1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,580 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:03,580 --> 00:00:06,440 Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:09,640 for Humanities Studies and Research 4 00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:11,939 presents: 5 00:00:11,939 --> 00:00:16,239 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:20,260 Chapter: When one makes a claim or accuses someone of adultery, 7 00:00:20,260 --> 00:00:22,660 he may seek clear evidence 8 00:00:22,660 --> 00:00:25,460 and go forth to obtain that evidence. 9 00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:28,059 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas: 10 00:00:28,160 --> 00:00:29,960 Hilal ibn Umayyah 11 00:00:29,960 --> 00:00:34,159 accused his wife of adultery in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 12 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:36,560 naming Sharik ibn Sahma'. 13 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:39,859 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 14 00:00:39,859 --> 00:00:41,159 "Provide the evidence, 15 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:43,590 or else receive the prescribed flogging upon your back." 16 00:00:43,590 --> 00:00:44,789 Hilal said: 17 00:00:44,789 --> 00:00:46,490 "O Messenger of Allah! 18 00:00:46,490 --> 00:00:49,689 If one of us sees a man over his wife, 19 00:00:49,689 --> 00:00:52,520 should he go and seek evidence?" 20 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:56,420 But the Prophet (peace be upon him) kept saying: 21 00:00:56,520 --> 00:00:57,619 "Provide the evidence, 22 00:00:57,619 --> 00:01:00,420 or else receive the prescribed flogging upon your back." 23 00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:02,119 Hilal said: 24 00:01:02,119 --> 00:01:04,219 "By the One Who sent you with the truth, 25 00:01:04,219 --> 00:01:06,219 I am indeed telling the truth, 26 00:01:06,219 --> 00:01:10,819 and Allah will surely send down what will spare my back from the prescribed flogging." 27 00:01:10,819 --> 00:01:12,319 Then Gabriel descended 28 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:13,920 and revealed to him: 29 00:01:13,920 --> 00:01:16,819 ﴾And those who accuse their wives...﴿ 30 00:01:16,819 --> 00:01:19,019 He recited until he reached the end of the passage. 31 00:01:19,019 --> 00:01:22,120 “And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9) 32 00:01:22,120 --> 00:01:25,420 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then turned away 33 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:27,420 and sent for the woman. 34 00:01:27,420 --> 00:01:29,920 Hilal came forward and testified, 35 00:01:29,920 --> 00:01:33,519 while the Prophet (peace be upon him) was saying: 36 00:01:33,519 --> 00:01:37,319 "Allah truly knows that one of you is lying; 37 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:39,790 will either of you then repent?" 38 00:01:39,790 --> 00:01:42,290 Then she stood up and testified. 39 00:01:42,290 --> 00:01:44,790 When she reached the fifth oath, 40 00:01:44,790 --> 00:01:46,189 they stopped her 41 00:01:46,189 --> 00:01:47,390 and said: 42 00:01:47,390 --> 00:01:49,489 "It is indeed the decisive one that brings Allah's wrath." 43 00:01:49,489 --> 00:01:51,290 Ibn 'Abbas said: 44 00:01:51,290 --> 00:01:53,489 "She hesitated and drew back 45 00:01:53,489 --> 00:01:56,590 until we thought she would retract. 46 00:01:56,590 --> 00:01:58,090 Then she said: 47 00:01:58,090 --> 00:02:01,090 'I will not bring disgrace upon my people for the rest of time,' 48 00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:02,489 and proceeded." 49 00:02:02,489 --> 00:02:05,790 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 50 00:02:05,790 --> 00:02:07,489 "Watch her: 51 00:02:07,489 --> 00:02:10,189 if she gives birth to a child with naturally dark, lined eyes, 52 00:02:10,189 --> 00:02:12,189 prominent, fleshy buttocks, 53 00:02:12,189 --> 00:02:14,289 and full, plump calves, 54 00:02:14,289 --> 00:02:16,990 then the child is Sharik ibn Sahma's." 55 00:02:16,990 --> 00:02:19,490 She later gave birth to a child with those very features. 56 00:02:19,490 --> 00:02:22,889 The Prophet (peace be upon him) remarked: 57 00:02:22,889 --> 00:02:25,789 "Were it not for what has already been decreed in the Book of Allah, 58 00:02:25,789 --> 00:02:29,520 I would have dealt with her differently." 59 00:02:29,520 --> 00:02:32,960 Commentary on the Hadith: 60 00:02:32,960 --> 00:02:34,560 "Accused his wife": 61 00:02:34,560 --> 00:02:37,560 meaning, he charged and accused her of adultery. 62 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:39,659 "Naming Sharik ibn Sahma'": 63 00:02:39,659 --> 00:02:41,719 Sahma' was his mother. 64 00:02:41,719 --> 00:02:43,120 "Evidence": 65 00:02:43,120 --> 00:02:46,520 meaning, bring forth the proof or establish it. 66 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:48,319 "Prescribed flogging upon your back": 67 00:02:48,319 --> 00:02:51,219 which is the penalty of eighty lashes. 68 00:02:51,219 --> 00:02:52,419 "Seek": 69 00:02:52,419 --> 00:02:54,159 meaning, look for. 70 00:02:54,159 --> 00:02:56,759 ﴾And those who accuse their wives...﴿: 71 00:02:56,759 --> 00:02:59,659 meaning, accuse them of committing adultery. 72 00:02:59,659 --> 00:03:01,759 "Will either of you then repent?": 73 00:03:01,759 --> 00:03:04,460 meaning, let whichever of you is guilty repent; 74 00:03:04,460 --> 00:03:06,960 the man would repent of slander, 75 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:09,960 and the woman would repent of adultery. 76 00:03:09,960 --> 00:03:11,560 "They stopped her": 77 00:03:11,560 --> 00:03:14,560 meaning, they gave her a moment of pause to remind and admonish her. 78 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:16,259 "It is decisive": 79 00:03:16,259 --> 00:03:18,360 meaning, it inevitably brings divine punishment. 80 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:19,759 "She hesitated": 81 00:03:19,759 --> 00:03:23,159 meaning, she held back from completing the mutual imprecation (li'an). 82 00:03:23,159 --> 00:03:24,360 "And drew back": 83 00:03:24,360 --> 00:03:26,659 meaning, she stepped backward. 84 00:03:26,659 --> 00:03:27,860 "She proceeded": 85 00:03:27,860 --> 00:03:30,460 meaning, she completed her oaths. 86 00:03:30,460 --> 00:03:31,960 "Watch her": 87 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:34,060 meaning, observe her case and the child she bears. 88 00:03:34,060 --> 00:03:35,860 "Naturally dark, lined eyes": 89 00:03:35,860 --> 00:03:40,159 refers to the eyelids having a natural blackness as if lined with kohl. 90 00:03:40,159 --> 00:03:42,159 "Prominent, fleshy buttocks": 91 00:03:42,159 --> 00:03:44,960 meaning, full and large buttocks. 92 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:47,289 The term denotes the posterior. 