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*Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn* from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Book of the Etiquette of Eating.

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Chapter: Saying "Bismillāh" at the beginning and praising Allah at the end.

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On the authority of 'Umar ibn Abī Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to me:

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"Mention the name of Allah, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is directly in front of you." Agreed upon.

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And on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

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"When one of you eats, let him mention the name of Allah the Exalted;

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and if he forgets to mention the name of Allah the Exalted at the beginning,

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let him say: 'Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu' (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end)."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The Sunnah in saying the name of Allah is using the phrase "Bismillāh",

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and there is no textual proof for those who say "Bismillāhir-Raḥmānir-Raḥīm".

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Some scholars claimed

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that the basmalah should be said over every single morsel,

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but this is invalid;

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for saying the name of Allah is at the beginning of the meal,

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and there is no repetition.

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Through mentioning the name of Allah, blessing is attained,

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and Satan is deprived of sharing in the food.

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Man is prone to frequent forgetfulness;

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so whoever does not say "Bismillāh" at the beginning of the meal out of forgetfulness,

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there is no blame upon him,

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but he must say the name of Allah once he remembers,

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saying:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu" (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end).

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And on the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say:

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"When a man enters his home

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and mentions Allah the Exalted upon entering and over his food,

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Satan says to his companions:

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'You have no lodging tonight and no dinner.'

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But when he enters and does not mention Allah the Exalted upon entering,

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Satan says:

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'You have found lodging.'

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And when he does not mention Allah the Exalted over his food,

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he says:

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'You have found both lodging and dinner.'"

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Narrated by Muslim.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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Everything over which the name of Allah

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is mentioned,

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Satan despairs of it.

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Satan closely observes the son of Adam

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in his actions and conduct,

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and in all his affairs;

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so whenever he becomes heedless,

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Satan takes advantage of his heedlessness and achieves

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his desired goal through him.

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Satan stays overnight in homes

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wherein Allah the Exalted is not mentioned,

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and he eats from the food

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of its occupants if the name of Allah is not mentioned

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over it.

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Every devil has followers

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and allies who rejoice

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at his word and obey

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his command.

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And on the authority of Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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who said: "Whenever

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we were present with the Messenger of Allah,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at a meal,

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we would not put

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our hands forward until

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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had begun

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and placed his hand.

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Once, we were present with him at a meal,

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and a young girl rushed in

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as if she were being pushed,

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and she went to place

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her hand into the food;

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but the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took

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her by the hand.

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Then there came

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a Bedouin as if he were being pushed,

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so he took him by his hand.

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Then the Messenger of Allah,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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'Indeed, Satan

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considers food lawful for himself

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unless the name of Allah the Exalted is mentioned

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over it;

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and he brought this girl

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in order to make it lawful through her,

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but I took her by the hand;

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then he brought this Bedouin

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in order to make it lawful through him,

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but I took him by the hand.

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By the One in Whose hand is my soul,

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his hand was in my hand

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along with their two hands.'

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Then he mentioned the name of Allah the Exalted

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and ate."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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This contains

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a clear demonstration of the manners of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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namely, their waiting

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for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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until

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he commenced eating.

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Among the table manners

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is that the younger person should wait

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until the elder begins,

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as well as the person of virtue, before eating.

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Satan is unable to partake

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of the food of the people of faith

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except when the name of Allah is not mentioned

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over it.

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He pushes some heedless individuals toward actions

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that please him,

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in order to gain access

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to his objective.

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The obligation to change an evil deed

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for whoever is knowledgeable regarding it.

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Satan eats in a real, literal sense

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and drinks in a real, literal sense,

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and he possesses two hands that he uses

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for his needs.

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And on the authority of Umayyah ibn Makhshi,

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the Companion, may Allah be pleased with him,

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who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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was sitting

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while a man was eating

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without mentioning the name of Allah,

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until nothing remained of his food

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except a single morsel.

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When he raised it to his mouth,

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he said:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu" (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end).

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, laughed

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and then said:

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"Satan continued eating with him,

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but when he mentioned the name of Allah,

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he vomited up whatever was in his stomach."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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It is permissible for people of knowledge

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to observe those below them

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in order to benefit them in their religious affairs.

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The permissibility

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of informing people about a mistake

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that occurred and correcting it,

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if there is a benefit in doing so

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and a legitimate interest,

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provided it involves no public shaming.

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Satan shares in the food

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of whoever does not mention the name of Allah.

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Indeed, mentioning Allah over food,

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even if nothing remains of it

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except a small portion,

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deprives Satan of everything

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he had eaten before.

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The Sunnah for one who forgets

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to mention the name of Allah at the beginning of the meal

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is to mention the name of Allah

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whenever he remembers,

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by saying:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu."

