WEBVTT

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*Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn* from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Book of the Etiquette of Eating.

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Chapter: Saying "Bismillāh" at the beginning and praising Allah at the end.

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On the authority of 'Umar ibn Abī Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said to me:

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"Mention the name of Allah, eat with your right hand, and eat from what is directly in front of you." Agreed upon.

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And on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

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"When one of you eats, let him mention the name of Allah the Exalted;

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and if he forgets to mention the name of Allah the Exalted at the beginning,

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let him say: 'Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu' (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end)."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The Sunnah in saying the name of Allah is using the phrase "Bismillāh",

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and there is no textual proof for those who say "Bismillāhir-Raḥmānir-Raḥīm".

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Some scholars claimed

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that the basmalah should be said over every single morsel,

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but this is invalid;

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for saying the name of Allah is at the beginning of the meal,

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and there is no repetition.

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Through mentioning the name of Allah, blessing is attained,

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and Satan is deprived of sharing in the food.

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Man is prone to frequent forgetfulness;

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so whoever does not say "Bismillāh" at the beginning of the meal out of forgetfulness,

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there is no blame upon him,

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but he must say the name of Allah once he remembers,

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saying:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu" (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end).

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And on the authority of Jabir, may Allah be pleased with him, who said:

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I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say:

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"When a man enters his home

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and mentions Allah the Exalted upon entering and over his food,

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Satan says to his companions:

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'You have no lodging tonight and no dinner.'

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But when he enters and does not mention Allah the Exalted upon entering,

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Satan says:

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'You have found lodging.'

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And when he does not mention Allah the Exalted over his food,

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he says:

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'You have found both lodging and dinner.'"

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Narrated by Muslim.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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Everything over which the name of Allah

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is mentioned,

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Satan despairs of it.

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Satan closely observes the son of Adam

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in his actions and conduct,

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and in all his affairs;

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so whenever he becomes heedless,

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Satan takes advantage of his heedlessness and achieves

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his desired goal through him.

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Satan stays overnight in homes

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wherein Allah the Exalted is not mentioned,

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and he eats from the food

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of its occupants if the name of Allah is not mentioned

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over it.

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Every devil has followers

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and allies who rejoice

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at his word and obey

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his command.

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And on the authority of Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him,

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who said: "Whenever

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we were present with the Messenger of Allah,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, at a meal,

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we would not put

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our hands forward until

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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had begun

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and placed his hand.

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Once, we were present with him at a meal,

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and a young girl rushed in

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as if she were being pushed,

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and she went to place

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her hand into the food;

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but the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, took

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her by the hand.

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Then there came

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a Bedouin as if he were being pushed,

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so he took him by his hand.

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Then the Messenger of Allah,

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peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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'Indeed, Satan

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considers food lawful for himself

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unless the name of Allah the Exalted is mentioned

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over it;

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and he brought this girl

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in order to make it lawful through her,

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but I took her by the hand;

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then he brought this Bedouin

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in order to make it lawful through him,

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but I took him by the hand.

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By the One in Whose hand is my soul,

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his hand was in my hand

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along with their two hands.'

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Then he mentioned the name of Allah the Exalted

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and ate."

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Narrated by Muslim.

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This contains

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a clear demonstration of the manners of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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namely, their waiting

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for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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until

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he commenced eating.

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Among the table manners

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is that the younger person should wait

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until the elder begins,

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as well as the person of virtue, before eating.

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Satan is unable to partake

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of the food of the people of faith

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except when the name of Allah is not mentioned

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over it.

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He pushes some heedless individuals toward actions

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that please him,

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in order to gain access

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to his objective.

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The obligation to change an evil deed

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for whoever is knowledgeable regarding it.

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Satan eats in a real, literal sense

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and drinks in a real, literal sense,

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and he possesses two hands that he uses

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for his needs.

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And on the authority of Umayyah ibn Makhshi,

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the Companion, may Allah be pleased with him,

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who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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was sitting

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while a man was eating

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without mentioning the name of Allah,

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until nothing remained of his food

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except a single morsel.

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When he raised it to his mouth,

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he said:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu" (In the name of Allah, at its beginning and its end).

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The Prophet, peace be upon him, laughed

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and then said:

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"Satan continued eating with him,

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but when he mentioned the name of Allah,

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he vomited up whatever was in his stomach."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Nasa'i.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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It is permissible for people of knowledge

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to observe those below them

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in order to benefit them in their religious affairs.

