WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.580 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.580 --> 00:00:06.440 Ifadah Center 00:00:06.440 --> 00:00:09.640 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:11.939 presents: 00:00:11.939 --> 00:00:16.239 Abridged Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.239 --> 00:00:20.260 Chapter: When one makes a claim or accuses someone of adultery, 00:00:20.260 --> 00:00:22.660 he may seek clear evidence 00:00:22.660 --> 00:00:25.460 and go forth to obtain that evidence. 00:00:25.460 --> 00:00:28.059 On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas: 00:00:28.160 --> 00:00:29.960 Hilal ibn Umayyah 00:00:29.960 --> 00:00:34.159 accused his wife of adultery in the presence of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:00:34.159 --> 00:00:36.560 naming Sharik ibn Sahma'. 00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:39.859 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:00:39.859 --> 00:00:41.159 "Provide the evidence, 00:00:41.159 --> 00:00:43.590 or else receive the prescribed flogging upon your back." 00:00:43.590 --> 00:00:44.789 Hilal said: 00:00:44.789 --> 00:00:46.490 "O Messenger of Allah! 00:00:46.490 --> 00:00:49.689 If one of us sees a man over his wife, 00:00:49.689 --> 00:00:52.520 should he go and seek evidence?" 00:00:52.520 --> 00:00:56.420 But the Prophet (peace be upon him) kept saying: 00:00:56.520 --> 00:00:57.619 "Provide the evidence, 00:00:57.619 --> 00:01:00.420 or else receive the prescribed flogging upon your back." 00:01:00.420 --> 00:01:02.119 Hilal said: 00:01:02.119 --> 00:01:04.219 "By the One Who sent you with the truth, 00:01:04.219 --> 00:01:06.219 I am indeed telling the truth, 00:01:06.219 --> 00:01:10.819 and Allah will surely send down what will spare my back from the prescribed flogging." 00:01:10.819 --> 00:01:12.319 Then Gabriel descended 00:01:12.319 --> 00:01:13.920 and revealed to him: 00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:16.819 ﴾And those who accuse their wives...﴿ 00:01:16.819 --> 00:01:19.019 He recited until he reached the end of the passage. 00:01:19.019 --> 00:01:22.120 “And a fifth (time) that the wrath of Allah be upon her if he speaketh truth.” (24:9) 00:01:22.120 --> 00:01:25.420 The Prophet (peace be upon him) then turned away 00:01:25.420 --> 00:01:27.420 and sent for the woman. 00:01:27.420 --> 00:01:29.920 Hilal came forward and testified, 00:01:29.920 --> 00:01:33.519 while the Prophet (peace be upon him) was saying: 00:01:33.519 --> 00:01:37.319 "Allah truly knows that one of you is lying; 00:01:37.319 --> 00:01:39.790 will either of you then repent?" 00:01:39.790 --> 00:01:42.290 Then she stood up and testified. 00:01:42.290 --> 00:01:44.790 When she reached the fifth oath, 00:01:44.790 --> 00:01:46.189 they stopped her 00:01:46.189 --> 00:01:47.390 and said: 00:01:47.390 --> 00:01:49.489 "It is indeed the decisive one that brings Allah's wrath." 00:01:49.489 --> 00:01:51.290 Ibn 'Abbas said: 00:01:51.290 --> 00:01:53.489 "She hesitated and drew back 00:01:53.489 --> 00:01:56.590 until we thought she would retract. 00:01:56.590 --> 00:01:58.090 Then she said: 00:01:58.090 --> 00:02:01.090 'I will not bring disgrace upon my people for the rest of time,' 00:02:01.090 --> 00:02:02.489 and proceeded." 00:02:02.489 --> 00:02:05.790 The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:02:05.790 --> 00:02:07.489 "Watch her: 00:02:07.489 --> 00:02:10.189 if she gives birth to a child with naturally dark, lined eyes, 00:02:10.189 --> 00:02:12.189 prominent, fleshy buttocks, 00:02:12.189 --> 00:02:14.289 and full, plump calves, 00:02:14.289 --> 00:02:16.990 then the child is Sharik ibn Sahma's." 00:02:16.990 --> 00:02:19.490 She later gave birth to a child with those very features. 00:02:19.490 --> 00:02:22.889 The Prophet (peace be upon him) remarked: 00:02:22.889 --> 00:02:25.789 "Were it not for what has already been decreed in the Book of Allah, 00:02:25.789 --> 00:02:29.520 I would have dealt with her differently." 00:02:29.520 --> 00:02:32.960 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:02:32.960 --> 00:02:34.560 "Accused his wife": 00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:37.560 meaning, he charged and accused her of adultery. 00:02:37.560 --> 00:02:39.659 "Naming Sharik ibn Sahma'": 00:02:39.659 --> 00:02:41.719 Sahma' was his mother. 00:02:41.719 --> 00:02:43.120 "Evidence": 00:02:43.120 --> 00:02:46.520 meaning, bring forth the proof or establish it. 00:02:46.520 --> 00:02:48.319 "Prescribed flogging upon your back": 00:02:48.319 --> 00:02:51.219 which is the penalty of eighty lashes. 00:02:51.219 --> 00:02:52.419 "Seek": 00:02:52.419 --> 00:02:54.159 meaning, look for. 00:02:54.159 --> 00:02:56.759 ﴾And those who accuse their wives...﴿: 00:02:56.759 --> 00:02:59.659 meaning, accuse them of committing adultery. 00:02:59.659 --> 00:03:01.759 "Will either of you then repent?": 00:03:01.759 --> 00:03:04.460 meaning, let whichever of you is guilty repent; 00:03:04.460 --> 00:03:06.960 the man would repent of slander, 00:03:06.960 --> 00:03:09.960 and the woman would repent of adultery. 00:03:09.960 --> 00:03:11.560 "They stopped her": 00:03:11.560 --> 00:03:14.560 meaning, they gave her a moment of pause to remind and admonish her. 00:03:14.560 --> 00:03:16.259 "It is decisive": 00:03:16.259 --> 00:03:18.360 meaning, it inevitably brings divine punishment. 00:03:18.360 --> 00:03:19.759 "She hesitated": 00:03:19.759 --> 00:03:23.159 meaning, she held back from completing the mutual imprecation (li'an). 00:03:23.159 --> 00:03:24.360 "And drew back": 00:03:24.360 --> 00:03:26.659 meaning, she stepped backward. 00:03:26.659 --> 00:03:27.860 "She proceeded": 00:03:27.860 --> 00:03:30.460 meaning, she completed her oaths. 00:03:30.460 --> 00:03:31.960 "Watch her": 00:03:31.960 --> 00:03:34.060 meaning, observe her case and the child she bears. 00:03:34.060 --> 00:03:35.860 "Naturally dark, lined eyes": 00:03:35.860 --> 00:03:40.159 refers to the eyelids having a natural blackness as if lined with kohl. 00:03:40.159 --> 00:03:42.159 "Prominent, fleshy buttocks": 00:03:42.159 --> 00:03:44.960 meaning, full and large buttocks. 00:03:44.960 --> 00:03:47.289 The term denotes the posterior. 