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Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Book of Hajj.

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Chapter: The Obligation and Excellence of Hajj.

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Allah the Almighty says:

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“Wherein are plain memorials (of Allah's guidance); the place where Abraham stood up to pray; and whosoever entereth it is safe. And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither. As for him who disbelieveth, (let him know that) lo! Allah is Independent of (all) creatures.” (3:97)

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“Wherein are plain memorials (of Allah's guidance); the place where Abraham stood up to pray; and whosoever entereth it is safe. And pilgrimage to the House is a duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither. As for him who disbelieveth, (let him know that) lo! Allah is Independent of (all) creatures.” (3:97)

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On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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Islam is built upon five [pillars]:

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The testimony that there is no god but Allah,

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And that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah,

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Establishing prayer,

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Giving zakat,

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Pilgrimage to the House (Hajj),

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And fasting Ramadan.

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Agreed upon.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, delivered a sermon to us and said:

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"O people,

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Allah has ordained Hajj upon you, so perform Hajj."

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A man asked:

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"Is it every year, O Messenger of Allah?"

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He remained silent,

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Until the man repeated it three times.

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Then the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"If I had said 'yes,' it would have become obligatory,

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And you would not have been able to fulfill it."

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Then he said:

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"Leave me as I have left you,

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For those who came before you were destroyed

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By their excessive questioning

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And their disagreement with their prophets.

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So if I command you to do something,

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Perform of it as much as you are able,

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And if I forbid you from something,

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Then avoid it."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Hajj is not obligatory upon the legally responsible person

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Except once in a lifetime, by textual evidence and consensus.

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There is no legal ruling before the arrival of the Shari'ah.

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Matters about which silence is maintained

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Retain their original state of permissibility.

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The default state for things and worldly customs

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Is permissibility.

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As for acts of worship,

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Their basis is restriction to what is prescribed.

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Prohibition is more stringent than command,

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Because the prohibition allows for no concession in committing any part of it,

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While the command is qualified by one's ability.

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Whoever is unable to perform the entirety of a commanded act but is capable of a part of it,

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Shall perform what he is able to,

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And that is what is required of him.

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The hadith is evidence of the tolerance and ease of Islam,

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And that its fundamental principle is the removal of hardship from the Ummah.

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The compassion of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, for his Ummah,

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And that their suffering is grievous to him,

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He is concerned for them,

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And to them, he is kind and merciful.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, was asked:

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"Which deed is best?"

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He said:

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"Faith in Allah and His Messenger."

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It was asked:

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"Then what?"

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He said:

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"Jihad in the cause of Allah."

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It was asked:

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"Then what?"

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He said:

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"An accepted Hajj (mabrur)."

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Agreed upon.

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The 'mabrur' Hajj is one in which the performer commits no sin.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The permissibility of referring to faith in Allah and His Messenger as a 'deed'.

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Clarification of the ranks of virtuous deeds.

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Whoever performs jihad for other than the cause of Allah,

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His deed is rejected.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, say:

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"Whoever performs Hajj and does not engage in sexual relations (rafath) or commit sin (fusuq),

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Returns as the day his mother bore him."

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Agreed upon.

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'Rafath' is sexual intercourse,

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And it also refers to allusions to it,

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And to obscenity in speech.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Hajj purifies the soul from acts of obscenity and sin.

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An accepted Hajj is among the expiations for sins and misdeeds.

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A human is born without sins, cleared of faults,

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For he does not bear the sin of another.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"An 'Umrah to an 'Umrah is an expiation for what is between them,

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And an accepted Hajj has no reward other than Paradise."

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The recommendation to perform many 'Umrahs.

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Scholars agree on the permissibility of 'Umrah on all days

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For one who is not currently engaged in the rites of Hajj.

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The permissibility of performing 'Umrah before Hajj.

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Hajj is of a higher rank than 'Umrah.

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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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I said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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We consider jihad to be the best of deeds;

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Shall we not then perform jihad?"

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He replied, "But the best jihad is an accepted Hajj."

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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"We consider" means we believe and know.

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There is a difference in the vocalization of the word.

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The most likely is with a damma on the 'kaf' (nara),

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Addressing the women.

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In another narration,

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It is with a kasra on the 'kaf' and an added alif before it (la-kinna),

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In the sense of a corrective conjunction.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Hajj is the jihad of women,

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Though it involves no combat.

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The virtues of jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah are numerous and well-attested.

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That is why ‘A’ishah believed it was the best deed.