93 00:03:47,289 --> 00:03:49,189 "Full, plump calves": 94 00:03:49,189 --> 00:03:51,189 meaning, thick and fleshy calves, 95 00:03:51,189 --> 00:03:53,789 and it is said to mean large-boned calves. 96 00:03:53,789 --> 00:03:56,590 "Were it not for what has already been decreed in the Book of Allah": 97 00:03:56,590 --> 00:03:58,389 referring to the saying of Allah Almighty: 98 00:03:58,389 --> 00:04:00,889 ﴾And it shall avert the punishment from her...﴿ 99 00:04:00,889 --> 00:04:03,090 "I would have dealt with her differently": 100 00:04:03,090 --> 00:04:05,669 meaning, I would have had her stoned. 101 00:04:05,669 --> 00:04:09,530 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 102 00:04:09,530 --> 00:04:11,430 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 103 00:04:11,430 --> 00:04:13,530 Physical resemblance is taken into consideration; 104 00:04:13,530 --> 00:04:17,230 for the Prophet (peace be upon him) took physical resemblance into account, 105 00:04:17,230 --> 00:04:19,230 yet he did not pass legal judgment based solely on it, 106 00:04:19,230 --> 00:04:22,230 because there was evidence stronger than mere resemblance. 107 00:04:22,230 --> 00:04:23,829 The hadith also contains an indication 108 00:04:23,829 --> 00:04:25,629 of the recommendation of a man's protective jealousy (ghayrah) 109 00:04:25,629 --> 00:04:27,430 over his female family members. 110 00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:31,029 It indicates the obligation to avoid situations of suspicion. 111 00:04:31,029 --> 00:04:33,329 It establishes the legal validity of mutual imprecation (li'an), 112 00:04:33,329 --> 00:04:35,230 which is a prescribed form of testimony 113 00:04:35,230 --> 00:04:37,329 in cases of accusation. 114 00:04:37,329 --> 00:04:40,129 It also shows that once a legal ruling is fulfilled according to its conditions, 115 00:04:40,129 --> 00:04:43,810 it is not overturned. 116 00:04:43,810 --> 00:04:45,209 Chapter: When a group of people rush 117 00:04:45,209 --> 00:04:47,639 to take an oath. 118 00:04:47,639 --> 00:04:50,339 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 119 00:04:50,339 --> 00:04:52,939 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 120 00:04:52,939 --> 00:04:54,939 presented the oath to a group of people, 121 00:04:54,939 --> 00:04:56,439 and they rushed forward to take it; 122 00:04:56,439 --> 00:04:59,439 so he ordered that lots be cast among them regarding the oath, 123 00:04:59,439 --> 00:05:02,120 as to which of them should swear first. 124 00:05:02,120 --> 00:05:05,519 Commentary on the Hadith: 125 00:05:05,519 --> 00:05:06,720 "They rushed": 126 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:08,019 meaning, they raced 127 00:05:08,019 --> 00:05:10,420 over which of them would swear first. 128 00:05:10,420 --> 00:05:11,420 "Lots be cast": 129 00:05:11,420 --> 00:05:13,730 meaning, drawing lots. 130 00:05:13,730 --> 00:05:17,370 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 131 00:05:17,370 --> 00:05:19,370 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 132 00:05:19,370 --> 00:05:20,870 The legitimacy of casting lots 133 00:05:20,870 --> 00:05:22,370 among individuals who have equal 134 00:05:23,370 --> 00:05:25,870 grounds of entitlement. 135 00:05:25,870 --> 00:05:27,870 It also indicates the legitimacy of administering an oath 136 00:05:27,870 --> 00:05:31,540 in resolving disputes. 137 00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:34,899 Chapter: How an oath is administered. 138 00:05:34,899 --> 00:05:37,699 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): 139 00:05:37,699 --> 00:05:39,899 He caught up with 'Umar ibn al-Khattab 140 00:05:39,899 --> 00:05:42,899 among a group of riders while 'Umar was swearing by his father. 141 00:05:42,899 --> 00:05:47,199 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called out to them: 142 00:05:47,199 --> 00:05:49,300 "Verily, Allah forbids you 143 00:05:49,300 --> 00:05:52,139 from swearing by your fathers." 144 00:05:52,139 --> 00:05:53,639 In another narration: 145 00:05:53,639 --> 00:05:57,339 "The Quraysh used to swear by their fathers." 146 00:05:57,339 --> 00:05:58,839 And in another narration, 147 00:05:58,839 --> 00:06:00,139 'Umar said: 148 00:06:00,139 --> 00:06:02,040 "By Allah, I never swore by them 149 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:05,639 since I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbid it, 150 00:06:05,639 --> 00:06:08,629 whether speaking for myself or quoting another." 151 00:06:08,629 --> 00:06:10,230 "Whoever is to swear, 152 00:06:10,230 --> 00:06:11,930 let him swear by Allah, 153 00:06:11,930 --> 00:06:14,740 or else remain silent." 154 00:06:14,740 --> 00:06:18,060 Commentary on the Hadith: 155 00:06:18,060 --> 00:06:20,060 "Whoever is to swear": 156 00:06:20,060 --> 00:06:23,019 meaning, whoever intends to take an oath. 157 00:06:23,019 --> 00:06:26,579 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 158 00:06:26,579 --> 00:06:28,579 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 159 00:06:28,579 --> 00:06:32,379 The prohibition of swearing by anything other than Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. 160 00:06:32,379 --> 00:06:37,180 It highlights the wisdom behind forbidding swearing by other than Allah Almighty: 161 00:06:37,180 --> 00:06:40,779 an oath implies veneration of the entity sworn by, 162 00:06:40,779 --> 00:06:44,579 and true supreme greatness belongs exclusively to Allah Almighty, 163 00:06:44,579 --> 00:06:49,259 so nothing else may be equated with Him. 164 00:06:49,259 --> 00:06:52,689 Chapter: Fulfilling a promise. 165 00:06:52,689 --> 00:06:55,290 On the authority of Sa'id ibn Jubayr, who said: 166 00:06:55,290 --> 00:06:58,490 A Jewish man from the people of al-Hirah asked me: 167 00:06:58,490 --> 00:07:01,490 "Which of the two terms did Moses fulfill?" 168 00:07:01,490 --> 00:07:03,689 I said: "I do not know, 169 00:07:03,689 --> 00:07:07,290 not until I meet the great scholar of the Arabs and ask him." 170 00:07:07,290 --> 00:07:08,389 So I went 171 00:07:08,389 --> 00:07:10,589 and asked Ibn 'Abbas, 172 00:07:10,589 --> 00:07:11,790 and he replied: 173 00:07:11,790 --> 00:07:14,990 "He fulfilled the longer and better of the two; 174 00:07:14,990 --> 00:07:18,089 for when a messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 175 00:07:18,089 --> 00:07:20,870 says something, he carries it out." 176 00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:24,310 Commentary on the Hadith: 177 00:07:24,310 --> 00:07:25,509 "Al-Hirah": 178 00:07:25,509 --> 00:07:28,110 a well-known Iraqi city 179 00:07:28,110 --> 00:07:30,480 near Kufa. 180 00:07:30,480 --> 00:07:32,980 "Which of the two terms did Moses fulfill?": 181 00:07:32,980 --> 00:07:36,379 referring to the two terms mentioned in the words of Allah Almighty. 