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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel bin Salem Al-Shammari.

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Surah Al-Hajj.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“Lo! Allah defendeth those who are true. Lo! Allah loveth not each treacherous ingrate.” (22:38)

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Indeed, Allah does not love any ungrateful betrayer.

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“Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed Able to give them victory;” (22:39)

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“Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed Able to give them victory;” (22:39)

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Allah has permitted those who fight the polytheists to do so in His cause.

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Because the polytheists wronged them by fighting them.

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And indeed, Allah is capable of aiding those who fight in His cause.

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He has already aided them, honored them, and elevated them.

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He destroyed their enemy and humiliated them by their hands.

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“Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -” (22:40)

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“Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -” (22:40)

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And if Allah had not repelled some people by means of others,

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then cloisters, and churches,

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and cloisters, and churches,

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and synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned, would have been demolished.

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“Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -” (22:40)

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“Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -” (22:40)

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Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted.

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Permission is given to those who fight.

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“Those who have been driven from their homes unjustly only because they said: Our Lord is Allah - For had it not been for Allah's repelling some men by means of others, cloisters and churches and oratories and mosques, wherein the name of Allah is oft mentioned, would assuredly have been pulled down. Verily Allah helpeth one who helpeth Him. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty -” (22:40)

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They were not driven out of their homes except because they said,

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"Our Lord is Allah." There is no partner with Him.

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And if Allah had not repelled mankind by means of mankind,

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and He had restrained the polytheists through the Muslims,

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like a ruler who restrains his subjects,

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from wronging each other,

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then they would have wronged each other.

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Then the conquerors would have demolished the monks' cloisters,

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and the Christians' churches,

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and the Jews' synagogues,

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and the Muslims' mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned.

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And Allah will surely aid those who fight in His cause.

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Indeed, Allah is Powerful to aid those who strive in His cause.

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He is impregnable in His dominion,

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no one can overcome Him, nor can anyone defeat Him.

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“Those who, if We give them power in the land, establish worship and pay the poor-due and enjoin kindness and forbid iniquity. And Allah's is the sequel of events.” (22:41)

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“Those who, if We give them power in the land, establish worship and pay the poor-due and enjoin kindness and forbid iniquity. And Allah's is the sequel of events.” (22:41)

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“Those who, if We give them power in the land, establish worship and pay the poor-due and enjoin kindness and forbid iniquity. And Allah's is the sequel of events.” (22:41)

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And to Allah belong the consequences of all matters.

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“Sanction is given unto those who fight because they have been wronged; and Allah is indeed Able to give them victory;” (22:39)

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Those who, if We establish them in the land,

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then they defeat the polytheists and overcome them,

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establish the prayer in its prescribed manner,

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and give the zakat of their wealth,

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and call people to the oneness of Allah and to act in obedience to Him,

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and forbid associating partners with Allah.

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And to Allah belong the final matters of creation.

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To Him is their return for reward and punishment in the Hereafter.

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“If they deny thee (Muhammad), even so the folk of Noah, and (the tribes of) A'ad and Thamud, before thee, denied (Our messengers);” (22:42)

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The people of Noah, and 'Ad, and Thamud,

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“And the folk of Abraham and the folk of Lot;” (22:43)

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and the people of Midian,

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and Moses was denied.

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“(And) the dwellers in Midian. And Moses was denied; but I indulged the disbelievers a long while, then I seized them, and how (terrible) was My abhorrence!” (22:44)

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Then how was My denunciation?

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And if these polytheists deny you, O Muhammad,

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then the people of Noah, and 'Ad, and Thamud denied before them,

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and the people of Abraham, and the people of Lot, and the people of Shu'ayb.

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All of these denied their messengers,

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and Moses was denied.

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So I gave respite to the disbelievers among these nations,

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and did not hasten their punishment and torment.

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Then I seized them with punishment.

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So look, O Muhammad, how My change was upon them from their state of blessing,

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and My displeasure with them from My previous kindness towards them.