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The permissibility

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of informing people about a mistake

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that occurred and correcting it,

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if there is a benefit in doing so

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and a legitimate interest,

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provided it involves no public shaming.

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Satan shares in the food

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of whoever does not mention the name of Allah.

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Indeed, mentioning Allah over food,

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even if nothing remains of it

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except a small portion,

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deprives Satan of everything

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he had eaten before.

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The Sunnah for one who forgets

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to mention the name of Allah at the beginning of the meal

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is to mention the name of Allah

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whenever he remembers,

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by saying:

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"Bismillāhi awwalahu wa-ākhirahu."

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The permissibility of marveling at or lightheartedly addressing

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careless behavior

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when something happens that warrants it.

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Satan literally vomits.

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And on the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her,

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who said:

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The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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was eating food

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among six of his Companions,

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when a Bedouin came

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and devoured it in two morsels.

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Thereupon,

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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

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"As for him,

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had he mentioned the name of Allah, it would have sufficed you all."

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Narrated by al-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

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The recommendation of gathering together

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over food,

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even if it is little.

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The permissibility of joining others

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in eating their food after

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seeking their permission.

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The remembrance of Allah the Exalted brings blessing

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into everything.

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The participation of Satan

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and his minions in anything

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eradicates its blessing.

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Therefore, it is incumbent upon the people of faith

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to ward off harmful

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and evil influences by lawful, prescribed means.

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And on the authority of Abu Umamah,

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may Allah be pleased with him,

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that whenever

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the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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finished his meal and the tablecloth was lifted, he would say:

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"Al-ḥamdu lillāhi

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Abundant, good, and blessed [praise],

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insufficient though it may be,

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never to be departed from,

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nor left behind,

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Our Lord.

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Narrated by al-Bukhari.

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"Insufficient" means

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He is in no need of any of His creation,

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for He is the One who feeds

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and is not fed.

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"Departed from"

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means not abandoned.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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Allah Almighty alone

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is deserving of praise, to the exclusion of all others,

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for He is the Owner of blessings

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and the Bestower of good

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upon His servants.

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No one can fulfill the needs of His servants

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except Allah.

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All servants are in need

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of Him,

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while He is independent of them, showing favor upon them.

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The obligation

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of offering thanks to every

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benefactor according to what is necessitated by

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the situation.

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On the authority of Mu'adh ibn Anas

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(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

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"Whoever eats

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food and says,

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'Praise be to Allah,

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Who fed me this

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and provided it for me without any power from me

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nor strength,'

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his past sins shall be forgiven

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for him."

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Narrated by Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi.

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Among the benefits of

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the hadith:

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A clarification of Allah Almighty's immense favor

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upon His servants,

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for He opened the door of mercy for them

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and rewarded them with His immense

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generosity.

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Attaining provision is not achieved

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through the servant's own strength,

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but rather through the grace of Allah Almighty.

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All blessings are entirely from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime,

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and are not attained through their own power

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nor strength.

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Yet despite all this,

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if they thank Him, He increases them

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in bounty and goodness.

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Glad tidings for the people of faith:

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whenever they abound in gratitude,

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their sins are forgiven.

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Chapter: On Not Faulting Food

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and the Recommendation to Praise It.

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On the authority of Abu Hurayrah

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(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

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The Messenger of Allah

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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never

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faulted any food at all.

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If he desired it, he ate it;

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and if he disliked it, he left it.

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Agreed upon.

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Among the benefits of the hadith:

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Any permissible food,

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the Prophet

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(peace be upon him)

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would never fault it.

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As for unlawful food, he would criticize it,

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censure it, and forbid it.

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The greatness of the noble character of the Messenger of Allah

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(peace be upon him),

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as he used to be considerate of

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the feelings of the makers and cooks,

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never disparaging their work,

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nor hurting

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their feelings, nor breaking

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their hearts.

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Demonstrating good etiquette,

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as a person might not desire

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a certain food, while someone else desires it.

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Everything permitted

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by the Islamic law

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contains no defect.

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Teaching people how

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to deal with food they dislike,

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which is simply to leave it.

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On the authority of Jabir

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(may Allah be pleased with him):

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The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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asked his family for condiment,

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and they said,

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"We have nothing except

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vinegar."

