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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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The Expulsion of Banu Qurayzah.

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Jibril, peace be upon him, came

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to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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and asked, "Have you laid down your weapons?"

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He replied, "Yes." Jibril said,

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"As for us, we have not laid down our weapons yet.

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Advance against these people;

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Allah commands you to do so."

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So the Prophet (peace be upon him) set forth,

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commanded the people, and said,

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"None of you should pray 'Asr

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except at Banu Qurayzah."

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The Muslims set out in prompt obedience

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to the command of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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toward Banu Qurayzah,

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hastening their pace.

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He gave the standard to 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib,

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appointed Ibn Umm Maktum in charge of Madinah,

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and advanced until he halted at the fortresses of

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Banu Qurayzah,

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besieging them for twenty-five nights.

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Their chieftain, Ka'b Ibn Asad, made proposals to them,

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saying,

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"Either you embrace Islam

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and join Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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in his religion;

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or you kill your children

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and go out to fight until you are all slain

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to the very last man;

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or you launch a surprise attack on the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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and his Companions on the Sabbath,

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when the Muslims feel secure from your harm."

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But they rejected all of them.

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Thereupon he said to them,

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"By Allah, you are like donkeys,

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accepting nothing at all!"

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At that point, one of them stepped forward and said,

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"O Messenger of Allah,

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we surrender to the judgment of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh."

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This was because 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

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as mentioned earlier,

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had interceded for Banu Qaynuqa',

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and the Prophet (peace be upon him) had spared them for his sake.

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So these people sought the arbitration of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh

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because he had been their ally in the pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah).

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They said, "Perhaps he will defend us

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just as 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul defended

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Banu Qaynuqa'."

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Yet they did not realize the vast difference between 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

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the arch-hypocrite,

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and Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,

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who was among the foremost of the righteous, may Allah be pleased with him.

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So they said, "We submit to the judgment of Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,

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just as our brethren submitted to the judgment of 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul."

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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered

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that Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh be brought.

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He had been wounded in his medial arm vein, may Allah be pleased with him.

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When he arrived,

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the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

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"Stand up for your chieftain,"

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meaning Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him),

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"and help him down from the donkey he has arrived upon."

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Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

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"Pass judgment upon your allies."

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So they began clamoring to him,

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"Be benevolent, O Abu 'Amr, toward your allies,

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just as others showed benevolence!"

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Thereupon Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh said,

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"The time has come for Sa'd not to fear, for the sake of Allah, the blame of any blamer."

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He then said,

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"My judgment concerning them is

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that their fighting men be executed,

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and their women and children be taken as captives."

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

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"You have judged concerning them with the judgment of Allah."

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So the Prophet (peace be upon him) commanded

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the execution of their combatant men

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and the taking of their women and children as captives.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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The Expedition of Banu al-Mustaliq,

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in the sixth year of the Hijrah,

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also known as the Expedition of al-Muraysi'.

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It took place in the sixth year,

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though it is also said to have occurred at the end of the fourth year of the Hijrah.

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The cause of this expedition was

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that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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received word that the chieftain of Banu al-Mustaliq,

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al-Harith Ibn Abi Dirar,

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had rallied his people and whichever Arabs he could gather,

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intending to wage war against the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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So the Prophet (peace be upon him) dispatched

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Buraydah Ibn al-Husayb

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to verify the matter.

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He went to them, met al-Harith Ibn Abi Dirar,

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and spoke with him,

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then returned to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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informing him that they indeed intended to fight him.

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Once the Prophet (peace be upon him) had verified

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the truth of the report,

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he rallied the Companions and ordered them to march forth.

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A group of hypocrites also marched out with him,

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because the hypocrites outwardly displayed Islam

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while concealing disbelief.

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When al-Harith Ibn Abi Dirar heard

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of the departure of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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he was gripped by severe fear,

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and the Arabs who were with him dispersed.

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When the Prophet (peace be upon him) reached

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al-Muraysi',

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which was a watering hole belonging to Khuza'ah,

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the banner of the Muhajirun was with Abu Bakr as-Siddiq,

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and the banner of the Ansar was with Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah.

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Ibn al-Qayyim, may Allah have mercy on him, said

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that no actual battle took place between them;

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rather, the Prophet (peace be upon him) launched a surprise raid on them at the water

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after most of their combatants had fled,

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taking their offspring captive and seizing their wealth.

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As recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari:

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"The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, raided Banu al-Mustaliq

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while they were heedless."

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Among the captives taken during this expedition was

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Juwayriyah bint al-Harith,

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the daughter of the chieftain of his people.

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She fell to the share of Thabit Ibn Qays,

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who entered into a contract of manumission (mukatabah) with her.

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Mukatabah means that he says to her,

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"You shall have your freedom provided that you pay me an amount of money,"

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such as one hundred or two hundred dinars,

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according to whatever terms they mutually agreed upon.

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When the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, heard of that,

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he paid the contract amount on her behalf

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and then married her, peace be upon him, as a free woman.

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When the Muslims heard that the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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had married Juwayriyah,

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they emancipated all the captives and offspring of Banu Khuza'ah in their possession,

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saying,

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"They are the in-laws of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him."

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Two notable incidents involving the arch-hypocrite,

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'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

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occurred during that expedition.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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“They say: Surely, if we return to Al-Madinah the mightier will soon drive out the weaker; when might belongeth to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not.” (63:8)

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'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, had a hired worker

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named Jahjah al-Ghifari.

