WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 Riyad al-Salihin (The Meadows of the Righteous) 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:06.780 from the words of the Master of the Messengers, 00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:09.779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.120 Chapter: The Prohibition of Injustice and the Command to Redress Injustices. 00:00:16.120 --> 00:00:21.170 Allah the Exalted said: 00:00:21.170 --> 00:00:26.170 “Warn them (O Muhammad) of the Day of the approaching (doom), when the hearts will be choking the throats, (when) there will be no friend for the wrong-doers, nor any intercessor who will be heard.” (40:18) 00:00:26.170 --> 00:00:28.300 And the Exalted said: 00:00:28.300 --> 00:00:32.299 “And they worship instead of Allah that for which He hath sent down no warrant, and that whereof they have no knowledge. For evil-doers there is no helper.” (22:71) 00:00:32.299 --> 00:00:36.640 On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:00:36.640 --> 00:00:40.640 the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:00:40.640 --> 00:00:42.640 "Beware of injustice, 00:00:42.640 --> 00:00:46.640 for injustice will be darkness on the Day of Resurrection; 00:00:46.640 --> 00:00:48.640 and beware of avarice, 00:00:48.640 --> 00:00:52.640 for avarice destroyed those who came before you: 00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:55.640 it led them to shed their blood 00:00:55.640 --> 00:00:58.700 and violate their sanctities." 00:00:58.700 --> 00:01:00.700 Related by Muslim. 00:01:00.700 --> 00:01:03.539 "Beware": 00:01:03.539 --> 00:01:05.700 that is, guard yourselves against. 00:01:05.700 --> 00:01:06.700 "Avarice": 00:01:06.700 --> 00:01:09.730 it is extreme stinginess coupled with covetousness. 00:01:09.730 --> 00:01:11.730 "It led them": 00:01:11.730 --> 00:01:13.730 that is, it was the cause of their action. 00:01:13.730 --> 00:01:15.819 "They violated": 00:01:15.819 --> 00:01:20.819 meaning they deemed lawful what Allah had forbidden them, such as unlawful sexual relations. 00:01:20.819 --> 00:01:25.069 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:01:25.069 --> 00:01:28.069 The prohibition of injustice and the warning against it. 00:01:28.069 --> 00:01:30.329 Abstract matters 00:01:30.329 --> 00:01:35.329 will, by the command of Allah, turn into physical realities on the Day of Resurrection. 00:01:35.329 --> 00:01:38.549 Stinginess is an enemy to the people of faith, 00:01:38.549 --> 00:01:42.549 for generosity and munificence are among the characteristics of believers. 00:01:42.549 --> 00:01:44.939 Stinginess and injustice 00:01:44.939 --> 00:01:48.319 are among the causes of the spread of crime. 00:01:48.319 --> 00:01:50.319 Injustice and avarice 00:01:50.319 --> 00:01:54.319 are major sins that bring about ruin in this world 00:01:54.319 --> 00:01:58.769 and severe afflictions on the Day of Resurrection. 00:01:58.769 --> 00:02:00.769 Clinging greedily to worldly life 00:02:00.769 --> 00:02:05.769 drags the Ummah into sins and plunges them into immoral acts. 00:02:05.769 --> 00:02:10.460 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:02:10.460 --> 00:02:14.460 the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:02:14.460 --> 00:02:19.500 "Rights will surely be restored to their claimants on the Day of Resurrection, 00:02:19.500 --> 00:02:24.500 to the extent that the hornless sheep will retaliate against the horned sheep." 00:02:24.500 --> 00:02:27.689 Related by Muslim. 00:02:27.689 --> 00:02:31.810 "Their claimants" means their rightful owners. 00:02:31.810 --> 00:02:33.810 "Will retaliate": 00:02:33.810 --> 00:02:35.969 meaning retribution will be exacted. 00:02:35.969 --> 00:02:37.969 "The hornless sheep": 00:02:37.969 --> 00:02:40.969 is the one that has no horns. 00:02:40.969 --> 00:02:43.930 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:02:43.930 --> 00:02:46.280 On the Day of Resurrection, 00:02:46.280 --> 00:02:48.280 all creation will be resurrected, 00:02:48.280 --> 00:02:51.280 and animals will likewise be gathered, 00:02:51.280 --> 00:02:54.280 being restored just as human beings are restored. 