1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:03,480 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:06,379 The Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,379 --> 00:00:09,580 for Humanities Research and Studies 4 00:00:09,580 --> 00:00:10,880 presents 5 00:00:10,880 --> 00:00:16,179 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari: 6 00:00:16,179 --> 00:00:19,929 The Book of Sales. 7 00:00:19,929 --> 00:00:23,679 When Imam al-Bukhari completed the explanation of the acts of worship, 8 00:00:23,679 --> 00:00:26,679 the primary purpose of which is the attainment of reward in the Hereafter, 9 00:00:26,679 --> 00:00:29,179 he commenced with the exposition of commercial transactions, 10 00:00:29,179 --> 00:00:32,179 the primary purpose of which is worldly livelihood. 11 00:00:32,179 --> 00:00:35,179 Thus, he prioritized the objectives of the Hereafter over those of this world. 12 00:00:37,750 --> 00:00:40,750 Chapter: What has been related regarding the words of Allah, Exalted is He: 13 00:00:40,750 --> 00:00:42,750 "And when the prayer has been concluded, 14 00:00:42,750 --> 00:00:44,750 disperse within the land 15 00:00:44,750 --> 00:00:46,750 and seek from the bounty of Allah." 16 00:00:46,750 --> 00:00:49,490 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 17 00:00:49,490 --> 00:00:51,490 who said: 18 00:00:51,490 --> 00:00:54,490 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf arrived among us, 19 00:00:54,490 --> 00:00:57,490 and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established a bond of brotherhood 20 00:00:57,490 --> 00:01:00,490 between him and Sa'd ibn al-Rabi'. 21 00:01:00,490 --> 00:01:02,490 Sa'd was a man of abundant wealth, 22 00:01:02,490 --> 00:01:04,489 so he said to him: 23 00:01:04,489 --> 00:01:08,489 "The Ansar well know that I am among the wealthiest of them. 24 00:01:08,489 --> 00:01:12,489 I shall divide my wealth into two equal halves between you and me. 25 00:01:12,489 --> 00:01:14,489 Moreover, I have two wives; 26 00:01:14,489 --> 00:01:16,489 look and see which of the two pleases you more, 27 00:01:16,489 --> 00:01:18,489 and I shall divorce her for you." 28 00:01:18,489 --> 00:01:20,620 In another narration: 29 00:01:20,620 --> 00:01:22,620 "Look and see which of my two wives you desire, 30 00:01:22,620 --> 00:01:24,620 and I will step down from her for you, 31 00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:26,680 so that once she completes her waiting period, 32 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:28,680 you may marry her." 33 00:01:28,680 --> 00:01:30,739 Thereupon, 'Abd al-Rahman replied: 34 00:01:30,739 --> 00:01:33,739 "May Allah bless you in your family." 35 00:01:33,739 --> 00:01:35,739 In another narration: 36 00:01:35,739 --> 00:01:37,739 "May Allah bless you in your family and your wealth. 37 00:01:37,739 --> 00:01:39,739 Just direct me to the marketplace." 38 00:01:39,739 --> 00:01:41,739 And in another narration: 39 00:01:41,739 --> 00:01:43,739 "Is there a marketplace where commerce is conducted?" 40 00:01:43,739 --> 00:01:45,739 Sa'd replied: 41 00:01:45,739 --> 00:01:47,739 "The marketplace of Qaynuqa'." 42 00:01:47,739 --> 00:01:49,739 Anas said: 43 00:01:49,739 --> 00:01:51,739 So 'Abd al-Rahman set out for it the next morning, 44 00:01:51,739 --> 00:01:53,780 and he did not return that day 45 00:01:53,780 --> 00:01:55,780 without having earned a profit 46 00:01:55,780 --> 00:01:57,780 of dried curd and clarified butter. 47 00:01:57,780 --> 00:01:59,900 Only a short time passed 48 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:01,900 before he came to the Messenger of Allah 49 00:02:01,900 --> 00:02:03,900 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 50 00:02:03,900 --> 00:02:05,900 bearing traces 51 00:02:05,900 --> 00:02:08,030 of yellow perfume. 