WEBVTT

00:00:02.319 --> 00:00:23.030
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. And Madinah grew dark: the deathbed and the final testaments.

00:00:23.030 --> 00:00:31.329
The Companions realized that these were the most critical and final moments.

00:00:31.329 --> 00:00:34.549
For here was al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib,

00:00:34.549 --> 00:00:41.549
speaking to Ali that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was on the verge of passing away.

00:00:41.549 --> 00:00:44.100
Ibn Abbas narrated

00:00:44.100 --> 00:00:48.100
that Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:00:48.100 --> 00:00:55.100
came out from the presence of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) during the illness from which he died.

00:00:55.100 --> 00:00:57.259
The people asked,

00:00:57.259 --> 00:00:59.259
"O Abu al-Hasan,

00:00:59.259 --> 00:01:04.260
how has the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) awakened this morning?"

00:01:04.260 --> 00:01:06.480
He replied,

00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:09.480
"He has awakened, praise be to Allah, recovered."

00:01:09.480 --> 00:01:12.769
Thereupon, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib took him by the hand

00:01:12.769 --> 00:01:14.769
and said to him,

00:01:14.769 --> 00:01:18.930
"By Allah, after three days you will be a subject ruled by another's rod.

00:01:18.930 --> 00:01:24.989
By Allah, I surely see that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:01:24.989 --> 00:01:28.989
will pass away from this illness of his.

00:01:28.989 --> 00:01:34.090
For I well recognize the faces of the Banu Abd al-Muttalib at the time of death.

00:01:34.090 --> 00:01:39.439
Let us go to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:01:39.439 --> 00:01:42.439
and ask him who shall hold this matter of authority.

00:01:42.439 --> 00:01:45.760
If it is to be among us, we will know it;

00:01:45.760 --> 00:01:50.760
and if it is to be among others, we will know it so he may make a bequest concerning us."

00:01:50.760 --> 00:01:52.920
Ali replied,

00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:58.920
"By Allah, if we ask the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) for it

00:01:58.920 --> 00:02:03.920
and he refuses us, the people will never grant it to us after him.

00:02:03.920 --> 00:02:10.080
And by Allah, I will never ask it of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)."

00:02:11.080 --> 00:02:17.689
Then Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr entered upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),

00:02:17.689 --> 00:02:23.689
whose illness had grown heavy to the point that he (peace and blessings be upon him) could not speak.

00:02:23.689 --> 00:02:25.939
Aisha said:

00:02:25.939 --> 00:02:32.069
"Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr entered holding a siwak with which he was cleaning his teeth.

00:02:32.069 --> 00:02:37.330
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) looked at it,

00:02:37.330 --> 00:02:39.389
and I said to him,

00:02:39.389 --> 00:02:43.389
'Give me this siwak, O Abd al-Rahman.'

00:02:43.389 --> 00:02:45.460
So he gave it to me,

00:02:45.460 --> 00:02:48.490
and I bit off its end and chewed it,

00:02:48.490 --> 00:02:52.490
then gave it to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

00:02:52.490 --> 00:02:57.900
He cleaned his teeth with it while leaning against my chest."

00:02:57.900 --> 00:02:59.900
Another narration clarifies

00:02:59.900 --> 00:03:05.900
how the condition of the Prophet (peace be upon him) was at that time.

00:03:05.900 --> 00:03:08.509
Aisha said:

00:03:08.509 --> 00:03:12.509
"Abd al-Rahman entered upon me holding the siwak,

00:03:12.509 --> 00:03:17.509
while I was supporting the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

00:03:17.509 --> 00:03:20.580
I saw him looking at it,

00:03:20.580 --> 00:03:23.610
and I knew that he loved the siwak.

00:03:23.610 --> 00:03:25.699
So I said,

00:03:25.699 --> 00:03:27.860
'Shall I take it for you?'

00:03:27.860 --> 00:03:30.860
He nodded his head in approval.

00:03:30.860 --> 00:03:33.960
I took it, but it was too hard for him,

00:03:35.120 --> 00:03:36.120
so I asked,

00:03:36.120 --> 00:03:38.120
'Shall I soften it for you?'

00:03:38.120 --> 00:03:41.280
He nodded his head in approval.

00:03:41.280 --> 00:03:43.280
So I softened it."

00:03:43.280 --> 00:03:48.729
Then the throes of death became apparent upon the Prophet (peace be upon him),

00:03:48.729 --> 00:03:54.729
and he (peace be upon him) wished to write a document for the Companions,

00:03:54.729 --> 00:03:57.729
after which they would never go astray.

00:03:57.729 --> 00:03:59.949
Ibn Abbas said:

00:03:59.949 --> 00:04:05.949
"When the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) approached, there were men in the house.