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The permissibility of marveling at or lightheartedly addressing

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careless behavior

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when something happens that warrants it.

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Satan literally vomits.

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And on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,

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who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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was eating food

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among six of his Companions,

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when a Bedouin came

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and devoured it in two morsels.

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Thereupon,

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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

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"As for him,

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had he mentioned the name of Allah, it would have sufficed you all."

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Narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The recommendation of gathering together

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over food,

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even if it is little.

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The permissibility of joining others

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in eating their food after

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seeking their permission.

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The remembrance of Allah the Exalted brings blessing

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into everything.

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The participation of Satan

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and his minions in anything

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eradicates its blessing.

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Therefore, it is incumbent upon the people of faith

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to ward off harmful

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and evil influences by lawful, prescribed means.

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And on the authority of Abu Umamah,

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may Allah be pleased with him,

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that whenever

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the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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finished his meal and the tablecloth was lifted, he would say:

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"Al-ḥamdu lillāhi

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Abundant, good, and blessed [praise],

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insufficient though it may be,

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never to be departed from,

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nor left behind,

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Our Lord.

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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"Insufficient" means

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He is in no need of any of His creation,

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for He is the One who feeds

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and is not fed.

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"Departed from"

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means not abandoned.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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Allah Almighty alone

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is deserving of praise, to the exclusion of all others,

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for He is the Owner of blessings

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and the Bestower of good

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upon His servants.

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No one can fulfill the needs of His servants

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except Allah.

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All servants are in need

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of Him,

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while He is independent of them, showing favor upon them.

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The obligation

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of offering thanks to every

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benefactor according to what is necessitated by

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the situation.

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On the authority of Mu'adh ibn Anas

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(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"Whoever eats

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food and says,

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'Praise be to Allah,

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Who fed me this

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and provided it for me without any power from me

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nor strength,'

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his past sins shall be forgiven

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for him."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits of

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the hadith:

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A clarification of Allah Almighty's immense favor

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upon His servants,

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for He opened the door of mercy for them

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and rewarded them with His immense

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generosity.

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Attaining provision is not achieved

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through the servant's own strength,

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but rather through the grace of Allah Almighty.

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All blessings are entirely from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime,

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and are not attained through their own power

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nor strength.

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Yet despite all this,

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if they thank Him, He increases them

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in bounty and goodness.

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Glad tidings for the people of faith:

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whenever they abound in gratitude,

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their sins are forgiven.

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Chapter: On Not Faulting Food

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and the Recommendation to Praise It.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah

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(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah

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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never

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faulted any food at all.

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If he desired it, he ate it;

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and if he disliked it, he left it.

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Agreed upon.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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Any permissible food,

269
00:10:48,129 --> 00:10:50,129
the Prophet

270
00:10:50,129 --> 00:10:52,129
(peace be upon him)

271
00:10:52,129 --> 00:10:54,129
would never fault it.

272
00:10:54,129 --> 00:10:56,129
As for unlawful food, he would criticize it,

273
00:10:56,129 --> 00:10:58,129
censure it, and forbid it.

274
00:10:58,129 --> 00:11:00,610
The greatness of the noble character of the Messenger of Allah

275
00:11:00,610 --> 00:11:02,610
(peace be upon him),

276
00:11:02,610 --> 00:11:04,610
as he used to be considerate of

277
00:11:04,610 --> 00:11:06,610
the feelings of the makers and cooks,

278
00:11:06,610 --> 00:11:08,610
never disparaging their work,

279
00:11:08,610 --> 00:11:10,610
nor hurting

280
00:11:10,610 --> 00:11:12,610
their feelings, nor breaking

281
00:11:12,610 --> 00:11:15,059
their hearts.

282
00:11:15,059 --> 00:11:17,059
Demonstrating good etiquette,

283
00:11:17,059 --> 00:11:19,059
as a person might not desire

284
00:11:19,059 --> 00:11:21,059
a certain food, while someone else desires it.

285
00:11:21,059 --> 00:11:23,629
Everything permitted

286
00:11:23,629 --> 00:11:25,629
by the Islamic law

287
00:11:25,629 --> 00:11:28,299
contains no defect.

288
00:11:28,299 --> 00:11:30,299
Teaching people how

289
00:11:30,299 --> 00:11:32,299
to deal with food they dislike,

290
00:11:32,299 --> 00:11:34,299
which is simply to leave it.