52 00:02:08,030 --> 00:02:10,030 In another narration: 53 00:02:10,030 --> 00:02:12,030 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saw upon him 54 00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:14,030 the cheerful glow of a bridegroom. 55 00:02:14,030 --> 00:02:16,030 So the Messenger of Allah 56 00:02:16,030 --> 00:02:18,030 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked him: 57 00:02:18,030 --> 00:02:20,030 "Mahyam (What is this)?" 58 00:02:20,030 --> 00:02:22,030 In another narration: 59 00:02:22,030 --> 00:02:24,259 "Mahyam," or "Mah?" 60 00:02:24,259 --> 00:02:26,259 And in another narration: 61 00:02:26,259 --> 00:02:28,319 "Have you married?" 62 00:02:28,319 --> 00:02:30,319 He replied: "I have married a woman from the Ansar." 63 00:02:30,319 --> 00:02:32,349 The Prophet asked: 64 00:02:32,349 --> 00:02:34,349 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?" 65 00:02:34,349 --> 00:02:36,379 He replied: 66 00:02:36,379 --> 00:02:38,379 "The weight of a date-stone in gold," 67 00:02:38,379 --> 00:02:40,379 or "a date-stone's weight of gold." 68 00:02:40,379 --> 00:02:42,419 The Prophet said: 69 00:02:42,419 --> 00:02:44,419 In another narration: 70 00:02:44,419 --> 00:02:46,419 "May Allah bless you! 71 00:02:46,419 --> 00:02:48,419 Host a wedding feast (walimah), even if with just a single sheep." 72 00:02:48,419 --> 00:02:51,219 Commentary on the hadith: 73 00:02:51,219 --> 00:02:53,500 "Arrived" (qadima): 74 00:02:53,500 --> 00:02:55,500 meaning he arrived as an emigrant (Muhajir). 75 00:02:55,500 --> 00:02:57,500 "He established brotherhood" (akha): 76 00:02:57,500 --> 00:02:59,500 It refers to forging a brotherly bond between two individuals, 77 00:02:59,500 --> 00:03:01,500 establishing a mutual pact between them 78 00:03:01,500 --> 00:03:03,500 akin to kinship by blood. 79 00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:05,500 "Shatrayn": 80 00:03:05,500 --> 00:03:07,500 meaning two equal halves. 81 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:09,500 "Whichever of the two pleases you more" (a'jabahuma): 82 00:03:09,500 --> 00:03:11,500 meaning whichever woman appeals to you. 83 00:03:11,500 --> 00:03:13,500 "Once she completes her waiting period" (idha hallat): 84 00:03:13,500 --> 00:03:15,569 meaning once her 'iddah has expired. 85 00:03:15,569 --> 00:03:17,569 "Your family" (ahluk): meaning your wife. 86 00:03:17,569 --> 00:03:19,569 "Earned a profit" (afdala): 87 00:03:19,569 --> 00:03:21,729 meaning he gained a surplus or profit. 88 00:03:21,729 --> 00:03:23,729 "Aqt": 89 00:03:23,729 --> 00:03:25,729 a food prepared from curdled milk that has been dried. 90 00:03:25,729 --> 00:03:27,729 "Only a short time passed" (falam yalbath): 91 00:03:27,729 --> 00:03:29,729 meaning he did not stay or wait long. 92 00:03:29,729 --> 00:03:31,729 "Yasiran": 93 00:03:31,729 --> 00:03:33,949 meaning for only a brief period of time. 94 00:03:33,949 --> 00:03:35,949 "You desire" (hawayta): meaning you fancy or want. 95 00:03:35,949 --> 00:03:37,949 "I will step down from her for you" (nazaltu laka 'anha): 96 00:03:37,949 --> 00:03:40,340 meaning I will divorce her so you may have her. 97 00:03:40,340 --> 00:03:42,340 "Traces of yellow perfume" (wadarun min sufrah): 98 00:03:42,340 --> 00:03:44,340 meaning smeared with khaluq or perfume 99 00:03:44,340 --> 00:03:46,340 that possesses a yellowish color, 100 00:03:46,340 --> 00:03:48,560 which is saffron. 101 00:03:48,560 --> 00:03:50,560 "Mahyam": 102 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:52,560 meaning: "What is this?" 103 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:54,620 and "What has happened with you?" 104 00:03:54,620 --> 00:03:56,620 She was the daughter of Anas ibn Rafi'. 