00:04:05.949 --> 00:04:10.020
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

00:04:10.020 --> 00:04:13.020
'Come, let me write for you a document,

00:04:13.020 --> 00:04:15.020
after which you will never go astray.'

00:04:15.020 --> 00:04:18.180
Some of them said,

00:04:18.180 --> 00:04:21.180
'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:04:21.180 --> 00:04:23.180
has been overcome by severe pain,

00:04:23.180 --> 00:04:25.180
and you have the Qur'an;

00:04:25.180 --> 00:04:28.370
the Book of Allah is sufficient for us.'

00:04:28.370 --> 00:04:31.370
The people in the house differed and disputed.

00:04:31.370 --> 00:04:33.370
Some of them said,

00:04:33.370 --> 00:04:38.370
'Bring it close so he may write for you a document after which you will never go astray,'

00:04:38.370 --> 00:04:42.560
while others said otherwise.

00:04:42.560 --> 00:04:45.560
When their clamor and disagreement increased,

00:04:45.560 --> 00:04:49.560
the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said,

00:04:49.560 --> 00:04:51.879
'Leave me.'"

00:04:51.879 --> 00:04:54.879
The incident of the document took place on Thursday,

00:04:54.879 --> 00:04:58.879
before the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

00:04:58.879 --> 00:05:00.879
by four days,

00:05:00.879 --> 00:05:03.879
as reported in the narration of Sa'id ibn Jubayr.

00:05:03.879 --> 00:05:05.879
He said:

00:05:05.879 --> 00:05:07.879
"Ibn Abbas said:

00:05:07.879 --> 00:05:09.879
'Thursday!

00:05:09.879 --> 00:05:11.879
And what a day Thursday was!'

00:05:11.879 --> 00:05:16.939
The pain of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) intensified,

00:05:16.939 --> 00:05:18.980
and he said,

00:05:18.980 --> 00:05:21.980
'Bring me writing materials that I may write for you a document,

00:05:21.980 --> 00:05:24.980
after which you will never go astray.'"

00:05:24.980 --> 00:05:28.360
In al-Bukhari, in the Book of Jihad:

00:05:28.360 --> 00:05:30.360
"Ibn Abbas said:

00:05:30.360 --> 00:05:32.360
'Thursday!

00:05:32.360 --> 00:05:34.360
And what a day Thursday was!'

00:05:34.360 --> 00:05:36.360
Then he wept

00:05:36.360 --> 00:05:39.360
until his tears moistened the pebbles.

00:05:39.360 --> 00:05:41.459
He then said:

00:05:41.459 --> 00:05:47.459
'The pain of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) intensified on Thursday,

00:05:47.459 --> 00:05:49.459
and he said:

00:05:49.459 --> 00:05:53.490
"Bring me writing materials that I may write for you a document,

00:05:53.490 --> 00:05:56.490
after which you will never go astray."

00:05:56.490 --> 00:05:58.519
But they disputed,

00:05:58.519 --> 00:06:02.519
and it is not fitting to dispute in the presence of a Prophet.

00:06:02.519 --> 00:06:04.709
They said,

00:06:04.709 --> 00:06:08.709
"Has the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) spoken in delirium?"

00:06:08.709 --> 00:06:10.899
He said,

00:06:10.899 --> 00:06:11.899
"Leave me,

00:06:11.899 --> 00:06:16.899
for the state I am in is better than what you call me to."

00:06:16.899 --> 00:06:20.189
And at his death he enjoined three things:

00:06:20.189 --> 00:06:24.509
"Expel the polytheists from the Arabian Peninsula,

00:06:24.509 --> 00:06:29.540
grant gifts to delegations as I used to grant them,"

00:06:29.540 --> 00:06:31.540
and the third was forgotten.'"

00:06:31.540 --> 00:06:36.279
Talhah ibn Musarrif narrated, saying:

00:06:36.279 --> 00:06:40.279
"I asked Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:06:40.279 --> 00:06:45.279
'Did the Prophet (peace be upon him) leave a bequest?'

00:06:45.279 --> 00:06:47.470
He replied, 'No.'

00:06:47.470 --> 00:06:48.470
I said,

00:06:48.470 --> 00:06:51.470
'How then was the bequest prescribed for people,

00:06:51.470 --> 00:06:54.600
or how were they commanded to make a bequest?'

00:06:54.600 --> 00:06:55.600
He said,

00:06:55.600 --> 00:06:58.980
'He enjoined the Book of Allah.'"

00:06:58.980 --> 00:07:04.980
Aisha held the same view as Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:07:04.980 --> 00:07:12.079
that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) had not made a specific bequest to anyone.

00:07:12.079 --> 00:07:14.139
She said—

00:07:14.139 --> 00:07:16.139
on the authority of al-Aswad, who said:

00:07:16.139 --> 00:07:22.139
"It was mentioned in the presence of Aisha that Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was the appointed successor.