00:02:54.280 --> 00:02:58.569 Exacting retribution from animals, though they are not legally accountable, 00:02:58.569 --> 00:03:02.889 is a declaration of the establishment of absolute justice. 00:03:02.889 --> 00:03:05.889 The obligation to restore rights to their rightful owners. 00:03:05.889 --> 00:03:09.110 Allah will exact retribution from the wrongdoer, 00:03:09.110 --> 00:03:12.110 which will be done by taking from the wrongdoer’s good deeds 00:03:12.110 --> 00:03:15.500 and transferring the victim's bad deeds onto him. 00:03:15.500 --> 00:03:18.500 The rights of people will not be overlooked 00:03:18.500 --> 00:03:21.819 until they are fully restored to their rightful owners. 00:03:21.819 --> 00:03:24.819 Allah the Exalted will gather the animals 00:03:24.819 --> 00:03:28.819 to exact retribution among them in manifestation of absolute justice; 00:03:28.819 --> 00:03:34.830 then they will turn to dust, as established in the hadith. 00:03:34.830 --> 00:03:37.830 On the authority of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), he said: 00:03:37.830 --> 00:03:41.830 "We used to speak about the Farewell Pilgrimage 00:03:41.830 --> 00:03:45.830 while the Prophet (peace be upon him) was among us, 00:03:45.830 --> 00:03:48.830 yet we did not understand what the Farewell Pilgrimage meant, 00:03:48.830 --> 00:03:54.830 until the Messenger of Allah praised and glorified Allah, 00:03:54.830 --> 00:03:57.830 then mentioned the False Messiah (al-Masih al-Dajjal), 00:03:57.830 --> 00:04:00.830 speaking at great length about him, and said: 00:04:00.830 --> 00:04:05.830 'Allah has not sent any prophet except that he warned his nation about him; 00:04:05.830 --> 00:04:09.860 Noah and the prophets after him warned against him. 00:04:09.860 --> 00:04:12.860 If he appears among you, 00:04:12.860 --> 00:04:15.860 whatever aspect of his condition might remain hidden from you, 00:04:15.860 --> 00:04:17.860 this will not remain hidden from you: 00:04:17.860 --> 00:04:20.860 your Lord is not one-eyed, 00:04:20.860 --> 00:04:23.860 whereas he is blind in his right eye, 00:04:23.860 --> 00:04:26.860 as if his eye were a floating grape. 00:04:26.860 --> 00:04:32.060 Lo! Indeed Allah has made inviolable for you your blood and your wealth, 00:04:32.060 --> 00:04:35.060 just like the sanctity of this day of yours, 00:04:35.060 --> 00:04:37.060 in this city of yours, 00:04:37.060 --> 00:04:40.149 in this month of yours. 00:04:40.149 --> 00:04:42.149 Lo, have I conveyed the message?' 00:04:42.149 --> 00:04:44.149 They said: 'Yes.' 00:04:44.149 --> 00:04:45.149 He said: 00:04:45.149 --> 00:04:47.149 'O Allah, bear witness!' 00:04:47.149 --> 00:04:49.279 three times. 00:04:49.279 --> 00:04:52.279 'Woe to you! 00:04:53.279 --> 00:04:56.279 Do not revert after me as disbelievers, 00:04:56.279 --> 00:04:59.470 striking the necks of one another.'" 00:04:59.470 --> 00:05:01.470 Related by al-Bukhari, 00:05:01.470 --> 00:05:05.819 and Muslim related a part of it. 00:05:05.819 --> 00:05:07.819 "The Farewell Pilgrimage": 00:05:07.819 --> 00:05:11.819 it is the Hajj of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:05:11.819 --> 00:05:14.819 in the tenth year of the Hijrah; 00:05:14.819 --> 00:05:16.819 and it was so named 00:05:16.819 --> 00:05:19.819 because the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:05:19.819 --> 00:05:22.819 bade them farewell during it, saying: 00:05:22.819 --> 00:05:27.230 "Perhaps I shall not meet you after this year of mine." 00:05:27.230 --> 00:05:29.230 "Al-Masih" (The Messiah): 00:05:29.230 --> 00:05:31.389 meaning the one whose eye is wiped out / defective. 00:05:31.389 --> 00:05:32.389 "Spoke at great length": 00:05:32.389 --> 00:05:34.680 meaning he elaborated thoroughly. 00:05:34.680 --> 00:05:36.680 "Warned his nation": 00:05:36.680 --> 00:05:40.680 meaning he cautioned them against his evil and clarified some of his attributes. 00:05:40.680 --> 00:05:42.870 "Floating": 00:05:42.870 --> 00:05:45.129 meaning prominent and protruding. 00:05:45.129 --> 00:05:47.129 "Wayl" or "Wayh" (Woe): 00:05:47.129 --> 00:05:51.410 a word used for warning. 