WEBVTT

00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.299
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

00:00:04.299 --> 00:00:05.879
Mawaddah Association

00:00:06.139 --> 00:00:07.280
Presents:

00:00:07.759 --> 00:00:10.820
The Ten Promised Paradise

00:00:13.359 --> 00:00:15.279
Uthman ibn Affan

00:00:15.669 --> 00:00:17.609
May Allah be pleased with him.

00:00:17.609 --> 00:00:22.370
Love for the Companions and the Prophet's kin is a Sunnah established;

00:00:22.370 --> 00:00:27.289
Through it I present my faith to my Lord as long as I live.

00:00:27.289 --> 00:00:29.420
Love for the Companions and the Prophet's kin is a Sunnah established.

00:00:29.460 --> 00:00:33.140
When Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was stabbed

00:00:33.140 --> 00:00:35.799
and was close to death, it was said to him,

00:00:35.799 --> 00:00:38.719
"Appoint a successor, O Commander of the Faithful!"

00:00:38.719 --> 00:00:40.079
He said,

00:00:40.079 --> 00:00:42.979
"I do not find anyone more worthy of this matter

00:00:42.979 --> 00:00:45.380
than these six individuals

00:00:45.380 --> 00:00:49.140
with whom the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was pleased

00:00:49.140 --> 00:00:51.179
when he passed away."

00:00:51.179 --> 00:00:53.460
They were: Ali ibn Abi Talib,

00:00:53.460 --> 00:00:55.380
Uthman ibn Affan,

00:00:55.380 --> 00:00:57.420
Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam,

00:00:57.420 --> 00:00:59.619
Talhah ibn Ubayd Allah,

00:00:59.619 --> 00:01:01.700
Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas,

00:01:01.700 --> 00:01:03.859
and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf,

00:01:03.859 --> 00:01:06.829
may Allah be pleased with them all.

00:01:06.829 --> 00:01:09.590
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) instructed them

00:01:09.590 --> 00:01:11.870
to select the Caliph from among themselves

00:01:11.870 --> 00:01:14.109
within three days

00:01:14.109 --> 00:01:16.670
and not to delay beyond that.

00:01:16.670 --> 00:01:19.950
He appointed Suhayb al-Rumi (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:01:19.950 --> 00:01:22.629
to lead the people in prayer

00:01:22.629 --> 00:01:25.510
during these three days,

00:01:25.549 --> 00:01:28.230
and formed a detachment of the Ansar

00:01:28.230 --> 00:01:31.980
to maintain order and security in Medina.

00:01:31.980 --> 00:01:36.299
When the Companions finished burying Umar (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:01:36.299 --> 00:01:39.819
the group of six convened to select the Caliph.

00:01:39.819 --> 00:01:43.379
Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:01:43.379 --> 00:01:46.980
"Entrust your authority to three among you."

00:01:46.980 --> 00:01:49.700
Al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:01:49.700 --> 00:01:52.420
"I have entrusted my authority to Ali."

00:01:52.420 --> 00:01:55.180
Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:01:55.219 --> 00:01:58.019
"I have entrusted my authority to Uthman."

00:01:58.019 --> 00:02:00.659
Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:02:00.659 --> 00:02:04.359
"I have entrusted my authority to Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf."

00:02:04.359 --> 00:02:07.200
Thus, three candidates stepped down from the candidacy for the caliphate:

00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:11.280
Al-Zubayr, Talhah, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.

00:02:11.280 --> 00:02:14.000
The candidates remaining for the caliphate were

00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:17.479
Uthman, Ali, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf,

00:02:17.479 --> 00:02:20.379
may Allah be pleased with them all.

00:02:20.379 --> 00:02:24.500
Then Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) stepped down,

00:02:24.539 --> 00:02:28.979
entrusting the matter to Uthman and Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both).

00:02:28.979 --> 00:02:30.699
He said to them,

00:02:30.699 --> 00:02:33.460
"Which of you is willing to renounce his claim to this matter,

00:02:33.460 --> 00:02:35.699
so that we may assign it to his companion?"

00:02:35.699 --> 00:02:37.819
Both elders remained silent.

00:02:37.819 --> 00:02:40.860
Abd al-Rahman (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:02:40.860 --> 00:02:42.780
"Will you then entrust it to me,

00:02:42.780 --> 00:02:45.099
so that I may choose one of you?