00:03:47.289 --> 00:03:49.189 "Full, plump calves": 00:03:49.189 --> 00:03:51.189 meaning, thick and fleshy calves, 00:03:51.189 --> 00:03:53.789 and it is said to mean large-boned calves. 00:03:53.789 --> 00:03:56.590 "Were it not for what has already been decreed in the Book of Allah": 00:03:56.590 --> 00:03:58.389 referring to the saying of Allah Almighty: 00:03:58.389 --> 00:04:00.889 ﴾And it shall avert the punishment from her...﴿ 00:04:00.889 --> 00:04:03.090 "I would have dealt with her differently": 00:04:03.090 --> 00:04:05.669 meaning, I would have had her stoned. 00:04:05.669 --> 00:04:09.530 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 00:04:09.530 --> 00:04:11.430 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 00:04:11.430 --> 00:04:13.530 Physical resemblance is taken into consideration; 00:04:13.530 --> 00:04:17.230 for the Prophet (peace be upon him) took physical resemblance into account, 00:04:17.230 --> 00:04:19.230 yet he did not pass legal judgment based solely on it, 00:04:19.230 --> 00:04:22.230 because there was evidence stronger than mere resemblance. 00:04:22.230 --> 00:04:23.829 The hadith also contains an indication 00:04:23.829 --> 00:04:25.629 of the recommendation of a man's protective jealousy (ghayrah) 00:04:25.629 --> 00:04:27.430 over his female family members. 00:04:27.430 --> 00:04:31.029 It indicates the obligation to avoid situations of suspicion. 00:04:31.029 --> 00:04:33.329 It establishes the legal validity of mutual imprecation (li'an), 00:04:33.329 --> 00:04:35.230 which is a prescribed form of testimony 00:04:35.230 --> 00:04:37.329 in cases of accusation. 00:04:37.329 --> 00:04:40.129 It also shows that once a legal ruling is fulfilled according to its conditions, 00:04:40.129 --> 00:04:43.810 it is not overturned. 00:04:43.810 --> 00:04:45.209 Chapter: When a group of people rush 00:04:45.209 --> 00:04:47.639 to take an oath. 00:04:47.639 --> 00:04:50.339 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:04:50.339 --> 00:04:52.939 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:04:52.939 --> 00:04:54.939 presented the oath to a group of people, 00:04:54.939 --> 00:04:56.439 and they rushed forward to take it; 00:04:56.439 --> 00:04:59.439 so he ordered that lots be cast among them regarding the oath, 00:04:59.439 --> 00:05:02.120 as to which of them should swear first. 00:05:02.120 --> 00:05:05.519 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:05:05.519 --> 00:05:06.720 "They rushed": 00:05:06.720 --> 00:05:08.019 meaning, they raced 00:05:08.019 --> 00:05:10.420 over which of them would swear first. 00:05:10.420 --> 00:05:11.420 "Lots be cast": 00:05:11.420 --> 00:05:13.730 meaning, drawing lots. 00:05:13.730 --> 00:05:17.370 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 00:05:17.370 --> 00:05:19.370 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 00:05:19.370 --> 00:05:20.870 The legitimacy of casting lots 00:05:20.870 --> 00:05:22.370 among individuals who have equal 00:05:23.370 --> 00:05:25.870 grounds of entitlement. 00:05:25.870 --> 00:05:27.870 It also indicates the legitimacy of administering an oath 00:05:27.870 --> 00:05:31.540 in resolving disputes. 00:05:31.540 --> 00:05:34.899 Chapter: How an oath is administered. 00:05:34.899 --> 00:05:37.699 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:05:37.699 --> 00:05:39.899 He caught up with 'Umar ibn al-Khattab 00:05:39.899 --> 00:05:42.899 among a group of riders while 'Umar was swearing by his father. 00:05:42.899 --> 00:05:47.199 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called out to them: 00:05:47.199 --> 00:05:49.300 "Verily, Allah forbids you 00:05:49.300 --> 00:05:52.139 from swearing by your fathers." 00:05:52.139 --> 00:05:53.639 In another narration: 00:05:53.639 --> 00:05:57.339 "The Quraysh used to swear by their fathers." 00:05:57.339 --> 00:05:58.839 And in another narration, 00:05:58.839 --> 00:06:00.139 'Umar said: 00:06:00.139 --> 00:06:02.040 "By Allah, I never swore by them 00:06:02.040 --> 00:06:05.639 since I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbid it, 00:06:05.639 --> 00:06:08.629 whether speaking for myself or quoting another." 00:06:08.629 --> 00:06:10.230 "Whoever is to swear, 00:06:10.230 --> 00:06:11.930 let him swear by Allah, 00:06:11.930 --> 00:06:14.740 or else remain silent." 00:06:14.740 --> 00:06:18.060 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:06:18.060 --> 00:06:20.060 "Whoever is to swear": 00:06:20.060 --> 00:06:23.019 meaning, whoever intends to take an oath. 00:06:23.019 --> 00:06:26.579 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 00:06:26.579 --> 00:06:28.579 Derived from the hadith are the following points: 00:06:28.579 --> 00:06:32.379 The prohibition of swearing by anything other than Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. 00:06:32.379 --> 00:06:37.180 It highlights the wisdom behind forbidding swearing by other than Allah Almighty: 00:06:37.180 --> 00:06:40.779 an oath implies veneration of the entity sworn by, 00:06:40.779 --> 00:06:44.579 and true supreme greatness belongs exclusively to Allah Almighty, 00:06:44.579 --> 00:06:49.259 so nothing else may be equated with Him. 00:06:49.259 --> 00:06:52.689 Chapter: Fulfilling a promise. 00:06:52.689 --> 00:06:55.290 On the authority of Sa'id ibn Jubayr, who said: 00:06:55.290 --> 00:06:58.490 A Jewish man from the people of al-Hirah asked me: 00:06:58.490 --> 00:07:01.490 "Which of the two terms did Moses fulfill?" 00:07:01.490 --> 00:07:03.689 I said: "I do not know, 00:07:03.689 --> 00:07:07.290 not until I meet the great scholar of the Arabs and ask him." 00:07:07.290 --> 00:07:08.389 So I went 00:07:08.389 --> 00:07:10.589 and asked Ibn 'Abbas, 00:07:10.589 --> 00:07:11.790 and he replied: 00:07:11.790 --> 00:07:14.990 "He fulfilled the longer and better of the two; 00:07:14.990 --> 00:07:18.089 for when a messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:07:18.089 --> 00:07:20.870 says something, he carries it out." 00:07:20.870 --> 00:07:24.310 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:07:24.310 --> 00:07:25.509 "Al-Hirah": 00:07:25.509 --> 00:07:28.110 a well-known Iraqi city 00:07:28.110 --> 00:07:30.480 near Kufa. 00:07:30.480 --> 00:07:32.980 "Which of the two terms did Moses fulfill?": 00:07:32.980 --> 00:07:36.379 referring to the two terms mentioned in the words of Allah Almighty. 