WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Ifadah Center

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for Human Studies and Research

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presents:

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An Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari.

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The Book of Conditions.

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Chapter: Permissible conditions in Islam, legal rulings, and transactions.

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On the authority of al-Zuhri, who said:

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'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr informed me

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on the authority of al-Miswar ibn Makhramah and Marwan,

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each of them corroborating the other's narration:

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In another transmission:

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"They both informed me on the authority of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)."

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He said:

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) set out at the time of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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and when they were partway along the road,

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the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

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"Khalid ibn al-Walid is at al-Ghamim leading an advance cavalry detachment for Quraysh,

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so take the route to the right."

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By Allah, Khalid did not notice them

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until they had stirred up the dust of the army,

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whereupon he galloped off as a warner to Quraysh.

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) marched on

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until he reached the mountain pass from which he would descend upon them,

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where his riding camel knelt down.

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The people said,

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"Hal, hal!" urging her up,

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but she persistently refused to move.

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So they said,

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"Al-Qaswa' has become stubborn!

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Al-Qaswa' has become stubborn!"

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But the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

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"Al-Qaswa' has not become stubborn,

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nor is that in her nature;

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rather, she has been halted by the One Who halted the elephant."

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Then he said:

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"By the One in Whose hand my soul is,

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they will not ask me for any term

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in which they venerate the sacred precincts of Allah

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except that I will grant it to them."

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Then he rebuked her, and she leaped up.

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He said:

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He then turned away from them until he encamped at the farthest end of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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beside a well with very little water,

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which the people were drawing from sparingly, drop by drop.

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It was not long before the people had completely drained it,

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and thirst was complained of to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).

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So he drew an arrow from his quiver

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and ordered them to place it in the well.

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By Allah, it continued to surge with copious water for them

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until all of them departed fully quenched.

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While they were in that state,

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Budayl ibn Warqa' al-Khuza'i arrived

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with a group of his people from the tribe of Khuza'ah,

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who were the confidants and sincere advisers of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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from among the people of Tihamah.

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He said:

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"I have left Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy and 'Amir ibn Lu'ayy

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encamped at the abundant waters of al-Hudaybiyyah,

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having brought their milch camels with their young,

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determined to fight you and bar you from the House."

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The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied:

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"We have not come to fight anyone,

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but rather we have come to perform 'Umrah.

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Indeed, war has exhausted Quraysh and inflicted great harm upon them.

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If they wish, I will grant them a truce for a period,

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while they leave me free to call the people to Islam.

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Then, if I prevail,

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they may enter into what the people have entered if they wish,

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and if not, they will have regained their strength.

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But if they refuse,

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then by the One in Whose hand my soul is,

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I will surely fight them for this cause of mine

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until my neck is severed,

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and Allah will certainly fulfill His decree."

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Budayl said:

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"I will convey to them what you say."

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He said:

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So he departed until he came to Quraysh,

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and said:

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"We have just come to you from this man,

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and we heard him say something;

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so if you wish that we present it to you, we will."

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The foolish among them said:

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"We have no need for you to inform us of anything from him!"

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But those of sound judgment among them said:

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"Relate what you heard him say."

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He said:

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"I heard him say such-and-such,"

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and he informed them of what the Prophet (peace be upon him) had said.

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Thereupon, 'Urwah ibn Mas'ud stood up and said:

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"O my people!

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Am I not like a father to you?"

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They replied, "Yes indeed."

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He said:

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"And are you not like children to me?"

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They replied, "Yes indeed."

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He said:

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"Do you suspect me of anything?"

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They replied, "No."

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He said:

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"Do you not know that I called upon the people of 'Ukaz to mobilize,

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and when they failed me,

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I brought to you my family, my children, and whoever obeyed me?"

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They replied, "Yes indeed."

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He said:

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"This man has offered you a sound and judicious proposal,

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so accept it and let me go to him."

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They said, "Go to him."

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So he came to him

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and began to speak with the Prophet (peace be upon him).

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) spoke to him in similar terms as he had to Budayl.

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At that, 'Urwah said:

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"O Muhammad!

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Tell me: if you eradicate your own people,

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have you ever heard of any Arab who wiped out his own kin before you?

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And if the outcome turns out otherwise,

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by Allah, I see faces,

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and I see a rabble of people

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who are most likely to flee and abandon you."

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Thereupon, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said to him:

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"Go suck the clitoris of al-Lat!

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Would we flee from him and abandon him?!"

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'Urwah asked:

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"Who is this?"

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They said:

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"Abu Bakr."

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He said:

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"By the One in Whose hand my soul is,

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were it not for a favor you once did me for which I have not repaid you,

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I would have answered you!"

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He said:

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And he continued speaking to the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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and whenever he spoke, he would grasp his beard,

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while al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah was standing beside the head of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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holding a sword and wearing a chainmail coif.

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Whenever 'Urwah reached out his hand toward the beard of the Prophet (peace be upon him),

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al-Mughirah struck his hand with the scabbard of the sword,

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and said to him:

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"Keep your hand away from the beard of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)!"

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'Urwah raised his head and asked:

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"Who is this?"

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They said:

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"Al-Mughirah ibn Shu'bah."

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'Urwah said:

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"O treacherous one!

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Am I not still working to resolve the consequences of your treachery?"

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Al-Mughirah had accompanied a group of people during the pre-Islamic period of ignorance (Jahiliyyah),

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then killed them and took their wealth,

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after which he came and embraced Islam.

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) had said:

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"As for your Islam, I accept it;

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but as for the wealth,

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I have nothing to do with it."

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Then 'Urwah began closely observing the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) with his own eyes.

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He said:

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By Allah, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) never spat out any sputum

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but that it fell into the palm of one of them,

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who would then rub it over his face and skin;

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and whenever he commanded them, they hastened to fulfill his command;

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and when he performed ablution,

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they nearly fought over the remaining water of his ablution;

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and when he spoke,

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they lowered their voices in his presence;

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and they did not gaze fixedly at him out of reverence for him.

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So 'Urwah returned to his companions

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and said: "O my people!

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By Allah, I have been an envoy to kings;

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I have visited Caesar, Khosrow, and the Negus,

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and by Allah, never have I seen any king

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whose companions venerate him as the Companions of Muhammad (peace be upon him) venerate Muhammad!

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By Allah, he never spits out any sputum

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but that it falls into the palm of one of them,

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who rubs it over his face and skin;

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and whenever he commands them, they hasten to fulfill his command;

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and when he performs ablution,

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they nearly fight over the remaining water of his ablution;

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and when he speaks,

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they lower their voices in his presence;

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and they do not gaze fixedly at him out of reverence for him.

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He has indeed offered you a sound and judicious proposal,

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so accept it."

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Then a man from the Banu Kinanah said:

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"Allow me to go to him."

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They said, "Go to him."

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When he came into view of the Prophet (peace be upon him)

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and his Companions,

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the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

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"This is so-and-so,

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and he belongs to a people who venerate sacrificial camels (al-budn);

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so drive them out before him."

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They were driven out before him,

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and the people met him chanting the Talbiyah.

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When he saw that, he said:

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"Glory be to Allah!

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It is not fitting for these people

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to be barred from the House."

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When he returned to his companions,

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He said:

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"The sacrificial camels have already been garlanded and marked,

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so I do not think they will be turned away from the House."

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Then a man among them named Mikraz Ibn Hafs stood up

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and said,

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"Let me go to him."

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They said, "Go to him."

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When he came into their view,

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the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,

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"This is Mikraz,

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and he is a treacherous man."

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So he began to speak to the Prophet (peace be upon him).

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While he was speaking with him,

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Suhayl Ibn 'Amr suddenly arrived.

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

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"Your affair has now become easy for you."

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Suhayl Ibn 'Amr came forward

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and said,

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"Come, write a treaty between us and you."

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So the Prophet (peace be upon him) called for the scribe,

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and the Prophet (peace be upon him) dictated,

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"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."

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Suhayl said,

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"By Allah, I do not know what 'The Most Gracious' is!

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Rather, write: 'In Your name, O Allah,'

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as you used to write."

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The Muslims said,

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"By Allah, we will not write it

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except as 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'!"