105 00:03:56,620 --> 00:03:58,750 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?" (ma suqta ilayha): 106 00:03:58,750 --> 00:04:00,750 meaning how much did you give her as a mahr? 107 00:04:00,750 --> 00:04:02,849 "The weight of a date-stone" (waznu nawat): 108 00:04:02,849 --> 00:04:06,849 Its measure is three dirhams and one-third, 109 00:04:06,849 --> 00:04:08,849 which equals approximately ten grams, 110 00:04:08,849 --> 00:04:10,849 though some say slightly more 111 00:04:10,849 --> 00:04:13,039 and others say slightly less. 112 00:04:13,039 --> 00:04:15,039 "Host a wedding feast" (awlim): 113 00:04:15,039 --> 00:04:17,040 The walimah is the celebratory wedding meal. 114 00:04:17,040 --> 00:04:19,040 "The cheerful glow of a bridegroom" (bashashat al-'urs): 115 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:21,329 meaning the joyful aura, marks, and elegance of marriage. 116 00:04:21,329 --> 00:04:23,329 Key benefits derived from the hadith: 117 00:04:23,329 --> 00:04:26,189 It is deduced from this hadith that 118 00:04:26,189 --> 00:04:28,189 there is no harm in an honorable, noble person 119 00:04:28,189 --> 00:04:30,189 engaging in market commerce through selling 120 00:04:30,189 --> 00:04:32,189 and buying, 121 00:04:32,189 --> 00:04:34,189 and thereby maintaining self-sufficiency and dignity from taking 122 00:04:34,189 --> 00:04:36,189 money or donations offered by others. 123 00:04:36,189 --> 00:04:38,290 It also demonstrates personal discipline and strenuous effort 124 00:04:38,290 --> 00:04:40,290 in securing one's own livelihood. 125 00:04:40,290 --> 00:04:42,290 Furthermore, it shows that earning a living 126 00:04:42,290 --> 00:04:44,290 through trades and crafts is far more aligned 127 00:04:44,290 --> 00:04:46,290 with moral uprightness and integrity than living 128 00:04:46,290 --> 00:04:48,290 off gifts, charitable offerings, 129 00:04:48,290 --> 00:04:50,319 and similar handouts. 130 00:04:50,319 --> 00:04:52,319 It also clarifies the virtue and barakah of enterprise. 131 00:04:52,319 --> 00:04:54,319 Additionally, it highlights brotherhood established for mutual cooperation 132 00:04:54,319 --> 00:04:56,319 in obeying the commands of Allah, Exalted is He. 133 00:04:56,319 --> 00:04:58,319 It also illustrates that among 134 00:04:58,319 --> 00:05:00,319 the essential obligations of true brotherhood 135 00:05:00,319 --> 00:05:02,319 is for a brother to assist his brother 136 00:05:02,319 --> 00:05:06,300 in his worldly affairs. 137 00:05:06,300 --> 00:05:08,300 Chapter: The Explanation of Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat). 138 00:05:08,300 --> 00:05:10,720 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 139 00:05:10,720 --> 00:05:12,720 who said: 140 00:05:12,720 --> 00:05:14,720 'Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas 141 00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:16,720 had entrusted to his brother Sa'd 142 00:05:16,720 --> 00:05:18,720 ibn Abi Waqqas: 143 00:05:18,720 --> 00:05:20,720 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah is fathered by me, 144 00:05:20,720 --> 00:05:22,720 so take custody of him." 145 00:05:22,720 --> 00:05:24,939 'A'ishah continued: 146 00:05:24,939 --> 00:05:26,939 When the year of the Conquest of Makkah arrived, 147 00:05:26,939 --> 00:05:28,939 Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas took him 148 00:05:28,939 --> 00:05:30,939 and said: 149 00:05:30,939 --> 00:05:32,939 "He is my brother's son; he entrusted him 150 00:05:32,939 --> 00:05:35,009 to my custody." 151 00:05:35,009 --> 00:05:37,009 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah arose and protested: 152 00:05:37,009 --> 00:05:39,009 "He is my brother and the son of my father's bondwoman; 153 00:05:39,009 --> 00:05:41,009 he was born upon his bed!" 154 00:05:41,009 --> 00:05:43,069 So they brought their dispute 155 00:05:43,069 --> 00:05:45,069 before the Prophet (peace be upon him). 