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“How many a township have We destroyed while it was sinful, so that it lieth (to this day) in ruins, and (how many) a deserted well and lofty tower!” (22:45)

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“How many a township have We destroyed while it was sinful, so that it lieth (to this day) in ruins, and (how many) a deserted well and lofty tower!” (22:45)

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“How many a township have We destroyed while it was sinful, so that it lieth (to this day) in ruins, and (how many) a deserted well and lofty tower!” (22:45)

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“How many a township have We destroyed while it was sinful, so that it lieth (to this day) in ruins, and (how many) a deserted well and lofty tower!” (22:45)

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And how many a town We destroyed its people,

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while they worshipped other than He who should be worshipped.

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So its people perished,

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and it became ruined and collapsed upon its buildings and roofs.

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And many a well We rendered useless by the annihilation of its people and the destruction of its visitors,

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so it became buried and abandoned.

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And many a palace emptied of its inhabitants after their destruction.

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“Have they not travelled in the land, and have they hearts wherewith to feel and ears wherewith to hear? For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow blind.” (22:46)

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“Have they not travelled in the land, and have they hearts wherewith to feel and ears wherewith to hear? For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow blind.” (22:46)

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“Have they not travelled in the land, and have they hearts wherewith to feel and ears wherewith to hear? For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow blind.” (22:46)

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“Have they not travelled in the land, and have they hearts wherewith to feel and ears wherewith to hear? For indeed it is not the eyes that grow blind, but it is the hearts, which are within the bosoms, that grow blind.” (22:46)

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Have these deniers of Allah's signs not traveled through the land,

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and observed the fate of those who denied the messengers of Allah?

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So they would reflect upon it and take heed from it,

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and have, upon their contemplation, hearts with which they understand Allah's proofs against His creation,

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or ears that listen to hear the truth,

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so they comprehend it and distinguish it from falsehood.

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For indeed, it is not their eyes that are blinded,

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but it is their hearts which are in their breasts that are blinded to seeing the truth and knowing it.

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“And they will bid thee hasten on the Doom, and Allah faileth not His promise, but lo! a Day with Allah is as a thousand years of what ye reckon.” (22:47)

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“And they will bid thee hasten on the Doom, and Allah faileth not His promise, but lo! a Day with Allah is as a thousand years of what ye reckon.” (22:47)

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And your people who associate partners with Allah hasten you, O Muhammad, for the punishment of Allah.

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And Allah will never fail His promise, which He promised you.

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And indeed, a day with Allah is like a thousand years of your counting.

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One day is like a thousand years by your count.

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And that is not far with Him.

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And it is far with you.

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Therefore, He does not hasten the punishment of whomever He intends to punish,

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until its appointed term is reached.

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“And how many a township did I suffer long though it was sinful! Then I grasped it. Unto Me is the return.” (22:48)

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“And how many a township did I suffer long though it was sinful! Then I grasped it. Unto Me is the return.” (22:48)

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And how many a town We gave respite to, and delayed their punishment,

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while they associated partners with Allah.

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So I did not hasten their punishment.

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Then I seized it with punishment.

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So I punished it in this world.

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And to Me is their return also after their destruction.

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Then they will receive a punishment then that has no end.

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“Say: O mankind! I am only a plain warner unto you.” (22:49)

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Those who believed and did righteous deeds will have forgiveness and a noble provision.

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“While those who strive to thwart Our revelations, such are rightful owners of the Fire.” (22:51)

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Say, O Muhammad, to your polytheistic people:

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"O mankind, I am only a warner to you of Allah's punishment that may descend upon you in this world,

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and His punishment in the Hereafter."

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I make clear to you this warning and manifest it.

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So those among you who believed in Allah and His Messenger and did righteous deeds,

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for them is Allah's covering of their sins,

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and a good provision in Paradise.

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And those who strove against Our signs,

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and turned away from following Our Messenger,

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and overpowered Allah's Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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thinking that they could frustrate Him and overcome Him.

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And Allah has guaranteed His victory over them.

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And that was their frustrating of Allah.

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These are the ones whose description is such.

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They are the inhabitants of Hellfire on the Day of Resurrection, and its people.

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“Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;” (22:52)

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“Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;” (22:52)

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“Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;” (22:52)

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“Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;” (22:52)

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And We did not send before you any messenger or prophet except that when he recited the Book of Allah and read, or narrated and spoke,

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Satan cast into the Book of Allah which he recited and read, or into his narration which he narrated and spoke,

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then Allah removes what Satan casts from that upon the tongue of His prophet and invalidates it.

