WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:03.779 *Riyad al-Salihin* (The Meadows of the Righteous) 00:00:03.779 --> 00:00:06.780 From the words of the Master of the Messengers, 00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:09.779 may Allah bless him and grant him peace. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:14.960 Chapter: The Obligation of Fulfilling Trusts. 00:00:14.960 --> 00:00:21.719 On the authority of Hudhayfah and Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:00:21.719 --> 00:00:25.719 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:00:25.719 --> 00:00:29.719 "Allah, Blessed and Exalted, will gather the people, 00:00:29.719 --> 00:00:31.719 and the believers will stand 00:00:31.719 --> 00:00:34.719 until Paradise is brought near to them. 00:00:34.719 --> 00:00:37.719 They will go to Adam (may the blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:00:37.719 --> 00:00:39.719 and say, 00:00:39.719 --> 00:00:43.719 'O our father, ask for Paradise to be opened for us!' 00:00:43.719 --> 00:00:44.719 He will reply, 00:00:44.719 --> 00:00:49.719 'Did anything drive you out of Paradise except your father's error? 00:00:49.719 --> 00:00:52.750 I am not the one for that; 00:00:52.750 --> 00:00:56.780 go to my son Ibrahim, the Intimate Friend of Allah (Khalilullah).' 00:00:56.780 --> 00:00:57.780 He said: 00:00:57.780 --> 00:00:59.780 They will then go to Ibrahim, 00:00:59.780 --> 00:01:01.780 but Ibrahim will say, 00:01:01.780 --> 00:01:04.819 'I am not the one for that; 00:01:04.819 --> 00:01:08.819 I was only an intimate friend from behind a veil. 00:01:08.819 --> 00:01:13.819 Head towards Musa, to whom Allah spoke directly.' 00:01:13.819 --> 00:01:15.819 So they will go to Musa, 00:01:15.819 --> 00:01:16.819 but he will say, 00:01:16.819 --> 00:01:19.819 'I am not the one for that; 00:01:19.819 --> 00:01:21.819 go to 'Isa, 00:01:21.819 --> 00:01:24.819 the Word of Allah and a spirit proceeding from Him.' 00:01:24.819 --> 00:01:26.819 But 'Isa will say, 00:01:26.819 --> 00:01:28.819 'I am not the one for that.' 00:01:28.819 --> 00:01:32.909 Then they will come to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:01:32.909 --> 00:01:34.909 and he will arise, 00:01:34.909 --> 00:01:37.040 and permission will be granted to him. 00:01:37.040 --> 00:01:39.040 Trustworthiness and ties of kinship will be sent forth, 00:01:39.040 --> 00:01:44.040 and they will stand on either side of the Sirat, to the right and to the left. 00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:47.040 The first of you will cross like lightning." 00:01:47.040 --> 00:01:48.099 I asked, 00:01:48.099 --> 00:01:50.099 "May my father and mother be ransomed for you! 00:01:50.099 --> 00:01:53.099 What is like the passage of lightning?" 00:01:53.099 --> 00:01:55.099 He said, 00:01:55.099 --> 00:02:00.170 "Have you not seen how it flashes and returns in the blink of an eye? 00:02:00.170 --> 00:02:02.170 Then like the passing of the wind, 00:02:02.170 --> 00:02:05.170 then like the flight of birds, 00:02:05.170 --> 00:02:09.169 and the running of the swiftest of men; their deeds will carry them, 00:02:09.169 --> 00:02:13.169 while your Prophet stands upon the Sirat, saying, 00:02:13.169 --> 00:02:16.169 'My Lord, grant safety, grant safety!' 00:02:16.169 --> 00:02:19.199 until the deeds of the servants fall short, 00:02:19.199 --> 00:02:24.199 to the extent that a man will come unable to cross except by crawling. 