182 00:07:36,379 --> 00:07:39,879 “He said: Lo! I fain would marry thee to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that thou hirest thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages. Then if thou completest ten it will be of thine own accord, for I would not make it hard for thee. Allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous.” (28:27) 183 00:07:39,879 --> 00:07:43,480 “He said: Lo! I fain would marry thee to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that thou hirest thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages. Then if thou completest ten it will be of thine own accord, for I would not make it hard for thee. Allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous.” (28:27) 184 00:07:43,480 --> 00:07:44,879 "The great scholar of the Arabs": 185 00:07:44,879 --> 00:07:47,579 meaning, their scholar of vast and profound knowledge. 186 00:07:47,579 --> 00:07:49,980 "The longer and better of the two": 187 00:07:49,980 --> 00:07:53,879 meaning, the fuller and more complete one, which was ten years. 188 00:07:53,980 --> 00:07:57,480 "For when a messenger of Allah": 189 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,500 referring to Moses (peace be upon him). 190 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:04,089 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 191 00:08:04,089 --> 00:08:08,589 The hadith emphasizes the fulfillment of covenants and contracts. 192 00:08:08,589 --> 00:08:12,189 It provides guidance on phrasing a promise with caution and flexibility, 193 00:08:12,189 --> 00:08:15,689 just as the Prophet of Allah, Moses (peace be upon him), did; 194 00:08:15,689 --> 00:08:18,589 such that if he had fulfilled only the lesser of the two terms, 195 00:08:18,589 --> 00:08:21,790 he would not have breached what he had promised. 196 00:08:21,790 --> 00:08:25,589 It establishes the validity of hiring someone for a specified term, 197 00:08:25,589 --> 00:08:29,889 and the permissibility of exceeding the agreed-upon duration. 198 00:08:29,889 --> 00:08:32,289 It indicates that the Messengers (peace be upon them) 199 00:08:32,289 --> 00:08:35,090 always choose the most complete and noble conduct in dealings. 200 00:08:35,090 --> 00:08:39,289 The report also highlights the virtue of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), 201 00:08:39,289 --> 00:08:45,450 alongside the vastness and depth of his knowledge in the field of Tafsir. 202 00:08:45,450 --> 00:08:50,460 Chapter: The Polytheists Are Not to Be Asked for Testimony or Other Matters 203 00:08:50,460 --> 00:08:53,460 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 204 00:08:53,460 --> 00:08:55,460 "O assembly of Muslims! 205 00:08:55,460 --> 00:08:58,659 How can you ask the People of the Book concerning anything, 206 00:08:58,659 --> 00:09:04,059 when your Book, which Allah revealed to your Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 207 00:09:04,059 --> 00:09:06,360 is the most recent revelation from Allah, 208 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:08,659 pure and unadulterated? 209 00:09:08,659 --> 00:09:11,559 Allah has already informed you that the People of the Book 210 00:09:11,559 --> 00:09:14,659 have altered and distorted the scriptures of Allah; 211 00:09:14,659 --> 00:09:17,360 they wrote scriptures with their own hands 212 00:09:17,360 --> 00:09:20,159 and said, 'This is from Allah,' 213 00:09:20,159 --> 00:09:23,460 in order to trade it for a fleeting gain. 214 00:09:23,460 --> 00:09:28,059 Does not the knowledge that has reached you forbid you from questioning them? 215 00:09:28,059 --> 00:09:31,360 No, by Allah, we have never seen a single man among them 216 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:35,570 ask you about what was revealed to you!" 217 00:09:35,570 --> 00:09:38,720 Commentary on the hadith: 218 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:41,820 "Your Book" refers to the Qur'an. 219 00:09:41,820 --> 00:09:44,019 "The most recent revelation from Allah" 220 00:09:44,019 --> 00:09:48,919 means the latest scripture revealed to you from Allah the Exalted. 221 00:09:48,919 --> 00:09:50,820 "Pure and unadulterated" 222 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:54,779 means it has neither been mixed with falsehood, nor altered, nor distorted. 223 00:09:54,779 --> 00:09:58,840 "They have altered" refers to adding and omitting text. 224 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:02,220 Key benefits of the hadith: 225 00:10:02,220 --> 00:10:04,320 Derived from the hadith: 226 00:10:04,320 --> 00:10:06,919 The prohibition against questioning the People of the Book, 227 00:10:06,919 --> 00:10:10,320 meaning turning to anything in their possession. 228 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:15,720 It indicates that the Qur'an is preserved by Allah the Exalted until the Day of Judgment. 229 00:10:15,720 --> 00:10:20,620 It shows the obligation to refer to the knowledge revealed in the Glorious Qur'an. 230 00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:24,620 It demonstrates that part of the knowledge found in the Book of Allah the Exalted 231 00:10:24,620 --> 00:10:30,220 is that the People of the Book added, omitted, and distorted the knowledge that came to them. 232 00:10:30,220 --> 00:10:34,919 The report indicates the necessity of adhering to authentic, beneficial knowledge. 233 00:10:34,919 --> 00:10:37,519 It highlights that among the most egregious falsehoods 234 00:10:37,519 --> 00:10:41,120 is distorting words from their proper contexts for worldly gain. 235 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:49,100 And the entire worldly life, from its beginning to its end, is a fleeting, meager price. 236 00:10:49,100 --> 00:10:51,360 The Book of Reconciliation (Sulh) 237 00:10:51,360 --> 00:10:58,440 Reconciliation is a contract that resolves a dispute between opposing parties. 238 00:10:58,440 --> 00:11:03,649 Chapter: What Has Been Related Concerning Reconciling Between People When Relations Sour 239 00:11:03,649 --> 00:11:06,750 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 240 00:11:06,750 --> 00:11:10,149 It was said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 241 00:11:10,149 --> 00:11:13,350 "Would that you approach 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy." 242 00:11:13,350 --> 00:11:16,850 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) set out toward him, 243 00:11:16,850 --> 00:11:18,850 riding a donkey, 244 00:11:18,850 --> 00:11:21,850 and the Muslims walked along with him. 245 00:11:21,850 --> 00:11:23,950 The land was a salty marshland. 246 00:11:23,950 --> 00:11:27,750 When the Prophet (peace be upon him) reached him, 247 00:11:27,750 --> 00:11:30,450 [Ibn Ubayy] said, "Keep away from me! 248 00:11:30,450 --> 00:11:34,049 By Allah, the stench of your donkey has offended me!" 249 00:11:34,049 --> 00:11:37,049 A man among the Ansar replied, 250 00:11:37,049 --> 00:11:41,049 "By Allah, the donkey of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 251 00:11:41,049 --> 00:11:43,350 smells far sweeter than you!" 252 00:11:43,350 --> 00:11:46,450 A man from 'Abdullah's tribe became enraged on his behalf, 253 00:11:46,450 --> 00:11:47,850 and both men exchanged insults. 