00:02:45.099 --> 00:02:48.900
By Allah, I pledge that I will not deviate from selecting the most virtuous of you."

00:02:48.900 --> 00:02:50.620
They replied, "Yes."

00:02:50.659 --> 00:02:54.740
He then took Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) by the hand and said to him,

00:02:54.740 --> 00:02:59.340
"You possess close kinship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:02:59.340 --> 00:03:01.939
and precedence in Islam.

00:03:01.939 --> 00:03:03.659
I adjure you by Allah:

00:03:03.659 --> 00:03:06.379
if I appoint you, will you act with justice?

00:03:06.379 --> 00:03:09.139
And if I appoint Uthman ibn Affan,

00:03:09.139 --> 00:03:11.900
will you listen and obey?"

00:03:11.900 --> 00:03:15.460
Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, "Yes."

00:03:15.460 --> 00:03:17.180
Then he met privately with Uthman

00:03:17.180 --> 00:03:19.539
and said the same to him,

00:03:19.580 --> 00:03:23.379
to which Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, "Yes."

00:03:23.379 --> 00:03:26.219
Once he had taken this pledge from them,

00:03:26.219 --> 00:03:28.780
he gathered the people and said,

00:03:28.780 --> 00:03:31.139
"Extend your hand, O Uthman."

00:03:31.139 --> 00:03:32.620
So he pledged allegiance to him,

00:03:32.620 --> 00:03:35.819
followed by Ali (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:03:35.819 --> 00:03:39.979
and then the rest of the people followed in giving him their pledge of allegiance.

00:03:39.979 --> 00:03:43.500
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was sworn in as Caliph

00:03:43.500 --> 00:03:46.099
on Saturday, the first day of Muharram,

00:03:46.099 --> 00:03:49.139
in the twenty-fourth year after the Hijrah.

00:03:49.180 --> 00:03:54.020
His caliphate lasted twelve years minus a few nights,

00:03:54.020 --> 00:03:57.979
and it was among the most distinguished eras of the Rightly Guided Caliphate.

00:03:57.979 --> 00:04:00.500
During his reign (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:04:00.500 --> 00:04:04.259
the domain of Islam expanded immensely,

00:04:04.259 --> 00:04:09.060
and conquests reached lands never attained before.

00:04:09.060 --> 00:04:12.139
Prosperity, peace, and security prevailed,

00:04:12.139 --> 00:04:13.860
urban development flourished,

00:04:13.860 --> 00:04:15.699
financial stipends increased,

00:04:15.699 --> 00:04:17.930
and prices dropped.

00:04:17.970 --> 00:04:22.810
He (may Allah be pleased with him) used to ask the people about their news and conditions

00:04:22.810 --> 00:04:25.959
and closely attended to their affairs.

00:04:25.959 --> 00:04:28.959
In the twenty-sixth year after the Hijrah,

00:04:28.959 --> 00:04:32.120
Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) noticed

00:04:32.120 --> 00:04:35.399
the overcrowding of worshippers in the Sacred Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Haram).

00:04:35.399 --> 00:04:38.879
Consequently, he demolished the houses surrounding the mosque

00:04:38.879 --> 00:04:42.040
after compensating their owners,

00:04:42.040 --> 00:04:44.720
and incorporated them into the Sacred Mosque.

00:04:44.720 --> 00:04:47.680
He was the first to introduce roofed porticoes

00:04:47.680 --> 00:04:51.759
and marble columns to the Sacred Mosque.

00:04:51.759 --> 00:04:54.759
He did the same with the Prophet's Mosque,

00:04:54.759 --> 00:04:57.839
which had remained in its original structure—

00:04:57.839 --> 00:04:59.839
built of mud bricks and palm fronds,

00:04:59.839 --> 00:05:02.319
with wooden pillars.

00:05:02.319 --> 00:05:05.279
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) renovated it,

00:05:05.279 --> 00:05:08.279
expanding it significantly.

00:05:08.279 --> 00:05:12.639
He built its walls with carved stones and plaster,

00:05:12.639 --> 00:05:16.240
crafted its pillars from decorated stones,

00:05:16.240 --> 00:05:18.360
and roofed it with teak wood,

00:05:18.360 --> 00:05:22.069
which was imported from India.