00:02:24.199 --> 00:02:28.199 On both sides of the Sirat are suspended hooks, 00:02:28.199 --> 00:02:31.199 commanded to snatch whomever they are ordered to seize; 00:02:31.199 --> 00:02:33.300 so some will be scratched yet saved, 00:02:33.300 --> 00:02:36.300 while others will be hurled headlong into the Fire. 00:02:36.300 --> 00:02:39.620 By the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Abu Hurayrah, 00:02:39.620 --> 00:02:43.620 the depth of Hell is a descent of seventy autumns." 00:02:43.620 --> 00:02:45.680 Related by Muslim. 00:02:45.680 --> 00:02:48.939 His saying "from behind a veil" (*min wara'i wara'*): 00:02:48.939 --> 00:02:52.939 Its meaning is: "I do not possess that lofty station." 00:02:52.939 --> 00:02:57.939 It is an expression uttered out of humble modesty. 00:02:57.939 --> 00:03:00.960 "Allah will gather the people": 00:03:00.960 --> 00:03:02.960 Meaning, after the Resurrection, 00:03:02.960 --> 00:03:05.180 on the land of gathering. 00:03:05.180 --> 00:03:07.180 "Paradise is brought near to them": 00:03:07.180 --> 00:03:10.379 Meaning, Paradise will be drawn close to them. 00:03:10.379 --> 00:03:12.379 "Ask for it to be opened" (*istaftih*): 00:03:12.379 --> 00:03:14.379 Meaning, ask for its gates to be opened for us. 00:03:14.379 --> 00:03:17.539 *Khalil* derives from *khullah*, 00:03:17.539 --> 00:03:20.699 which is the highest degree of love. 00:03:20.699 --> 00:03:21.699 *Al-Rahim* (ties of kinship): 00:03:21.699 --> 00:03:25.699 Meaning the blood relations that the Shari'ah mandates maintaining. 00:03:25.699 --> 00:03:27.819 *Janbatay*: 00:03:27.819 --> 00:03:29.819 Meaning on both flanks. 00:03:29.819 --> 00:03:31.050 *Al-Sirat*: 00:03:31.050 --> 00:03:35.050 It is a bridge extended over the expanse of Hell, 00:03:35.050 --> 00:03:38.370 across which the gathered multitude will pass. 00:03:38.370 --> 00:03:40.370 "May my father and mother be ransomed for you": 00:03:40.370 --> 00:03:43.620 Meaning, I would sacrifice them both for you. 00:03:43.620 --> 00:03:45.620 "In the blink of an eye": 00:03:45.620 --> 00:03:48.620 Meaning, the span of time it takes for one eyelid to meet the other. 00:03:48.620 --> 00:03:50.879 "The swiftest of men": 00:03:50.879 --> 00:03:55.099 Meaning the strongest of men in their fast sprint. 00:03:55.099 --> 00:03:58.099 "Until the deeds of the servants fall short": 00:03:58.099 --> 00:04:03.099 Meaning their righteous deeds become too weak to grant them swift passage over the Sirat. 00:04:03.099 --> 00:04:05.330 *Kalalib* (hooks): 00:04:05.330 --> 00:04:07.330 The plural of *kallub*, 00:04:07.330 --> 00:04:10.330 which is an iron instrument with a curved tip, 00:04:10.330 --> 00:04:12.460 upon which meat is suspended. 00:04:12.460 --> 00:04:14.460 "Scratched" (*makhdush*): 00:04:14.460 --> 00:04:16.620 Meaning wounded and torn. 00:04:16.620 --> 00:04:18.620 "Hurled headlong" (*mukardas*): 00:04:18.620 --> 00:04:21.620 Meaning violently driven into Hell, 00:04:21.620 --> 00:04:24.620 and thrown into it, piled one atop another. 00:04:24.620 --> 00:04:26.870 *Al-Kharif* (autumn): 00:04:26.870 --> 00:04:30.339 Meaning a year. 00:04:30.339 --> 00:04:32.569 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:04:32.569 --> 00:04:34.569 It informs of the ultimate destiny of humanity, 00:04:34.569 --> 00:04:39.569 and that Allah will gather them to Himself on a Day about which there is no doubt, 00:04:39.569 --> 00:04:43.019 to hold them accountable for their deeds. 