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But the Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

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"Write: 'In Your name, O Allah.'"

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Then he dictated,

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"This is what Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has agreed upon."

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Suhayl said,

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"By Allah, if we knew that you were the Messenger of Allah,

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we would not have turned you away from the House, nor fought you.

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Rather, write: 'Muhammad Ibn 'Abdullah'."

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

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"By Allah, I am indeed the Messenger of Allah,

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even if you disbelieve me!

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Write: 'Muhammad Ibn 'Abdullah'."

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Al-Zuhri said:

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"That was because of his saying:

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'They will not ask me for any term

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wherein they exalt the sacred symbols of Allah

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except that I will grant it to them.'"

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Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to him,

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"On the condition that you leave the way open between us and the House,

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so that we may perform Tawaf around it."

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Suhayl said,

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"By Allah, the Arabs shall not say

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that we were taken by pressure;

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rather, that will be from next year."

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So he wrote that down.

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Then Suhayl said,

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"And on the condition that no man comes to you from us—

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even if he is upon your religion—

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except that you return him to us."

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The Muslims said,

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"Glory be to Allah!

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How can he be returned to the polytheists

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when he has come as a Muslim?"

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While they were in that state,

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Abu Jandal Ibn Suhayl Ibn 'Amr suddenly entered,

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stumbling in his fetters,

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having escaped from the lower part of Mecca,

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until he threw himself

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into the midst of the Muslims.

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Suhayl said,

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"This, O Muhammad,

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is the first case I hold you to,

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that you return him to me."

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In another narration:

00:11:53.059 --> 00:11:55.059
"No one shall come to you from us—

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even if he is upon your religion—

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except that you return him to us,

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leaving him between us and him."

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And Suhayl refused

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to conclude the treaty with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

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except upon that condition.

00:12:08.059 --> 00:12:10.059
The believers disliked that

00:12:10.059 --> 00:12:11.059
and were deeply distressed,

00:12:11.059 --> 00:12:13.059
speaking out against it.

00:12:13.059 --> 00:12:16.190
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

00:12:16.190 --> 00:12:19.190
"We have not formally concluded the document yet."

00:12:19.190 --> 00:12:20.190
He [Suhayl] said,

00:12:20.190 --> 00:12:25.190
"Then, by Allah, I will never make peace with you on anything at all!"

00:12:25.190 --> 00:12:28.190
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said,

00:12:28.190 --> 00:12:30.190
"Then grant him to me."

00:12:30.190 --> 00:12:31.190
He said,

00:12:31.190 --> 00:12:33.190
"I will not grant him to you."

00:12:33.190 --> 00:12:34.190
He said,

00:12:34.190 --> 00:12:36.190
"Yes, do so." But he refused.

00:12:36.190 --> 00:12:37.190
He said,

00:12:37.190 --> 00:12:39.190
"I will not do it."

00:12:39.190 --> 00:12:41.190
Mikraz said,

00:12:41.190 --> 00:12:43.190
"Rather, we grant him to you."

00:12:43.190 --> 00:12:45.220
Abu Jandal said,

00:12:45.220 --> 00:12:47.220
"O assembly of Muslims!

00:12:47.220 --> 00:12:49.220
Am I to be returned to the polytheists

00:12:49.220 --> 00:12:51.220
when I have come as a Muslim?

00:12:51.220 --> 00:12:53.220
Do you not see what I have suffered?"

00:12:53.220 --> 00:12:55.220
For he had been tortured

00:12:55.220 --> 00:12:57.220
severely for the sake of Allah.

00:12:57.220 --> 00:12:59.220
He [the narrator] said:

00:12:59.220 --> 00:13:01.220
'Umar Ibn al-Khattab said,

00:13:01.220 --> 00:13:04.220
"I came to the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:13:04.220 --> 00:13:06.220
and said,

00:13:06.220 --> 00:13:08.220
'Are you not truly the Prophet of Allah?'

00:13:08.220 --> 00:13:10.220
He said, 'Yes.'

00:13:10.220 --> 00:13:11.220
I said,

00:13:11.220 --> 00:13:15.220
'Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood?'

00:13:15.220 --> 00:13:16.220
He said, 'Yes.'

00:13:16.220 --> 00:13:17.220
I said,

00:13:17.220 --> 00:13:21.220
'Why then should we accept humiliation in our religion?'

00:13:21.220 --> 00:13:22.220
He said,

00:13:22.220 --> 00:13:24.220
'I am the Messenger of Allah,

00:13:24.220 --> 00:13:25.220
and I do not disobey Him,

00:13:25.220 --> 00:13:27.220
and He is my Helper.'

00:13:27.220 --> 00:13:28.220
I said,

00:13:28.220 --> 00:13:30.220
'Did you not use to tell us

00:13:30.220 --> 00:13:33.220
that we would come to the House and perform Tawaf around it?'

00:13:33.220 --> 00:13:34.220
He said, 'Yes,

00:13:34.220 --> 00:13:37.220
but did I tell you that we would come to it this very year?'

00:13:37.220 --> 00:13:38.220
He said:

00:13:38.220 --> 00:13:39.220
He [’Umar] said,

00:13:39.220 --> 00:13:40.220
'I said: No.'

00:13:40.220 --> 00:13:41.220
He said,

00:13:41.220 --> 00:13:45.350
'You shall indeed come to it and perform Tawaf around it.'

00:13:45.350 --> 00:13:46.350
He said:

00:13:46.350 --> 00:13:49.350
So I came to Abu Bakr and said,

00:13:49.350 --> 00:13:50.350
'O Abu Bakr,

00:13:50.350 --> 00:13:53.350
is this not truly the Prophet of Allah?'

00:13:53.350 --> 00:13:55.350
He said, 'Yes.'

00:13:55.350 --> 00:13:56.350
I said,

00:13:56.350 --> 00:13:59.350
'Are we not upon the truth and our enemy upon falsehood?'

00:13:59.350 --> 00:14:01.350
He said, 'Yes.'

00:14:01.350 --> 00:14:02.350
I said,

00:14:02.350 --> 00:14:05.350
'Why then should we accept humiliation in our religion?'

00:14:05.350 --> 00:14:06.350
He said,

00:14:06.350 --> 00:14:08.350
'O man,

00:14:08.350 --> 00:14:11.350
he is indeed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him),

00:14:11.350 --> 00:14:13.350
and he does not disobey his Lord,

00:14:13.350 --> 00:14:15.350
and He is his Helper.

00:14:15.350 --> 00:14:17.350
So hold fast to his stirrup,

00:14:17.350 --> 00:14:20.350
for by Allah, he is upon the truth.'

00:14:20.350 --> 00:14:21.350
I said,

00:14:21.350 --> 00:14:26.350
'Did he not use to tell us that we would come to the House and perform Tawaf around it?'

00:14:26.350 --> 00:14:27.350
He said, 'Yes,

00:14:27.350 --> 00:14:30.350
but did he tell you that you would come to it this very year?'

00:14:30.350 --> 00:14:32.350
I said, 'No.'

00:14:32.350 --> 00:14:33.350
He said,

00:14:33.350 --> 00:14:36.350
'You shall indeed come to it and perform Tawaf around it.'"

00:14:36.350 --> 00:14:38.539
Al-Zuhri said:

00:14:38.539 --> 00:14:39.539
'Umar said,

00:14:39.539 --> 00:14:42.539
"So I performed many good deeds to expiate for what I had done."

00:14:42.539 --> 00:14:43.799
He said:

00:14:43.799 --> 00:14:46.799
When he had finished drawing up the treaty,

00:14:46.799 --> 00:14:50.799
the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to his Companions,

00:14:50.799 --> 00:14:53.799
"Get up, slaughter your sacrifices, and then shave your heads."

00:14:53.799 --> 00:14:54.799
He said:

00:14:54.799 --> 00:14:57.799
By Allah, not a single man among them stood up,

00:14:57.799 --> 00:15:00.799
until he had said that three times.

00:15:00.799 --> 00:15:03.799
When none of them stood up,

00:15:03.799 --> 00:15:05.799
he entered upon Umm Salamah

00:15:05.799 --> 00:15:08.799
and mentioned to her what he had encountered from the people.

