye would ransom them, whereas their expulsion was itself unlawful for you - Believe ye in part of the Scripture and disbelieve ye in part thereof? And what is the reward of those who do so save ignominy in the life of the world, and on the Day of Resurrection they will be consigned to the most grievous doom. For Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:85)

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cooperating in your expulsion through sin and aggression.

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And while you kill those whom you kill,

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if you find the captive among you in the hands of your enemies, you ransom him.

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Your killing of them and your expelling them from their homes is forbidden to you.

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So how can you deem their killing permissible,

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while you do not deem it permissible to abandon ransoming them from their enemy?

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There is no reward for one who breaks the covenant of Allah and His promise,

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except humiliation and disgrace in the life of this world,

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and on the Day of Resurrection,

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whoever among you does that will be returned

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to the severest punishment which Allah has prepared for His enemies.

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And Allah is not heedless of your wicked deeds,

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but He is the One who records them and preserves them,

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until He recompenses you for them.

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“Such are those who buy the life of the world at the price of the Hereafter. Their punishment will not be lightened, neither will they have support.” (2:86)

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“Such are those who buy the life of the world at the price of the Hereafter. Their punishment will not be lightened, neither will they have support.” (2:86)

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Those are the ones who believe in part of the Book and disbelieve in part.

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They purchased the leadership of the worldly life

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over the weak, the ignorant, and the foolish among their own people,

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and traded their faith for the base and vile sustenance of this world.

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“Such are those who buy the life of the world at the price of the Hereafter. Their punishment will not be lightened, neither will they have support.” (2:86)

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And no one will help them in the Hereafter.

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“And verily We gave unto Moses the Scripture and We caused a train of messengers to follow after him, and We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of Allah's sovereignty), and We supported him with the Holy spirit. Is it ever so, that, when there cometh unto you a messenger (from Allah) with that which ye yourselves desire not, ye grow arrogant, and some ye disbelieve and some ye slay?” (2:87)

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And We gave 'Isa ibn Maryam clear proofs,

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and supported him with the Holy Spirit.

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Is it that whenever a messenger came to you with what your souls did not desire,

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“And verily We gave unto Moses the Scripture and We caused a train of messengers to follow after him, and We gave unto Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of Allah's sovereignty), and We supported him with the Holy spirit. Is it ever so, that, when there cometh unto you a messenger (from Allah) with that which ye yourselves desire not, ye grow arrogant, and some ye disbelieve and some ye slay?” (2:87)

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And We indeed revealed the Torah to Musa, peace be upon him,

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and We followed up after Musa with messengers, one after another.

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And We gave 'Isa ibn Maryam clear proofs indicating his prophethood,

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and strengthened him with Jibril, peace be upon him.

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Allah named Jibril a spirit and attributed him to the Holy,

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because he was created by Allah as a spirit from Him without the birth of a parent.

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And He attributed him to the Holy, which is purity.

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And you, whenever a messenger came to you from My messengers,

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with something other than what your souls desired,

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you grew arrogant toward them, out of tyranny and transgression.

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So you denied some of them and killed some.

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This has always been your conduct toward My messengers.

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And they said, "Our hearts are wrapped."

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So Allah cursed them for their disbelief, so little do they believe.

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And they said, "Our hearts are in coverings and veils."

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But it is not as they claimed.

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Rather, Allah has cast them far away, distanced them, and driven them out,

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and disgraced them and destroyed them for their disbelief and their denial of the signs and clear proofs of Allah,

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and their denial of His prophets.

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So, very little do they believe.

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“And when there cometh unto them a scripture from Allah, confirming that in their possession - though before that they were asking for a signal triumph over those who disbelieved - and when there cometh unto them that which they know (to be the truth) they disbelieve therein. The curse of Allah is on disbelievers.” (2:89)

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confirming what is with them.

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“And when there cometh unto them a scripture from Allah, confirming that in their possession - though before that they were asking for a signal triumph over those who disbelieved - and when there cometh unto them that which they know (to be the truth) they disbelieve therein. The curse of Allah is on disbelievers.” (2:89)

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But when there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it.

