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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. Aqeel ibn Salim al-Shammari.

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Surah al-Furqan.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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“And He it is Who hath given independence to the two seas (though they meet); one palatable, sweet, and the other saltish, bitter; and hath set a bar and a forbidding ban between them.” (25:53)

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"And this is salty and bitter."

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"And this is salty and bitter."

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“And He it is Who hath given independence to the two seas (though they meet); one palatable, sweet, and the other saltish, bitter; and hath set a bar and a forbidding ban between them.” (25:53)

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And Allah is the One Who merged the two bodies of water.

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So He let one flow into the other and overflow into it.

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This one is fresh and extremely sweet,

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and this one is salty and bitter.

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Then He prevents the salty water from changing the sweet water from its sweetness,

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so that its corruption does not harm it,

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lest they find no water to drink when they need water.

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And He placed a barrier between them that prevents either of them from corrupting the other,

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and made each of them strictly forbidden from altering or corrupting the other.

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“And He it is Who hath created man from water, and hath appointed for him kindred by blood and kindred by marriage; for thy Lord is ever Powerful.” (25:54)

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"And He made him linked by blood lineage and marriage relationships."

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"And your Lord has ever been All-Powerful."

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And Allah is the One Who created a human being from a drop of fluid,

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making him linked by blood lineage—

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and those are seven categories,

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who are mentioned in His saying:

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"Forbidden to you [for marriage] are your mothers..."

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—and by marriage relationships,

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which are five categories,

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mentioned in His saying:

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"...and your foster mothers who nursed you."

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And your Lord, O Muhammad, has always been All-Powerful over creating whatever He wills.

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“Yet they worship instead of Allah that which can neither benefit them nor hurt them. The disbeliever was ever a partisan against his Lord.” (25:55)

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“Yet they worship instead of Allah that which can neither benefit them nor hurt them. The disbeliever was ever a partisan against his Lord.” (25:55)

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Yet these polytheists worship alongside Allah gods that cannot benefit them if they worship them,

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nor harm them if they abandon their worship.

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Thus the disbeliever aids Satan against his Lord, backing him in disobeying Him.

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"And We have not sent you except as a meesenger of glad tidings and a warner."

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“Say: I ask of you no reward for this, save that whoso will may choose a way unto his Lord.” (25:57)

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And We have not sent you, O Muhammad, except as a bearer of glad tidings of abundant reward to whoever believes in you,

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and as a warner to whoever disbelieves you.

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Say to those to whom I have sent you:

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"O my people, I do not ask you for any payment for that which I have brought you from my Lord,

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such that you would say,

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'Muhammad only seeks our wealth through what he calls us to.'

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Rather, whoever among you wishes

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may take a path to his Lord,

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by spending from his wealth in His cause and in what draws him closer to Him—

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such as voluntary charity and spending on jihad against His enemy,

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and other avenues of good."

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“And trust thou in the Living One Who dieth not, and hymn His praise. He sufficeth as the Knower of His bondmen's sins,” (25:58)

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“And trust thou in the Living One Who dieth not, and hymn His praise. He sufficeth as the Knower of His bondmen's sins,” (25:58)

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And rely, O Muhammad, upon the Ever-Living Who possesses continuous life without death.

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Trust Him regarding your Lord's command and commit your affairs to Him;

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worship Him out of gratitude for the favors He has bestowed upon you.

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Sufficient is the Ever-Living Who does not die as All-Aware of the sins of His creation,

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for nothing of them is hidden from Him,

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and He will recompense them for them on the Day of Resurrection—

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He Who created the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them in six days.

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In six days, then He established Himself above the Throne.

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“Who created the heavens and the earth and all that is between them in six Days, then He mounted the Throne. The Beneficent! Ask anyone informed concerning Him!” (25:59)

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He Who created the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them in six days.

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It is said:

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The beginning of that creation was on Sunday,

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and its completion was on Friday;

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then He established Himself above the Throne and rose above it.

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So ask, O Muhammad, One who is All-Aware of the Most Compassionate—One Who is fully Aware of His creation;

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for He is the Creator of all things,

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and nothing He created is hidden from Him.

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"And when it is said to them, 'Prostrate to the Most Compassionate,' they say, 'And what is the Most Compassionate?'"

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They say, "And what is the Most Compassionate? Shall we prostrate to whatever you order us to?"

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"And it only increased them in aversion."

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And when it is said to these who worship alongside Allah that which neither benefits nor harms them:

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"Make your prostration purely for Allah, apart from false gods and idols,"

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they say:

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"Shall we prostrate, O Muhammad, to whatever you order us to prostrate to?"

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And the call of the speaker telling them "Prostrate to the Most Compassionate" only increased these polytheists

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in fleeing further away from what they were called to.

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"...and a luminous moon."

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Sanctified is the Lord Who placed in the sky constellations guarded by sentries,

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and placed therein the sun,

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and placed therein a luminous moon.

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“And He it is Who hath appointed night and day in succession, for him who desireth to remember, or desireth thankfulness.” (25:62)

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“And He it is Who hath appointed night and day in succession, for him who desireth to remember, or desireth thankfulness.” (25:62)

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And He is the One Who made the night and the day alternate with one another,

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such that whatever deed for Allah was missed in one of them,

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its fulfillment could be caught up in the other.

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And others said:

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He made each of them different from the other,

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making this one white and this one black.

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And others said:

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He made each one succeed the other;

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when this one goes, that one comes.

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And He made the night and the day a proof for whoever wishes to remember Allah's command,

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or wishes to show gratitude for Allah's favor that He bestowed upon him in the alternation of night and day.