00:07:36.379 --> 00:07:39.879 “He said: Lo! I fain would marry thee to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that thou hirest thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages. Then if thou completest ten it will be of thine own accord, for I would not make it hard for thee. Allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous.” (28:27) 00:07:39.879 --> 00:07:43.480 “He said: Lo! I fain would marry thee to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that thou hirest thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages. Then if thou completest ten it will be of thine own accord, for I would not make it hard for thee. Allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous.” (28:27) 00:07:43.480 --> 00:07:44.879 "The great scholar of the Arabs": 00:07:44.879 --> 00:07:47.579 meaning, their scholar of vast and profound knowledge. 00:07:47.579 --> 00:07:49.980 "The longer and better of the two": 00:07:49.980 --> 00:07:53.879 meaning, the fuller and more complete one, which was ten years. 00:07:53.980 --> 00:07:57.480 "For when a messenger of Allah": 00:07:57.480 --> 00:08:00.500 referring to Moses (peace be upon him). 00:08:00.500 --> 00:08:04.089 Key Lessons from the Hadith: 00:08:04.089 --> 00:08:08.589 The hadith emphasizes the fulfillment of covenants and contracts. 00:08:08.589 --> 00:08:12.189 It provides guidance on phrasing a promise with caution and flexibility, 00:08:12.189 --> 00:08:15.689 just as the Prophet of Allah, Moses (peace be upon him), did; 00:08:15.689 --> 00:08:18.589 such that if he had fulfilled only the lesser of the two terms, 00:08:18.589 --> 00:08:21.790 he would not have breached what he had promised. 00:08:21.790 --> 00:08:25.589 It establishes the validity of hiring someone for a specified term, 00:08:25.589 --> 00:08:29.889 and the permissibility of exceeding the agreed-upon duration. 00:08:29.889 --> 00:08:32.289 It indicates that the Messengers (peace be upon them) 00:08:32.289 --> 00:08:35.090 always choose the most complete and noble conduct in dealings. 00:08:35.090 --> 00:08:39.289 The report also highlights the virtue of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:08:39.289 --> 00:08:45.450 alongside the vastness and depth of his knowledge in the field of Tafsir. 00:08:45.450 --> 00:08:50.460 Chapter: The Polytheists Are Not to Be Asked for Testimony or Other Matters 00:08:50.460 --> 00:08:53.460 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:08:53.460 --> 00:08:55.460 "O assembly of Muslims! 00:08:55.460 --> 00:08:58.659 How can you ask the People of the Book concerning anything, 00:08:58.659 --> 00:09:04.059 when your Book, which Allah revealed to your Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:09:04.059 --> 00:09:06.360 is the most recent revelation from Allah, 00:09:06.360 --> 00:09:08.659 pure and unadulterated? 00:09:08.659 --> 00:09:11.559 Allah has already informed you that the People of the Book 00:09:11.559 --> 00:09:14.659 have altered and distorted the scriptures of Allah; 00:09:14.659 --> 00:09:17.360 they wrote scriptures with their own hands 00:09:17.360 --> 00:09:20.159 and said, 'This is from Allah,' 00:09:20.159 --> 00:09:23.460 in order to trade it for a fleeting gain. 00:09:23.460 --> 00:09:28.059 Does not the knowledge that has reached you forbid you from questioning them? 00:09:28.059 --> 00:09:31.360 No, by Allah, we have never seen a single man among them 00:09:31.360 --> 00:09:35.570 ask you about what was revealed to you!" 00:09:35.570 --> 00:09:38.720 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:38.720 --> 00:09:41.820 "Your Book" refers to the Qur'an. 00:09:41.820 --> 00:09:44.019 "The most recent revelation from Allah" 00:09:44.019 --> 00:09:48.919 means the latest scripture revealed to you from Allah the Exalted. 00:09:48.919 --> 00:09:50.820 "Pure and unadulterated" 00:09:50.820 --> 00:09:54.779 means it has neither been mixed with falsehood, nor altered, nor distorted. 00:09:54.779 --> 00:09:58.840 "They have altered" refers to adding and omitting text. 00:09:58.840 --> 00:10:02.220 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:10:02.220 --> 00:10:04.320 Derived from the hadith: 00:10:04.320 --> 00:10:06.919 The prohibition against questioning the People of the Book, 00:10:06.919 --> 00:10:10.320 meaning turning to anything in their possession. 00:10:10.320 --> 00:10:15.720 It indicates that the Qur'an is preserved by Allah the Exalted until the Day of Judgment. 00:10:15.720 --> 00:10:20.620 It shows the obligation to refer to the knowledge revealed in the Glorious Qur'an. 00:10:20.620 --> 00:10:24.620 It demonstrates that part of the knowledge found in the Book of Allah the Exalted 00:10:24.620 --> 00:10:30.220 is that the People of the Book added, omitted, and distorted the knowledge that came to them. 00:10:30.220 --> 00:10:34.919 The report indicates the necessity of adhering to authentic, beneficial knowledge. 00:10:34.919 --> 00:10:37.519 It highlights that among the most egregious falsehoods 00:10:37.519 --> 00:10:41.120 is distorting words from their proper contexts for worldly gain. 00:10:41.120 --> 00:10:49.100 And the entire worldly life, from its beginning to its end, is a fleeting, meager price. 00:10:49.100 --> 00:10:51.360 The Book of Reconciliation (Sulh) 00:10:51.360 --> 00:10:58.440 Reconciliation is a contract that resolves a dispute between opposing parties. 00:10:58.440 --> 00:11:03.649 Chapter: What Has Been Related Concerning Reconciling Between People When Relations Sour 00:11:03.649 --> 00:11:06.750 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:11:06.750 --> 00:11:10.149 It was said to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:11:10.149 --> 00:11:13.350 "Would that you approach 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy." 00:11:13.350 --> 00:11:16.850 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) set out toward him, 00:11:16.850 --> 00:11:18.850 riding a donkey, 00:11:18.850 --> 00:11:21.850 and the Muslims walked along with him. 00:11:21.850 --> 00:11:23.950 The land was a salty marshland. 00:11:23.950 --> 00:11:27.750 When the Prophet (peace be upon him) reached him, 00:11:27.750 --> 00:11:30.450 [Ibn Ubayy] said, "Keep away from me! 00:11:30.450 --> 00:11:34.049 By Allah, the stench of your donkey has offended me!" 00:11:34.049 --> 00:11:37.049 A man among the Ansar replied, 00:11:37.049 --> 00:11:41.049 "By Allah, the donkey of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:11:41.049 --> 00:11:43.350 smells far sweeter than you!" 00:11:43.350 --> 00:11:46.450 A man from 'Abdullah's tribe became enraged on his behalf, 00:11:46.450 --> 00:11:47.850 and both men exchanged insults. 