00:04:43.019 --> 00:04:50.529 Paradise will not be opened except through the request of the Intercessor (peace be upon him). 00:04:50.529 --> 00:04:54.529 The origin of mankind is Adam (peace and blessings be upon him), 00:04:54.529 --> 00:04:58.529 and this is a certain truth that admits no doubt. 00:04:58.529 --> 00:05:01.199 The humility of the Prophets, 00:05:01.199 --> 00:05:05.199 as each of them refers the matter to the other, 00:05:05.199 --> 00:05:09.579 mentioning an occurrence from his worldly life. 00:05:09.579 --> 00:05:12.579 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:05:12.579 --> 00:05:16.579 is the granted intercessor on the Day of Resurrection, 00:05:16.579 --> 00:05:19.579 and this is proof of his excellence and virtue, 00:05:19.579 --> 00:05:23.579 his precedence over all other prophets, 00:05:23.579 --> 00:05:28.899 and the sublimity of his rank with his Lord, Exalted and Glorious. 00:05:28.899 --> 00:05:31.899 The immense gravity of fulfilling trusts and maintaining ties of kinship, 00:05:31.899 --> 00:05:36.319 as they will stand on either side of the Sirat. 00:05:36.319 --> 00:05:38.319 The varying states of people upon the Sirat, 00:05:38.319 --> 00:05:42.319 and that they are saved from the punishment through their deeds, 00:05:42.319 --> 00:05:45.319 and enter Paradise through the mercy of Allah. 00:05:45.319 --> 00:05:49.769 The sheer terror of Hell and the vastness of its depth, 00:05:49.769 --> 00:05:53.769 and that it is the abode of the disbelievers and hypocrites. 00:05:56.430 --> 00:06:02.430 On the authority of Abu Khubayb 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:06:02.430 --> 00:06:05.430 When al-Zubayr stood on the Day of the Camel, 00:06:05.430 --> 00:06:08.430 he called me, and I stood beside him. 00:06:08.430 --> 00:06:11.430 He said, "O my son, 00:06:11.430 --> 00:06:15.430 no one will be killed today except an oppressor or one oppressed, 00:06:15.430 --> 00:06:20.430 and I see myself only as being killed today as one oppressed. 00:06:20.430 --> 00:06:23.430 Indeed, my greatest concern is my debt; 00:06:23.430 --> 00:06:28.430 do you think our debt will leave anything of our wealth?" 00:06:28.430 --> 00:06:31.560 Then he said, "O my son, 00:06:31.560 --> 00:06:34.560 sell our property and settle my debt." 00:06:34.560 --> 00:06:38.560 And he bequeathed one-third, and one-third of that third to my sons— 00:06:38.560 --> 00:06:42.560 meaning to the sons of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, one-third of the third. 00:06:42.560 --> 00:06:48.560 He said, "If anything remains of our property after paying off the debt, 00:06:48.560 --> 00:06:50.560 one-third of it is for your sons." 00:06:50.560 --> 00:06:52.689 Hisham said: 00:06:52.689 --> 00:06:56.689 Some of 'Abdullah's sons were equal in age to the sons of al-Zubayr: 00:06:56.689 --> 00:06:58.689 Khubayb and 'Abbad; 00:06:58.689 --> 00:07:03.689 and he had on that day nine sons and nine daughters. 00:07:03.689 --> 00:07:05.689 'Abdullah said: 00:07:05.689 --> 00:07:08.689 He kept admonishing me regarding his debt, saying, 00:07:08.689 --> 00:07:10.689 "O my son, 00:07:10.689 --> 00:07:12.689 if you find yourself unable to settle any part of it, 00:07:12.689 --> 00:07:15.689 seek the help of my Master in paying it." 00:07:15.689 --> 00:07:16.779 He said: 00:07:16.779 --> 00:07:19.779 By Allah, I did not understand what he meant 00:07:19.779 --> 00:07:21.779 until I asked, 00:07:21.779 --> 00:07:23.779 "O my father, who is your Master?" 