00:05:22.069 --> 00:05:25.389
Among the monumental and enduring achievements of the Commander of the Faithful, Uthman

00:05:25.389 --> 00:05:27.750
(may Allah be pleased with him),

00:05:27.750 --> 00:05:30.629
was his compilation of the Noble Qur'an.

00:05:30.629 --> 00:05:32.470
The background of this event was that

00:05:32.470 --> 00:05:36.910
when Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman (may Allah be pleased with him) returned

00:05:36.910 --> 00:05:40.589
from the fields of jihad and the territories of conquest,

00:05:40.629 --> 00:05:44.829
he was alarmed by the discrepancies among the people in reciting the Qur'an.

00:05:44.829 --> 00:05:49.269
He went to Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) and said,

00:05:49.269 --> 00:05:51.310
"O Commander of the Faithful!

00:05:51.310 --> 00:05:55.350
Save this Ummah before they differ regarding the Scripture,

00:05:55.350 --> 00:05:58.389
as the Jews and Christians differed."

00:05:58.389 --> 00:06:00.509
So Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) sent word

00:06:00.509 --> 00:06:04.189
to the Mother of the Believers, Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her), saying,

00:06:04.189 --> 00:06:06.750
"Send us the manuscripts so that

00:06:06.790 --> 00:06:10.829
we may transcribe them into master copies and then return them to you."

00:06:10.829 --> 00:06:15.189
Hafsah sent them to Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both).

00:06:15.189 --> 00:06:18.589
He then commissioned Zayd ibn Thabit,

00:06:18.589 --> 00:06:20.629
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr,

00:06:20.629 --> 00:06:22.470
Sa'id ibn al-As,

00:06:22.470 --> 00:06:25.430
and Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Hisham

00:06:25.430 --> 00:06:27.550
(may Allah be pleased with them) to transcribe them.

00:06:27.550 --> 00:06:30.250
They transcribed them into master copies (Mus-hafs).

00:06:30.250 --> 00:06:35.050
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the three Qurayshi men,

00:06:35.089 --> 00:06:39.930
"If you and Zayd ibn Thabit disagree on anything in the Qur'an,

00:06:39.930 --> 00:06:42.569
write it in the dialect of Quraysh,

00:06:42.569 --> 00:06:45.329
for it was revealed in their tongue."

00:06:45.329 --> 00:06:46.610
They did so,

00:06:46.610 --> 00:06:49.810
and when they had completed transcribing the manuscripts into master copies,

00:06:49.810 --> 00:06:55.370
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) returned the original manuscripts to Hafsah (may Allah be pleased with her).

00:06:55.370 --> 00:07:01.209
He dispatched a copy of the transcribed Qur'an to every province of the Islamic world,

00:07:01.209 --> 00:07:07.569
and ordered that any other Qur'anic text, whether on a sheet or in a manuscript, be burned.

00:07:07.569 --> 00:07:09.810
Imam al-Qurtubi said:

00:07:09.810 --> 00:07:12.889
"This action by Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:07:12.889 --> 00:07:17.769
came after he gathered the Muhajirun, the Ansar, and the prominent scholars of Islam

00:07:17.769 --> 00:07:20.009
and consulted them regarding the matter.

00:07:20.009 --> 00:07:28.170
They agreed to compile it according to the authentic, established recitations famous from the Prophet (peace be upon him),

00:07:28.170 --> 00:07:30.370
and to discard everything else.

00:07:30.410 --> 00:07:32.250
They deemed his decision sound,

00:07:32.250 --> 00:07:35.209
and it was indeed a wise and guided choice—

00:07:35.209 --> 00:07:39.589
may Allah have mercy upon him and upon them all."

00:07:39.589 --> 00:07:43.949
The Commander of the Faithful, Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:07:43.949 --> 00:07:46.430
was deeply solicitous toward the Muslims,

00:07:46.430 --> 00:07:48.310
sincere in giving them counsel,

00:07:48.310 --> 00:07:52.069
and spared no effort in guiding and benefiting them.

00:07:52.069 --> 00:07:53.509
An example of this is

00:07:53.509 --> 00:07:56.550
that he once called for water to perform ablution.

00:07:56.550 --> 00:07:57.910
He performed ablution,

00:07:57.910 --> 00:08:00.589
washing his palms three times,

00:08:00.589 --> 00:08:02.790
then rinsing his mouth and sniffing water into his nose and blowing it out.