291
00:11:34,299 --> 00:11:37,460
On the authority of Jabir

292
00:11:37,460 --> 00:11:39,460
(may Allah be pleased with him):

293
00:11:39,460 --> 00:11:41,460
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

294
00:11:41,460 --> 00:11:43,460
asked his family for condiment,

295
00:11:43,460 --> 00:11:45,460
and they said,

296
00:11:45,460 --> 00:11:47,460
"We have nothing except

297
00:11:47,460 --> 00:11:49,460
vinegar."

298
00:11:49,460 --> 00:11:51,460
So he called for it,

299
00:11:51,460 --> 00:11:53,460
and began eating, saying,

300
00:11:53,460 --> 00:11:55,460
"What an excellent condiment is vinegar!

301
00:11:55,460 --> 00:11:57,549
What an excellent condiment is vinegar!"

302
00:11:57,549 --> 00:12:00,129
Narrated by Muslim.

303
00:12:00,129 --> 00:12:02,129
Condiment refers to anything eaten with bread,

304
00:12:02,129 --> 00:12:04,129
whether liquid

305
00:12:04,129 --> 00:12:06,610
or solid.

306
00:12:06,610 --> 00:12:08,669
Among the benefits of the hadith:

307
00:12:08,669 --> 00:12:10,669
Praising moderation in eating,

308
00:12:10,669 --> 00:12:12,669
for it is half of one's livelihood.

309
00:12:12,669 --> 00:12:14,990
Restraining the soul

310
00:12:14,990 --> 00:12:16,990
from everything it desires,

311
00:12:16,990 --> 00:12:18,990
for a person should not buy and eat

312
00:12:18,990 --> 00:12:21,409
everything he craves.

313
00:12:21,409 --> 00:12:23,409
Praising vinegar,

314
00:12:23,409 --> 00:12:25,409
whether for its own sake

315
00:12:25,409 --> 00:12:27,409
or to comfort the feelings of his family.

316
00:12:27,409 --> 00:12:32,100
Chapter: What Should Be Said by One

317
00:12:32,100 --> 00:12:34,100
Who Attends a Meal While He Is

318
00:12:34,100 --> 00:12:36,100
Fasting, if He Does Not Break His Fast.

319
00:12:36,100 --> 00:12:39,789
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah

320
00:12:39,789 --> 00:12:41,789
(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

321
00:12:41,789 --> 00:12:43,789
The Messenger of Allah

322
00:12:43,789 --> 00:12:45,789
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

323
00:12:45,789 --> 00:12:47,789
"When one of you is invited,

324
00:12:47,789 --> 00:12:49,789
he should accept [the invitation].

325
00:12:49,789 --> 00:12:51,789
If he is fasting,

326
00:12:51,789 --> 00:12:53,789
he should pray [for the host];

327
00:12:53,789 --> 00:12:55,919
and if he is not fasting,

328
00:12:55,919 --> 00:12:58,080
he should eat."

329
00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:00,080
Narrated by Muslim.

330
00:13:00,080 --> 00:13:02,080
The scholars said:

331
00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:04,080
"He should pray" means he should supplicate for them,

332
00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:06,080
and "he should eat"

333
00:13:06,080 --> 00:13:08,720
means he should partake of the food.

334
00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:10,850
Among the benefits of the hadith:

335
00:13:10,850 --> 00:13:12,850
The obligation of responding to an invitation,

336
00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:14,850
whether one is fasting

337
00:13:14,850 --> 00:13:17,230
or not fasting.

338
00:13:17,230 --> 00:13:19,230
A voluntary faster

339
00:13:19,230 --> 00:13:21,230
is the master of his own decision:

340
00:13:21,230 --> 00:13:23,230
he may break his fast, or he may complete

341
00:13:23,230 --> 00:13:25,740
his fast.

342
00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:27,740
A fasting person, if he does not eat,

343
00:13:27,740 --> 00:13:29,740
occupies himself with supplicating for the host

344
00:13:29,740 --> 00:13:32,159
for blessings and goodness.

345
00:13:32,159 --> 00:13:34,159
Fasting does not prevent one

346
00:13:34,159 --> 00:13:36,159
from attending a banquet,

347
00:13:36,159 --> 00:13:38,159
even if he does not eat;

348
00:13:38,159 --> 00:13:40,159
for the host and attendees may feel blessed

349
00:13:40,159 --> 00:13:42,159
by his presence,

350
00:13:42,159 --> 00:13:44,159
they may take pride in his attendance,

351
00:13:44,159 --> 00:13:46,159
and they may benefit

352
00:13:46,159 --> 00:13:50,940
from his supplication or his advice.

353
00:13:50,940 --> 00:13:52,940
Chapter: What Should Be Said by One

354
00:13:52,940 --> 00:13:54,940
Who Is Invited to a Meal

355
00:13:54,940 --> 00:13:58,700
and Someone Else Follows Him.