00:15:08.799 --> 00:15:10.799
Umm Salamah said,

00:15:10.799 --> 00:15:13.799
"O Prophet of Allah, would you like that?

00:15:13.799 --> 00:15:17.799
Go out, and do not speak a word to any of them

00:15:17.799 --> 00:15:19.799
until you have slaughtered your sacrificial camels

00:15:19.799 --> 00:15:22.799
and called your barber to shave your head."

00:15:22.799 --> 00:15:27.799
So he went out and spoke to no one among them until he had done that:

00:15:27.799 --> 00:15:29.799
he slaughtered his sacrificial camels

00:15:29.799 --> 00:15:32.799
and called his barber, who shaved his head.

00:15:32.799 --> 00:15:35.799
When they saw that, they stood up and slaughtered their sacrifices,

00:15:35.799 --> 00:15:38.799
and began shaving one another's heads,

00:15:38.799 --> 00:15:42.799
to the point that they almost killed one another out of grief and distress.

00:15:42.799 --> 00:15:45.799
Then believing women came to him,

00:15:45.799 --> 00:15:48.799
so Allah Almighty revealed:

00:15:48.799 --> 00:15:50.799
"O you who believe,

00:15:50.799 --> 00:15:54.799
“O ye who believe! When believing women come unto you as fugitives, examine them. Allah is Best Aware of their faith. Then, if ye know them for true believers, send them not back unto the disbelievers. They are not lawful for them (the disbelievers), nor are they (the disbelievers) lawful for them. And give them (the disbelievers) that which they have spent (upon them). And it is no sin for you to marry such women when ye have given them their dues. And hold not to the ties of disbelieving women; and ask for (the return of) that which ye have spent; and let them (the disbelievers) ask for that which they have spent. That is the judgment of Allah. He judgeth between you. Allah is Knower, Wise.” (60:10)

00:15:54.799 --> 00:15:56.799
examine them..."

00:15:56.799 --> 00:15:57.799
up to the verse:

00:15:57.799 --> 00:15:59.799
"...and hold not to marriage ties with disbelieving women."

00:15:59.799 --> 00:16:01.990
In another narration:

00:16:01.990 --> 00:16:03.990
Umm Kulthum

00:16:03.990 --> 00:16:05.990
bint 'Uqbah Ibn Abi Mu'ayt

00:16:05.990 --> 00:16:09.990
was among those who came out to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him)

00:16:09.990 --> 00:16:10.990
on that day,

00:16:10.990 --> 00:16:12.990
and she was a young unmarried woman.

00:16:12.990 --> 00:16:16.990
Her family came asking the Prophet (peace be upon him)

00:16:16.990 --> 00:16:18.990
to return her to them,

00:16:18.990 --> 00:16:20.990
but he did not return her to them,

00:16:20.990 --> 00:16:23.990
because of what Allah had revealed regarding them.

00:16:23.990 --> 00:16:26.090
So 'Umar divorced on that day

00:16:27.090 --> 00:16:29.090
two wives he had married during the period of polytheism;

00:16:29.090 --> 00:16:33.090
Mu'awiyah Ibn Abi Sufyan married one of them,

00:16:33.090 --> 00:16:36.279
and Safwan Ibn Umayyah married the other.

00:16:36.279 --> 00:16:40.279
Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) returned to Medina,

00:16:40.279 --> 00:16:42.279
Then Abu Basir came to him,

00:16:42.279 --> 00:16:44.279
a man from Quraysh

00:16:44.279 --> 00:16:46.279
who was a Muslim.

00:16:46.279 --> 00:16:48.279
So they sent two men in pursuit of him,

00:16:48.279 --> 00:16:49.279
and they said:

00:16:49.279 --> 00:16:52.279
"Honor the covenant you made with us."

00:16:52.279 --> 00:16:54.279
So he handed him over to the two men,

00:16:54.279 --> 00:16:56.279
and they departed with him

00:16:56.279 --> 00:16:58.279
until they reached Dhu al-Hulayfah,

00:16:58.279 --> 00:17:01.279
where they stopped to eat some of their dates.

00:17:01.279 --> 00:17:04.279
Abu Basir said to one of the two men:

00:17:04.279 --> 00:17:09.279
"By Allah, I see that this sword of yours, so-and-so, is of excellent quality."

00:17:09.279 --> 00:17:12.279
The other drew it and said:

00:17:12.279 --> 00:17:15.279
"Yes, by Allah, it is indeed excellent!

00:17:15.279 --> 00:17:18.279
I have tested it again and again."

00:17:18.279 --> 00:17:20.279
Abu Basir said:

00:17:20.279 --> 00:17:22.279
"Let me look at it."

00:17:22.279 --> 00:17:24.279
So he handed it over to him,

00:17:24.279 --> 00:17:26.279
and Abu Basir struck him with it until he was dead.

00:17:26.279 --> 00:17:29.279
The other man fled until he reached Madinah,

00:17:29.279 --> 00:17:32.279
running into the mosque.

00:17:32.279 --> 00:17:35.279
The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said

00:17:35.279 --> 00:17:36.279
when he saw him:

00:17:36.279 --> 00:17:39.279
"This man has certainly seen fright."

00:17:39.279 --> 00:17:43.279
When he reached the Prophet, peace be upon him,

00:17:43.279 --> 00:17:44.279
he said:

00:17:44.279 --> 00:17:46.279
"By Allah, my companion has been killed,

00:17:46.279 --> 00:17:48.279
and I too shall surely be killed!"

00:17:48.279 --> 00:17:50.309
Then Abu Basir arrived

00:17:50.309 --> 00:17:51.309
and said:

00:17:51.309 --> 00:17:53.309
"O Prophet of Allah,

00:17:53.309 --> 00:17:56.309
by Allah, Allah has fulfilled your covenant!

00:17:56.309 --> 00:17:58.309
You returned me to them,

00:17:58.309 --> 00:18:01.309
and then Allah delivered me from them."

00:18:01.309 --> 00:18:04.309
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said:

00:18:04.309 --> 00:18:06.309
"Woe to his mother! What an instigator of war—

00:18:06.309 --> 00:18:09.309
if only he had anyone with him!"

00:18:09.309 --> 00:18:10.309
When Abu Basir heard that,

00:18:10.309 --> 00:18:13.309
he knew that he would send him back to them.

00:18:13.309 --> 00:18:17.309
So he left until he reached the seacoast.

00:18:17.309 --> 00:18:18.309
He said:

00:18:18.309 --> 00:18:21.309
Abu Jandal ibn Suhayl also escaped from them

00:18:21.309 --> 00:18:23.309
and joined Abu Basir.

00:18:23.309 --> 00:18:27.309
Thereafter, no man from Quraysh who had embraced Islam would leave

00:18:27.309 --> 00:18:29.309
without joining Abu Basir,

00:18:29.309 --> 00:18:32.309
until a band of them had gathered together.

00:18:32.309 --> 00:18:34.309
By Allah, they never heard of a caravan

00:18:34.309 --> 00:18:37.309
belonging to Quraysh heading toward the Levant

00:18:37.309 --> 00:18:41.309
without intercepting it, killing them, and seizing their wealth.

00:18:41.309 --> 00:18:45.309
So Quraysh sent word to the Prophet, peace be upon him,

00:18:45.309 --> 00:18:47.309
adjuring him by Allah and kinship ties

00:18:47.309 --> 00:18:51.309
that whoever came to him from them would be safe.

00:18:51.309 --> 00:18:56.309
So the Prophet, peace be upon him, sent word to them,

00:18:56.309 --> 00:18:58.309
and Allah Almighty revealed:

00:18:58.309 --> 00:19:04.309
“And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

00:19:04.309 --> 00:19:07.309
“And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

00:19:07.309 --> 00:19:09.309
up to the words:

00:19:09.309 --> 00:19:12.309
"the disdain—the disdain of the Age of Ignorance."

00:19:12.309 --> 00:19:14.309
And their disdain was

00:19:14.309 --> 00:19:17.309
that they refused to acknowledge that he was the Prophet of Allah,

00:19:17.309 --> 00:19:21.309
refused to acknowledge "In the name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful,"

00:19:21.309 --> 00:19:25.309
and barred them from the House.