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So he called for it,

00:11:51.460 --> 00:11:53.460
and began eating, saying,

00:11:53.460 --> 00:11:55.460
"What an excellent condiment is vinegar!

00:11:55.460 --> 00:11:57.549
What an excellent condiment is vinegar!"

00:11:57.549 --> 00:12:00.129
Narrated by Muslim.

00:12:00.129 --> 00:12:02.129
Condiment refers to anything eaten with bread,

00:12:02.129 --> 00:12:04.129
whether liquid

00:12:04.129 --> 00:12:06.610
or solid.

00:12:06.610 --> 00:12:08.669
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:12:08.669 --> 00:12:10.669
Praising moderation in eating,

00:12:10.669 --> 00:12:12.669
for it is half of one's livelihood.

00:12:12.669 --> 00:12:14.990
Restraining the soul

00:12:14.990 --> 00:12:16.990
from everything it desires,

00:12:16.990 --> 00:12:18.990
for a person should not buy and eat

00:12:18.990 --> 00:12:21.409
everything he craves.

00:12:21.409 --> 00:12:23.409
Praising vinegar,

00:12:23.409 --> 00:12:25.409
whether for its own sake

00:12:25.409 --> 00:12:27.409
or to comfort the feelings of his family.

00:12:27.409 --> 00:12:32.100
Chapter: What Should Be Said by One

00:12:32.100 --> 00:12:34.100
Who Attends a Meal While He Is

00:12:34.100 --> 00:12:36.100
Fasting, if He Does Not Break His Fast.

00:12:36.100 --> 00:12:39.789
On the authority of Abu Hurayrah

00:12:39.789 --> 00:12:41.789
(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:12:41.789 --> 00:12:43.789
The Messenger of Allah

00:12:43.789 --> 00:12:45.789
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

00:12:45.789 --> 00:12:47.789
"When one of you is invited,

00:12:47.789 --> 00:12:49.789
he should accept [the invitation].

00:12:49.789 --> 00:12:51.789
If he is fasting,

00:12:51.789 --> 00:12:53.789
he should pray [for the host];

00:12:53.789 --> 00:12:55.919
and if he is not fasting,

00:12:55.919 --> 00:12:58.080
he should eat."

00:12:58.080 --> 00:13:00.080
Narrated by Muslim.

00:13:00.080 --> 00:13:02.080
The scholars said:

00:13:02.080 --> 00:13:04.080
"He should pray" means he should supplicate for them,

00:13:04.080 --> 00:13:06.080
and "he should eat"

00:13:06.080 --> 00:13:08.720
means he should partake of the food.

00:13:08.720 --> 00:13:10.850
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:13:10.850 --> 00:13:12.850
The obligation of responding to an invitation,

00:13:12.850 --> 00:13:14.850
whether one is fasting

00:13:14.850 --> 00:13:17.230
or not fasting.

00:13:17.230 --> 00:13:19.230
A voluntary faster

00:13:19.230 --> 00:13:21.230
is the master of his own decision:

00:13:21.230 --> 00:13:23.230
he may break his fast, or he may complete

00:13:23.230 --> 00:13:25.740
his fast.

00:13:25.740 --> 00:13:27.740
A fasting person, if he does not eat,

00:13:27.740 --> 00:13:29.740
occupies himself with supplicating for the host

00:13:29.740 --> 00:13:32.159
for blessings and goodness.

00:13:32.159 --> 00:13:34.159
Fasting does not prevent one

00:13:34.159 --> 00:13:36.159
from attending a banquet,

00:13:36.159 --> 00:13:38.159
even if he does not eat;

00:13:38.159 --> 00:13:40.159
for the host and attendees may feel blessed

00:13:40.159 --> 00:13:42.159
by his presence,

00:13:42.159 --> 00:13:44.159
they may take pride in his attendance,

00:13:44.159 --> 00:13:46.159
and they may benefit

00:13:46.159 --> 00:13:50.940
from his supplication or his advice.

00:13:50.940 --> 00:13:52.940
Chapter: What Should Be Said by One

00:13:52.940 --> 00:13:54.940
Who Is Invited to a Meal

00:13:54.940 --> 00:13:58.700
and Someone Else Follows Him.