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Then Allah purifies the verses of His Book from the falsehood that Satan cast upon the tongue of His prophet.

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And Allah is Knowing of whatever occurs among His creation, nothing of which is hidden from Him.

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He is Wise in His management of them and His disposal of them as He wills and desires.

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“That He may make that which the devil proposeth a temptation for those in whose hearts is a disease, and those whose hearts are hardened - Lo! the evil-doers are in open schism -” (22:53)

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And indeed, the wrongdoers are in a far-off error.

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“Never sent We a messenger or a prophet before thee but when He recited (the message) Satan proposed (opposition) in respect of that which he recited thereof. But Allah abolisheth that which Satan proposeth. Then Allah establisheth His revelations. Allah is Knower, Wise;” (22:52)

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So that what Satan casts into the prophet's recitation of falsehood

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may be a test for those in whose hearts is disease, [i.e., hypocrisy],

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and for those whose hearts have become hardened against belief in Allah.

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And indeed, your people who associate partners with Allah, O Muhammad, are in opposition to Allah's command, far from the truth.

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“And that those who have been given knowledge may know that it is the truth from thy Lord, so that they may believe therein and their hearts may submit humbly unto Him. Lo! Allah verily is guiding those who believe unto a right path.” (22:54)

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So that their hearts may become firm for him, and indeed, Allah is the guide of those who believe to a straight path.

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And so that the people of knowledge of Allah may know,

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that what Allah has revealed of His signs and perfected,

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and abrogated what Satan cast into it,

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is the truth from your Lord, O Muhammad.

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So they believe in it, and their hearts submit to the Qur'an.

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And indeed, Allah is the guide of those who believe in Allah and His Messenger to the direct, clear truth.

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by abrogating what Satan cast into the Messenger's recitation.

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So the scheming of Satan will not harm them.

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“And those who disbelieve will not cease to be in doubt thereof until the Hour come upon them unawares, or there come unto them the doom of a disastrous day.” (22:55)

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And those who disbelieve in Allah remain in doubt about the Qur'an,

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until the Hour comes upon them suddenly, and they will become recipients of perpetual punishment.

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Or there comes to them the punishment of a devastating day.

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They will not look forward to the night.

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But they will be killed before evening.

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“The Sovereignty on that day will be Allah's, He will judge between them. Then those who believed and did good works will be in Gardens of Delight,” (22:56)

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“The Sovereignty on that day will be Allah's, He will judge between them. Then those who believed and did good works will be in Gardens of Delight,” (22:56)

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And those who disbelieved and denied Our signs,

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“While those who disbelieved and denied Our revelations, for them will be a shameful doom.” (22:57)

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Sovereignty and dominion, on that Day, belong to Allah alone, with no partner.

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He will judge between His creation, those who associate partners with Him and the believers.

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So those who believed in this Qur'an

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and acted upon what is in it, its lawful and unlawful matters,

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will be in gardens of delight on that Day.

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And those who disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger,

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and denied the signs of His Book and its revelation,

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for them will be a humiliating punishment in Hell on the Day of Resurrection.

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“Those who fled their homes for the cause of Allah and then were slain or died, Allah verily will provide for them a good provision. Lo! Allah, He verily is Best of all who make provision.” (22:58)

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“Those who fled their homes for the cause of Allah and then were slain or died, Allah verily will provide for them a good provision. Lo! Allah, He verily is Best of all who make provision.” (22:58)

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And indeed, Allah is the best of providers.

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And those who have left their homelands and kin,

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and abandoned that for the sake of Allah's pleasure and obedience,

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then were killed or died in that state,

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Allah will surely provide them with abundant reward in His gardens on the Day of Resurrection.

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And indeed, Allah is better at extending His bounty to His obedient servants and honoring them.

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He will surely admit them to a place they will be pleased with.

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And indeed, Allah is Knowing and Forbearing.

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Allah will surely admit those killed in His cause to a place they will be pleased with.

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And that is Paradise.

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And indeed, Allah is Knowing of who migrates in His cause,

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distinguishing them from one who leaves his home seeking spoils of war or some worldly gain.

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He is Forbearing towards the disobedient among His creation by not hastening their punishment.

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A Summary of Tafsir al-Tabari.