00:19:25.309 --> 00:19:29.019
Commentary on the Hadith:

00:19:29.019 --> 00:19:30.750
*Bi-l-Ghamim*:

00:19:30.750 --> 00:19:34.750
It is a valley two stages' travel from Makkah.

00:19:34.750 --> 00:19:35.750
*Tali'ah* (vanguard):

00:19:35.750 --> 00:19:37.750
Meaning the front of the army.

00:19:37.750 --> 00:19:39.750
"Take to the right":

00:19:39.750 --> 00:19:42.750
It is a route that brings one out at Thaniyyat al-Marar,

00:19:43.750 --> 00:19:47.880
the descent to al-Hudaybiyyah from the lower part of Makkah.

00:19:47.880 --> 00:19:48.880
*Bi-qatarah*:

00:19:48.880 --> 00:19:49.880
*Al-Qatarah*:

00:19:49.880 --> 00:19:51.880
Black dust.

00:19:51.880 --> 00:19:52.880
*Bi-l-Thaniyyah*:

00:19:52.880 --> 00:19:54.880
Meaning Thaniyyat al-Marar,

00:19:54.880 --> 00:19:57.940
which is a mountain pass.

00:19:57.940 --> 00:19:58.940
*Hal*:

00:19:58.940 --> 00:20:02.940
It is an urge spoken to a she-camel to make her proceed.

00:20:02.940 --> 00:20:03.940
*Fa-alabbat* (she halted stubbornly):

00:20:03.940 --> 00:20:07.940
Meaning she stayed in her place and refused to move forward.

00:20:07.940 --> 00:20:08.940
*Khala'at* (she balked):

00:20:08.940 --> 00:20:11.940
Meaning she proved stubborn and refused to walk.

00:20:11.940 --> 00:20:12.940
*Al-Qaswa'*:

00:20:12.940 --> 00:20:16.940
It is the name of the Prophet's she-camel, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

00:20:16.940 --> 00:20:18.940
"And that is not in her nature":

00:20:18.940 --> 00:20:21.940
Meaning that is not her customary behavior.

00:20:21.940 --> 00:20:23.940
"The One who restrained the elephant restrained her":

00:20:23.940 --> 00:20:27.940
Meaning Allah, Mighty and Majestic, prevented her from entering Makkah,

00:20:27.940 --> 00:20:30.940
just as He restrained the elephant from entering it.

00:20:30.940 --> 00:20:31.980
*Khittah* (proposal):

00:20:31.980 --> 00:20:33.980
Meaning a term and a matter.

00:20:33.980 --> 00:20:35.980
"I will grant it to them":

00:20:35.980 --> 00:20:38.980
Meaning I will agree to it.

00:20:38.980 --> 00:20:39.980
*Fa-wathabat* (she sprang up):

00:20:39.980 --> 00:20:41.980
Meaning she stood up.

00:20:41.980 --> 00:20:42.980
*Fa-'adala* (he diverted):

00:20:42.980 --> 00:20:44.980
Meaning he turned aside.

00:20:44.980 --> 00:20:45.980
*Thamad*:

00:20:45.980 --> 00:20:48.980
It is a shallow pit containing little water.

00:20:48.980 --> 00:20:49.980
*Yatabarradu* (they scoop it out slowly):

00:20:49.980 --> 00:20:53.980
Meaning they take it little by little.

00:20:53.980 --> 00:20:55.009
*Fa-lam yalbath* (it was not long before):

00:20:55.009 --> 00:20:58.009
Meaning they did not let it settle.

00:20:58.009 --> 00:20:59.009
*Nazahuhu* (they exhausted it):

00:20:59.009 --> 00:21:02.009
Meaning no water remained in it.

00:21:02.009 --> 00:21:03.009
*Kinanatuhu* (his quiver):

00:21:03.009 --> 00:21:05.009
It is the case for arrows.

00:21:05.009 --> 00:21:06.009
*Yajishu* (it gushed):

00:21:06.009 --> 00:21:08.009
Meaning it welled up.

00:21:08.009 --> 00:21:09.039
*Bi-riyy* (with quenching water):

00:21:09.039 --> 00:21:12.039
Meaning with water that quenched their thirst.

00:21:12.039 --> 00:21:13.039
*Sadaru* (they departed):

00:21:13.039 --> 00:21:15.069
Meaning they journeyed onward.

00:21:15.069 --> 00:21:16.069
*'Aybat nush* (a repository of sincere counsel):

00:21:16.069 --> 00:21:21.069
Meaning the place of his trust, secrets, and sincere counsel.

00:21:21.069 --> 00:21:22.069
Tihamah:

00:21:22.069 --> 00:21:25.069
It is Makkah and the surrounding lands.

00:21:25.069 --> 00:21:28.099
"The copious waters of al-Hudaybiyyah":

00:21:28.099 --> 00:21:29.099
What is meant

00:21:29.099 --> 00:21:31.099
is their large numbers.

00:21:31.099 --> 00:21:33.099
*Al-'Udh al-matafil*:

00:21:33.099 --> 00:21:34.099
*Al-'Udh*:

00:21:34.099 --> 00:21:37.099
She-camels accompanied by their newborn offspring.

00:21:37.099 --> 00:21:38.099
*Al-Matafil*:

00:21:38.099 --> 00:21:41.099
Mothers accompanied by their young children.

00:21:41.099 --> 00:21:43.099
*Wa-sadduk* (and they bar you):

00:21:43.099 --> 00:21:45.099
Meaning they prevent you.

00:21:45.099 --> 00:21:46.099
*Nahakathum* (it has exhausted them):

00:21:46.099 --> 00:21:48.099
Meaning it has worn them out.

00:21:48.099 --> 00:21:49.099
*Madattahum* (you establish a truce with them):

00:21:49.099 --> 00:21:52.099
Meaning you set a fixed period of peace with them.

00:21:52.099 --> 00:21:54.099
*Wa-yukhallu* (and they leave clear):

00:21:54.099 --> 00:21:56.099
Meaning they step aside.

00:21:56.099 --> 00:21:57.099
"If I prevail":

00:21:57.099 --> 00:21:59.099
Meaning if I am victorious.

00:21:59.099 --> 00:22:00.099
*Jammu* (they rested):

00:22:00.099 --> 00:22:03.099
Meaning they took respite from the strain of war.

00:22:03.099 --> 00:22:04.099
*Abaw* (they refused):

00:22:04.099 --> 00:22:06.099
Meaning they declined and rejected.

00:22:06.099 --> 00:22:08.099
"Upon this cause of mine":

00:22:08.099 --> 00:22:11.099
Meaning the monotheism of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.

00:22:11.099 --> 00:22:13.099
"My neck is severed":

00:22:13.099 --> 00:22:16.099
Meaning the front of my neck is separated,

00:22:16.099 --> 00:22:17.099
and what is meant is:

00:22:17.099 --> 00:22:19.099
until I am killed.

00:22:19.099 --> 00:22:21.099
"And Allah will surely fulfill His command":

00:22:21.099 --> 00:22:25.099
Meaning Allah will certainly execute His decree in granting victory to His religion,

00:22:25.099 --> 00:22:27.099
making it triumphant even if they detest it.

00:22:27.099 --> 00:22:29.099
*Sufaha'ahum* (their foolish ones):

00:22:29.099 --> 00:22:30.099
*Al-Safah*:

00:22:30.099 --> 00:22:32.099
Lack of intellect and discernment.

00:22:32.099 --> 00:22:33.099
*Dhu al-ra'y* (people of sound judgment):

00:22:33.099 --> 00:22:35.099
Meaning the rational and wise.

00:22:35.099 --> 00:22:37.099
"Am I not like a parent?":

00:22:37.099 --> 00:22:39.099
Meaning in tenderness and care.

00:22:39.099 --> 00:22:41.099
"Are you not like children?":

00:22:41.099 --> 00:22:43.099
Meaning in receiving sincere counsel.

00:22:43.099 --> 00:22:44.099
*Istanfartu* (I called upon for aid):

00:22:44.099 --> 00:22:47.099
Meaning I summoned to assist you.

