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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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False testimony carries two meanings.

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"Al-zur" refers to falsehood, encompassing every prohibited word or action.

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This includes lying and fabrication.

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In its primary linguistic sense, "testimony" (shahadah) means presence.

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This is reflected in the words of Allah the Exalted:

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“The month of Ramadan in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the Criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, (let him fast the same) number of other days. Allah desireth for you ease; He desireth not hardship for you; and (He desireth) that ye should complete the period, and that ye should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that peradventure ye may be thankful.” (2:185)

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Meaning: whoever among you is present during the month.

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"Testimony" is also used to refer to informing others about a matter.

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This is reflected in the words of Allah the Exalted:

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“(Joseph) said: She it was who asked of me an evil act. And a witness of her own folk testified: If his shirt is torn from before, then she speaketh truth and he is of the liars.” (12:26)

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“(Joseph) said: She it was who asked of me an evil act. And a witness of her own folk testified: If his shirt is torn from before, then she speaketh truth and he is of the liars.” (12:26)

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“And if his shirt is torn from behind, then she hath lied and he is of the truthful.” (12:27)

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“And if his shirt is torn from behind, then she hath lied and he is of the truthful.” (12:27)

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And the words of Allah the Exalted:

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“And those who will not witness vanity, but when they pass near senseless play, pass by with dignity.” (25:72)

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“And those who will not witness vanity, but when they pass near senseless play, pass by with dignity.” (25:72)

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It encompasses both meanings entirely.

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The servants of the Most Merciful do not bear false witness against anyone.

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In this sense, the word "al-zur" is in the accusative case due to the omission of the preposition.

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The intended meaning is: they do not testify *to* falsehood.

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Furthermore, they do not attend gatherings of falsehood and vanity.

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In this sense, the word "al-zur" functions as a direct object.

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Therefore, the believer must beware of both lying and fabrication,

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As well as attending gatherings of vanity and falsehood.

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For both are reprehensible traits that are not among the attributes of the believers.