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“The (faithful) slaves of the Beneficent are they who walk upon the earth modestly, and when the foolish ones address them answer: Peace;” (25:63)

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“The (faithful) slaves of the Beneficent are they who walk upon the earth modestly, and when the foolish ones address them answer: Peace;” (25:63)

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“The (faithful) slaves of the Beneficent are they who walk upon the earth modestly, and when the foolish ones address them answer: Peace;” (25:63)

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...with forbearance and composure, without acting arrogantly.

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And when those ignorant of Allah address them with harsh words they dislike,

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they respond to them with decent and peaceful words.

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“And who spend the night before their Lord, prostrate and standing,” (25:64)

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And those who spend the night before their Lord praying to Allah,

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alternating between prostration in their prayer and standing.

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And those who say, "Our Lord, avert from us the punishment of Hell..."

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“And who say: Our Lord! Avert from us the doom of hell; lo! the doom thereof is anguish;” (25:65)

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“Lo! it is wretched as abode and station;” (25:66)

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And those who supplicate Allah to avert His punishment and torment from them:

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"Indeed, the punishment of Hell is a persistent, continuous, and inescapable torment,

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never departing from whichever disbeliever is punished by it;

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indeed, Hell is an evil dwelling and abiding place."

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“And those who, when they spend, are neither prodigal nor grudging; and there is ever a firm station between the two;” (25:67)

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And those who, when they spend their wealth,

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do not exceed the limit that Allah has permitted for His servants,

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nor do they fall short of what Allah has commanded;

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rather, their spending is moderate, balanced between extravagance and stinginess.

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“And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery - and whoso doeth this shall pay the penalty;” (25:68)

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“And those who cry not unto any other god along with Allah, nor take the life which Allah hath forbidden save in (course of) justice, nor commit adultery - and whoso doeth this shall pay the penalty;” (25:68)

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"And whoever does that shall meet a severe penalty."

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“The doom will be doubled for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein disdained for ever;” (25:69)

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And those who do not worship another god alongside Allah,

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but dedicate their worship purely to Him,

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and do not kill the soul that Allah has forbidden to be killed, except by right—

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either due to disbelieving in Allah after embracing Islam, or committing adultery after marriage,

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or taking a life, for which they are executed in retaliation—

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and they do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse by engaging in forbidden private parts.

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And whoever commits these acts shall meet punishment and exemplary retribution from Allah's torment;

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the punishment will be multiplied for him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein forever in disgrace—

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except for him who returns to obedience to Allah by abandoning that,

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and believes in what Muhammad, Allah's Prophet, brought,

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and acts upon the deeds that Allah commanded him,

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and refrains from what Allah forbade him.

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For those, Allah will replace their evil deeds committed during polytheism with good deeds in Islam,

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by transferring them from deeds that displease Allah to those that earn His pleasure.

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And Allah has ever been All-Forgiving of the sins of whoever repents among His servants,

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and All-Merciful toward him, not punishing him for his sins after his repentance.

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And whoever repents from among the polytheists, believes in Allah and His Messenger,

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and acts upon what Allah commanded him in obedience to Him,

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Allah will surely fulfill His promise to him

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by replacing his evil deeds committed during polytheism with good ones in Islam—

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just as He did with those who repented, believed, and worked righteousness among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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“And those who will not witness vanity, but when they pass near senseless play, pass by with dignity.” (25:72)

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And those who do not bear witness to anything false—

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neither polytheism, nor unlawful singing,

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nor falsehood, nor anything else,

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including everything to which the name of falsehood applies.

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And when they pass by falsehood and hear or see it,

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they pass by honorably.

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Their passing by honorably takes the form in some cases of not listening to it,

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such as unlawful singing;

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in other cases by turning away and ignoring it;

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in other cases by forbidding it;

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and in other cases by fighting against it with swords—

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all of which constitute passing by honorably.

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And those who, when a reminder reminds them of Allah's proofs,

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are not deaf so as not to hear,

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nor blind so as not to see them;

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rather, they awaken their hearts with understanding and intellect,

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understanding what Allah reminds them of through His proofs,

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and understanding what He alerts them to.

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And those who say, "Our Lord..." regarding Allah's proofs,

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and they say, "Our Lord..." regarding Allah's proofs.

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And those who say, "Our Lord, grant us from our spouses

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and our offspring comfort to our eyes..."

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"Our Lord, grant us from our spouses

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and our offspring comfort to our eyes,

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and make us an example for the righteous."

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And those who beseech Allah in their supplication

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by saying, "Our Lord, grant us from our spouses

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and our offspring that which brings comfort to our eyes—

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by letting us see them acting in obedience to You;

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and make us for the righteous—who beware of disobeying You and fear Your punishment—

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an example that they follow in good deeds."

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These servants whom I have described

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shall be rewarded for these deeds that they performed in the worldly life

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with the high chamber—

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which is a lofty station among the dwellings of Paradise—

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because of their patience in adhering to these actions;

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and angels will receive them therein with greetings.

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"Those will be awarded the high chamber for what they patiently endured, abiding therein;

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excellent is that high chamber as a settlement and abode!"

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Say, O Muhammad, to those to whom you were sent:

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"What consideration would my Lord give you,

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or what would my Lord do with you,

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were it not for the worship of those among you who worship Him,

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and the obedience of those among you who obey Him?

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But you, O people, have denied your Messenger who was sent to you,

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so your denial will inevitably become an abiding punishment for you—

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execution by swords,

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and a ruinous destruction that will overtake you one after another."

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And He did that to them, killing them on the Day of Badr.

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Summary from the Tafsir of al-Tabari.