00:22:47.099 --> 00:22:48.099
The people of 'Ukaz:

00:22:48.099 --> 00:22:51.099
It is a marketplace in the vicinity of Makkah.

00:22:51.099 --> 00:22:52.170
*Bal lahu* (rather, they refused):

00:22:52.170 --> 00:22:55.170
Meaning they fell short and held back.

00:22:55.170 --> 00:22:56.170
*Khittat rushd* (a sound and prudent proposal):

00:22:56.170 --> 00:23:00.170
Meaning a proposal of goodness, equity, and righteousness.

00:23:00.170 --> 00:23:01.170
*Ista'salat*:

00:23:01.170 --> 00:23:02.170
*Ista'salat*:

00:23:02.170 --> 00:23:06.170
Meaning completely destroyed and killed them entirely.

00:23:06.170 --> 00:23:07.170
*Ijtaha* (he eradicated):

00:23:07.170 --> 00:23:09.170
Meaning he uprooted entirely.

00:23:09.170 --> 00:23:10.170
*Wujuh* (notables):

00:23:10.170 --> 00:23:12.170
Meaning the prominent figures among the people.

00:23:12.170 --> 00:23:14.170
*Awshab* (a rabble):

00:23:14.170 --> 00:23:16.170
He means a mixed assortment of people.

00:23:16.170 --> 00:23:17.170
*Khaliq* (likely):

00:23:17.170 --> 00:23:19.170
Meaning worthy and apt.

00:23:19.170 --> 00:23:20.170
*Yafirru* (he flees):

00:23:20.170 --> 00:23:22.170
Meaning he runs away.

00:23:22.170 --> 00:23:23.170
*Yada'uka* (they desert you):

00:23:23.170 --> 00:23:25.170
Meaning they abandon you.

00:23:25.170 --> 00:23:26.170
*Bi-badhr*:

00:23:26.170 --> 00:23:30.170
It refers to the clitoris.

00:23:30.170 --> 00:23:31.170
Al-Lat:

00:23:31.170 --> 00:23:34.170
The name of a well-known idol and false deity.

00:23:34.170 --> 00:23:36.170
"Were it not for a favor":

00:23:36.170 --> 00:23:38.170
Meaning a past blessing and grace.

00:23:38.170 --> 00:23:40.170
"For which I have not repaid you":

00:23:40.170 --> 00:23:42.170
Meaning I have not compensated you.

00:23:42.170 --> 00:23:43.170
*Al-Mighfar* (the coif of mail):

00:23:43.170 --> 00:23:47.170
It is what is placed over the head from the excess of the chainmail armor,

00:23:47.170 --> 00:23:49.170
resembling a skullcap.

00:23:49.170 --> 00:23:50.299
*Ahwa* (he reached out):

00:23:50.299 --> 00:23:51.299
Meaning he took hold of.

00:23:51.299 --> 00:23:53.299
*Bi-na'l al-sayf* (the chape of the sword):

00:23:53.299 --> 00:23:57.299
Meaning what is at the bottom of the scabbard, made of silver or other material.

00:23:57.299 --> 00:23:59.329
*Ay ghudar* (O treacherous one):

00:23:59.329 --> 00:24:01.329
Meaning O perfidious person,

00:24:01.329 --> 00:24:02.329
derived from treachery.

00:24:02.329 --> 00:24:05.329
"Am I not striving to rectify your treachery?":

00:24:05.329 --> 00:24:10.329
Meaning am I not working to avert the evil of your offense through the payment of money and the like?

00:24:10.329 --> 00:24:12.329
"I have nothing to do with it,"

00:24:12.329 --> 00:24:14.329
meaning: I will not touch it or interfere with it,

00:24:14.329 --> 00:24:17.329
because he took it through treachery and deceit.

00:24:17.329 --> 00:24:18.359
"Watching attentively"

00:24:18.359 --> 00:24:20.359
means observing closely and keeping an eye on him.

00:24:20.359 --> 00:24:21.359
"Sputum"

00:24:21.359 --> 00:24:25.359
refers to the mucus or phlegm that comes from the back of the throat.

00:24:25.359 --> 00:24:26.359
"In the palm"

00:24:26.359 --> 00:24:28.359
means in the hand.

00:24:28.359 --> 00:24:29.359
"And he rubbed it,"

00:24:29.359 --> 00:24:30.359
meaning he wiped it.

00:24:30.359 --> 00:24:32.359
"They hastened to fulfill his command,"

00:24:32.359 --> 00:24:35.359
meaning they rushed to obey him.

00:24:35.359 --> 00:24:36.359
"His ablution water,"

00:24:36.359 --> 00:24:38.359
meaning the leftover water used for his wudu.

00:24:38.359 --> 00:24:40.359
"Nor do they fix their gaze,"

00:24:40.359 --> 00:24:43.359
where fixing the gaze denotes staring intensely out of respect.

00:24:43.359 --> 00:24:44.359
"Caesar"

00:24:44.359 --> 00:24:46.359
is the emperor of the Byzantines (Rome),

00:24:46.359 --> 00:24:47.359
"and Chosroes"

00:24:47.359 --> 00:24:49.359
is the king of the Persians,

00:24:49.359 --> 00:24:50.359
"and the Negus"

00:24:50.359 --> 00:24:52.390
is the king of Abyssinia.

00:24:52.390 --> 00:24:54.390
"A man from Banu Kinanah,"

00:24:54.390 --> 00:24:57.390
who was al-Hulays ibn 'Alqamah al-Harithi,

00:24:57.390 --> 00:24:59.390
the leader of the Ahabish alliance,

00:24:59.390 --> 00:25:02.390
"from a people who venerate the sacrificial animals,"

00:25:02.390 --> 00:25:04.390
meaning he is not one of those who would violate their sanctity.

00:25:04.390 --> 00:25:05.390
"Sacrificial animals (budn)"

00:25:05.390 --> 00:25:08.390
refers to the camels sent as gifts for sacrifice in the Sacred Sanctuary.

00:25:08.390 --> 00:25:10.390
"So send them forward,"

00:25:10.390 --> 00:25:13.390
meaning drive them standing so they can be clearly seen.

00:25:13.390 --> 00:25:15.390
"Chanting the Talbiyah,"

00:25:15.390 --> 00:25:18.390
meaning raising their voices in the pilgrim's cry.

00:25:18.390 --> 00:25:19.390
"To be turned away,"

00:25:19.390 --> 00:25:21.390
meaning to be barred or prevented.

00:25:21.390 --> 00:25:22.390
"They were garlanded,"

00:25:22.390 --> 00:25:24.390
where garlanding the sacrificial animal (taqlid)

00:25:24.390 --> 00:25:27.390
is the hanging of a sandal, leather strap, or similar object around its neck

00:25:27.390 --> 00:25:30.390
as a visible sign that it is an offering for sacrifice.

00:25:30.390 --> 00:25:32.390
"And marked,"

00:25:32.390 --> 00:25:33.390
where marking the sacrificial animal (ish'ar)

00:25:33.390 --> 00:25:36.390
is making an incision to draw a trickle of blood on the right side

00:25:36.390 --> 00:25:38.390
of the animal's hump.

00:25:38.390 --> 00:25:40.390
"When he looked upon them,"

00:25:40.390 --> 00:25:43.390
meaning when he approached and came facing them.

00:25:43.390 --> 00:25:45.390
"A wicked man,"

00:25:45.390 --> 00:25:47.390
who was notorious for treachery.

00:25:47.390 --> 00:25:48.390
"So he began,"

00:25:48.390 --> 00:25:51.390
meaning he commenced and took to speaking.

00:25:51.390 --> 00:25:52.390
"Easy,"

00:25:52.390 --> 00:25:54.420
meaning made smooth and facilitated.

00:25:54.420 --> 00:25:55.420
"Bring here,"

00:25:55.420 --> 00:25:57.420
meaning give it to me.

00:25:57.420 --> 00:25:58.420
"The scribe"

00:25:58.420 --> 00:26:01.420
was 'Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him).

00:26:01.420 --> 00:26:03.420
"I do not know what it is,"

00:26:03.420 --> 00:26:05.420
meaning I am unfamiliar with it.