156 00:05:45,069 --> 00:05:47,069 Sa'd argued: 157 00:05:47,069 --> 00:05:49,069 "O Messenger of Allah, 158 00:05:49,069 --> 00:05:51,069 he is my brother's son; 159 00:05:51,069 --> 00:05:53,069 he instructed me regarding him." 160 00:05:53,069 --> 00:05:55,069 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah asserted: 161 00:05:55,069 --> 00:05:57,069 "He is my brother and the son of 162 00:05:57,069 --> 00:05:59,069 my father's bondwoman, born upon 163 00:05:59,069 --> 00:06:01,100 his bed." Thereupon, 164 00:06:01,100 --> 00:06:03,100 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 165 00:06:03,100 --> 00:06:05,100 "He is yours, 166 00:06:05,100 --> 00:06:07,300 O 'Abd ibn Zam'ah!" 167 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:09,300 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) 168 00:06:09,300 --> 00:06:11,300 added: 169 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:13,300 "The child belongs to the marriage bed, 170 00:06:13,300 --> 00:06:15,550 while the adulterer is entitled only to stones." 171 00:06:15,550 --> 00:06:17,550 Then he instructed Sawdah 172 00:06:17,550 --> 00:06:19,550 bint Zam'ah, the wife of the Prophet 173 00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:21,550 (peace be upon him): 174 00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:23,550 "Observe the veil before him," 175 00:06:23,550 --> 00:06:25,550 because he observed the unmistakable resemblance 176 00:06:25,550 --> 00:06:27,550 to 'Utbah. Consequently, he never saw her 177 00:06:27,550 --> 00:06:30,259 until he met Allah. 178 00:06:30,259 --> 00:06:32,259 Commentary on the hadith: 179 00:06:32,259 --> 00:06:34,740 Chapter: The Explanation of 180 00:06:34,740 --> 00:06:36,740 Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat): 181 00:06:36,740 --> 00:06:38,740 Dubious matters and ambiguous affairs refer to 182 00:06:38,740 --> 00:06:40,740 anything that bears resemblance 183 00:06:40,740 --> 00:06:42,740 to the lawful from one perspective, and to the unlawful 184 00:06:42,740 --> 00:06:44,930 from another. 185 00:06:44,930 --> 00:06:46,930 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah": 186 00:06:46,930 --> 00:06:48,930 The walidah is the female slave (jariyah). 187 00:06:48,930 --> 00:06:50,930 The child over whom they disputed 188 00:06:50,930 --> 00:06:52,930 was named 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zam'ah 189 00:06:52,930 --> 00:06:54,930 ibn Qays. 190 00:06:54,930 --> 00:06:55,930 "Fa-qbidh": 191 00:06:55,930 --> 00:06:57,930 meaning: take custody of him. 192 00:06:57,930 --> 00:06:58,930 "'Ahida ilayya": 193 00:06:58,930 --> 00:07:00,990 meaning: he bequeathed and entrusted this to me. 194 00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:02,990 "Fa-tasaqa": 195 00:07:02,990 --> 00:07:04,990 meaning: after disputing and contending with each other 196 00:07:04,990 --> 00:07:06,990 regarding his status, they proceeded together 197 00:07:06,990 --> 00:07:08,990 to the Prophet (peace be upon him). 198 00:07:08,990 --> 00:07:11,120 "The child belongs to the marriage bed" (al-waladu li-l-firash): 199 00:07:11,120 --> 00:07:13,120 Meaning the lineage of the child. 200 00:07:13,120 --> 00:07:15,120 It is attributed to the owner of the bed. 201 00:07:15,120 --> 00:07:17,120 And for the adulterer is the stone [i.e., deprivation/punishment]. 202 00:07:17,120 --> 00:07:19,120 Meaning, for the one who commits illicit sexual relations, there is only disappointment. 203 00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:21,120 And he has no claim to the child. 204 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:23,120 It has been said: 205 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:25,120 For the adulterer is the stoning. 