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“And when there cometh unto them a scripture from Allah, confirming that in their possession - though before that they were asking for a signal triumph over those who disbelieved - and when there cometh unto them that which they know (to be the truth) they disbelieve therein. The curse of Allah is on disbelievers.” (2:89)

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And when the Book of Allah, the Qur'an, came to the Jews,

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which was revealed to Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and it is a confirmation of what they have of the Books

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which Allah revealed before,

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and these Jews used to

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seek victory from Allah through the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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against the polytheists of the Arabs before his mission.

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But when Muhammad, peace be upon him, came to them,

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they disbelieved in him because he was not from the Children of Israel.

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So the disgrace of Allah and His distance are upon the disbelievers.

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“When they listen to that which hath been revealed unto the messengers, thou seest their eyes overflow with tears because of their recognition of the Truth. They say: Our Lord, we believe. Inscribe us as among the witnesses.” (5:83)

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Wretched is that for which they sold themselves.

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“Evil is that for which they sell their souls: that they should disbelieve in that which Allah hath revealed, grudging that Allah should reveal of His bounty unto whom He will of His slaves. They have incurred anger upon anger. For disbelievers is a shameful doom.” (2:90)

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“Evil is that for which they sell their souls: that they should disbelieve in that which Allah hath revealed, grudging that Allah should reveal of His bounty unto whom He will of His slaves. They have incurred anger upon anger. For disbelievers is a shameful doom.” (2:90)

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upon whom He wills of His servants.

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“Evil is that for which they sell their souls: that they should disbelieve in that which Allah hath revealed, grudging that Allah should reveal of His bounty unto whom He will of His slaves. They have incurred anger upon anger. For disbelievers is a shameful doom.” (2:90)

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And for the disbelievers is a humiliating punishment.

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It is a wretched thing for which the Jews sold themselves:

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their disbelief in what Allah revealed,

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out of transgression and envy,

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because Allah revealed His wisdom and His signs,

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and His prophethood, to Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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and he is from the descendants of Isma'il,

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and not from the Children of Israel.

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So the Jews returned with wrath upon wrath from Allah,

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for their disbelief and denial,

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upon a previous wrath for their disbelief in 'Isa,

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and for their worship of the calf,

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or for other sins that preceded.

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And for those who deny the prophethood of Muhammad, peace be upon him,

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is a punishment from Allah that humiliates its bearer,

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bringing disgrace and ignominy,

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either in the Hereafter or in this world.

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And when it is said to them,

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“And when it is said unto them: Believe in that which Allah hath revealed, they say: We believe in that which was revealed unto us. And they disbelieve in that which cometh after it, though it is the truth confirming that which they possess. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Why then slew ye the prophets of Allah aforetime, if ye are (indeed) believers?” (2:91)

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“And when it is said unto them: Believe in that which Allah hath revealed, they say: We believe in that which was revealed unto us. And they disbelieve in that which cometh after it, though it is the truth confirming that which they possess. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Why then slew ye the prophets of Allah aforetime, if ye are (indeed) believers?” (2:91)

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and they disbelieve in what is beyond it.

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“And when it is said unto them: Believe in that which Allah hath revealed, they say: We believe in that which was revealed unto us. And they disbelieve in that which cometh after it, though it is the truth confirming that which they possess. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Why then slew ye the prophets of Allah aforetime, if ye are (indeed) believers?” (2:91)

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“And when it is said unto them: Believe in that which Allah hath revealed, they say: We believe in that which was revealed unto us. And they disbelieve in that which cometh after it, though it is the truth confirming that which they possess. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Why then slew ye the prophets of Allah aforetime, if ye are (indeed) believers?” (2:91)

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if you are believers.

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And also it was said to the Jews,

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"Believe in what Allah has revealed of the Qur'an."

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They said, "We believe in what was revealed to us of the Torah,"

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and they deny what is besides it.

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And what is beyond the Book that was revealed to them,

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which is the Qur'an,

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is the truth,

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and is in agreement with the Book that is with them.

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Say, O Muhammad, to them,

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"Why did you kill the prophets of Allah before?"

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"If you, O company of Jews, are believers in what Allah revealed to you, as you claim."

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.