00:26:05.420 --> 00:26:07.420
Suhayl rejected the formulation of the Basmalah

00:26:07.420 --> 00:26:10.420
because during the pre-Islamic Jahiliyyah they used to write:

00:26:10.420 --> 00:26:12.420
"In Your name, O Allah (Bismika Allahumma)."

00:26:12.420 --> 00:26:15.420
And the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

00:26:15.420 --> 00:26:18.420
in the early phase of Islam used to write the same way.

00:26:18.420 --> 00:26:20.420
"He concluded the treaty upon it,"

00:26:20.420 --> 00:26:22.420
meaning he made peace on those terms.

00:26:22.420 --> 00:26:24.420
"If we knew,"

00:26:24.420 --> 00:26:27.420
meaning if we acknowledged and conceded that,

00:26:27.420 --> 00:26:29.420
"we would not have turned you away,"

00:26:29.420 --> 00:26:31.460
meaning we would not have barred you.

00:26:31.460 --> 00:26:33.460
"They will not ask me for any plan"

00:26:33.460 --> 00:26:35.460
in which they venerate the sacred precincts of Allah

00:26:35.460 --> 00:26:38.460
"except that I will grant it to them,"

00:26:38.460 --> 00:26:40.460
meaning they will not request any matter or term

00:26:40.460 --> 00:26:42.460
that entails honoring the Sacred Sanctuary

00:26:42.460 --> 00:26:45.460
without my agreeing to it.

00:26:45.460 --> 00:26:47.460
"Lest the Arabs say,"

00:26:47.460 --> 00:26:50.460
meaning lest it spread and be rumored among them

00:26:50.460 --> 00:26:52.460
that we were taken by sheer force,

00:26:52.460 --> 00:26:55.460
meaning through coercion and compulsion.

00:26:55.460 --> 00:26:57.460
"In the following year,"

00:26:57.460 --> 00:26:59.460
meaning in the coming year.

00:26:59.460 --> 00:27:01.460
"Except that you must return him to us,"

00:27:01.460 --> 00:27:04.460
meaning you must send him back to our custody.

00:27:04.460 --> 00:27:06.460
"While they were in that state,"

00:27:06.460 --> 00:27:10.490
meaning while the treaty document was still being written,

00:27:10.490 --> 00:27:12.490
"hobbling in his fetters,"

00:27:12.490 --> 00:27:14.490
meaning walking slowly and heavily

00:27:14.490 --> 00:27:16.490
because of the shackles,

00:27:16.490 --> 00:27:18.490
"until he threw himself"

00:27:18.490 --> 00:27:20.490
"amidst the Muslims,"

00:27:20.490 --> 00:27:22.490
meaning until he reached the Muslims

00:27:22.490 --> 00:27:24.490
and sought refuge with them.

00:27:24.490 --> 00:27:26.490
"I hold you to the treaty regarding him,"

00:27:26.490 --> 00:27:28.490
meaning I dispute with you and hold you to account by it,

00:27:28.490 --> 00:27:30.490
appealing to the terms of the truce,

00:27:30.490 --> 00:27:33.490
demanding that he be returned to the polytheists.

00:27:33.490 --> 00:27:36.490
"We have not finalized the document yet,"

00:27:36.490 --> 00:27:39.490
meaning we have not completed writing it down.

00:27:39.490 --> 00:27:41.490
"So allow him for my sake,"

00:27:41.490 --> 00:27:43.490
meaning let my action stand regarding him,

00:27:43.490 --> 00:27:45.490
by not returning him to you.

00:27:45.490 --> 00:27:46.490
"And they felt deep distress,"

00:27:46.490 --> 00:27:48.490
meaning they took great offense and grieved,

00:27:48.490 --> 00:27:49.490
and the meaning is:

00:27:49.490 --> 00:27:52.490
they grew indignant, and this situation weighed very heavily upon them.

00:27:52.490 --> 00:27:54.490
"What I have endured,"

00:27:54.490 --> 00:27:56.490
meaning from torment, torture, and humiliation

00:27:56.490 --> 00:27:58.490
at the hands of the polytheists.

00:27:58.490 --> 00:28:00.490
"A baseness (daniyyah),"

00:28:00.490 --> 00:28:03.490
meaning a flaw, deficiency, and contemptible concession.

00:28:03.490 --> 00:28:05.490
"And I will not disobey Him,"

00:28:05.490 --> 00:28:06.490
the intended meaning being:

00:28:06.490 --> 00:28:08.490
I am only doing this

00:28:08.490 --> 00:28:10.490
because of what Allah has disclosed to me

00:28:10.490 --> 00:28:11.490
regarding the halting of the she-camel,

00:28:11.490 --> 00:28:14.490
and I am not acting on my own personal opinion,

00:28:14.490 --> 00:28:16.490
but rather it is purely by divine revelation.

00:28:16.490 --> 00:28:18.490
"And performing circumambulation around it,"

00:28:18.490 --> 00:28:20.490
meaning you will indeed circumambulate the House.

00:28:20.490 --> 00:28:22.490
"So hold firmly to his stirrup,"

00:28:22.490 --> 00:28:24.490
where the camel's stirrup (al-gharz)

00:28:24.490 --> 00:28:26.490
is equivalent to the stirrup of a horse's saddle,

00:28:26.490 --> 00:28:28.490
and the intended meaning is:

00:28:28.490 --> 00:28:32.490
remain steadfastly with him and never oppose him in anything at all.

00:28:32.490 --> 00:28:34.579
"So I performed deeds for that,"

00:28:34.579 --> 00:28:37.579
meaning I continued to give charity, fast,

00:28:37.579 --> 00:28:39.579
pray, free slaves,

00:28:39.579 --> 00:28:41.579
and perform righteous deeds

00:28:42.579 --> 00:28:45.579
out of fear for the words I had spoken.

00:28:45.579 --> 00:28:47.579
He did that (may Allah be pleased with him)

00:28:47.579 --> 00:28:49.579
to expiate for his stance on that day.

00:28:49.579 --> 00:28:51.680
"When he finished,"

00:28:51.680 --> 00:28:53.680
meaning when he concluded

00:28:53.680 --> 00:28:55.680
"the matter of the document,"

00:28:55.680 --> 00:28:58.680
meaning writing the peace agreement and its terms.

00:28:58.680 --> 00:29:00.779
"Stand up,"

00:29:00.779 --> 00:29:02.779
meaning carry out what I command you:

00:29:02.779 --> 00:29:04.779
"and slaughter,"

00:29:04.779 --> 00:29:06.779
meaning whoever has a sacrificial animal with him

00:29:06.779 --> 00:29:07.779
let him sacrifice it,

00:29:07.779 --> 00:29:08.869
"then shave,"

00:29:08.869 --> 00:29:10.869
meaning your heads,

00:29:10.869 --> 00:29:13.869
and the intention is to exit the state of ihram for 'Umrah.

00:29:13.869 --> 00:29:15.900
"Not a single man among them stood up."

00:29:15.900 --> 00:29:20.900
This was not out of disobedience to his command (peace be upon him),

00:29:20.900 --> 00:29:28.900
but rather they were hoping that Allah Almighty would reveal a contrary order to His Messenger,

00:29:28.900 --> 00:29:31.900
allowing them to complete their pilgrim rites.

00:29:31.900 --> 00:29:33.940
"Would you like that?"

00:29:33.940 --> 00:29:36.940
meaning: Would you like the people to follow your command?

00:29:36.940 --> 00:29:38.940
"He slaughtered camels,"

00:29:39.940 --> 00:29:40.940
and the term budn

00:29:40.940 --> 00:29:42.940
refers to the camels sent as offerings to the Sanctuary.

00:29:42.940 --> 00:29:43.940
It was said

00:29:43.940 --> 00:29:45.940
that there were seventy camels,

00:29:45.940 --> 00:29:48.940
among which was a camel that had belonged to Abu Jahl,

00:29:48.940 --> 00:29:52.059
with a silver nose-ring in its snout.

00:29:52.059 --> 00:29:55.059
"And he called his barber, who shaved his head."

