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Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah

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Error that prevents excommunication

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Error versus correctness

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The intention is that a person falls into an act of disbelief through error, not intending what they say or do.

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A slip of the tongue that occurs by mistake in a moment of intense joy or sorrow.

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And one of the clearest examples of this

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Is what is mentioned in the hadith about Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, rejoicing at the repentance of His servant.

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And its representation is like the joy of one who finds his mount after it was lost to him in the desert.

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So he mistakenly said in his extreme joy,

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"O Allah, You are my servant and I am Your Lord."

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While he intended the opposite.

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And such mistakes are frequent, especially among non-Arabs,

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Who do not know the precise meanings of Arabic words.

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And an example of error in actions:

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One who insults the Mushaf, thinking it is another book,

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Such as a geography book or a foreign dictionary, for example.

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This person is excused for their error due to not knowing it is the Qur'an.

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Whereas one who insults the Mushaf while knowing it is the Mushaf,

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But then says,

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"I did not know that insulting it was disbelief."

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This person is not excused.

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Because they insulted it intentionally.

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So ignorance of its ruling does not benefit them.

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And the soundest and clearest proof for not being held accountable for error

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Is that when the Muslims complied with Allah's saying:

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“Unto Allah (belongeth) whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth; and whether ye make known what is in your minds or hide it, Allah will bring you to account for it. He will forgive whom He will and He will punish whom He will. Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:284)

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“Unto Allah (belongeth) whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth; and whether ye make known what is in your minds or hide it, Allah will bring you to account for it. He will forgive whom He will and He will punish whom He will. Allah is Able to do all things.” (2:284)

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"And Allah is Able to do all things."

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And they said, "We hear and we obey."

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“The messenger believeth in that which hath been revealed unto him from his Lord and (so do) believers. Each one believeth in Allah and His angels and His scriptures and His messengers - We make no distinction between any of His messengers - and they say: We hear, and we obey. (Grant us) Thy forgiveness, our Lord. Unto Thee is the journeying.” (2:285)

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Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, abrogated this ruling with His saying:

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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"And forgive us and pardon us and have mercy upon us."

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And from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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That Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, after His saying:

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“Allah tasketh not a soul beyond its scope. For it (is only) that which it hath earned, and against it (only) that which it hath deserved. Our Lord! Condemn us not if we forget, or miss the mark! Our Lord! Lay not on us such a burden as thou didst lay on those before us! Our Lord! Impose not on us that which we have not the strength to bear! Pardon us, absolve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.” (2:286)

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He said, "Yes."

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Narrated by Muslim in a long hadith.

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Summary of the concepts of Ahl al-Sunnah