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Jahjah jostled with Sinan Ibn Wabr al-Juhani at the water,

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and they began to fight.

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The Juhani shouted,

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"O people of the Ansar!"

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while Jahjah shouted,

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"O people of the Muhajirun!"

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Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said,

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"Do you invoke the slogans of Jahiliyyah while I am still among you?

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Leave it, for it is foul and rotten!"

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When 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul heard of this,

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he said,

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"Have they actually done it?

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They rival us and outnumber us in our own land!

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By Allah, the case between us and them

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is just as the ancient saying goes:

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'Fatten your dog and it will devour you!'

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By Allah, if we return to Madinah,

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“They say: Surely, if we return to Al-Madinah the mightier will soon drive out the weaker; when might belongeth to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not.” (63:8)

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Then he turned to those present with him and said to them,

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"This is what you have brought upon yourselves!

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You settled them in your land

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and shared your wealth with them.

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By Allah, had you withheld from them what is in your hands,

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they would have moved to a land other than yours!"

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Zayd Ibn Arqam, may Allah be pleased with him, overheard these words,

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and he was only a young boy.

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So he went to his uncle and informed him,

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and his uncle informed the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, was present with him,

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so 'Umar said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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command 'Abbad Ibn Bishr to execute him!"

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But the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied,

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"How will it be, O 'Umar,

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if people say that Muhammad kills his own companions?"

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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, remained silent.

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When the people set out on the march,

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Usayd Ibn Hudayr, may Allah be pleased with him, came to him,

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and the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to him,

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"Have you not heard what your companion said?"

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He asked, "And what did he say?"

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied,

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"He claims that if he returns to Madinah,

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“They say: Surely, if we return to Al-Madinah the mightier will soon drive out the weaker; when might belongeth to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not.” (63:8)

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Thereupon Usayd Ibn Hudayr said,

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"Then you, O Messenger of Allah, can drive him out of it if you wish!

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He, by Allah, is the humiliated one,

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and you, by Allah, are the mighty one."

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Then he said, "O Messenger of Allah,

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be gentle with him. By Allah, Allah brought you to us

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when his people were already stringing beads

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to crown him king, so he feels

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that you have stripped him of his kingdom."

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, then kept marching

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with the people until morning came,

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and continued until the scorching sun began to trouble them.

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Then the people halted and fell fast asleep,

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for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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did not want them to talk about this matter,

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so he marched them until they were exhausted,

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so that when they finally arrived, they immediately slept.

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As for 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy,

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he learned that Zayd had informed the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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about what had happened,

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so he came to the Messenger of Allah, swore an oath, and said:

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"By Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I never said that;

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rather, Zayd lied about me."

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And those present from among the Ansar said:

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"O Messenger of Allah, perhaps

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the boy was mistaken in what he related,

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and did not accurately recall what the man said." And so he was believed.

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Zayd ibn Arqam said:

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"I was struck with grief such as I had never experienced before,"

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because he was accused of lying or misunderstanding.

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He said: "So I stayed in my home

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out of sorrow." Then Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, revealed:

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"When the hypocrites come to you,

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they say..."

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“When the hypocrites come unto thee (O Muhammad), they say: We bear witness that thou art indeed Allah's messenger. And Allah knoweth that thou art indeed His messenger, and Allah beareth witness that the hypocrites indeed are speaking falsely.” (63:1)

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"...and Allah knows that you are indeed

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His Messenger, and Allah bears witness

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that the hypocrites are indeed liars,"

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up to His words, Exalted is He:

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"They are the ones who say..."

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“They it is who say: Spend not on behalf of those (who dwell) with Allah's messenger that they may disperse (and go away from you); when Allah's are the treasures of the heavens and the earth; but the hypocrites comprehend not.” (63:7)

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“They it is who say: Spend not on behalf of those (who dwell) with Allah's messenger that they may disperse (and go away from you); when Allah's are the treasures of the heavens and the earth; but the hypocrites comprehend not.” (63:7)

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"...and to Allah belong the treasuries

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of the heavens and the earth,

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but the hypocrites

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do not understand."

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"They say, 'If we return to Medina,

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the more honorable will surely expel the humbler from it.'"

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"Yet to Allah belongs all honor,

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and to His Messenger,

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and to the believers,

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but the hypocrites

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do not know."

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Here, Allah, Blessed and Exalted, made it clear

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that Zayd had not lied, may Allah be pleased with him;

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rather, he had spoken the truth in what he reported,

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and 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul

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was a liar in his claim.

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So the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent

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for Zayd, recited it to him,

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and then said to him: "Indeed, Allah

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has vindicated you." And 'Abdullah,

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the son of 'Abdullah ibn Ubayy ibn Salul,

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was a righteous man from among the Companions of the Prophet,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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He stood up to his father

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upon his entry into Medina

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and said to him: "Are you the one who says,

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'If we return to Medina, the more honorable will surely expel

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the humbler from it,'

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intending the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him?

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By Allah, the Messenger of Allah is indeed the honorable one,

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and you are the humblest!"

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Thus the zeal for faith surpassed the bond of kinship.

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Then he said: "By Allah, you shall not enter Medina

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unless I kill you,

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or the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, permits you."

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At that point, the Prophet,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, ordered him to let him pass,

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and he entered Medina.

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In another narration, he came to

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the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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and said: "O Messenger of Allah,

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I know that my father said such-and-such,

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so if you intend to kill him,

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let me be the one to kill him;

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for I fear that if I see my father's killer,

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I will not be able to restrain myself."