00:29:55.059 --> 00:29:56.059
It was said

00:29:56.059 --> 00:29:59.059
that the one who shaved his head on that day

00:29:59.059 --> 00:30:04.130
was Khirash ibn Umayyah ibn al-Fadl al-Khuza'i (may Allah be pleased with him).

00:30:04.130 --> 00:30:05.130
"In a rush (ghamman),"

00:30:05.130 --> 00:30:07.130
meaning crowding and rushing together.

00:30:07.130 --> 00:30:10.130
"Then believing women came to him,"

00:30:10.130 --> 00:30:13.130
meaning they came to him (peace be upon him) afterward,

00:30:13.130 --> 00:30:16.130
during the term of the peace treaty.

00:30:16.130 --> 00:30:18.130
"So test them,"

00:30:18.130 --> 00:30:20.130
meaning examine and verify their faith.

00:30:20.130 --> 00:30:22.130
"To the marriage ties of unbelieving women,"

00:30:22.130 --> 00:30:23.130
the intended meaning being:

00:30:23.130 --> 00:30:25.130
divorce them.

00:30:25.130 --> 00:30:26.130
"Two men,"

00:30:26.130 --> 00:30:28.130
who were Khunays ibn Jabir

00:30:28.130 --> 00:30:31.130
and a freedman of his named Kawthar,

00:30:31.130 --> 00:30:33.130
though other names were also reported.

00:30:33.130 --> 00:30:36.130
"The pledge that you granted us,"

00:30:36.130 --> 00:30:41.130
meaning the treaty term stipulating the return of whoever comes from them as a Muslim.

00:30:41.130 --> 00:30:42.130
"So he handed him over,"

00:30:42.130 --> 00:30:44.130
meaning he gave him to them.

00:30:44.130 --> 00:30:45.130
"They reached,"

00:30:45.130 --> 00:30:47.130
meaning they arrived at Dhu al-Hulayfah.

00:30:47.130 --> 00:30:48.130
"So he drew,"

00:30:48.130 --> 00:30:52.130
meaning the owner of the sword pulled it out of its scabbard.

00:30:52.130 --> 00:30:54.130
"Tested in action,"

00:30:54.130 --> 00:30:57.160
meaning tried and proven in battle and warfare.

00:30:57.160 --> 00:30:59.160
"So he enabled him to take it,"

00:30:59.160 --> 00:31:02.160
meaning it came into the possession of Abu Basir (may Allah be pleased with him).

00:31:02.160 --> 00:31:03.160
"He grew cold,"

00:31:03.160 --> 00:31:05.160
meaning he died.

00:31:05.160 --> 00:31:06.160
"In terror,"

00:31:06.160 --> 00:31:08.160
meaning in extreme fright and panic.

00:31:08.160 --> 00:31:09.220
"A young maiden ('atiq)"

00:31:09.220 --> 00:31:13.220
is a young girl who has just reached puberty.

00:31:13.220 --> 00:31:15.220
"Allah has fulfilled your obligation,"

00:31:15.220 --> 00:31:20.259
meaning there is no blame on you from them regarding what I have done.

00:31:20.259 --> 00:31:22.259
"Woe to his mother!"

00:31:22.259 --> 00:31:23.259
The expression of woe here

00:31:23.259 --> 00:31:26.259
is used in admiration of his daring courage in war,

00:31:26.259 --> 00:31:30.289
his igniting of its flames, and his swift readiness to wage it.

00:31:30.289 --> 00:31:31.289
"Kindler of war"

00:31:31.289 --> 00:31:32.289
The "kindler" (al-mis'ar):

00:31:32.289 --> 00:31:35.289
The piece of wood used to stir up a fire.

00:31:35.289 --> 00:31:37.289
"If only he had anyone with him"

00:31:37.289 --> 00:31:41.289
Meaning: if only he found someone to support and assist him.

00:31:41.289 --> 00:31:42.289
"The seashore" (Sayf al-bahr)

00:31:42.289 --> 00:31:44.289
Meaning: its coast.

00:31:44.289 --> 00:31:46.289
"He slipped away from them"

00:31:46.289 --> 00:31:48.289
Meaning: he escaped from them.

00:31:48.289 --> 00:31:49.289
"A band" ('isabah)

00:31:49.289 --> 00:31:51.289
Meaning: a group.

00:31:51.289 --> 00:31:52.289
"A camel caravan" (ba'ir)

00:31:52.289 --> 00:31:53.289
Meaning: a caravan.

00:31:53.289 --> 00:31:55.289
"Beseeching him"

00:31:55.289 --> 00:31:56.289
Meaning: entreating him.

00:31:56.289 --> 00:31:59.289
“And He it is Who hath withheld men's hands from you, and hath withheld your hands from them, in the valley of Mecca, after He had made you victors over them. Allah is Seer of what ye do.” (48:24)

00:31:59.289 --> 00:32:02.289
Meaning: after you had gained power over them.

00:32:02.289 --> 00:32:05.289
"Chauvinism, the chauvinism of the Pre-Islamic Era (Jahiliyyah)"

00:32:05.289 --> 00:32:08.289
As they arrogantly refused to submit to the truth

00:32:08.289 --> 00:32:11.289
Due to matters of Jahiliyyah.

00:32:11.289 --> 00:32:12.289
"They did not acknowledge"

00:32:12.289 --> 00:32:15.289
Meaning: they did not admit and did not believe.

00:32:15.289 --> 00:32:18.700
Among the benefits derived from the hadith:

00:32:18.700 --> 00:32:21.440
It is derived from the hadith:

00:32:21.440 --> 00:32:26.440
The permissibility of making a peace treaty with enemy combatants for a specified period;

00:32:26.440 --> 00:32:29.440
The legitimacy of writing down the stipulations

00:32:29.440 --> 00:32:34.440
Concluded between Muslims and polytheists and having witnesses testify to them,

00:32:34.440 --> 00:32:40.440
So that it serves as proof against whoever intends to breach it or renege on it;

00:32:40.440 --> 00:32:45.440
The legitimacy of concealing movements from the vanguards of the polytheists and taking them by surprise with the army,

00:32:45.440 --> 00:32:49.440
And catching them off guard once the message of Islam has reached them;

00:32:49.440 --> 00:32:52.440
The permissibility of taking the army off the beaten track,

00:32:52.440 --> 00:32:55.440
Even if that involves hardship;

00:32:55.440 --> 00:32:59.440
The affirmation of the blessing of favoring the right side in all matters;

00:32:59.440 --> 00:33:04.440
The recommendation of contemplating extraordinary events

00:33:04.440 --> 00:33:07.440
And reflecting upon the divine patterns (Sunan) among past nations;

00:33:07.440 --> 00:33:11.440
The veneration of the sacred sanctities of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic;

00:33:11.440 --> 00:33:16.440
Mention of the name of the Prophet's camel, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

00:33:16.440 --> 00:33:19.440
That the hadith is among the signs of prophethood (A'lam al-Nubuwwah);

00:33:19.440 --> 00:33:21.440
The miracle of the spring of water gushing forth;

00:33:22.440 --> 00:33:27.440
The blessing of a weapon carried in the cause of Allah, the Exalted and Majestic;

00:33:27.440 --> 00:33:33.440
That it is obligatory upon the ruler's companions to heed his command and assist him;

00:33:33.440 --> 00:33:37.440
That whoever makes a truce or verbally enters an agreement on something,

00:33:37.440 --> 00:33:41.440
And then the other party fails to fulfill it, has the right to rescind it;

00:33:41.440 --> 00:33:46.440
The permissibility of academic disputation and questioning until the meanings become clear;

00:33:46.440 --> 00:33:52.440
The permissibility of describing someone who rejects the truth after it has become clear as foolish;

00:33:52.440 --> 00:33:55.440
That speech is to be construed as general ('amm)

00:33:55.440 --> 00:33:58.440
Until evidence of specificity (takhsis) is established,

00:33:58.440 --> 00:34:02.440
So whoever swears an oath to perform an act without setting a timeframe,

00:34:02.440 --> 00:34:05.440
Its timeframe is the span of his lifetime;

00:34:05.440 --> 00:34:10.539
The legitimacy of consulting virtuous women of sound judgment;