254 00:11:47,850 --> 00:11:51,450 The companions of each man became angry on his behalf, 255 00:11:51,450 --> 00:11:56,149 and a fight ensued between them using palm stalks, hands, and sandals. 256 00:11:56,149 --> 00:11:58,850 It reached us that the following verse was revealed concerning this: 257 00:11:58,850 --> 00:12:03,049 "And if two factions among the believers fall into fighting, 258 00:12:03,049 --> 00:12:05,970 then make peace between them." 259 00:12:05,970 --> 00:12:09,320 Commentary on the hadith: 260 00:12:09,320 --> 00:12:10,820 "A salty marshland" (sabkhah): 261 00:12:10,820 --> 00:12:13,519 It is ground covered by saline deposits, 262 00:12:13,519 --> 00:12:17,250 scarcely growing anything except certain scrub trees. 263 00:12:17,250 --> 00:12:18,750 "Keep away from me" (Ilayka 'anni): 264 00:12:18,750 --> 00:12:21,549 That is, step aside and move away from me. 265 00:12:22,350 --> 00:12:26,350 It is said that the Ansari was 'Abdullah Ibn Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him). 266 00:12:26,350 --> 00:12:28,049 "Smells far sweeter": 267 00:12:28,049 --> 00:12:30,250 That is, has a much purer, more pleasant scent. 268 00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:31,649 "They exchanged insults": 269 00:12:31,649 --> 00:12:35,350 Meaning each of the two men verbally reviled the other. 270 00:12:35,350 --> 00:12:36,649 "Using palm stalks" (bil-jarid): 271 00:12:36,649 --> 00:12:37,750 Al-Jarid 272 00:12:37,750 --> 00:12:40,679 is a palm branch stripped of its leaves. 273 00:12:40,679 --> 00:12:44,580 "And if two factions among the believers fall into fighting, 274 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:46,679 then make peace between them": 275 00:12:46,679 --> 00:12:49,980 Meaning, whenever infighting occurs between believers, 276 00:12:49,980 --> 00:12:53,179 it is obligatory upon the rest to strive for reconciliation, 277 00:12:53,179 --> 00:12:56,470 because fighting is a grave evil. 278 00:12:56,470 --> 00:13:00,129 Key benefits of the hadith: 279 00:13:00,129 --> 00:13:02,230 Derived from the hadith: 280 00:13:02,230 --> 00:13:05,830 An illustration of the noble character of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 281 00:13:05,830 --> 00:13:09,330 marked by forgiveness, forbearance, and patience in the face of harm. 282 00:13:09,330 --> 00:13:13,830 Riding a donkey does not diminish the stature of distinguished individuals. 283 00:13:13,830 --> 00:13:16,830 The profound veneration shown by the Companions 284 00:13:16,830 --> 00:13:19,929 for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 285 00:13:20,129 --> 00:13:23,830 their deep respect, and their intense love for him. 286 00:13:23,830 --> 00:13:28,230 It is permissible for students to walk while their teacher rides. 287 00:13:28,230 --> 00:13:31,529 It is prescribed to speak up and defend a believer, 288 00:13:31,529 --> 00:13:35,629 particularly when the wronged party possesses nobility and modesty 289 00:13:35,629 --> 00:13:38,500 that keep them from responding to a foolish person. 290 00:13:38,500 --> 00:13:42,700 Believers must actively avert fighting among Muslims 291 00:13:42,700 --> 00:13:45,100 by intervening with reconciliation, 292 00:13:45,100 --> 00:13:49,500 arbitrating in the most complete manner to bring about peace, 293 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:53,000 and pursuing whatever avenues lead to that outcome. 294 00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:57,899 The hadith indicates that perpetrators of major sins among the monotheists 295 00:13:57,899 --> 00:14:04,480 do not become disbelievers merely by committing them, nor will they abide eternally in the Fire. 296 00:14:04,480 --> 00:14:05,379 Chapter 297 00:14:05,379 --> 00:14:09,750 He Who Reconciles Between People Is Not a Liar 298 00:14:09,750 --> 00:14:13,250 On the authority of Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 299 00:14:13,250 --> 00:14:17,750 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 300 00:14:17,750 --> 00:14:21,250 "He who brings about reconciliation between people is not a liar; 301 00:14:21,250 --> 00:14:25,580 he conveys good or speaks good." 302 00:14:25,580 --> 00:14:29,190 Commentary on the hadith: 303 00:14:29,190 --> 00:14:31,190 "He conveys good" (yanmi khayran): 304 00:14:31,190 --> 00:14:36,539 One transmits an account by relaying and communicating it for the purpose of peacemaking. 305 00:14:36,539 --> 00:14:40,370 Key benefits of the hadith: 306 00:14:40,370 --> 00:14:42,370 Derived from the hadith: 307 00:14:42,370 --> 00:14:46,870 The permissibility of equivocation and double entendre, which provide an alternative to lying; 308 00:14:46,870 --> 00:14:50,870 as for outright falsehood, it is impermissible for anyone. 309 00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:54,370 The great virtue of striving to reconcile between people. 310 00:14:54,370 --> 00:14:56,870 Direction toward exerting every effort 311 00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:58,870 in selecting effective means 312 00:14:58,870 --> 00:15:03,860 to achieve peace between disputing parties. 313 00:15:03,860 --> 00:15:06,860 Chapter: If People Settle Upon an Unjust Reconciliation, 314 00:15:06,860 --> 00:15:09,529 the Reconciliation Is Rejected 315 00:15:09,529 --> 00:15:12,529 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 316 00:15:12,529 --> 00:15:16,529 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 317 00:15:16,529 --> 00:15:22,330 "Whoever introduces into this affair of ours that which is not part of it, it is rejected." 318 00:15:22,330 --> 00:15:25,840 Commentary on the hadith: 319 00:15:25,840 --> 00:15:27,840 Injustice (al-jawr) means oppression and wrongdoing. 320 00:15:27,840 --> 00:15:30,840 "Introduces" means invents and innovates. 321 00:15:30,840 --> 00:15:34,840 "In this affair of ours" means in our religion. 322 00:15:34,840 --> 00:15:37,840 "Rejected" (radd) means repudiated and unacceptable. 323 00:15:37,840 --> 00:15:41,029 Key benefits of the hadith: 324 00:15:41,029 --> 00:15:43,830 Derived from the hadith: 325 00:15:43,830 --> 00:15:46,830 The prohibition of religious innovation (bid'ah). 326 00:15:46,830 --> 00:15:50,830 Among the prerequisites for a righteous deed to be accepted is following the Sunnah. 327 00:15:50,830 --> 00:15:55,370 Chapter: Treaties of Peace with the Polytheists 328 00:15:55,370 --> 00:15:59,230 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): 329 00:15:59,230 --> 00:16:02,230 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 330 00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:04,230 set out intending to perform 'Umrah, 331 00:16:04,230 --> 00:16:08,230 but the disbelievers of Quraysh barred him from reaching the Sacred House. 