00:05:51.410 --> 00:05:54.660 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:05:54.660 --> 00:05:58.660 The comprehensive methodology of the prophets in calling to Allah. 00:05:58.660 --> 00:06:02.660 Recognizing the path of the criminals in order to warn against them, 00:06:02.660 --> 00:06:06.660 so that it is not confused with the path of the believers. 00:06:06.660 --> 00:06:08.660 And among the greatest of criminals 00:06:08.660 --> 00:06:10.660 is the Dajjal; 00:06:10.660 --> 00:06:13.660 therefore, Allah did not send any prophet 00:06:13.660 --> 00:06:15.660 except that he warned his nation about him; 00:06:15.660 --> 00:06:20.079 Noah and the prophets after him warned against him. 00:06:20.079 --> 00:06:25.079 Clarifying the path of the criminals in detail is necessary so it becomes distinct; 00:06:25.079 --> 00:06:28.079 and for this reason, Allah the Exalted said: 00:06:28.079 --> 00:06:34.620 “Thus do We expound the revelations that the way of the unrighteous may be manifest.” (6:55) 00:06:34.620 --> 00:06:36.620 Caution against tribulations 00:06:36.620 --> 00:06:40.980 by knowing the attributes of their purveyors and their methods. 00:06:40.980 --> 00:06:44.980 The compassion of the Messenger (peace be upon him) for his Ummah, 00:06:44.980 --> 00:06:50.649 shown through his warning them against falling into injustice and tribulations. 00:06:50.649 --> 00:06:53.649 Affirming the attribute of the Eye for Allah the Exalted, 00:06:53.649 --> 00:06:57.649 without anthropomorphism, asking "how", negating the attribute, 00:06:57.649 --> 00:07:00.680 distorting its meaning, or consigning its meaning to ambiguity. 00:07:00.680 --> 00:07:04.680 And we know that Allah the Exalted has two eyes, 00:07:04.680 --> 00:07:07.680 because our Lord is not one-eyed, 00:07:07.680 --> 00:07:12.160 and one who is one-eyed possesses only a single functioning eye. 00:07:12.160 --> 00:07:14.160 The prohibition of internal fighting, 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:17.420 and that doing so is among the deeds of disbelievers. 00:07:17.420 --> 00:07:23.930 The blood, wealth, and honor of Muslims are inviolable to one another. 00:07:23.930 --> 00:07:28.930 Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has designated days, months, and places 00:07:28.930 --> 00:07:31.930 that possess an inherent sanctity, virtue, and inviolability 00:07:31.930 --> 00:07:36.310 over all other days, months, and places. 00:07:36.310 --> 00:07:40.310 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) truly conveyed 00:07:40.310 --> 00:07:42.310 the messages of his Lord, 00:07:42.310 --> 00:07:44.310 fulfilled their exposition completely, 00:07:44.310 --> 00:07:47.660 and did not conceal anything of the religion. 00:07:47.660 --> 00:07:51.660 Certain acts of disobedience are referred to with the word "disbelief" (kufr), 00:07:51.660 --> 00:07:53.660 which is practical disbelief, 00:07:53.660 --> 00:07:56.660 counted among the destructive and major sins; 00:07:56.660 --> 00:07:59.660 and the committer of a major sin does not become a disbeliever 00:07:59.660 --> 00:08:04.259 so long as he does not deem it lawful. 00:08:04.259 --> 00:08:07.259 On the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:08:07.259 --> 00:08:11.259 the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:08:11.259 --> 00:08:14.300 "Whoever usurps unjustly even a handspan of land, 00:08:14.300 --> 00:08:17.300 it will be tied around his neck like a collar from seven earths." 00:08:18.329 --> 00:08:21.420 Agreed upon. 00:08:21.420 --> 00:08:25.509 "Usurps unjustly" means taking it without right. 00:08:25.509 --> 00:08:28.509 "A handspan" means the measure of a handspan. 00:08:28.509 --> 00:08:31.769 "It will be tied around his neck like a collar from seven earths": 00:08:31.769 --> 00:08:35.769 meaning Allah will burden him with carrying what he usurped from it 00:08:35.769 --> 00:08:37.769 on the Day of Resurrection to the place of gathering, 00:08:37.769 --> 00:08:40.769 and it will be like a collar around his neck; 00:08:40.769 --> 00:08:43.769 or he will be punished by being swallowed down into seven earths, 00:08:43.769 --> 00:08:48.769 so that all the earth in that state becomes a collar around his neck. 00:08:50.730 --> 00:08:52.730 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:08:52.730 --> 00:08:54.889 Injustice must never be taken lightly, 00:08:54.889 --> 00:08:56.889 even if it is seemingly minor. 