206 00:07:25,120 --> 00:07:27,470 Among the benefits 207 00:07:27,470 --> 00:07:30,529 of the hadith: 208 00:07:30,529 --> 00:07:32,529 It is derived from the hadith 209 00:07:32,529 --> 00:07:34,529 that judgment is based on outward appearances. 210 00:07:34,529 --> 00:07:36,529 Because he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 211 00:07:36,529 --> 00:07:38,529 ruled regarding the child based on the marital bed. 212 00:07:38,529 --> 00:07:40,529 And he did not pay attention to physical resemblance. 213 00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:42,560 And in this is that the ruling of the judge 214 00:07:42,560 --> 00:07:44,560 is based on the apparent. 215 00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:46,560 It does not resolve the matter in the inward reality. 216 00:07:46,560 --> 00:07:48,560 Due to his command, peace be upon him, 217 00:07:48,560 --> 00:07:50,560 to Sawdah, may Allah be pleased with her, 218 00:07:50,560 --> 00:07:54,379 to observe hijab. 219 00:07:54,379 --> 00:07:56,379 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided due to doubts. 220 00:07:56,379 --> 00:07:58,829 From Anas, 221 00:07:58,829 --> 00:08:00,829 may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 222 00:08:00,829 --> 00:08:02,829 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed 223 00:08:02,829 --> 00:08:04,829 by a date 224 00:08:04,829 --> 00:08:06,829 on the road. 225 00:08:06,829 --> 00:08:08,829 He said, "Were it not that I 226 00:08:08,829 --> 00:08:10,829 fear it might be from the charity (sadaqah), 227 00:08:10,829 --> 00:08:13,310 I would have eaten it." 228 00:08:13,310 --> 00:08:15,310 Commentary on the hadith: 229 00:08:15,310 --> 00:08:17,759 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided. 230 00:08:17,759 --> 00:08:19,759 Avoided due to doubts. 231 00:08:19,759 --> 00:08:21,759 Meaning, they are to be guarded against and abandoned. 232 00:08:21,759 --> 00:08:23,759 "I fear," 233 00:08:23,759 --> 00:08:26,209 meaning, I am apprehensive. 234 00:08:26,209 --> 00:08:29,009 Among the benefits of the hadith: 235 00:08:29,009 --> 00:08:31,009 It is derived from the hadith 236 00:08:31,009 --> 00:08:33,009 that if a doubt arises 237 00:08:33,009 --> 00:08:35,009 regarding a permissible matter, 238 00:08:35,009 --> 00:08:37,009 then safety lies in abandoning it as a precaution. 239 00:08:37,009 --> 00:08:39,009 And in the hadith 240 00:08:39,009 --> 00:08:41,009 is an indication of the permissibility 241 00:08:41,009 --> 00:08:43,009 of eating a small amount of found property (luqta), 242 00:08:43,009 --> 00:08:45,009 and it is not required to announce it, 243 00:08:45,009 --> 00:08:47,009 nor to return it to its owners. 244 00:08:47,009 --> 00:08:51,090 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers 245 00:08:51,090 --> 00:08:53,090 and similar things as doubts. 246 00:08:53,090 --> 00:08:55,440 From 'Aishah, 247 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:57,440 she said: 248 00:08:57,440 --> 00:08:59,440 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 249 00:08:59,440 --> 00:09:01,440 there are people here who have recently 250 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:03,440 come out of disbelief, 251 00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:05,440 bringing us meat; 252 00:09:05,440 --> 00:09:07,440 we do not know if they mention the name of Allah 253 00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:09,440 over it or not." 254 00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:11,470 He said, 255 00:09:11,470 --> 00:09:13,470 "Mention the name of Allah yourselves, 256 00:09:13,470 --> 00:09:16,110 and eat." 257 00:09:16,110 --> 00:09:18,659 Commentary on the hadith: 258 00:09:18,659 --> 00:09:20,659 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers 259 00:09:20,659 --> 00:09:22,659 and similar things as doubts. 