356
00:13:58,700 --> 00:14:00,700
On the authority of Abu Mas'ud

357
00:14:00,700 --> 00:14:02,700
(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

358
00:14:02,700 --> 00:14:04,700
A man invited the Prophet

359
00:14:04,700 --> 00:14:06,700
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

360
00:14:06,700 --> 00:14:08,700
to a meal he had prepared for five people, he being the fifth of five.

361
00:14:08,700 --> 00:14:10,700
But another man followed them,

362
00:14:10,700 --> 00:14:12,700
and when he reached the door,

363
00:14:12,700 --> 00:14:14,700
the Prophet

364
00:14:14,700 --> 00:14:16,700
(peace be upon him) said:

365
00:14:16,700 --> 00:14:18,700
"This man has followed us;

366
00:14:18,700 --> 00:14:20,700
if you wish, you may permit him,

367
00:14:20,700 --> 00:14:22,700
and if you wish,

368
00:14:22,700 --> 00:14:24,700
he will return."

369
00:14:24,700 --> 00:14:26,700
The host said, "Rather, I permit him,

370
00:14:26,700 --> 00:14:28,830
O Messenger of Allah."

371
00:14:28,830 --> 00:14:32,179
Agreed upon.

372
00:14:32,179 --> 00:14:34,179
Among the benefits of the hadith:

373
00:14:34,179 --> 00:14:36,370
The prescribed nature of hospitality,

374
00:14:36,370 --> 00:14:38,370
and its strong recommendation

375
00:14:38,370 --> 00:14:40,370
for those whose need for it is paramount.

376
00:14:40,370 --> 00:14:42,820
Whoever prepares food

377
00:14:42,820 --> 00:14:44,820
for another

378
00:14:44,820 --> 00:14:46,820
has two choices:

379
00:14:46,820 --> 00:14:48,820
either to send it to him,

380
00:14:48,820 --> 00:14:51,259
or to invite him to his home.

381
00:14:51,259 --> 00:14:53,259
Whoever invites someone

382
00:14:53,259 --> 00:14:55,259
is recommended to invite along with him

383
00:14:55,259 --> 00:14:57,259
those he considers his close companions

384
00:14:57,259 --> 00:14:59,740
and associates.

385
00:14:59,740 --> 00:15:01,740
The recommendation that a leader,

386
00:15:01,740 --> 00:15:03,740
a noble person, or a prominent figure accept

387
00:15:03,740 --> 00:15:05,740
the invitation of those below them in status.

388
00:15:05,740 --> 00:15:08,289
Whoever prepares food

389
00:15:08,289 --> 00:15:10,289
for a group of people

390
00:15:10,289 --> 00:15:12,289
should prepare it according to their capacity,

391
00:15:12,289 --> 00:15:14,700
if he is unable to provide more.

392
00:15:14,700 --> 00:15:16,700
If someone uninvited joins an invitation,

393
00:15:16,700 --> 00:15:18,700
the host has the right

394
00:15:18,700 --> 00:15:20,700
to turn him away;

395
00:15:20,700 --> 00:15:22,700
and if he enters without permission,

396
00:15:22,700 --> 00:15:24,700
the host may ask him to leave.

397
00:15:24,700 --> 00:15:27,179
whoever intends to come uninvited

398
00:15:27,179 --> 00:15:29,179
is not turned away at the outset,

399
00:15:29,179 --> 00:15:31,179
since the man followed the Prophet,

400
00:15:31,179 --> 00:15:33,179
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

401
00:15:33,179 --> 00:15:35,179
and he did not send him back,

402
00:15:35,179 --> 00:15:39,179
allowing for the possibility that the host might graciously grant him permission.

403
00:15:39,179 --> 00:15:41,600
An invited person is not permitted

404
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:43,600
to bring someone else along

405
00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:45,600
unless he knows that the host

406
00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:48,139
would be pleased with that.

407
00:15:48,139 --> 00:15:50,139
An invited guest should not

408
00:15:50,139 --> 00:15:52,139
refuse to attend

409
00:15:52,139 --> 00:15:54,139
if the host declines

410
00:15:54,139 --> 00:15:56,529
to grant permission to some of his companions.

411
00:15:56,529 --> 00:15:58,529
It is proper for the host, when asked for such

412
00:15:58,529 --> 00:16:00,529
permission, to grant it

413
00:16:00,529 --> 00:16:02,529
to the uninvited guest,

414
00:16:02,529 --> 00:16:05,419
as this is part of noble character.

415
00:16:05,419 --> 00:16:07,419
*Riyad al-Salihin*

416
00:16:07,419 --> 00:16:09,419
*Riyad al-Salihin*.