00:11:47.850 --> 00:11:51.450 The companions of each man became angry on his behalf, 00:11:51.450 --> 00:11:56.149 and a fight ensued between them using palm stalks, hands, and sandals. 00:11:56.149 --> 00:11:58.850 It reached us that the following verse was revealed concerning this: 00:11:58.850 --> 00:12:03.049 "And if two factions among the believers fall into fighting, 00:12:03.049 --> 00:12:05.970 then make peace between them." 00:12:05.970 --> 00:12:09.320 Commentary on the hadith: 00:12:09.320 --> 00:12:10.820 "A salty marshland" (sabkhah): 00:12:10.820 --> 00:12:13.519 It is ground covered by saline deposits, 00:12:13.519 --> 00:12:17.250 scarcely growing anything except certain scrub trees. 00:12:17.250 --> 00:12:18.750 "Keep away from me" (Ilayka 'anni): 00:12:18.750 --> 00:12:21.549 That is, step aside and move away from me. 00:12:22.350 --> 00:12:26.350 It is said that the Ansari was 'Abdullah Ibn Rawahah (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:12:26.350 --> 00:12:28.049 "Smells far sweeter": 00:12:28.049 --> 00:12:30.250 That is, has a much purer, more pleasant scent. 00:12:30.250 --> 00:12:31.649 "They exchanged insults": 00:12:31.649 --> 00:12:35.350 Meaning each of the two men verbally reviled the other. 00:12:35.350 --> 00:12:36.649 "Using palm stalks" (bil-jarid): 00:12:36.649 --> 00:12:37.750 Al-Jarid 00:12:37.750 --> 00:12:40.679 is a palm branch stripped of its leaves. 00:12:40.679 --> 00:12:44.580 "And if two factions among the believers fall into fighting, 00:12:44.580 --> 00:12:46.679 then make peace between them": 00:12:46.679 --> 00:12:49.980 Meaning, whenever infighting occurs between believers, 00:12:49.980 --> 00:12:53.179 it is obligatory upon the rest to strive for reconciliation, 00:12:53.179 --> 00:12:56.470 because fighting is a grave evil. 00:12:56.470 --> 00:13:00.129 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:13:00.129 --> 00:13:02.230 Derived from the hadith: 00:13:02.230 --> 00:13:05.830 An illustration of the noble character of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:13:05.830 --> 00:13:09.330 marked by forgiveness, forbearance, and patience in the face of harm. 00:13:09.330 --> 00:13:13.830 Riding a donkey does not diminish the stature of distinguished individuals. 00:13:13.830 --> 00:13:16.830 The profound veneration shown by the Companions 00:13:16.830 --> 00:13:19.929 for the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:13:20.129 --> 00:13:23.830 their deep respect, and their intense love for him. 00:13:23.830 --> 00:13:28.230 It is permissible for students to walk while their teacher rides. 00:13:28.230 --> 00:13:31.529 It is prescribed to speak up and defend a believer, 00:13:31.529 --> 00:13:35.629 particularly when the wronged party possesses nobility and modesty 00:13:35.629 --> 00:13:38.500 that keep them from responding to a foolish person. 00:13:38.500 --> 00:13:42.700 Believers must actively avert fighting among Muslims 00:13:42.700 --> 00:13:45.100 by intervening with reconciliation, 00:13:45.100 --> 00:13:49.500 arbitrating in the most complete manner to bring about peace, 00:13:49.600 --> 00:13:53.000 and pursuing whatever avenues lead to that outcome. 00:13:53.000 --> 00:13:57.899 The hadith indicates that perpetrators of major sins among the monotheists 00:13:57.899 --> 00:14:04.480 do not become disbelievers merely by committing them, nor will they abide eternally in the Fire. 00:14:04.480 --> 00:14:05.379 Chapter 00:14:05.379 --> 00:14:09.750 He Who Reconciles Between People Is Not a Liar 00:14:09.750 --> 00:14:13.250 On the authority of Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:14:13.250 --> 00:14:17.750 I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) say: 00:14:17.750 --> 00:14:21.250 "He who brings about reconciliation between people is not a liar; 00:14:21.250 --> 00:14:25.580 he conveys good or speaks good." 00:14:25.580 --> 00:14:29.190 Commentary on the hadith: 00:14:29.190 --> 00:14:31.190 "He conveys good" (yanmi khayran): 00:14:31.190 --> 00:14:36.539 One transmits an account by relaying and communicating it for the purpose of peacemaking. 00:14:36.539 --> 00:14:40.370 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:14:40.370 --> 00:14:42.370 Derived from the hadith: 00:14:42.370 --> 00:14:46.870 The permissibility of equivocation and double entendre, which provide an alternative to lying; 00:14:46.870 --> 00:14:50.870 as for outright falsehood, it is impermissible for anyone. 00:14:50.870 --> 00:14:54.370 The great virtue of striving to reconcile between people. 00:14:54.370 --> 00:14:56.870 Direction toward exerting every effort 00:14:56.870 --> 00:14:58.870 in selecting effective means 00:14:58.870 --> 00:15:03.860 to achieve peace between disputing parties. 00:15:03.860 --> 00:15:06.860 Chapter: If People Settle Upon an Unjust Reconciliation, 00:15:06.860 --> 00:15:09.529 the Reconciliation Is Rejected 00:15:09.529 --> 00:15:12.529 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: 00:15:12.529 --> 00:15:16.529 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:15:16.529 --> 00:15:22.330 "Whoever introduces into this affair of ours that which is not part of it, it is rejected." 00:15:22.330 --> 00:15:25.840 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:25.840 --> 00:15:27.840 Injustice (al-jawr) means oppression and wrongdoing. 00:15:27.840 --> 00:15:30.840 "Introduces" means invents and innovates. 00:15:30.840 --> 00:15:34.840 "In this affair of ours" means in our religion. 00:15:34.840 --> 00:15:37.840 "Rejected" (radd) means repudiated and unacceptable. 00:15:37.840 --> 00:15:41.029 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:15:41.029 --> 00:15:43.830 Derived from the hadith: 00:15:43.830 --> 00:15:46.830 The prohibition of religious innovation (bid'ah). 00:15:46.830 --> 00:15:50.830 Among the prerequisites for a righteous deed to be accepted is following the Sunnah. 