00:07:23.779 --> 00:07:24.779 He replied, 00:07:24.779 --> 00:07:26.779 "Allah." 00:07:26.779 --> 00:07:27.910 He said: 00:07:27.910 --> 00:07:31.910 By Allah, whenever I faced distress concerning his debt, 00:07:31.910 --> 00:07:32.910 I would say, 00:07:32.910 --> 00:07:34.910 "O Master of al-Zubayr, 00:07:34.910 --> 00:07:36.910 settle his debt on his behalf," 00:07:36.910 --> 00:07:38.910 and He would settle it. 00:07:38.910 --> 00:07:40.040 He said: 00:07:40.040 --> 00:07:42.040 Then al-Zubayr was killed, 00:07:42.040 --> 00:07:45.040 and he did not leave behind a single dinar or dirham, 00:07:45.040 --> 00:07:47.040 but only lands, 00:07:47.040 --> 00:07:49.040 among which was al-Ghabah, 00:07:49.040 --> 00:07:52.040 eleven houses in Medina, 00:07:52.040 --> 00:07:54.040 two houses in Basra, 00:07:54.040 --> 00:07:56.040 one house in Kufa, 00:07:56.040 --> 00:07:58.040 and one house in Egypt. 00:07:58.040 --> 00:07:59.170 He said: 00:07:59.170 --> 00:08:03.170 The debt he incurred was only because 00:08:03.170 --> 00:08:06.170 a man would come to him with wealth, 00:08:06.170 --> 00:08:08.170 seeking to leave it with him as a trust, 00:08:08.170 --> 00:08:10.170 but al-Zubayr would say, 00:08:10.170 --> 00:08:11.170 "No, 00:08:11.170 --> 00:08:13.170 rather, let it be a loan, 00:08:13.170 --> 00:08:16.170 for I fear it might be lost." 00:08:16.170 --> 00:08:18.170 He had never held a governorship, 00:08:18.170 --> 00:08:21.170 nor collected revenue or anything of the sort, 00:08:21.170 --> 00:08:27.170 except by participating in military campaigns alongside the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), 00:08:27.170 --> 00:08:32.169 or alongside Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:08:32.169 --> 00:08:34.259 'Abdullah said: 00:08:34.259 --> 00:08:37.259 So I calculated the debt he owed, 00:08:37.259 --> 00:08:42.330 and found it to be two million and two hundred thousand. 00:08:42.330 --> 00:08:47.330 Hakim ibn Hizam met 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr and said, 00:08:47.330 --> 00:08:48.330 "O nephew, 00:08:48.330 --> 00:08:51.330 how much debt does my brother owe?" 00:08:51.330 --> 00:08:53.330 I concealed it and said, 00:08:53.330 --> 00:08:55.330 "One hundred thousand." 00:08:55.330 --> 00:08:57.330 Hakim said, 00:08:57.330 --> 00:09:01.330 "By Allah, I do not think your properties can cover this." 00:09:01.330 --> 00:09:03.330 'Abdullah said, 00:09:03.330 --> 00:09:08.330 "What would you think if it were two million and two hundred thousand?" 00:09:08.330 --> 00:09:09.330 He said, 00:09:09.330 --> 00:09:12.330 "I do not think you can bear this; 00:09:12.330 --> 00:09:17.330 but if you are unable to pay any of it, seek my assistance." 00:09:17.330 --> 00:09:18.330 He said: 00:09:18.330 --> 00:09:23.360 Al-Zubayr had purchased al-Ghabah for one hundred and seventy thousand, 00:09:23.360 --> 00:09:28.360 and 'Abdullah sold it for one million and six hundred thousand. 00:09:28.360 --> 00:09:30.360 Then he stood up and announced, 00:09:30.360 --> 00:09:33.360 "Whoever has a claim against al-Zubayr, 00:09:33.360 --> 00:09:35.360 let him meet us at al-Ghabah." 00:09:35.360 --> 00:09:38.419 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far came to him, 00:09:38.419 --> 00:09:42.419 and al-Zubayr owed him four hundred thousand. 