00:08:56.889 --> 00:09:00.210 Usurping land is among the major sins. 00:09:00.210 --> 00:09:04.399 Whoever owns a piece of land owns what lies beneath it down to its depths, 00:09:04.399 --> 00:09:10.399 and he has the right to prevent anyone from digging a tunnel or a well beneath it without his consent. 00:09:10.399 --> 00:09:12.399 Likewise, he owns its interior 00:09:12.399 --> 00:09:15.399 and whatever minerals or other resources lie within it, 00:09:15.399 --> 00:09:18.399 and he may dig down as far as he wishes, 00:09:18.399 --> 00:09:21.399 provided he does not cause harm to his neighbor. 00:09:21.399 --> 00:09:25.779 The seven earths are in layers, just like the heavens, 00:09:25.779 --> 00:09:28.779 which is the evident meaning of the words of the Exalted: 00:09:28.779 --> 00:09:35.139 “Allah it is who hath created seven heavens, and of the earth the like thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly, that ye may know that Allah is Able to do all things, and that Allah surroundeth all things in knowledge.” (65:12) 00:09:35.139 --> 00:09:39.519 Warning against wronging people of their rights. 00:09:39.519 --> 00:09:45.519 Encouraging promptness in restoring rights to their owners, no matter how small. 00:09:45.519 --> 00:09:50.860 On the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 00:09:50.860 --> 00:09:54.929 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:09:54.929 --> 00:09:57.929 "Indeed, Allah grants respite to the wrongdoer, 00:09:57.929 --> 00:10:01.019 but when He seizes him, He does not let him escape." 00:10:01.019 --> 00:10:03.019 Then he recited: 00:10:03.019 --> 00:10:08.019 “Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102) 00:10:08.019 --> 00:10:11.019 “Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102) 00:10:11.019 --> 00:10:13.059 Agreed upon. 00:10:13.059 --> 00:10:17.179 "Grants respite" (yumli) comes from imla', 00:10:17.179 --> 00:10:20.340 which is forbearance and delay. 00:10:20.340 --> 00:10:21.340 "Seizes": 00:10:21.340 --> 00:10:23.500 that is, punishes. 00:10:23.500 --> 00:10:24.500 "He does not let him escape": 00:10:24.500 --> 00:10:28.500 meaning He does not release him nor lift the punishment from him. 00:10:28.500 --> 00:10:33.509 Among the lessons of the hadith: 00:10:33.509 --> 00:10:36.509 Allah grants respite to wrongdoers, but He does not neglect them, 00:10:36.509 --> 00:10:39.509 which is the evident meaning of the words of the Exalted: 00:10:39.509 --> 00:10:42.509 “Deem not that Allah is unaware of what the wicked do. He but giveth them a respite till a day when eyes will stare (in terror),” (14:42) 00:10:42.509 --> 00:10:45.830 "of what the wrongdoers do." 00:10:45.830 --> 00:10:50.830 The intelligent person does not feel secure from the plan of Allah if he commits wrong and no harm befalls him; 00:10:50.830 --> 00:10:53.830 rather, he knows that this is a gradual enticement to destruction, 00:10:53.830 --> 00:10:58.120 so he hastens to restore rights to their rightful owners. 00:10:58.120 --> 00:11:02.120 Allah gradually draws wrongdoers on so that they increase in sin, 00:11:02.120 --> 00:11:05.379 and thus He multiplies the punishment for them. 00:11:05.379 --> 00:11:08.379 The best explanation of a hadith or the Qur'an 00:11:08.379 --> 00:11:11.379 is the speech of Allah and His Messenger; 00:11:11.379 --> 00:11:15.379 and for this reason, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) recited 00:11:15.379 --> 00:11:17.379 the words of the Exalted: 00:11:17.379 --> 00:11:22.379 “Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102) 00:11:22.379 --> 00:11:26.379 “Even thus is the grasp of thy Lord when He graspeth the townships while they are doing wrong. Lo! His grasp is painful, very strong.” (11:102) 00:11:26.379 --> 00:11:31.940 On the authority of Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: 00:11:31.940 --> 00:11:35.940 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) dispatched me, 00:11:35.940 --> 00:11:36.940 He said: 00:11:36.940 --> 00:11:40.940 "You are going to a people from the People of the Book, 00:11:40.940 --> 00:11:44.940 so invite them to testify that there is no god but Allah 00:11:44.940 --> 00:11:47.940 and that I am the Messenger of Allah. 