00:15:50.830 --> 00:15:55.370 Chapter: Treaties of Peace with the Polytheists 00:15:55.370 --> 00:15:59.230 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:15:59.230 --> 00:16:02.230 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:16:02.230 --> 00:16:04.230 set out intending to perform 'Umrah, 00:16:04.230 --> 00:16:08.230 but the disbelievers of Quraysh barred him from reaching the Sacred House. 00:16:08.230 --> 00:16:10.230 So he slaughtered his sacrificial animal 00:16:10.230 --> 00:16:12.230 and shaved his head at al-Hudaybiyyah. 00:16:12.230 --> 00:16:16.230 He made a treaty with them that he would perform 'Umrah the following year, 00:16:16.230 --> 00:16:18.230 carrying no weapons against them 00:16:18.230 --> 00:16:20.230 except sheathed swords, 00:16:20.230 --> 00:16:23.230 and would not remain there longer than they agreed upon. 00:16:23.230 --> 00:16:26.259 Thus, he performed 'Umrah the following year, 00:16:26.259 --> 00:16:29.259 entering Mecca in accordance with the terms of the treaty. 00:16:29.259 --> 00:16:32.259 When he had stayed for three days, 00:16:32.259 --> 00:16:35.259 they instructed him to leave, and he departed. 00:16:35.259 --> 00:16:38.649 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:38.649 --> 00:16:42.029 "Barred him" means they prevented him from performing the 'Umrah. 00:16:42.029 --> 00:16:45.029 "Made a treaty with them" means he concluded peace terms with them. 00:16:45.029 --> 00:16:48.059 "The following" means the coming year. 00:16:49.059 --> 00:16:52.159 Key benefits of the hadith: 00:16:52.159 --> 00:16:54.830 Derived from the hadith: 00:16:54.830 --> 00:16:57.830 The permissibility of exiting the state of ihram for one who is prevented from completing it. 00:16:57.830 --> 00:17:01.830 The recommendation to make up the prevented 'Umrah. 00:17:01.830 --> 00:17:05.210 On the authority of Rafi' Ibn Khadij 00:17:05.210 --> 00:17:07.210 and Sahl Ibn Abi Hathmah, 00:17:07.210 --> 00:17:09.210 who both narrated 00:17:09.210 --> 00:17:11.210 that 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl 00:17:11.210 --> 00:17:13.210 and Muhayyasah Ibn Mas'ud 00:17:13.210 --> 00:17:15.210 went to Khaybar, 00:17:15.210 --> 00:17:17.269 and in one narration: 00:17:17.269 --> 00:17:19.269 while it was in a state of treaty at that time. 00:17:19.269 --> 00:17:21.269 They separated among the palm groves, 00:17:21.269 --> 00:17:24.269 and 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl was murdered. 00:17:24.269 --> 00:17:26.269 In another narration: 00:17:26.269 --> 00:17:29.269 Muhayyasah came upon 'Abdullah Ibn Sahl 00:17:29.269 --> 00:17:32.269 while he was lying dead, covered in his own blood, 00:17:32.269 --> 00:17:34.269 so he buried him. 00:17:34.269 --> 00:17:36.269 He then returned to Medina. 00:17:36.269 --> 00:17:38.269 And in a narration: 00:17:38.269 --> 00:17:40.269 that 'Abdullah was murdered 00:17:40.269 --> 00:17:42.269 and cast into a ditch or a spring. 00:17:42.269 --> 00:17:44.269 So [Muhayyasah] went to the Jews 00:17:44.269 --> 00:17:47.269 and said, "By Allah, you have murdered him!" 00:17:47.269 --> 00:17:48.269 They said, 00:17:48.269 --> 00:17:50.269 "By Allah, we did not murder him." 00:17:50.269 --> 00:17:53.400 Then 'Abd al-Rahman Ibn Sahl 00:17:53.400 --> 00:17:55.400 along with Huwayyasah and Muhayyasah, 00:17:55.400 --> 00:17:56.400 the sons of Mas'ud, came 00:17:56.400 --> 00:17:59.400 to the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:17:59.400 --> 00:18:02.400 and began speaking regarding the matter of their companion. 00:18:02.400 --> 00:18:04.400 'Abd al-Rahman began to speak first, 00:18:04.400 --> 00:18:06.400 as he was the youngest among them, 00:18:06.400 --> 00:18:10.400 so the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him, 00:18:10.400 --> 00:18:12.400 "Let the elder speak first." 00:18:12.400 --> 00:18:15.400 So the elders spoke concerning the matter of their companion, 00:18:15.400 --> 00:18:18.400 and the Prophet (peace be upon him) said— 00:18:18.400 --> 00:18:20.430 in one narration: 00:18:20.430 --> 00:18:23.430 "Will you bring proof against the one who killed him?" 00:18:23.430 --> 00:18:25.460 And in another narration: 00:18:25.460 --> 00:18:27.460 "Either they pay blood money for your companion, 00:18:27.460 --> 00:18:30.460 or they declare war." 00:18:30.460 --> 00:18:33.619 "Will you establish your right to the slain man's blood money," 00:18:33.619 --> 00:18:34.619 or he said: 00:18:34.619 --> 00:18:37.619 "your companion, through the oaths of fifty men among you?" 00:18:37.619 --> 00:18:40.619 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:18:40.619 --> 00:18:42.619 it is a matter we did not witness." 00:18:42.619 --> 00:18:43.619 He said, 00:18:43.619 --> 00:18:47.619 "Then the Jews will absolve themselves by the oaths of fifty men among them." 00:18:47.619 --> 00:18:50.619 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:18:50.619 --> 00:18:52.619 they are a disbelieving people!" 00:18:52.619 --> 00:18:56.619 So the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) paid the blood money for him 00:18:56.619 --> 00:18:57.619 from his own resources. 00:18:57.619 --> 00:18:58.779 In one narration: 00:18:58.779 --> 00:19:00.779 and paid his blood money himself. 00:19:00.779 --> 00:19:01.779 According to another narration: 00:19:01.779 --> 00:19:05.779 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) disliked 00:19:05.779 --> 00:19:06.779 that his blood should be left unavenged, 00:19:06.779 --> 00:19:09.779 so he paid his blood money with one hundred camels from the camels of zakat. 00:19:09.779 --> 00:19:11.940 Sahl said: 00:19:11.940 --> 00:19:14.940 "I later came across one of those very camels 00:19:14.940 --> 00:19:16.940 as it entered an enclosure of theirs, 00:19:16.940 --> 00:19:19.940 and it kicked me with its hind leg." 00:19:19.940 --> 00:19:23.619 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:19:23.619 --> 00:19:27.380 "So they spoke regarding the matter of their companion," 00:19:27.380 --> 00:19:28.380 meaning their slain kinsman, 00:19:28.380 --> 00:19:30.380 who was 'Abdullah. 00:19:30.380 --> 00:19:32.380 "Let the eldest speak," 00:19:32.380 --> 00:19:35.380 meaning give precedence to the eldest among you to speak. 00:19:35.380 --> 00:19:37.380 "Would you establish your right to your slain companion?" 00:19:37.380 --> 00:19:40.380 meaning would you be judged entitled to his blood money? 