00:09:42.419 --> 00:09:44.419 He said to 'Abdullah, 00:09:44.419 --> 00:09:47.419 "If you wish, I will forgo it for you." 00:09:47.419 --> 00:09:49.419 'Abdullah said, 00:09:49.419 --> 00:09:50.460 "No." 00:09:50.460 --> 00:09:51.460 He said, 00:09:51.460 --> 00:09:56.460 "So if you wish, you may defer my share along with whatever other debts you defer." 00:09:56.460 --> 00:09:58.460 'Abdullah replied, 00:09:58.460 --> 00:10:00.460 "No." 00:10:00.460 --> 00:10:01.460 He said, 00:10:01.460 --> 00:10:03.460 "Then carve out a portion of the land for me." 00:10:03.460 --> 00:10:05.490 'Abdullah said, 00:10:05.490 --> 00:10:08.490 "Yours is from here to here." 00:10:08.490 --> 00:10:11.490 Then 'Abdullah sold parts of it, 00:10:11.490 --> 00:10:14.490 paid off his father's debts, and cleared them entirely, 00:10:14.490 --> 00:10:18.490 leaving four and a half shares remaining. 00:10:18.490 --> 00:10:22.549 He then traveled to Mu'awiyah, who was in the company of 'Umar ibn 'Uthman, 00:10:22.549 --> 00:10:24.549 al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr, 00:10:24.549 --> 00:10:26.549 and Ibn Zam'ah. 00:10:26.549 --> 00:10:28.549 Mu'awiyah asked him, 00:10:28.549 --> 00:10:30.549 "At what price did you value al-Ghabah?" 00:10:30.549 --> 00:10:31.549 He replied, 00:10:31.549 --> 00:10:34.549 "One hundred thousand per share." 00:10:34.549 --> 00:10:35.549 He asked, 00:10:35.549 --> 00:10:37.549 "How many shares remain of it?" 00:10:37.549 --> 00:10:38.549 He said, 00:10:38.549 --> 00:10:41.549 "Four and a half shares." 00:10:41.549 --> 00:10:43.649 Al-Mundhir ibn al-Zubayr said, 00:10:43.649 --> 00:10:47.649 "I will purchase one share of it for one hundred thousand." 00:10:47.649 --> 00:10:49.649 'Umar ibn 'Uthman said, 00:10:49.649 --> 00:10:53.649 "I will purchase one share of it for one hundred thousand." 00:10:53.649 --> 00:10:55.649 And Ibn Zam'ah said, 00:10:55.649 --> 00:10:58.649 "I will purchase one share for one hundred thousand." 00:10:58.649 --> 00:11:00.649 Mu'awiyah then said, 00:11:00.649 --> 00:11:12.259 "How much remains of it?" He replied, "A share and a half." Mu'awiyah said, "I take it for one hundred and fifty thousand." 00:11:12.259 --> 00:11:20.000 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far later sold his own share to Mu'awiyah for six hundred thousand. And when 00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:27.679 Ibn al-Zubayr had finished settling all the debts, the heirs of al-Zubayr said, "Distribute our inheritance among us." 00:11:27.879 --> 00:11:37.669 He replied, "By Allah, I will not divide it among you until I announce during the pilgrimage season for four years: 'Whoever is owed 00:11:37.669 --> 00:11:44.769 a debt by al-Zubayr, let him come to us so we may pay him.'" Thus, he made that announcement every year during 00:11:44.769 --> 00:11:53.559 the pilgrimage season. When the four years had passed, he divided the estate among them, having set aside the designated third. Al-Zubayr had 00:11:53.559 --> 00:12:01.480 four wives, and each wife's share amounted to one million two hundred thousand; his total estate amounted to 00:12:01.480 --> 00:12:12.019 fifty million two hundred thousand. Related by al-Bukhari. The Day of the Camel was the famous battle 00:12:12.019 --> 00:12:17.419 fought between 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, alongside those with 00:12:17.419 --> 00:12:24.340 him, and 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) alongside those with her. It was called the Battle of the Camel 00:12:24.340 --> 00:12:31.539 because 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, was mounted upon a large camel standing in the ranks. 