332 00:16:08,230 --> 00:16:10,230 So he slaughtered his sacrificial animal 333 00:16:10,230 --> 00:16:12,230 and shaved his head at al-Hudaybiyyah. 334 00:16:12,230 --> 00:16:16,230 He made a treaty with them that he would perform 'Umrah the following year, 335 00:16:16,230 --> 00:16:18,230 carrying no weapons against them 336 00:16:18,230 --> 00:16:20,230 except sheathed swords, 337 00:16:20,230 --> 00:16:23,230 and would not remain there longer than they agreed upon. 338 00:16:23,230 --> 00:16:26,259 Thus, he performed 'Umrah the following year, 339 00:16:26,259 --> 00:16:29,259 entering Mecca in accordance with the terms of the treaty. 340 00:16:29,259 --> 00:16:32,259 When he had stayed for three days, 341 00:16:32,259 --> 00:16:35,259 they instructed him to leave, and he departed. 342 00:16:35,259 --> 00:16:38,649 Commentary on the hadith: 343 00:16:38,649 --> 00:16:42,029 "Barred him" means they prevented him from performing the 'Umrah. 344 00:16:42,029 --> 00:16:45,029 "Made a treaty with them" means he concluded peace terms with them. 345 00:16:45,029 --> 00:16:48,059 "The following" means the coming year. 346 00:16:49,059 --> 00:16:52,159 Key benefits of the hadith: 347 00:16:52,159 --> 00:16:54,830 Derived from the hadith: 348 00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:57,830 The permissibility of exiting the state of ihram for one who is prevented from completing it. 349 00:16:57,830 --> 00:17:01,830 The recommendation to make up the prevented 'Umrah. 350 00:17:01,830 --> 00:17:05,210 On the authority of Rafi' Ibn Khadij 351 00:17:05,210 --> 00:17:07,210 and Sahl Ibn Abi Hathmah, 352 00:17:07,210 --> 00:17:09,210 who both narrated 353 00:17:09,210 --> 00:17:11,210 that 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl 354 00:17:11,210 --> 00:17:13,210 and Muhayyasah Ibn Mas'ud 355 00:17:13,210 --> 00:17:15,210 went to Khaybar, 356 00:17:15,210 --> 00:17:17,269 and in one narration: 357 00:17:17,269 --> 00:17:19,269 while it was in a state of treaty at that time. 358 00:17:19,269 --> 00:17:21,269 They separated among the palm groves, 359 00:17:21,269 --> 00:17:24,269 and 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl was murdered. 360 00:17:24,269 --> 00:17:26,269 In another narration: 361 00:17:26,269 --> 00:17:29,269 Muhayyasah came upon 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl 362 00:17:29,269 --> 00:17:32,269 while he was lying dead, covered in his own blood, 363 00:17:32,269 --> 00:17:34,269 so he buried him. 364 00:17:34,269 --> 00:17:36,269 He then returned to Medina. 365 00:17:36,269 --> 00:17:38,269 And in a narration: 366 00:17:38,269 --> 00:17:40,269 that 'Abdullah was murdered 367 00:17:40,269 --> 00:17:42,269 and cast into a ditch or a spring. 368 00:17:42,269 --> 00:17:44,269 So [Muhayyasah] went to the Jews 369 00:17:44,269 --> 00:17:47,269 and said, "By Allah, you have murdered him!" 370 00:17:47,269 --> 00:17:48,269 They said, 371 00:17:48,269 --> 00:17:50,269 "By Allah, we did not murder him." 372 00:17:50,269 --> 00:17:53,400 Then 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Sahl 373 00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:55,400 along with Huwayyasah and Muhayyasah, 374 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:56,400 the sons of Mas'ud, came 375 00:17:56,400 --> 00:17:59,400 to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 376 00:17:59,400 --> 00:18:02,400 and began speaking regarding the matter of their companion. 377 00:18:02,400 --> 00:18:04,400 'Abd al-Rahman began to speak first, 378 00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:06,400 as he was the youngest among them, 379 00:18:06,400 --> 00:18:10,400 so the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him, 380 00:18:10,400 --> 00:18:12,400 "Let the elder speak first." 381 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:15,400 So the elders spoke concerning the matter of their companion, 382 00:18:15,400 --> 00:18:18,400 and the Prophet (peace be upon him) said— 383 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:20,430 in one narration: 384 00:18:20,430 --> 00:18:23,430 "Will you bring proof against the one who killed him?" 385 00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:25,460 And in another narration: 386 00:18:25,460 --> 00:18:27,460 "Either they pay blood money for your companion, 387 00:18:27,460 --> 00:18:30,460 or they declare war." 388 00:18:30,460 --> 00:18:33,619 "Will you establish your right to the slain man's blood money," 389 00:18:33,619 --> 00:18:34,619 or he said: 390 00:18:34,619 --> 00:18:37,619 "your companion, through the oaths of fifty men among you?" 391 00:18:37,619 --> 00:18:40,619 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 392 00:18:40,619 --> 00:18:42,619 it is a matter we did not witness." 393 00:18:42,619 --> 00:18:43,619 He said, 394 00:18:43,619 --> 00:18:47,619 "Then the Jews will absolve themselves by the oaths of fifty men among them." 395 00:18:47,619 --> 00:18:50,619 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 396 00:18:50,619 --> 00:18:52,619 they are a disbelieving people!" 397 00:18:52,619 --> 00:18:56,619 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) paid the blood money for him 398 00:18:56,619 --> 00:18:57,619 from his own resources. 399 00:18:57,619 --> 00:18:58,779 In one narration: 400 00:18:58,779 --> 00:19:00,779 and paid his blood money himself. 401 00:19:00,779 --> 00:19:01,779 According to another narration: 402 00:19:01,779 --> 00:19:05,779 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) disliked 403 00:19:05,779 --> 00:19:06,779 that his blood should be left unavenged, 404 00:19:06,779 --> 00:19:09,779 so he paid his blood money with one hundred camels from the camels of zakat. 405 00:19:09,779 --> 00:19:11,940 Sahl said: 406 00:19:11,940 --> 00:19:14,940 "I later came across one of those very camels 407 00:19:14,940 --> 00:19:16,940 as it entered an enclosure of theirs, 408 00:19:16,940 --> 00:19:19,940 and it kicked me with its hind leg." 409 00:19:19,940 --> 00:19:23,619 Commentary on the Hadith: 410 00:19:23,619 --> 00:19:27,380 "So they spoke regarding the matter of their companion," 411 00:19:27,380 --> 00:19:28,380 meaning their slain kinsman, 412 00:19:28,380 --> 00:19:30,380 who was 'Abdullah. 413 00:19:30,380 --> 00:19:32,380 "Let the eldest speak," 414 00:19:32,380 --> 00:19:35,380 meaning give precedence to the eldest among you to speak. 415 00:19:35,380 --> 00:19:37,380 "Would you establish your right to your slain companion?" 416 00:19:37,380 --> 00:19:40,380 meaning would you be judged entitled to his blood money? 417 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:42,380 "Then the Jews will clear themselves before you," 418 00:19:42,380 --> 00:19:46,380 meaning they will be judged innocent of the killing of your companion. 