00:34:10.539 --> 00:34:14.539
That whoever comes to a land other than that of the Imam,

00:34:14.539 --> 00:34:17.539
The Imam is not obligated to extradite him;

00:34:17.539 --> 00:34:23.539
The legitimacy of people standing beside the Imam with swords drawn out of fear of the enemy;

00:34:23.539 --> 00:34:26.539
That if someone behaves rudely toward the Imam,

00:34:26.539 --> 00:34:30.539
The guard standing by must stop that behavior by whatever means possible;

00:34:30.539 --> 00:34:36.539
Demonstration of the superiority of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) over 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him),

00:34:36.539 --> 00:34:41.539
In that his response matched the response of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

00:34:41.539 --> 00:34:45.539
The permissibility of a person traveling alone out of necessity;

00:34:45.539 --> 00:34:50.539
The permissibility of judging something based on its known, accustomed habit;

00:34:50.539 --> 00:34:56.539
The permissibility of acting regarding someone else's property for their benefit without their explicit permission,

00:34:56.539 --> 00:35:00.539
If there was prior indication of their consent to it;

00:35:00.539 --> 00:35:04.539
The legitimacy of emphasizing speech with an oath

00:35:04.539 --> 00:35:07.539
So that it is more conducive to acceptance;

00:35:07.539 --> 00:35:12.539
The permissibility of seeking counsel from some non-Muslims under treaty (Mu'ahadun) and Dhimmis,

00:35:12.539 --> 00:35:15.539
If circumstantial evidence indicates their sincerity

00:35:15.539 --> 00:35:19.539
And experience demonstrates their preference for the Muslims over others,

00:35:19.539 --> 00:35:22.539
Even if they are of their own religion;

00:35:22.539 --> 00:35:28.539
Some scholars deduced from this hadith the ritual purity of mucus and detached hair;

00:35:28.539 --> 00:35:32.539
The permissibility of seeking the counsel of some enemy rulers

00:35:32.539 --> 00:35:34.539
To gain an advantage over others,

00:35:34.539 --> 00:35:37.539
And this is not considered forbidden allegiance (Muwalat) to the disbelievers

00:35:37.539 --> 00:35:40.539
Nor affection for the enemies of Allah the Exalted,

00:35:40.539 --> 00:35:47.539
But rather a form of utilizing them, weakening their united front, and pitting them against one another;

00:35:47.539 --> 00:35:52.539
This does not necessarily imply the permissibility of seeking assistance from polytheists in absolute terms;

00:35:52.539 --> 00:35:58.539
That if a combatant (Harbi) damages the property of another combatant, he is not liable for compensation;

00:35:58.539 --> 00:36:03.539
The permissibility of seeking blessings (Tabarruk) from the physical relics of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him;

00:36:03.539 --> 00:36:09.539
The legitimacy of beginning correspondence and legal documents with the Basmalah;

00:36:09.539 --> 00:36:12.539
The permissibility of deception in war,

00:36:12.539 --> 00:36:16.539
And feigning the intention to do something while intending something else;

00:36:16.539 --> 00:36:22.570
That many of the polytheists used to venerate the sanctities of Ihram and the Sacred Sanctuary,

00:36:22.570 --> 00:36:25.570
And condemned anyone who barred people from them,

00:36:25.570 --> 00:36:30.570
Adhering to the remaining vestiges of the religion of Abraham, peace be upon him;

00:36:30.570 --> 00:36:34.599
The legitimacy of taking a good omen (Tafa'ul) upon hearing a good name;

00:36:34.599 --> 00:36:40.599
Demonstration of the virtue of Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and the soundness of her intellect;

00:36:40.599 --> 00:36:47.599
That an action, when coupled with speech, is more impactful than mere speech alone,

00:36:47.599 --> 00:36:51.599
Though it does not mean that action is always more impactful than speech in absolute terms;

00:36:51.599 --> 00:36:54.599
Demonstration of the virtue of mutual consultation (Shura);

00:36:54.599 --> 00:36:58.599
The application of the term 'depravity' (Fujur) to one whose habit is treachery;

00:36:58.599 --> 00:37:03.630
That a Muslim who comes from the Abode of War (Dar al-Harb) during a truce

00:37:03.630 --> 00:37:07.630
May kill whoever comes demanding his extradition if that was stipulated for them,

00:37:07.630 --> 00:37:15.630
Because the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not disapprove of Abu Basir's killing of the 'Amiri man,

00:37:15.630 --> 00:37:18.630
Nor did he order retribution (Qisas) or blood money (Diyah) for it;

00:37:18.630 --> 00:37:25.630
That a pilgrim may fight whoever bars him from the Sacred House, such as an enemy or highway robber;

00:37:25.630 --> 00:37:29.630
That Hajj is not obligatory upon him to complete if he is prevented from it,

00:37:29.630 --> 00:37:34.630
And he is excused if he is prevented from achieving his intention despite striving for it;

00:37:34.630 --> 00:37:40.630
The permissibility of making a peace treaty with polytheists containing some terms unfavorable to Muslims

00:37:40.630 --> 00:37:44.630
For an overriding public interest (Maslahah Rajihah) and to ward off a greater evil,

00:37:44.630 --> 00:37:49.630
Which embodies the principle of warding off the greater of two harms by enduring the lesser one;

00:37:49.630 --> 00:37:53.630
Guidance toward employing gentleness in all matters,

00:37:53.630 --> 00:37:58.630
And diplomatic courtesy (Mudarah) with people in ways that do not harm a Muslim's religion,

00:37:58.630 --> 00:38:04.630
Provided such gentleness does not nullify a right belonging to Allah, Exalted is He;

00:38:04.630 --> 00:38:08.699
The legitimacy of writing an opening formula in legal documents,

00:38:08.699 --> 00:38:14.699
Such as deeds of property, bridal dower, manumission, endowment (Waqf), wills, and the like:

00:38:14.699 --> 00:38:18.699
"This is what so-and-so bought," or "This is what he gave as dower,"

00:38:18.699 --> 00:38:21.699
"Or endowed," or "manumitted," and the like;

00:38:22.820 --> 00:38:28.820
That it is sufficient in legal documents to write the well-known conventional name without addition;

00:38:28.820 --> 00:38:35.980
Demonstration of the Companions' profound veneration for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

00:38:35.980 --> 00:38:37.980
And their exemplary etiquette with him;

00:38:37.980 --> 00:38:41.980
That the Imam and scholar should inform the prominent figures among his companions

00:38:41.980 --> 00:38:44.980
Of the important matters that happen to him,

00:38:44.980 --> 00:38:47.980
And send for them to notify them of that;

00:38:47.980 --> 00:38:52.980
Guidance in the hadith toward fulfilling covenants and contracts;

00:38:52.980 --> 00:38:56.980
The legitimacy of marking (Ish'ar) and garlanding (Taqlid) sacrificial animals (Hady);

00:38:56.980 --> 00:39:00.980
An indication in the hadith toward seeking forgiveness and offering an apology;

00:39:00.980 --> 00:39:03.980
Passing judgment on an absent party,

00:39:03.980 --> 00:39:08.980
And dealing with matters similar to what is entrusted to a person regarding money and other things;

00:39:08.980 --> 00:39:14.980
The permissibility of making peace and a truce with polytheists without taking financial tribute from them,

00:39:14.980 --> 00:39:17.980
If the Imam deems that to be justified;

00:39:17.980 --> 00:39:21.980
The hadith serves as proof for those who hold that the peace terms

00:39:21.980 --> 00:39:25.980
Applied only to men and not to women;

00:39:25.980 --> 00:39:28.980
That international treaties

00:39:28.980 --> 00:39:32.980
And matters of Sharia-compliant statecraft (Siyasah Shar'iyyah) are vested in the Imam;

00:39:32.980 --> 00:39:37.980
That the Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah was among the greatest Islamic conquests;

00:39:37.980 --> 00:39:42.980
The permissibility of modifying or annulling one of the terms of a treaty

00:39:42.980 --> 00:39:45.980
By mutual consent of both parties for a greater benefit;

00:39:45.980 --> 00:39:48.980
And the prohibition of the chauvinism of Jahiliyyah.