00:12:31.539 --> 00:12:39.610 That took place in the thirty-sixth year of the Hijrah. "None will be slain except a wrongdoer 00:12:39.610 --> 00:12:47.009 or one wronged": for the combatants were either a Companion exercising reasoned interpretation, who was thus wronged, or a non- 00:12:47.009 --> 00:12:57.620 Companion fighting for worldly gains, who was thus a wrongdoer. "Waza" means equaled. "Kurbah" means a grief 00:12:57.620 --> 00:13:06.870 that overwhelms the soul. "Al-Ghabah" is a vast piece of land in the upper outskirts of Medina. "Salaf" means 00:13:06.870 --> 00:13:15.409 a loan. "Ara'aytaka" means inform me. "So if you wish, you may defer my share along with whatever other debts you defer" 00:13:16.409 --> 00:13:23.909 means he offered to postpone the settlement of his debt along with the other debts whose payments were being deferred. 00:13:23.909 --> 00:13:35.250 "Al-Mawsim" refers to the Hajj season. Among the benefits derived from this hadith is the humble self-estimation of al-Zubayr ibn al-'Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:13:35.250 --> 00:13:42.970 even though he was the disciple of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him; his unwavering trust 00:13:42.970 --> 00:13:50.419 in Allah, turning toward Him, being content with His decree, and seeking His aid. It highlights the gravity of 00:13:50.419 --> 00:13:56.820 debt, for a man like al-Zubayr, with all his precedence in Islam 00:13:56.820 --> 00:14:04.600 and well-established virtues, feared debt even after death. It shows the legitimacy of 00:14:04.600 --> 00:14:11.370 making a bequest during wartime, since it can lead to death; the permissibility of borrowing; 00:14:11.370 --> 00:14:18.529 and the obligation for the heirs of the deceased to settle debts before executing bequests and distributing 00:14:18.529 --> 00:14:26.279 the estate. It confirms the permissibility of owning houses and lands, no matter how vast, provided they are acquired lawfully; 00:14:26.279 --> 00:14:34.340 the obligation to preserve trusts; and the inner fortitude and dignity of 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, 00:14:34.340 --> 00:14:40.820 may Allah be pleased with him and his father, shown by his declining the financial assistance offered by Hakim ibn Hizam (may Allah be pleased with him) 00:14:41.379 --> 00:14:47.179 and the debt forgiveness offered by 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far (may Allah be pleased with him and his father). 00:14:47.179 --> 00:14:54.259 When blessing is placed in something, it makes little become much, 00:14:54.259 --> 00:15:02.200 whereas if it is stripped from something, it becomes a grave calamity. It is incumbent to refrain from delving into what occurred 00:15:02.200 --> 00:15:08.639 of discord among the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, for all of them were upright, and in whatever happened 00:15:08.679 --> 00:15:16.950 between them, they were exercising personal judgment and reasoned interpretation. A righteous intention guides 00:15:16.950 --> 00:15:23.190 a person toward the facilitation of their affairs and the repayment of their debts, just as occurred with al-Zubayr 00:15:23.190 --> 00:15:30.730 ibn al-'Awwam, may Allah be pleased with him. Riyad al-Salihin.