00:13:58.700 --> 00:14:00.700
On the authority of Abu Mas'ud

00:14:00.700 --> 00:14:02.700
(may Allah be pleased with him), who said:

00:14:02.700 --> 00:14:04.700
A man invited the Prophet

00:14:04.700 --> 00:14:06.700
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:14:06.700 --> 00:14:08.700
to a meal he had prepared for five people, he being the fifth of five.

00:14:08.700 --> 00:14:10.700
But another man followed them,

00:14:10.700 --> 00:14:12.700
and when he reached the door,

00:14:12.700 --> 00:14:14.700
the Prophet

00:14:14.700 --> 00:14:16.700
(peace be upon him) said:

00:14:16.700 --> 00:14:18.700
"This man has followed us;

00:14:18.700 --> 00:14:20.700
if you wish, you may permit him,

00:14:20.700 --> 00:14:22.700
and if you wish,

00:14:22.700 --> 00:14:24.700
he will return."

00:14:24.700 --> 00:14:26.700
The host said, "Rather, I permit him,

00:14:26.700 --> 00:14:28.830
O Messenger of Allah."

00:14:28.830 --> 00:14:32.179
Agreed upon.

00:14:32.179 --> 00:14:34.179
Among the benefits of the hadith:

00:14:34.179 --> 00:14:36.370
The prescribed nature of hospitality,

00:14:36.370 --> 00:14:38.370
and its strong recommendation

00:14:38.370 --> 00:14:40.370
for those whose need for it is paramount.

00:14:40.370 --> 00:14:42.820
Whoever prepares food

00:14:42.820 --> 00:14:44.820
for another

00:14:44.820 --> 00:14:46.820
has two choices:

00:14:46.820 --> 00:14:48.820
either to send it to him,

00:14:48.820 --> 00:14:51.259
or to invite him to his home.

00:14:51.259 --> 00:14:53.259
Whoever invites someone

00:14:53.259 --> 00:14:55.259
is recommended to invite along with him

00:14:55.259 --> 00:14:57.259
those he considers his close companions

00:14:57.259 --> 00:14:59.740
and associates.

00:14:59.740 --> 00:15:01.740
The recommendation that a leader,

00:15:01.740 --> 00:15:03.740
a noble person, or a prominent figure accept

00:15:03.740 --> 00:15:05.740
the invitation of those below them in status.

00:15:05.740 --> 00:15:08.289
Whoever prepares food

00:15:08.289 --> 00:15:10.289
for a group of people

00:15:10.289 --> 00:15:12.289
should prepare it according to their capacity,

00:15:12.289 --> 00:15:14.700
if he is unable to provide more.

00:15:14.700 --> 00:15:16.700
If someone uninvited joins an invitation,

00:15:16.700 --> 00:15:18.700
the host has the right

00:15:18.700 --> 00:15:20.700
to turn him away;

00:15:20.700 --> 00:15:22.700
and if he enters without permission,

00:15:22.700 --> 00:15:24.700
the host may ask him to leave.

00:15:24.700 --> 00:15:27.179
whoever intends to come uninvited

00:15:27.179 --> 00:15:29.179
is not turned away at the outset,

00:15:29.179 --> 00:15:31.179
since the man followed the Prophet,

00:15:31.179 --> 00:15:33.179
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:15:33.179 --> 00:15:35.179
and he did not send him back,

00:15:35.179 --> 00:15:39.179
allowing for the possibility that the host might graciously grant him permission.

00:15:39.179 --> 00:15:41.600
An invited person is not permitted

00:15:41.600 --> 00:15:43.600
to bring someone else along

00:15:43.600 --> 00:15:45.600
unless he knows that the host

00:15:45.600 --> 00:15:48.139
would be pleased with that.

00:15:48.139 --> 00:15:50.139
An invited guest should not

00:15:50.139 --> 00:15:52.139
refuse to attend

00:15:52.139 --> 00:15:54.139
if the host declines

00:15:54.139 --> 00:15:56.529
to grant permission to some of his companions.

00:15:56.529 --> 00:15:58.529
It is proper for the host, when asked for such

00:15:58.529 --> 00:16:00.529
permission, to grant it

00:16:00.529 --> 00:16:02.529
to the uninvited guest,

00:16:02.529 --> 00:16:05.419
as this is part of noble character.

00:16:05.419 --> 00:16:07.419
*Riyad al-Salihin*

00:16:07.419 --> 00:16:09.419
*Riyad al-Salihin*.