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On the authority of ‘A’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her:

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That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"There is no day on which Allah frees more of His servants from the Fire

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Than the day of ‘Arafah."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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The virtue of the day of ‘Arafah,

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And that it is a day in which Allah draws near to His servants,

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Forgiving them and having mercy upon them,

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Answering their supplications,

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And freeing their necks from the Fire.

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The recommendation to fill the day of ‘Arafah with acts of obedience, dhikr, and recitation of the Qur'an,

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As well as seeking forgiveness and turning in repentance to Allah the Almighty.

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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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"An 'Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to a Hajj,

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Or a Hajj with me."

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Agreed upon.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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'Umrah in Ramadan is equivalent to Hajj in reward,

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Not that it takes its place in fulfilling the obligation.

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The reward of a deed increases with the increased nobility of the time,

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Just as it increases with the presence of the heart and the sincerity of intention.

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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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That a woman said:

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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Allah’s obligation of Hajj upon His servants

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Has reached my father when he is a very old man,

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He cannot sit firmly on a mount.

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Shall I perform Hajj on his behalf?"

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He said, "Yes."

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Agreed upon.

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And on the authority of Laqit Ibn ‘Amir, may Allah be pleased with him:

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That he came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and said:

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"My father is a very old man,

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He cannot perform Hajj, nor 'Umrah, nor travel."

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He said:

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"Perform Hajj and 'Umrah on behalf of your father."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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'Al-za'n'

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Means traveling and setting out for Hajj and 'Umrah.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Whoever is unable to perform Hajj

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Is required to appoint someone else to do it on his behalf,

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And he is not excused for neglecting this if he is capable of it.

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Interpretation of 'ability' (istita'ah):

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It is not limited to provisions and a mount only,

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But also relates to wealth and physical capacity.

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On the authority of al-Sa'ib Ibn Yazid, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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I performed Hajj with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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During the Farewell Pilgrimage,

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While I was seven years old.

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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If a child who has not reached puberty performs Hajj,

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It counts as a voluntary act for him.

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On this, the scholars have agreed,

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Because it is established from Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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"Any child whose family performs Hajj with him, then he reaches puberty,

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He must perform another Hajj."

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On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both:

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That the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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Met a caravan at al-Rawha',

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And said, "Who are the people?"

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They said, "The Muslims."

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They asked, "Who are you?"

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He said, "The Messenger of Allah."

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A woman lifted a child and said,

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"Is there a Hajj for this one?"

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He said, "Yes, and you have a reward."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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Al-Rawha' is a place near Medina,

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Thirty-six miles away from it.

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From the benefits of the hadith:

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Some of the people of Islam

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Might recognize the person of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The permissibility of asking about a group,

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And the permissibility of identifying oneself to the questioner.

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The child has the reward of Hajj,

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And his mother receives a reward equal to his.

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Because she is the cause of that.

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For the one who guides to good is like the one who performs it.

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The reward for a voluntary Hajj is recorded for the child.

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Yet it does not suffice him for the obligatory Hajj.

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On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him,

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that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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performed Hajj upon a simple saddle.

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And it was a pack-camel.

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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A saddle (rahl).

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Meaning everything prepared for travel.

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Such as the baggage container and the camel's mount.

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The intent is that the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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performed Hajj on the camel's saddle frame without a litter.

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A pack-camel (zamilah).

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Meaning the camel upon which food and baggage are carried.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, did not have

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during the Farewell Pilgrimage a separate pack-camel

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to carry his baggage and food.

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Rather, that was carried with him on his own mount.

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Thus, his mount served as his pack-camel.

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This demonstrates the humility of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and his detachment from worldly goods while setting out for Hajj.

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Among his supplications during this journey was:

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"O Allah, make it a Hajj in which there is no showing off and no seeking of reputation."

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On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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'Ukaz, Mijannah, and Dhu al-Majaz

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were markets during the pre-Islamic period.

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The people felt it sinful to trade during the pilgrimage seasons.

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Then it was revealed: ﴾There is no sin upon you for seeking bounty from your Lord﴿

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during the Hajj seasons.

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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"Felt it sinful" means they felt uneasy and feared falling into sin.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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It is evidence that the Companions would not perform an action

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if they feared it might result in sin,

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even if it held benefit for them, until they understood the wisdom behind it.

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The permissibility of trade during Hajj.

241
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And that this is among the benefits in which there is no harm.

242
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Riyad al-Salihin.