419 00:19:46,380 --> 00:19:48,380 "So he paid their blood money," 420 00:19:48,380 --> 00:19:51,380 meaning he handed over to them the blood money for their companion. 421 00:19:51,380 --> 00:19:52,380 "An enclosure" (mirbad): 422 00:19:52,380 --> 00:19:56,380 A mirbad is a place where camels are gathered or penned. 423 00:19:56,380 --> 00:19:58,380 "And it kicked me," 424 00:19:58,380 --> 00:20:00,380 meaning it struck me with its foot. 425 00:20:00,380 --> 00:20:02,380 "And it was at that time under a truce," 426 00:20:02,380 --> 00:20:05,380 meaning between its inhabitants, the Jews, and the Muslims. 427 00:20:05,380 --> 00:20:07,380 "Wallowing," 428 00:20:07,380 --> 00:20:09,380 meaning flailing around in his own blood, 429 00:20:09,380 --> 00:20:11,380 convulsing and rolling over. 430 00:20:11,380 --> 00:20:14,740 Benefits of the Hadith: 431 00:20:14,740 --> 00:20:17,599 From this hadith is derived: 432 00:20:17,599 --> 00:20:21,599 Guidance toward the etiquette of giving precedence to the eldest in speaking; 433 00:20:21,599 --> 00:20:24,599 the legal validity of appointment of representation (wikalah); 434 00:20:24,599 --> 00:20:28,599 that the ruling regarding the compurgation oath (qasamah) differs from other legal claims, 435 00:20:28,599 --> 00:20:32,599 in that the oath is demanded from the claimants; 436 00:20:32,599 --> 00:20:37,599 evidence for those who maintain that the qasamah entails legal retribution (qisas); 437 00:20:37,599 --> 00:20:41,599 that the ruler ought to look after public welfare; 438 00:20:41,599 --> 00:20:44,599 and the importance of reconciling between people. 439 00:20:44,599 --> 00:20:48,650 Chapter: Settlement regarding Blood Money. 440 00:20:48,650 --> 00:20:51,029 On the authority of Anas: 441 00:20:51,029 --> 00:20:54,029 Ar-Rabi', who was the daughter of An-Nadr, 442 00:20:54,029 --> 00:20:56,029 broke the central incisor of a young woman. 443 00:20:56,029 --> 00:20:58,029 They sought compensation, 444 00:20:58,029 --> 00:20:59,029 and they sought a pardon, 445 00:20:59,029 --> 00:21:01,029 but the family refused. 446 00:21:01,029 --> 00:21:04,029 So they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 447 00:21:04,029 --> 00:21:06,029 and he ordered legal retribution. 448 00:21:06,029 --> 00:21:09,029 Anas Ibn An-Nadr said: 449 00:21:09,029 --> 00:21:13,029 "Shall the central incisor of Ar-Rabi' be broken, O Messenger of Allah? 450 00:21:13,029 --> 00:21:15,029 No, by the One Who sent you with the truth! 451 00:21:15,029 --> 00:21:18,029 Her central incisor shall not be broken!" 452 00:21:18,029 --> 00:21:21,029 He said: "O Anas, 453 00:21:21,029 --> 00:21:23,029 the Book of Allah ordains legal retribution." 454 00:21:23,029 --> 00:21:26,029 Thereupon, the people agreed to relent and pardoned her. 455 00:21:26,029 --> 00:21:28,160 In another narration: 456 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:30,160 And they accepted compensation. 457 00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:33,160 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 458 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:35,160 "Indeed, among the servants of Allah 459 00:21:35,160 --> 00:21:38,160 are those who, if they swear an oath by Allah, He fulfills it." 460 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:41,740 Commentary on the Hadith: 461 00:21:41,740 --> 00:21:43,990 "She broke the central incisor of a young woman," 462 00:21:43,990 --> 00:21:45,990 meaning she slapped a young woman 463 00:21:45,990 --> 00:21:47,990 and broke her central incisor. 464 00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:50,990 The thaniyyah is one of the front teeth. 465 00:21:50,990 --> 00:21:52,990 "Young woman" (jariyah) here refers to 466 00:21:52,990 --> 00:21:54,990 a free young woman, not a slave-girl, 467 00:21:54,990 --> 00:21:57,990 so that legal retribution between them is conceivable. 468 00:21:57,990 --> 00:22:00,089 Compensation (arsh): 469 00:22:00,089 --> 00:22:03,089 meaning the difference in value paid between a defect-free item and a defective one, 470 00:22:03,089 --> 00:22:06,089 its purpose being to compensate for the sustained damage. 471 00:22:06,089 --> 00:22:08,119 Pardon: 472 00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:10,119 meaning forgiving and waiving punishment. 473 00:22:10,119 --> 00:22:12,119 "They refused," 474 00:22:12,119 --> 00:22:14,119 meaning they declined and rejected the offer. 475 00:22:14,119 --> 00:22:16,119 "Legal retribution," 476 00:22:16,119 --> 00:22:18,119 meaning that the central incisor of Ar-Rabi' be broken. 477 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:20,119 "The Book of Allah ordains legal retribution," 478 00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:24,119 meaning that which is prescribed and made obligatory in the Book of Allah 479 00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:26,119 is legal retribution. 480 00:22:26,119 --> 00:22:28,119 "He fulfills it," 481 00:22:28,119 --> 00:22:30,410 meaning He confirms his oath and brings it to pass. 482 00:22:30,410 --> 00:22:32,410 Benefits of the Hadith: 483 00:22:32,410 --> 00:22:35,240 From this hadith is derived: 484 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:37,240 The obligation of legal retribution for broken teeth; 485 00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:40,240 the establishment of legal retribution between women; 486 00:22:40,240 --> 00:22:44,269 that the choice between retribution and blood money belongs to the wronged party, 487 00:22:44,269 --> 00:22:47,269 not to the offender; 488 00:22:47,269 --> 00:22:51,269 the permissibility of swearing an oath based on a person's strong expectation; 489 00:22:51,269 --> 00:22:55,269 the permissibility of praising someone who is not feared 490 00:22:55,269 --> 00:22:57,269 to fall into trial or conceited vanity; 491 00:22:57,269 --> 00:23:00,269 the affirmation of the miracles of the righteous allies of Allah (karamat al-awliya'); 492 00:23:00,269 --> 00:23:03,269 the recommendation to pardon from legal retribution 493 00:23:03,269 --> 00:23:05,269 and to intercede in that regard; 494 00:23:05,269 --> 00:23:09,269 a demonstration of the virtue of Anas Ibn An-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him); 495 00:23:09,269 --> 00:23:11,269 and a demonstration of the virtue of certainty 496 00:23:11,269 --> 00:23:14,269 and harboring good expectations of Allah Almighty. 497 00:23:14,269 --> 00:23:19,220 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 498 00:23:19,220 --> 00:23:23,220 regarding Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both): 499 00:23:23,220 --> 00:23:25,220 "This son of mine is a master, 500 00:23:25,220 --> 00:23:30,220 and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two great factions." 501 00:23:30,220 --> 00:23:32,960 On the authority of Al-Hasan, who said: 502 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:35,960 "By Allah, Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali advanced 503 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:39,960 against Mu'awiyah with battalions like mountains." 