00:08:02.790 --> 00:08:05.910
He then washed his face three times,

00:08:05.910 --> 00:08:10.029
then washed his right arm up to the elbow three times,

00:08:10.029 --> 00:08:13.069
then washed his left arm likewise.

00:08:13.069 --> 00:08:14.990
He then wiped over his head,

00:08:14.990 --> 00:08:19.389
then washed his right foot up to the ankles three times,

00:08:19.389 --> 00:08:22.110
then washed his left foot likewise.

00:08:22.110 --> 00:08:23.629
He then said,

00:08:23.629 --> 00:08:29.750
"I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) perform ablution like this ablution of mine."

00:08:29.750 --> 00:08:31.350
He then added,

00:08:31.350 --> 00:08:34.429
"Whoever performs ablution similar to this ablution of mine,

00:08:34.429 --> 00:08:36.990
and then stands and prays two units of prayer

00:08:36.990 --> 00:08:39.629
without allowing his mind to wander,

00:08:39.629 --> 00:08:43.250
his past sins will be forgiven."

00:08:43.250 --> 00:08:47.250
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people one day,

00:08:47.250 --> 00:08:48.730
saying to them:

00:08:48.730 --> 00:08:50.250
"O people!

00:08:50.250 --> 00:08:51.850
Shun intoxicants,

00:08:51.850 --> 00:08:54.409
for they are the root of all evils.

00:08:54.409 --> 00:08:58.769
There was a devout man among those who came before you.

00:08:58.809 --> 00:09:01.450
A seductive woman fell in love with him,

00:09:01.450 --> 00:09:04.129
so she sent her maidservant to him,

00:09:04.129 --> 00:09:05.570
who said to him,

00:09:05.570 --> 00:09:08.090
'We invite you to bear witness.'

00:09:08.090 --> 00:09:10.490
So he went with her maidservant.

00:09:10.490 --> 00:09:14.690
As he passed through each door, she locked it behind him,

00:09:14.690 --> 00:09:17.929
until he reached a beautiful woman

00:09:17.929 --> 00:09:19.409
sitting with a young boy

00:09:19.409 --> 00:09:21.769
and a vessel containing wine.

00:09:21.769 --> 00:09:23.049
She said,

00:09:23.049 --> 00:09:26.330
'By Allah, I did not call you to bear witness;

00:09:26.370 --> 00:09:29.289
rather, I called you so that you might commit adultery with me,

00:09:29.289 --> 00:09:32.490
or drink a cup of this wine,

00:09:32.490 --> 00:09:35.009
or kill this boy.'

00:09:35.009 --> 00:09:38.169
The worshipper considered his options and thought,

00:09:38.169 --> 00:09:40.210
'The least harmful of the three options

00:09:40.210 --> 00:09:41.730
is drinking wine.'

00:09:41.730 --> 00:09:43.169
So he said to her,

00:09:43.169 --> 00:09:46.129
'Pour me a cup of this wine.'

00:09:46.129 --> 00:09:48.049
She poured him a cup,

00:09:48.049 --> 00:09:50.289
and he then said, 'Give me more!'

00:09:50.289 --> 00:09:55.720
He did not leave his spot until he committed adultery with her and killed the boy.

00:09:55.759 --> 00:09:57.440
"So avoid wine,

00:09:57.440 --> 00:10:02.879
for by Allah, faith and habitual wine drinking can never coexist in a servant's heart

00:10:02.879 --> 00:10:06.980
without one almost expelling the other."

00:10:06.980 --> 00:10:09.740
'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was never

00:10:09.740 --> 00:10:13.899
too proud to return to the truth once it became clear to him,

00:10:13.899 --> 00:10:16.419
for the truth is most deserving of being followed,

00:10:16.419 --> 00:10:18.580
regardless of his personal standing

00:10:18.580 --> 00:10:21.490
or his position as the Commander of the Faithful.

00:10:21.490 --> 00:10:25.450
A woman who had given birth after six months of marriage was brought before him,

00:10:25.450 --> 00:10:27.970
so 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said,

00:10:27.970 --> 00:10:31.250
"I see no reason for her giving birth so soon except that she has committed an evil act,"

00:10:31.250 --> 00:10:33.730
and he ordered that she be stoned.