00:19:40.380 --> 00:19:42.380 "Then the Jews will clear themselves before you," 00:19:42.380 --> 00:19:46.380 meaning they will be judged innocent of the killing of your companion. 00:19:46.380 --> 00:19:48.380 "So he paid their blood money," 00:19:48.380 --> 00:19:51.380 meaning he handed over to them the blood money for their companion. 00:19:51.380 --> 00:19:52.380 "An enclosure" (mirbad): 00:19:52.380 --> 00:19:56.380 A mirbad is a place where camels are gathered or penned. 00:19:56.380 --> 00:19:58.380 "And it kicked me," 00:19:58.380 --> 00:20:00.380 meaning it struck me with its foot. 00:20:00.380 --> 00:20:02.380 "And it was at that time under a truce," 00:20:02.380 --> 00:20:05.380 meaning between its inhabitants, the Jews, and the Muslims. 00:20:05.380 --> 00:20:07.380 "Wallowing," 00:20:07.380 --> 00:20:09.380 meaning flailing around in his own blood, 00:20:09.380 --> 00:20:11.380 convulsing and rolling over. 00:20:11.380 --> 00:20:14.740 Benefits of the Hadith: 00:20:14.740 --> 00:20:17.599 From this hadith is derived: 00:20:17.599 --> 00:20:21.599 Guidance toward the etiquette of giving precedence to the eldest in speaking; 00:20:21.599 --> 00:20:24.599 the legal validity of appointment of representation (wikalah); 00:20:24.599 --> 00:20:28.599 that the ruling regarding the compurgation oath (qasamah) differs from other legal claims, 00:20:28.599 --> 00:20:32.599 in that the oath is demanded from the claimants; 00:20:32.599 --> 00:20:37.599 evidence for those who maintain that the qasamah entails legal retribution (qisas); 00:20:37.599 --> 00:20:41.599 that the ruler ought to look after public welfare; 00:20:41.599 --> 00:20:44.599 and the importance of reconciling between people. 00:20:44.599 --> 00:20:48.650 Chapter: Settlement regarding Blood Money. 00:20:48.650 --> 00:20:51.029 On the authority of Anas: 00:20:51.029 --> 00:20:54.029 Ar-Rabi', who was the daughter of An-Nadr, 00:20:54.029 --> 00:20:56.029 broke the central incisor of a young woman. 00:20:56.029 --> 00:20:58.029 They sought compensation, 00:20:58.029 --> 00:20:59.029 and they sought a pardon, 00:20:59.029 --> 00:21:01.029 but the family refused. 00:21:01.029 --> 00:21:04.029 So they came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:21:04.029 --> 00:21:06.029 and he ordered legal retribution. 00:21:06.029 --> 00:21:09.029 Anas Ibn An-Nadr said: 00:21:09.029 --> 00:21:13.029 "Shall the central incisor of Ar-Rabi' be broken, O Messenger of Allah? 00:21:13.029 --> 00:21:15.029 No, by the One Who sent you with the truth! 00:21:15.029 --> 00:21:18.029 Her central incisor shall not be broken!" 00:21:18.029 --> 00:21:21.029 He said: "O Anas, 00:21:21.029 --> 00:21:23.029 the Book of Allah ordains legal retribution." 00:21:23.029 --> 00:21:26.029 Thereupon, the people agreed to relent and pardoned her. 00:21:26.029 --> 00:21:28.160 In another narration: 00:21:28.160 --> 00:21:30.160 And they accepted compensation. 00:21:30.160 --> 00:21:33.160 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: 00:21:33.160 --> 00:21:35.160 "Indeed, among the servants of Allah 00:21:35.160 --> 00:21:38.160 are those who, if they swear an oath by Allah, He fulfills it." 00:21:38.160 --> 00:21:41.740 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:21:41.740 --> 00:21:43.990 "She broke the central incisor of a young woman," 00:21:43.990 --> 00:21:45.990 meaning she slapped a young woman 00:21:45.990 --> 00:21:47.990 and broke her central incisor. 00:21:47.990 --> 00:21:50.990 The thaniyyah is one of the front teeth. 00:21:50.990 --> 00:21:52.990 "Young woman" (jariyah) here refers to 00:21:52.990 --> 00:21:54.990 a free young woman, not a slave-girl, 00:21:54.990 --> 00:21:57.990 so that legal retribution between them is conceivable. 00:21:57.990 --> 00:22:00.089 Compensation (arsh): 00:22:00.089 --> 00:22:03.089 meaning the difference in value paid between a defect-free item and a defective one, 00:22:03.089 --> 00:22:06.089 its purpose being to compensate for the sustained damage. 00:22:06.089 --> 00:22:08.119 Pardon: 00:22:08.119 --> 00:22:10.119 meaning forgiving and waiving punishment. 00:22:10.119 --> 00:22:12.119 "They refused," 00:22:12.119 --> 00:22:14.119 meaning they declined and rejected the offer. 00:22:14.119 --> 00:22:16.119 "Legal retribution," 00:22:16.119 --> 00:22:18.119 meaning that the central incisor of Ar-Rabi' be broken. 00:22:18.119 --> 00:22:20.119 "The Book of Allah ordains legal retribution," 00:22:20.119 --> 00:22:24.119 meaning that which is prescribed and made obligatory in the Book of Allah 00:22:24.119 --> 00:22:26.119 is legal retribution. 00:22:26.119 --> 00:22:28.119 "He fulfills it," 00:22:28.119 --> 00:22:30.410 meaning He confirms his oath and brings it to pass. 00:22:30.410 --> 00:22:32.410 Benefits of the Hadith: 00:22:32.410 --> 00:22:35.240 From this hadith is derived: 00:22:35.240 --> 00:22:37.240 The obligation of legal retribution for broken teeth; 00:22:37.240 --> 00:22:40.240 the establishment of legal retribution between women; 00:22:40.240 --> 00:22:44.269 that the choice between retribution and blood money belongs to the wronged party, 00:22:44.269 --> 00:22:47.269 not to the offender; 00:22:47.269 --> 00:22:51.269 the permissibility of swearing an oath based on a person's strong expectation; 00:22:51.269 --> 00:22:55.269 the permissibility of praising someone who is not feared 00:22:55.269 --> 00:22:57.269 to fall into trial or conceited vanity; 00:22:57.269 --> 00:23:00.269 the affirmation of the miracles of the righteous allies of Allah (karamat al-awliya'); 00:23:00.269 --> 00:23:03.269 the recommendation to pardon from legal retribution 00:23:03.269 --> 00:23:05.269 and to intercede in that regard; 00:23:05.269 --> 00:23:09.269 a demonstration of the virtue of Anas Ibn An-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him); 00:23:09.269 --> 00:23:11.269 and a demonstration of the virtue of certainty 00:23:11.269 --> 00:23:14.269 and harboring good expectations of Allah Almighty. 00:23:14.269 --> 00:23:19.220 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:23:19.220 --> 00:23:23.220 regarding Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both): 00:23:23.220 --> 00:23:25.220 "This son of mine is a master, 00:23:25.220 --> 00:23:30.220 and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two great factions." 