260 00:09:22,659 --> 00:09:24,659 "Whispers" (waswas) 261 00:09:24,659 --> 00:09:26,659 is what Satan casts into the heart. 262 00:09:26,659 --> 00:09:28,659 "Meat" (lihman), 263 00:09:28,659 --> 00:09:30,690 the plural of meat (lahm). 264 00:09:30,690 --> 00:09:32,690 "We do not know," 265 00:09:32,690 --> 00:09:34,690 meaning, we are not aware. 266 00:09:34,690 --> 00:09:36,690 “And they say: Such cattle and crops are forbidden. No-one is to eat of them save whom we will - in their make-believe - cattle whose backs are forbidden, cattle over which they mention not the name of Allah. (All that is) a lie against Him. He will repay them for that which they invent.” (6:138) 267 00:09:36,690 --> 00:09:38,879 Meaning, at the time of slaughtering. 268 00:09:38,879 --> 00:09:41,620 Among the benefits of the hadith: 269 00:09:41,620 --> 00:09:43,620 It is derived from the hadith 270 00:09:43,620 --> 00:09:45,620 the legitimacy of saying the basmalah 271 00:09:45,620 --> 00:09:47,620 when eating. 272 00:09:47,620 --> 00:09:49,620 The hadith is an argument for those who say 273 00:09:49,620 --> 00:09:51,620 it is permissible to eat meat for which the name of Allah was not mentioned 274 00:09:51,620 --> 00:09:55,700 at the time of slaughter. 275 00:09:55,700 --> 00:09:57,700 Chapter: Regarding one who does not care from where 276 00:09:57,700 --> 00:09:59,980 he earns wealth. 277 00:09:59,980 --> 00:10:01,980 From Abu Hurayrah, 278 00:10:01,980 --> 00:10:03,980 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 279 00:10:03,980 --> 00:10:05,980 he said: 280 00:10:05,980 --> 00:10:07,980 "A time will come upon the people 281 00:10:07,980 --> 00:10:09,980 when a person will not care how 282 00:10:09,980 --> 00:10:11,980 he acquires wealth, 283 00:10:11,980 --> 00:10:13,980 whether from a lawful source or an unlawful one." 284 00:10:13,980 --> 00:10:16,620 Commentary 285 00:10:16,620 --> 00:10:19,039 on the hadith: 286 00:10:19,039 --> 00:10:21,039 Meaning, he does not concern himself, 287 00:10:21,039 --> 00:10:23,039 nor does he ask, 288 00:10:23,039 --> 00:10:25,039 about how he acquired the wealth. 289 00:10:25,039 --> 00:10:27,039 Meaning, from whatever source he earned it. 290 00:10:27,039 --> 00:10:29,360 Among the benefits 291 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:32,190 of the hadith: 292 00:10:32,190 --> 00:10:34,190 The hadith is among the signs of Prophethood. 293 00:10:34,190 --> 00:10:36,190 And in it is a warning against the trial 294 00:10:36,190 --> 00:10:38,190 of wealth, and in it is 295 00:10:38,190 --> 00:10:40,190 an encouragement to earn lawfully. 296 00:10:40,190 --> 00:10:43,759 Chapter: Trade 297 00:10:43,759 --> 00:10:45,759 on land and otherwise. 298 00:10:45,759 --> 00:10:48,299 From Abu al-Minhal, 299 00:10:48,299 --> 00:10:50,299 he said: I used to trade 300 00:10:50,299 --> 00:10:52,299 in currency exchange (sarf). 301 00:10:52,299 --> 00:10:54,299 So I asked al-Bara' Ibn 'Azib 302 00:10:54,299 --> 00:10:56,299 and Zayd Ibn Arqam 303 00:10:56,299 --> 00:10:58,299 about currency exchange. 304 00:10:58,299 --> 00:11:00,299 They said: 305 00:11:00,299 --> 00:11:02,299 "We were traders during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 306 00:11:02,299 --> 00:11:04,299 We asked 307 00:11:04,299 --> 00:11:06,299 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 308 00:11:06,299 --> 00:11:08,299 about currency exchange. 309 00:11:08,299 --> 00:11:10,299 He said: 310 00:11:10,299 --> 00:11:12,299 'If it is hand-to-hand, 311 00:11:12,299 --> 00:11:14,299 then there is no harm. 312 00:11:14,299 --> 00:11:16,299 But if it is deferred, 313 00:11:16,299 --> 00:11:18,690 then it is not valid.'" 