00:07:22.139 --> 00:07:24.139
She said,

00:07:24.139 --> 00:07:26.180
'When did he appoint him?

00:07:26.180 --> 00:07:29.180
For I was supporting him against my chest'—

00:07:29.180 --> 00:07:32.180
or she said, 'in my lap'—

00:07:32.180 --> 00:07:34.209
'when he called for a basin,

00:07:34.209 --> 00:07:37.399
then he collapsed in my lap,

00:07:37.399 --> 00:07:40.399
and I did not even realize he had died.

00:07:40.399 --> 00:07:43.399
So when did he make a bequest to him?'"

00:07:43.399 --> 00:07:49.879
During those agonizing moments, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:07:49.879 --> 00:07:52.879
was enduring severe death throes,

00:07:52.879 --> 00:07:57.040
as narrated by Aisha and Ibn Abbas.

00:07:57.040 --> 00:08:00.040
On the authority of Aisha and Ibn Abbas, who said:

00:08:00.040 --> 00:08:05.199
"When death was descending upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

00:08:05.199 --> 00:08:09.199
he began pulling a woolen cloak over his face,

00:08:09.199 --> 00:08:11.199
and when he felt stifled,

00:08:11.199 --> 00:08:13.199
he would uncover his face.

00:08:13.199 --> 00:08:16.199
While in that state, he said,

00:08:16.199 --> 00:08:20.199
'May the curse of Allah be upon the Jews and the Christians;

00:08:20.199 --> 00:08:24.199
they took the graves of their prophets as places of worship'—

00:08:24.199 --> 00:08:27.459
warning against what they had done."

00:08:27.459 --> 00:08:29.459
Aisha said,

00:08:29.459 --> 00:08:32.460
"Had it not been for that, his grave would have been made prominent,

00:08:32.460 --> 00:08:35.840
but it was feared it would be taken as a place of worship."

00:08:35.840 --> 00:08:38.840
Usamah ibn Zayd narrates

00:08:38.840 --> 00:08:41.840
the account of the Prophet (peace be upon him) binding the military banner,

00:08:42.840 --> 00:08:46.000
having appointed him commander of the expedition,

00:08:46.000 --> 00:08:48.000
saying:

00:08:48.000 --> 00:08:52.000
"When the condition of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) became grave,

00:08:52.000 --> 00:08:56.259
I descended, and the people descended upon Madinah.

00:08:56.259 --> 00:09:00.259
I entered upon the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

00:09:00.259 --> 00:09:04.289
and he had been struck silent and could not speak.

00:09:04.289 --> 00:09:07.289
The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) began

00:09:07.289 --> 00:09:11.289
placing his hands upon me and raising them in prayer."

00:09:12.289 --> 00:09:15.899
And on the authority of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her),

00:09:15.899 --> 00:09:19.899
that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:09:19.899 --> 00:09:24.059
used to say during the illness in which he died:

00:09:24.059 --> 00:09:28.059
"The prayer, and those whom your right hands possess!"

00:09:28.059 --> 00:09:34.440
He kept repeating it until his tongue could no longer articulate it.

00:09:34.440 --> 00:09:38.570
In the narration of Anas ibn Malik, he said:

00:09:38.570 --> 00:09:43.570
"The general exhortation of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:09:43.570 --> 00:09:48.730
when death approached him and his soul was rattling in his throat was:

00:09:48.730 --> 00:09:53.179
'The prayer, and those whom your right hands possess!'"

00:09:53.179 --> 00:09:56.179
Dhakwan, the freed slave of Aisha, narrates

00:09:56.179 --> 00:10:01.179
that Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) used to say:

00:10:01.179 --> 00:10:05.179
"In front of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:10:05.179 --> 00:10:07.179
was a leather flask—

00:10:07.179 --> 00:10:10.179
or a vessel containing water—"

00:10:10.179 --> 00:10:12.429
Umar, the sub-narrator, was unsure—

00:10:12.429 --> 00:10:15.429
"and he began dipping his hand into the water,

00:10:15.429 --> 00:10:18.429
wiping his face with it and saying,

00:10:18.429 --> 00:10:21.429
'There is no god but Allah;

00:10:21.429 --> 00:10:24.429
truly, death has its agonies.'

00:10:24.429 --> 00:10:28.500
Then he raised his hand and began saying,

00:10:28.500 --> 00:10:31.559
'With the Highest Companionship,'

00:10:31.559 --> 00:10:33.559
until his soul was taken

00:10:33.559 --> 00:10:37.559
and his hand tilted down (peace be upon him)."

00:10:37.559 --> 00:10:42.039
Among the final counsels given by the Prophet (peace be upon him)

00:10:42.039 --> 00:10:44.039
just before his passing

00:10:44.039 --> 00:10:47.039
is what was narrated by Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf,

00:10:47.039 --> 00:10:49.200
who said:

00:10:49.200 --> 00:10:53.200
"When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was approaching death,

00:10:53.200 --> 00:10:55.200
they said,

00:10:55.200 --> 00:10:58.299
'O Messenger of Allah, give us a bequest.'