00:11:47.940 --> 00:11:51.009 If they obey you in that, 00:11:51.009 --> 00:11:54.009 then inform them that Allah has obligated upon them 00:11:54.009 --> 00:11:58.070 five prayers every day and night. 00:11:58.070 --> 00:12:01.070 If they obey you in that, 00:12:01.070 --> 00:12:05.070 then inform them that Allah has obligated upon them a charity 00:12:05.070 --> 00:12:08.070 to be taken from their rich 00:12:08.070 --> 00:12:11.070 and given back to their poor. 00:12:11.070 --> 00:12:14.070 If they obey you in that, 00:12:14.070 --> 00:12:17.070 then beware of taking the most precious of their wealth, 00:12:17.070 --> 00:12:20.070 and fear the supplication of the oppressed, 00:12:20.070 --> 00:12:24.070 for there is no veil between it and Allah." 00:12:24.070 --> 00:12:27.350 Agreed upon. 00:12:27.350 --> 00:12:30.509 "The most precious of their wealth" means their prized possessions. 00:12:30.509 --> 00:12:33.509 "Fear the supplication of the oppressed" 00:12:34.509 --> 00:12:37.509 means: lest an oppressed person invoke a curse upon you 00:12:37.509 --> 00:12:40.509 and that supplication strikes you, 00:12:40.509 --> 00:12:43.509 for it is accepted by Allah, 00:12:43.509 --> 00:12:46.830 even if he is a disbeliever or a wicked sinner. 00:12:46.830 --> 00:12:52.889 "A veil" means any barrier preventing it from reaching Allah the Exalted. 00:12:52.889 --> 00:12:56.110 Among the lessons of this hadith: 00:12:56.110 --> 00:13:00.110 The leader ought to dispatch delegations to the people 00:13:00.110 --> 00:13:03.110 to convey to them the message of Islam, 00:13:03.110 --> 00:13:06.559 which is among the greatest duties incumbent upon him. 00:13:06.559 --> 00:13:11.559 The people of knowledge are the callers whom the leader should send forth; 00:13:11.559 --> 00:13:15.559 and if the Muslims have neither a unified body nor a leader, 00:13:15.559 --> 00:13:21.559 it is incumbent upon the scholars to take the lead in calling to Allah and guiding its vessel, 00:13:21.559 --> 00:13:25.559 lest those unqualified jump on the bandwagon 00:13:25.559 --> 00:13:27.779 and cause the ship to sink. 00:13:27.779 --> 00:13:29.779 The very first thing people should be called to 00:13:29.779 --> 00:13:32.779 is the matters of faith and the unification of creed (Tawhid), 00:13:32.779 --> 00:13:35.779 because that is the axis around which the entire religion revolves. 00:13:35.779 --> 00:13:39.139 Moving from one pillar to another 00:13:39.139 --> 00:13:43.139 must only take place after fulfilling what precedes it, 00:13:43.139 --> 00:13:47.139 which underscores a foundational principle of calling to Allah: 00:13:47.139 --> 00:13:50.139 gradual progression in nurturing the Ummah 00:13:50.139 --> 00:13:53.139 and burdening it only with what it can bear. 00:13:53.139 --> 00:13:56.389 The leader should counsel his emissaries 00:13:56.389 --> 00:13:59.389 with instructions that bring about benefit, ward off harm, 00:13:59.389 --> 00:14:02.389 and inflict no injury upon the Muslims. 00:14:02.389 --> 00:14:07.779 Zakat is a right due to the poor from the wealth of the rich. 00:14:07.779 --> 00:14:13.059 The supplication of the oppressed is never rejected, whether Muslim or disbeliever; 00:14:13.059 --> 00:14:19.379 retribution arrives swiftly from the Lord of Glory, Blessed and Exalted is He. 00:14:19.379 --> 00:14:21.379 How excellently the poet expressed it: 00:14:21.379 --> 00:14:25.379 "Do not commit injustice when you have the power to do so, 00:14:25.379 --> 00:14:29.379 for the end result of injustice brings only regret. 00:14:30.379 --> 00:14:34.379 Your eyes sleep while the oppressed remains awake, 00:14:34.379 --> 00:14:38.379 praying against you, and the eye of Allah never sleeps."