00:23:30.220 --> 00:23:32.960 On the authority of Al-Hasan, who said: 00:23:32.960 --> 00:23:35.960 "By Allah, Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali advanced 00:23:35.960 --> 00:23:39.960 against Mu'awiyah with battalions like mountains." 00:23:40.960 --> 00:23:42.960 'Amr Ibn Al-'As said: 00:23:42.960 --> 00:23:45.960 "Indeed, I see battalions that will not turn back 00:23:45.960 --> 00:23:48.960 until they slay their peers." 00:23:48.960 --> 00:23:50.960 Mu'awiyah said to him— 00:23:50.960 --> 00:23:53.960 and by Allah, he was the better of the two men: 00:23:53.960 --> 00:23:54.960 "O 'Amr! 00:23:54.960 --> 00:23:57.960 If these kill those, 00:23:57.960 --> 00:23:59.960 and those kill these, 00:23:59.960 --> 00:24:02.960 who will be left for me to govern the affairs of the people? 00:24:02.960 --> 00:24:04.960 Who will be left for me to look after their women? 00:24:04.960 --> 00:24:06.960 Who will be left for me to care for their dependents?" 00:24:06.960 --> 00:24:10.089 So he dispatched to him two men from Quraysh, 00:24:10.089 --> 00:24:12.089 from Banu 'Abd Shams: 00:24:12.089 --> 00:24:14.089 'Abd ar-Rahman Ibn Samurah 00:24:14.089 --> 00:24:17.089 and 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amir Ibn Kurayz. 00:24:17.089 --> 00:24:18.089 He said: 00:24:18.089 --> 00:24:21.089 "Go to this man, 00:24:21.089 --> 00:24:22.089 present matters to him, 00:24:22.089 --> 00:24:24.089 speak with him, 00:24:24.089 --> 00:24:26.180 and make proposals to him." 00:24:26.180 --> 00:24:28.180 So they went to him and entered his presence, 00:24:28.180 --> 00:24:31.180 spoke with him and addressed him, 00:24:31.180 --> 00:24:33.220 making proposals to him. 00:24:33.220 --> 00:24:35.220 Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali said to them: 00:24:35.220 --> 00:24:37.220 "We, the clan of 'Abd al-Muttalib, 00:24:37.220 --> 00:24:40.220 have been accustomed to receiving funds from this wealth, 00:24:40.220 --> 00:24:42.220 and this Ummah 00:24:42.220 --> 00:24:44.220 has shed much of its own blood." 00:24:44.220 --> 00:24:46.250 They said: 00:24:46.250 --> 00:24:48.250 "He indeed offers you 00:24:48.250 --> 00:24:49.250 such-and-such, 00:24:49.250 --> 00:24:52.250 appeals to you, and makes requests of you." 00:24:52.250 --> 00:24:53.250 He said: 00:24:53.250 --> 00:24:55.250 "Who will guarantee this for me?" 00:24:55.250 --> 00:24:56.250 They said: 00:24:56.250 --> 00:24:58.250 "We guarantee it for you." 00:24:58.250 --> 00:25:00.339 He did not ask them for anything 00:25:00.339 --> 00:25:01.339 except that they said: 00:25:01.339 --> 00:25:03.339 "We guarantee it for you." 00:25:03.339 --> 00:25:05.339 So he made peace with him. 00:25:05.339 --> 00:25:07.500 Al-Hasan said: 00:25:07.500 --> 00:25:10.500 "By Allah, I indeed heard Abu Bakrah say: 00:25:10.500 --> 00:25:15.500 'I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) upon the pulpit, 00:25:15.500 --> 00:25:18.500 with Al-Hasan Ibn 'Ali beside him, 00:25:18.500 --> 00:25:22.500 looking at the people at one moment and at him at another, 00:25:22.500 --> 00:25:23.500 saying: 00:25:23.500 --> 00:25:26.500 "Indeed, this son of mine is a master, 00:25:26.500 --> 00:25:32.500 and perhaps Allah will reconcile through him between two great factions of Muslims."'" 00:25:32.500 --> 00:25:35.890 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:25:35.890 --> 00:25:38.140 "With battalions" (katā'ib): 00:25:38.140 --> 00:25:39.140 A battalion (katībah) 00:25:39.140 --> 00:25:42.140 is a gathered detachment of an army. 00:25:42.140 --> 00:25:44.140 "Like mountains": 00:25:44.140 --> 00:25:46.140 a metaphor for immense numbers. 00:25:46.140 --> 00:25:48.140 "They will not turn back," 00:25:48.140 --> 00:25:50.140 meaning they will not retreat. 00:25:50.140 --> 00:25:51.140 "Their peers" (aqrānaha): 00:25:51.140 --> 00:25:55.140 meaning their counterparts and equals in courage and warfare. 00:25:55.140 --> 00:25:57.140 "The better of the two men," 00:25:57.140 --> 00:26:01.140 meaning Mu'awiyah was better than 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:26:01.140 --> 00:26:04.140 and this is from the words of Al-Hasan Al-Basri. 00:26:04.140 --> 00:26:06.240 "Who will be left for me to govern the affairs of the people?" 00:26:06.240 --> 00:26:10.240 meaning who will take charge of the affairs of the people for me? 00:26:10.240 --> 00:26:12.240 "Who will be left for me to care for their dependents?" 00:26:12.240 --> 00:26:16.240 meaning who will take care of the children and the vulnerable? 00:26:16.240 --> 00:26:18.240 They are termed ḍay'ah (dependents/vulnerable) 00:26:18.240 --> 00:26:20.240 because if they were left to themselves, 00:26:20.240 --> 00:26:24.299 they would perish due to their inability to sustain their own livelihood. 00:26:24.299 --> 00:26:26.299 "We have been accustomed to receiving funds from this wealth," 00:26:26.299 --> 00:26:30.299 meaning we acquired through the Caliphate access to this wealth, 00:26:30.299 --> 00:26:36.460 whereby spending and conferring bounties upon family and retinue became our custom. 00:26:36.460 --> 00:26:38.460 "Has shed much of its own blood," 00:26:38.460 --> 00:26:40.460 meaning they have killed one another, 00:26:40.460 --> 00:26:43.460 and they will not desist without monetary provision. 00:26:43.460 --> 00:26:45.500 "Who will guarantee this for me?" 00:26:45.500 --> 00:26:49.500 meaning who will vouch for me regarding what you mention? 00:26:49.500 --> 00:26:50.500 Abu Bakrah: 00:26:50.500 --> 00:26:54.500 he is Nufay' Ibn Al-Harith Ath-Thaqafi (may Allah be pleased with him). 00:26:54.500 --> 00:26:58.500 "Looking at the people at one moment and at him at another," 00:26:58.500 --> 00:27:01.500 meaning he would look at the people once, 00:27:01.500 --> 00:27:04.500 and look at Al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him) another time. 00:27:04.500 --> 00:27:06.559 "Between two factions," 00:27:06.559 --> 00:27:09.559 meaning between two parties and groups. 