00:10:58.299 --> 00:11:00.299
He said,

00:11:00.299 --> 00:11:05.299
'I enjoin upon you the first foremost of the Muhajirun,

00:11:05.299 --> 00:11:08.360
and their descendants after them.

00:11:08.360 --> 00:11:10.360
If you do not do so,

00:11:10.360 --> 00:11:14.549
neither obligatory nor voluntary deeds will be accepted from you.'"

00:11:14.549 --> 00:11:20.549
Aisha tried to bring ease to the Prophet (peace be upon him),

00:11:20.549 --> 00:11:23.779
so she would recite the Mu'awwidhat (protective surahs) over him.

00:11:23.779 --> 00:11:26.779
Urwah ibn al-Zubayr narrated, saying:

00:11:26.779 --> 00:11:30.779
"Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) informed me

00:11:30.779 --> 00:11:35.779
that whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) fell ill,

00:11:35.779 --> 00:11:39.779
he would blow over himself reciting the Mu'awwidhat

00:11:39.779 --> 00:11:41.779
and wipe over himself with his own hand.

00:11:41.779 --> 00:11:45.840
When he suffered from the illness from which he died,

00:11:45.840 --> 00:11:49.840
I began blowing over him with the Mu'awwidhat

00:11:49.840 --> 00:11:51.840
that he used to blow,

00:11:51.840 --> 00:11:56.840
and wiped him with the hand of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

00:11:56.840 --> 00:12:02.379
As the illness intensified for the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:12:02.379 --> 00:12:04.379
Fatimah began to weep,

00:12:04.379 --> 00:12:07.379
as Anas ibn Malik narrated.

00:12:07.379 --> 00:12:09.769
Anas said:

00:12:09.769 --> 00:12:13.769
"When the Prophet's condition grew severe,

00:12:13.769 --> 00:12:15.769
agony and distress began to overwhelm him,

00:12:15.769 --> 00:12:18.960
so Fatimah (peace be upon her) said:

00:12:18.960 --> 00:12:20.960
'O the intense agony of my father!'

00:12:22.120 --> 00:12:24.120
Thereupon he said to her:

00:12:24.120 --> 00:12:28.820
'There will be no more agony for your father after today.'"

00:12:28.820 --> 00:12:33.820
The Mother of the Believers, Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her), was also deeply distraught,

00:12:33.820 --> 00:12:36.820
and she came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:12:36.820 --> 00:12:40.820
grieving over his illness and what he was enduring,

00:12:40.820 --> 00:12:43.860
as Zayd ibn Aslam narrated,

00:12:43.860 --> 00:12:45.980
saying:

00:12:45.980 --> 00:12:48.980
"The wives of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gathered around him

00:12:49.980 --> 00:12:51.980
during the illness from which he passed away.

00:12:51.980 --> 00:12:54.980
As his wives gathered by his side,

00:12:54.980 --> 00:12:58.210
Safiyyah bint Huyayy said:

00:12:58.210 --> 00:13:01.340
'By Allah, O Prophet of Allah,

00:13:01.340 --> 00:13:04.340
I truly wish that what has afflicted you had afflicted me instead.'

00:13:04.340 --> 00:13:08.460
At this, his other wives signaled each other by winking,

00:13:08.460 --> 00:13:11.620
so he said: 'Rinse your mouths.'

00:13:11.620 --> 00:13:14.750
They asked: 'From what?'

00:13:14.750 --> 00:13:18.779
He replied: 'For your winking at her;

00:13:18.779 --> 00:13:21.779
by Allah, she is indeed speaking the truth.'"

00:13:21.779 --> 00:13:25.230
It was as if she (may Allah be pleased with her)

00:13:25.230 --> 00:13:29.230
was profoundly distressed at the thought of being parted from him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:13:29.230 --> 00:13:32.299
as Dhu Dhu'ayb narrated, saying:

00:13:32.299 --> 00:13:34.389
"When death was approaching

00:13:34.389 --> 00:13:38.389
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him),

00:13:38.389 --> 00:13:40.389
Safiyyah said:

00:13:40.389 --> 00:13:42.389
'O Messenger of Allah,

00:13:42.389 --> 00:13:47.389
each of your wives has family to whom she can turn,

00:13:47.389 --> 00:13:50.419
but you have exiled my people.

00:13:50.419 --> 00:13:53.419
If anything happens to you, to whom shall I turn?'

00:13:53.419 --> 00:13:55.580
He replied:

00:13:55.580 --> 00:14:00.700
'To 'Ali ibn Abi Talib.'"

00:14:00.700 --> 00:14:03.700
And Madinah grew dark.