504 00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:42,960 'Amr Ibn Al-'As said: 505 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:45,960 "Indeed, I see battalions that will not turn back 506 00:23:45,960 --> 00:23:48,960 until they slay their peers." 507 00:23:48,960 --> 00:23:50,960 Mu'awiyah said to him— 508 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:53,960 and by Allah, he was the better of the two men: 509 00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:54,960 "O 'Amr! 510 00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:57,960 If these kill those, 511 00:23:57,960 --> 00:23:59,960 and those kill these, 512 00:23:59,960 --> 00:24:02,960 who will be left for me to govern the affairs of the people? 513 00:24:02,960 --> 00:24:04,960 Who will be left for me to look after their women? 514 00:24:04,960 --> 00:24:06,960 Who will be left for me to care for their dependents?" 515 00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:10,089 So he dispatched to him two men from Quraysh, 516 00:24:10,089 --> 00:24:12,089 from Banu 'Abd Shams: 517 00:24:12,089 --> 00:24:14,089 'Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Samurah 518 00:24:14,089 --> 00:24:17,089 and 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amir Ibn Kurayz. 519 00:24:17,089 --> 00:24:18,089 He said: 520 00:24:18,089 --> 00:24:21,089 "Go to this man, 521 00:24:21,089 --> 00:24:22,089 present matters to him, 522 00:24:22,089 --> 00:24:24,089 speak with him, 523 00:24:24,089 --> 00:24:26,180 and make proposals to him." 524 00:24:26,180 --> 00:24:28,180 So they went to him and entered his presence, 525 00:24:28,180 --> 00:24:31,180 spoke with him and addressed him, 526 00:24:31,180 --> 00:24:33,220 making proposals to him. 527 00:24:33,220 --> 00:24:35,220 Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali said to them: 528 00:24:35,220 --> 00:24:37,220 "We, the clan of 'Abd al-Muttalib, 529 00:24:37,220 --> 00:24:40,220 have been accustomed to receiving funds from this wealth, 530 00:24:40,220 --> 00:24:42,220 and this Ummah 531 00:24:42,220 --> 00:24:44,220 has shed much of its own blood." 532 00:24:44,220 --> 00:24:46,250 They said: 533 00:24:46,250 --> 00:24:48,250 "He indeed offers you 534 00:24:48,250 --> 00:24:49,250 such-and-such, 535 00:24:49,250 --> 00:24:52,250 appeals to you, and makes requests of you." 536 00:24:52,250 --> 00:24:53,250 He said: 537 00:24:53,250 --> 00:24:55,250 "Who will guarantee this for me?" 538 00:24:55,250 --> 00:24:56,250 They said: 539 00:24:56,250 --> 00:24:58,250 "We guarantee it for you." 540 00:24:58,250 --> 00:25:00,339 He did not ask them for anything 541 00:25:00,339 --> 00:25:01,339 except that they said: 542 00:25:01,339 --> 00:25:03,339 "We guarantee it for you." 543 00:25:03,339 --> 00:25:05,339 So he made peace with him. 544 00:25:05,339 --> 00:25:07,500 Al-Hasan said: 545 00:25:07,500 --> 00:25:10,500 "By Allah, I indeed heard Abu Bakrah say: 546 00:25:10,500 --> 00:25:15,500 'I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) upon the pulpit, 547 00:25:15,500 --> 00:25:18,500 with Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali beside him, 548 00:25:18,500 --> 00:25:22,500 looking at the people at one moment and at him at another, 549 00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:23,500 saying: 550 00:25:23,500 --> 00:25:26,500 "Indeed, this son of mine is a master, 551 00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:32,500 and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two great factions of Muslims."'" 552 00:25:32,500 --> 00:25:35,890 Commentary on the Hadith: 553 00:25:35,890 --> 00:25:38,140 "With battalions" (katā'ib): 554 00:25:38,140 --> 00:25:39,140 A battalion (katībah) 555 00:25:39,140 --> 00:25:42,140 is a gathered detachment of an army. 556 00:25:42,140 --> 00:25:44,140 "Like mountains": 557 00:25:44,140 --> 00:25:46,140 a metaphor for immense numbers. 558 00:25:46,140 --> 00:25:48,140 "They will not turn back," 559 00:25:48,140 --> 00:25:50,140 meaning they will not retreat. 560 00:25:50,140 --> 00:25:51,140 "Their peers" (aqrānaha): 561 00:25:51,140 --> 00:25:55,140 meaning their counterparts and equals in courage and warfare. 562 00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,140 "The better of the two men," 563 00:25:57,140 --> 00:26:01,140 meaning Mu'awiyah was better than 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), 564 00:26:01,140 --> 00:26:04,140 and this is from the words of Al-Hasan Al-Basri. 565 00:26:04,140 --> 00:26:06,240 "Who will be left for me to govern the affairs of the people?" 566 00:26:06,240 --> 00:26:10,240 meaning who will take charge of the affairs of the people for me? 567 00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:12,240 "Who will be left for me to care for their dependents?" 568 00:26:12,240 --> 00:26:16,240 meaning who will take care of the children and the vulnerable? 569 00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:18,240 They are termed ḍay'ah (dependents/vulnerable) 570 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:20,240 because if they were left to themselves, 571 00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:24,299 they would perish due to their inability to sustain their own livelihood. 572 00:26:24,299 --> 00:26:26,299 "We have been accustomed to receiving funds from this wealth," 573 00:26:26,299 --> 00:26:30,299 meaning we acquired through the Caliphate access to this wealth, 574 00:26:30,299 --> 00:26:36,460 whereby spending and conferring bounties upon family and retinue became our custom. 575 00:26:36,460 --> 00:26:38,460 "Has shed much of its own blood," 576 00:26:38,460 --> 00:26:40,460 meaning they have killed one another, 577 00:26:40,460 --> 00:26:43,460 and they will not desist without monetary provision. 578 00:26:43,460 --> 00:26:45,500 "Who will guarantee this for me?" 579 00:26:45,500 --> 00:26:49,500 meaning who will vouch for me regarding what you mention? 580 00:26:49,500 --> 00:26:50,500 Abu Bakrah: 581 00:26:50,500 --> 00:26:54,500 he is Nufay' Ibn Al-Harith Ath-Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him). 582 00:26:54,500 --> 00:26:58,500 "Looking at the people at one moment and at him at another," 583 00:26:58,500 --> 00:27:01,500 meaning he would look at the people once, 584 00:27:01,500 --> 00:27:04,500 and look at Al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him) another time. 585 00:27:04,500 --> 00:27:06,559 "Between two factions," 586 00:27:06,559 --> 00:27:09,559 meaning between two parties and groups. 