00:27:09.559 --> 00:27:13.099 Benefits of the Hadith: 00:27:13.099 --> 00:27:15.680 From this hadith is derived: 00:27:15.680 --> 00:27:18.680 A demonstration of the virtue of Al-Hasan (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:27:18.680 --> 00:27:25.680 for his piety led him to relinquish rule and worldly power out of desire for what is with Allah Almighty, 00:27:25.680 --> 00:27:30.779 and that was not due to inability, humiliation, or smallness of numbers; 00:27:30.779 --> 00:27:38.779 that a Muslim ought to prioritize and safeguard the interest of religion and the Ummah over personal interest; 00:27:38.779 --> 00:27:43.779 that emissaries between disputing parties must not be harmed; 00:27:43.779 --> 00:27:47.779 the validity of the rule of a less virtuous person over one who is more virtuous; 00:27:47.779 --> 00:27:53.779 that mastery is truly merited only by one who benefits the people; 00:27:53.779 --> 00:27:57.779 the permissibility of addressing a Muslim as "master" (sayyid); 00:27:57.779 --> 00:28:01.779 the legitimacy of requesting surety and financial guarantees; 00:28:01.779 --> 00:28:04.779 It also shows the virtue of reconciling people, 00:28:04.779 --> 00:28:08.779 and it demonstrates the virtue of Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:28:08.779 --> 00:28:14.700 Chapter: Should the Leader Suggest Reconciliation? 00:28:14.700 --> 00:28:17.980 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: 00:28:17.980 --> 00:28:25.980 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, heard the raised voices of two disputants at the door. 00:28:25.980 --> 00:28:30.980 One of them was asking the other to reduce his debt and show leniency, 00:28:30.980 --> 00:28:34.980 while the other was saying, "By Allah, I will not do so!" 00:28:34.980 --> 00:28:38.980 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came out to them 00:28:38.980 --> 00:28:44.980 and said, "Where is the one swearing by Allah that he will not do good?" 00:28:44.980 --> 00:28:47.980 He replied, "It is I, O Messenger of Allah, 00:28:47.980 --> 00:28:50.980 and he may have whichever option he prefers." 00:28:50.980 --> 00:28:54.460 Commentary on the hadith: 00:28:54.460 --> 00:28:57.940 "Disputants" refers to two people in a dispute. 00:28:57.940 --> 00:28:59.940 "Asking the other to reduce his debt" 00:28:59.940 --> 00:29:02.940 means he was requesting that he waive a portion of his debt. 00:29:02.940 --> 00:29:04.940 "Show leniency" 00:29:04.940 --> 00:29:09.940 means he was asking him to be gentle in demanding and collecting payment. 00:29:09.940 --> 00:29:12.940 "In something" refers to a portion of the debt. 00:29:12.940 --> 00:29:17.980 "The one swearing by Allah" refers to the person taking a solemn, emphatic oath. 00:29:17.980 --> 00:29:20.980 "And he may have whichever option he prefers" 00:29:20.980 --> 00:29:23.980 means the debtor may choose either a debt reduction or lenient terms. 00:29:23.980 --> 00:29:27.420 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:29:27.420 --> 00:29:30.059 Among the lessons derived from the hadith is: 00:29:30.059 --> 00:29:32.059 Urging leniency toward the debtor, 00:29:32.059 --> 00:29:35.059 and showing kindness to him by waiving part of the debt. 00:29:35.059 --> 00:29:39.099 It also contains a stern warning against swearing an oath not to perform a good deed. 00:29:39.099 --> 00:29:43.099 It demonstrates the swift understanding of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:29:43.099 --> 00:29:46.099 regarding the intent of the Prophet (peace be upon him), 00:29:46.099 --> 00:29:49.099 their compliance with whatever he suggested, 00:29:49.099 --> 00:29:52.099 and their eagerness to do good. 00:29:52.099 --> 00:29:55.099 It also shows forbearance toward what occurs between disputants, 00:29:55.099 --> 00:29:58.099 such as raising their voices in the presence of the judge or leader. 00:29:58.099 --> 00:30:03.099 It establishes the permissibility of a debtor asking the creditor for a reduction in debt. 00:30:03.099 --> 00:30:07.099 It also shows the recommendation of interceding with right-holders, 00:30:07.099 --> 00:30:10.099 and the merit of accepting intercession for a good cause. 00:30:10.099 --> 00:30:15.920 Chapter: The Virtue of Reconciling People and Being Just Between Them 00:30:15.920 --> 00:30:20.430 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:30:20.430 --> 00:30:24.430 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:30:24.430 --> 00:30:28.430 "A charity is due for every joint of the human body 00:30:28.430 --> 00:30:31.430 on every day the sun rises: 00:30:31.430 --> 00:30:34.529 judging justly between two people is a charity; 00:30:34.529 --> 00:30:37.529 in another narration: 'reconciling people'; 00:30:37.529 --> 00:30:41.529 helping a man onto his mount, loading him onto it, 00:30:41.529 --> 00:30:44.529 or lifting his luggage onto it is a charity; 00:30:44.529 --> 00:30:47.529 a good word is a charity; 00:30:47.529 --> 00:30:51.529 every step taken toward prayer is a charity; 00:30:51.529 --> 00:30:54.529 and removing a harmful object from the road is a charity." 00:30:54.529 --> 00:30:59.529 In another narration: "and guiding someone along the road is a charity." 00:30:59.529 --> 00:31:02.980 Commentary on the hadith: 00:31:02.980 --> 00:31:07.259 "Every joint" refers to every articulation and joint in the body. 00:31:07.259 --> 00:31:11.259 "Is a charity" means it earns the reward and merit of giving charity. 00:31:11.259 --> 00:31:13.329 "Judging justly between two people" 00:31:13.329 --> 00:31:16.329 means reconciling between them with justice. 00:31:16.329 --> 00:31:18.329 "Lifting his luggage onto it" 00:31:18.329 --> 00:31:21.329 means helping him carry and load his belongings. 00:31:21.329 --> 00:31:23.329 "A good word" 00:31:23.329 --> 00:31:25.329 refers to any kind, beneficial speech. 00:31:25.329 --> 00:31:28.329 "Removing a harmful object from the road" 00:31:28.329 --> 00:31:32.329 means eliminating anything that causes harm to passersby. 00:31:32.329 --> 00:31:35.549 Key takeaways from the hadith: 00:31:35.549 --> 00:31:38.380 Among the lessons derived from the hadith is: 00:31:38.380 --> 00:31:41.380 All of man's bones and joints 00:31:41.380 --> 00:31:44.380 are a gift from Allah Almighty to him. 00:31:44.380 --> 00:31:46.380 Thus, the Shariah has directed that one should reciprocate 00:31:46.380 --> 00:31:49.380 this blessing by giving charity. 00:31:49.380 --> 00:31:52.480 It guides one to utilize the blessings of Allah Almighty 00:31:52.480 --> 00:31:55.480 in His worship and in drawing closer to Him. 00:31:55.480 --> 00:31:58.509 It encourages engaging in righteous deeds 00:31:58.509 --> 00:32:00.509 whose benefit extends to others. 00:32:00.509 --> 00:32:04.509 It also highlights the virtue of walking to the prayer.