00:10:33.730 --> 00:10:38.610
Then 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) entered upon him and said,

00:10:38.610 --> 00:10:41.450
"What is this, O Commander of the Faithful?"

00:10:41.450 --> 00:10:42.929
'Uthman replied,

00:10:42.929 --> 00:10:44.330
"What do you mean?

00:10:44.330 --> 00:10:47.529
She gave birth after only six months!"

00:10:47.529 --> 00:10:48.929
'Ali said,

00:10:48.929 --> 00:10:51.289
"Has Allah Almighty not said, 'And the bearing of him and the weaning of him is thirty months,'

00:10:51.289 --> 00:10:55.090
“And We have commended unto man kindness toward parents. His mother beareth him with reluctance, and bringeth him forth with reluctance, and the bearing of him and the weaning of him is thirty months, till, when he attaineth full strength and reacheth forty years, he saith: My Lord! Arouse me that I may give thanks for the favour wherewith Thou hast favoured me and my parents, and that I may do right acceptable unto Thee. And be gracious unto me in the matter of my seed. Lo! I have turned unto Thee repentant, and lo! I am of those who surrender (unto Thee).” (46:15)

00:10:55.090 --> 00:10:58.730
and said, 'And his weaning is in two years'?

00:10:58.730 --> 00:11:01.610
So if nursing takes two full years,

00:11:01.610 --> 00:11:04.370
the period of pregnancy can be six months."

00:11:04.370 --> 00:11:08.450
'Uthman submitted to 'Ali's reasoning (may Allah be pleased with them both)

00:11:08.450 --> 00:11:11.690
and retracted the order to stone her.

00:11:11.690 --> 00:11:14.850
During the caliphate of 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:11:14.850 --> 00:11:16.970
conquests expanded far and wide,

00:11:16.970 --> 00:11:23.169
and the Islamic realm extended to the farthest reaches of the east and west.

00:11:23.169 --> 00:11:26.049
Al-Andalus and Cyprus were conquered,

00:11:26.049 --> 00:11:28.169
as well as the region of Qayrawan;

00:11:28.169 --> 00:11:32.330
Al-Mada'in, Al-Ahwaz, and Khurasan were also liberated.

00:11:32.330 --> 00:11:33.889
Chosroes was slain,

00:11:33.889 --> 00:11:36.649
and his kingdom was completely erased.

00:11:36.649 --> 00:11:42.559
Tribute and revenues were gathered from all across the earth to the treasury of the Muslims.

00:11:42.559 --> 00:11:45.639
In the twenty-eighth year of the Hijrah,

00:11:45.639 --> 00:11:50.159
the Commander of the Faithful, 'Uthman ibn 'Affan (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:11:50.159 --> 00:11:54.000
ordered the construction of the first naval fleet in Islam.

00:11:54.000 --> 00:12:00.519
This came after persistent efforts by Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) to convince him.

00:12:00.519 --> 00:12:03.399
'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) eventually agreed,

00:12:03.399 --> 00:12:08.559
but stipulated that no Muslim be forced to fight at sea,

00:12:08.559 --> 00:12:11.919
saying to him, "Do not draft anyone;

00:12:11.919 --> 00:12:16.159
rather, whoever willingly chooses naval warfare, assist him."

00:12:16.159 --> 00:12:19.440
And Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) complied.

00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:24.399
This was out of 'Uthman's deep concern for the safety of the Muslims at sea

00:12:24.399 --> 00:12:27.289
and his careful compassion toward them.

00:12:27.289 --> 00:12:30.090
In the next episode, Allah willing,

00:12:30.090 --> 00:12:35.730
we will learn about the turmoil that erupted during the final days of 'Uthman's caliphate

00:12:35.730 --> 00:12:42.019
and the circumstances of his martyrdom (may Allah be pleased with him and grant him contentment).

00:12:42.019 --> 00:12:46.740
To the Chosen One, they are the finest Companions—

00:12:46.740 --> 00:12:50.860
explicit text confirms their exalted rank;

00:12:50.899 --> 00:12:57.980
in the Eternal Paradise, two explicit texts increase their honor:

00:12:57.980 --> 00:13:06.779
Talhah, Ibn 'Auf, Al-Zubayr, along with

00:13:06.779 --> 00:13:14.299
Abu 'Ubaydah, the two Sa'ds, and the Rightly-Guided Caliphs.