587 00:27:09,559 --> 00:27:13,099 Benefits of the Hadith: 588 00:27:13,099 --> 00:27:15,680 From this hadith is derived: 589 00:27:15,680 --> 00:27:18,680 A demonstration of the virtue of Al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him), 590 00:27:18,680 --> 00:27:25,680 for his piety led him to relinquish rule and worldly power out of desire for what is with Allah Almighty, 591 00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:30,779 and that was not due to inability, humiliation, or smallness of numbers; 592 00:27:30,779 --> 00:27:38,779 that a Muslim ought to prioritize and safeguard the interest of religion and the Ummah over personal interest; 593 00:27:38,779 --> 00:27:43,779 that emissaries between disputing parties must not be harmed; 594 00:27:43,779 --> 00:27:47,779 the validity of the rule of a less virtuous person over one who is more virtuous; 595 00:27:47,779 --> 00:27:53,779 that mastery is truly merited only by one who benefits the people; 596 00:27:53,779 --> 00:27:57,779 the permissibility of addressing a Muslim as "master" (sayyid); 597 00:27:57,779 --> 00:28:01,779 the legitimacy of requesting surety and financial guarantees; 598 00:28:01,779 --> 00:28:04,779 It also shows the virtue of reconciling people, 599 00:28:04,779 --> 00:28:08,779 and it demonstrates the virtue of Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him. 600 00:28:08,779 --> 00:28:14,700 Chapter: Should the Leader Suggest Reconciliation? 601 00:28:14,700 --> 00:28:17,980 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 602 00:28:17,980 --> 00:28:25,980 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, heard the raised voices of two disputants at the door. 603 00:28:25,980 --> 00:28:30,980 One of them was asking the other to reduce his debt and show leniency, 604 00:28:30,980 --> 00:28:34,980 while the other was saying, "By Allah, I will not do so!" 605 00:28:34,980 --> 00:28:38,980 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came out to them 606 00:28:38,980 --> 00:28:44,980 and said, "Where is the one swearing by Allah that he will not do good?" 607 00:28:44,980 --> 00:28:47,980 He replied, "It is I, O Messenger of Allah, 608 00:28:47,980 --> 00:28:50,980 and he may have whichever option he prefers." 609 00:28:50,980 --> 00:28:54,460 Commentary on the hadith: 610 00:28:54,460 --> 00:28:57,940 "Disputants" refers to two people in a dispute. 611 00:28:57,940 --> 00:28:59,940 "Asking the other to reduce his debt" 612 00:28:59,940 --> 00:29:02,940 means he was requesting that he waive a portion of his debt. 613 00:29:02,940 --> 00:29:04,940 "Show leniency" 614 00:29:04,940 --> 00:29:09,940 means he was asking him to be gentle in demanding and collecting payment. 615 00:29:09,940 --> 00:29:12,940 "In something" refers to a portion of the debt. 616 00:29:12,940 --> 00:29:17,980 "The one swearing by Allah" refers to the person taking a solemn, emphatic oath. 617 00:29:17,980 --> 00:29:20,980 "And he may have whichever option he prefers" 618 00:29:20,980 --> 00:29:23,980 means the debtor may choose either a debt reduction or lenient terms. 619 00:29:23,980 --> 00:29:27,420 Key takeaways from the hadith: 620 00:29:27,420 --> 00:29:30,059 Among the lessons derived from the hadith is: 621 00:29:30,059 --> 00:29:32,059 Urging leniency toward the debtor, 622 00:29:32,059 --> 00:29:35,059 and showing kindness to him by waiving part of the debt. 623 00:29:35,059 --> 00:29:39,099 It also contains a stern warning against swearing an oath not to perform a good deed. 624 00:29:39,099 --> 00:29:43,099 It demonstrates the swift understanding of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 625 00:29:43,099 --> 00:29:46,099 regarding the intent of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 626 00:29:46,099 --> 00:29:49,099 their compliance with whatever he suggested, 627 00:29:49,099 --> 00:29:52,099 and their eagerness to do good. 628 00:29:52,099 --> 00:29:55,099 It also shows forbearance toward what occurs between disputants, 629 00:29:55,099 --> 00:29:58,099 such as raising their voices in the presence of the judge or leader. 630 00:29:58,099 --> 00:30:03,099 It establishes the permissibility of a debtor asking the creditor for a reduction in debt. 631 00:30:03,099 --> 00:30:07,099 It also shows the recommendation of interceding with right-holders, 632 00:30:07,099 --> 00:30:10,099 and the merit of accepting intercession for a good cause. 633 00:30:10,099 --> 00:30:15,920 Chapter: The Virtue of Reconciling People and Being Just Between Them 634 00:30:15,920 --> 00:30:20,430 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 635 00:30:20,430 --> 00:30:24,430 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 636 00:30:24,430 --> 00:30:28,430 "A charity is due for every joint of the human body 637 00:30:28,430 --> 00:30:31,430 on every day the sun rises: 638 00:30:31,430 --> 00:30:34,529 judging justly between two people is a charity; 639 00:30:34,529 --> 00:30:37,529 in another narration: 'reconciling people'; 640 00:30:37,529 --> 00:30:41,529 helping a man onto his mount, loading him onto it, 641 00:30:41,529 --> 00:30:44,529 or lifting his luggage onto it is a charity; 642 00:30:44,529 --> 00:30:47,529 a good word is a charity; 643 00:30:47,529 --> 00:30:51,529 every step taken toward prayer is a charity; 644 00:30:51,529 --> 00:30:54,529 and removing a harmful object from the road is a charity." 645 00:30:54,529 --> 00:30:59,529 In another narration: "and guiding someone along the road is a charity." 646 00:30:59,529 --> 00:31:02,980 Commentary on the hadith: 647 00:31:02,980 --> 00:31:07,259 "Every joint" refers to every articulation and joint in the body. 648 00:31:07,259 --> 00:31:11,259 "Is a charity" means it earns the reward and merit of giving charity. 649 00:31:11,259 --> 00:31:13,329 "Judging justly between two people" 650 00:31:13,329 --> 00:31:16,329 means reconciling between them with justice. 651 00:31:16,329 --> 00:31:18,329 "Lifting his luggage onto it" 652 00:31:18,329 --> 00:31:21,329 means helping him carry and load his belongings. 653 00:31:21,329 --> 00:31:23,329 "A good word" 654 00:31:23,329 --> 00:31:25,329 refers to any kind, beneficial speech. 655 00:31:25,329 --> 00:31:28,329 "Removing a harmful object from the road" 656 00:31:28,329 --> 00:31:32,329 means eliminating anything that causes harm to passersby. 657 00:31:32,329 --> 00:31:35,549 Key takeaways from the hadith: 658 00:31:35,549 --> 00:31:38,380 Among the lessons derived from the hadith is: 659 00:31:38,380 --> 00:31:41,380 All of man's bones and joints 660 00:31:41,380 --> 00:31:44,380 are a gift from Allah Almighty to him. 661 00:31:44,380 --> 00:31:46,380 Thus, the Shariah has directed that one should reciprocate 662 00:31:46,380 --> 00:31:49,380 this blessing by giving charity. 663 00:31:49,380 --> 00:31:52,480 It guides one to utilize the blessings of Allah Almighty 664 00:31:52,480 --> 00:31:55,480 in His worship and in drawing closer to Him. 665 00:31:55,480 --> 00:31:58,509 It encourages engaging in righteous deeds 666 00:31:58,509 --> 00:32:00,509 whose benefit extends to others. 667 00:32:00,509 --> 00:32:04,509 It also highlights the virtue of walking to the prayer.