314 00:11:18,690 --> 00:11:20,690 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade 315 00:11:20,690 --> 00:11:22,690 selling gold 316 00:11:22,690 --> 00:11:24,690 for silver on credit. 317 00:11:24,690 --> 00:11:26,690 And in another narration: 318 00:11:26,690 --> 00:11:28,690 "Whatever is hand-to-hand, 319 00:11:28,690 --> 00:11:30,690 take it, 320 00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:32,690 and whatever is deferred, leave it." 321 00:11:33,230 --> 00:11:35,230 Commentary on the hadith: 322 00:11:35,230 --> 00:11:37,649 Chapter: Trade 323 00:11:37,649 --> 00:11:39,679 on land and otherwise. 324 00:11:39,679 --> 00:11:41,679 "On land" (barr), meaning the opposite of the sea. 325 00:11:41,679 --> 00:11:43,710 And it is said: 326 00:11:43,710 --> 00:11:45,710 "Baz" (with a zay), 327 00:11:45,710 --> 00:11:47,710 which refers specifically to fabrics. 328 00:11:47,710 --> 00:11:49,840 "I trade" (atjar), 329 00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:51,840 meaning I buy and sell. 330 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:53,840 "Currency exchange" (sarf), 331 00:11:53,840 --> 00:11:55,840 meaning the sale of money for money. 332 00:11:55,840 --> 00:11:57,840 "Hand-to-hand," 333 00:11:57,840 --> 00:11:59,840 meaning immediate exchange in the same session. 334 00:11:59,840 --> 00:12:01,840 "There is no harm," 335 00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:03,840 meaning it is permissible. 336 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:05,840 "Deferred" (nasa'), 337 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:07,840 meaning delayed or postponed. 338 00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:09,840 "It is not valid," 339 00:12:09,840 --> 00:12:11,840 meaning it is not permissible. 340 00:12:11,840 --> 00:12:13,840 "Leave it," 341 00:12:13,840 --> 00:12:15,840 meaning abandon it. 342 00:12:15,840 --> 00:12:17,840 Meaning, deferred and not received 343 00:12:17,840 --> 00:12:20,129 in the session of the contract. 344 00:12:20,129 --> 00:12:22,129 Among the benefits of the hadith: 345 00:12:22,129 --> 00:12:25,120 It is derived from the hadith 346 00:12:25,120 --> 00:12:27,120 that the default 347 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,120 in trade is permissibility. 348 00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:31,120 And in it is that it is not permissible 349 00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:33,120 to have any currency exchange on credit. 350 00:12:33,120 --> 00:12:35,120 Rather, it is only permissible 351 00:12:35,120 --> 00:12:39,100 hand-to-hand. 352 00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:41,100 Chapter: Going out for trade. 353 00:12:41,549 --> 00:12:43,549 From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, 354 00:12:43,549 --> 00:12:45,549 he said: 355 00:12:45,549 --> 00:12:47,549 I was in one of the gatherings 356 00:12:47,549 --> 00:12:49,549 of the Ansar, 357 00:12:49,549 --> 00:12:51,549 when Abu Musa came, appearing distressed. 358 00:12:51,549 --> 00:12:53,549 He said: 359 00:12:53,549 --> 00:12:55,549 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar three times, 360 00:12:55,549 --> 00:12:57,549 but I was not granted permission, 361 00:12:57,549 --> 00:12:59,549 so I returned." 362 00:12:59,549 --> 00:13:01,549 He ['Umar] said: 363 00:13:01,549 --> 00:13:03,549 "What prevented you?" 364 00:13:03,549 --> 00:13:05,549 I said: "I sought permission three times, 365 00:13:05,549 --> 00:13:07,549 but I was not granted permission, 366 00:13:07,549 --> 00:13:09,549 so I returned." 367 00:13:09,549 --> 00:13:11,549 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 368 00:13:11,549 --> 00:13:13,549 "If one of you seeks permission 369 00:13:13,549 --> 00:13:15,549 three times 370 00:13:15,549 --> 00:13:17,549 and is not granted permission, 371 00:13:17,549 --> 00:13:19,549 then let him return." 372 00:13:19,549 --> 00:13:21,549 He ['Umar] said: 373 00:13:21,549 --> 00:13:23,679 "By Allah, you must provide proof for this." 374 00:13:23,679 --> 00:13:25,679 In one narration: 375 00:13:25,679 --> 00:13:27,679 "Bring me proof for this, 376 00:13:27,679 --> 00:13:29,679 or I will punish you." 377 00:13:29,679 --> 00:13:31,740 "Is there anyone among you 378 00:13:31,740 --> 00:13:33,740 who heard it from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him?" 379 00:13:33,740 --> 00:13:35,740 Then said 380 00:13:35,740 --> 00:13:37,740 Ubayy Ibn Ka'b: 381 00:13:37,740 --> 00:13:39,740 "By Allah, no one shall stand 382 00:13:39,740 --> 00:13:41,740 with you except the youngest of the people." 383 00:13:41,740 --> 00:13:43,779 So I was the youngest of the people, 384 00:13:43,779 --> 00:13:45,779 and I stood with him. 385 00:13:45,779 --> 00:13:47,779 I informed 'Umar that the Prophet, 386 00:13:47,779 --> 00:13:49,779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 387 00:13:49,779 --> 00:13:51,940 said that. 388 00:13:51,940 --> 00:13:53,940 In one narration: 389 00:13:53,940 --> 00:13:55,940 'Umar said: 390 00:13:55,940 --> 00:13:57,940 "Has this been hidden from me regarding the matter of 391 00:13:57,940 --> 00:13:59,940 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him? 392 00:13:59,940 --> 00:14:01,940 I was distracted by trading 393 00:14:01,940 --> 00:14:04,509 in the markets." 394 00:14:04,509 --> 00:14:06,509 Commentary on the hadith: 395 00:14:06,509 --> 00:14:08,860 "Distressed" (madh'ur), 396 00:14:08,860 --> 00:14:10,860 meaning afraid. 397 00:14:10,860 --> 00:14:12,860 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar," 398 00:14:12,860 --> 00:14:14,860 Meaning, he sought permission to enter upon him. 399 00:14:14,860 --> 00:14:16,860 What prevented you? 400 00:14:16,860 --> 00:14:18,860 Meaning, from entering. 401 00:14:18,860 --> 00:14:20,860 With proof. 402 00:14:20,860 --> 00:14:23,379 Meaning, with evidence. 403 00:14:23,379 --> 00:14:26,299 Among the benefits of the hadith: 404 00:14:26,299 --> 00:14:28,299 It is derived from the hadith: 405 00:14:28,299 --> 00:14:30,299 That preoccupation with worldly affairs 406 00:14:30,299 --> 00:14:32,299 May prevent one from seeking knowledge. 407 00:14:32,299 --> 00:14:34,299 And the more one pursues it, 408 00:14:34,299 --> 00:14:36,299 The less knowledge one attains. 409 00:14:36,299 --> 00:14:38,299 It also contains the requirement to seek evidence, 410 00:14:38,299 --> 00:14:42,379 And to verify it. 411 00:14:42,379 --> 00:14:44,379 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: 412 00:14:44,379 --> 00:14:46,379 "Spend from 413 00:14:46,379 --> 00:14:48,379 The good things which you have earned." 414 00:14:48,379 --> 00:14:50,799 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 415 00:14:50,799 --> 00:14:52,799 May Allah be pleased with him, 416 00:14:52,799 --> 00:14:54,799 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 417 00:14:54,799 --> 00:14:56,799 Said: 418 00:14:56,799 --> 00:14:58,799 "It is not lawful for a woman 419 00:14:58,799 --> 00:15:00,799 To fast while her husband is present 420 00:15:00,799 --> 00:15:02,830 Except with his permission." 421 00:15:02,830 --> 00:15:04,830 "And she shall not permit anyone in his house 422 00:15:04,830 --> 00:15:06,830 Except with his permission." 423 00:15:06,830 --> 00:15:08,830 "And whatever she spends of expenditure 424 00:15:08,830 --> 00:15:10,830 Without his command," 425 00:15:10,830 --> 00:15:12,830 In one narration: 426 00:15:12,830 --> 00:15:14,830 "Without his consent," 427 00:15:14,830 --> 00:15:16,830 "Then it is rendered to him 428 00:15:16,830 --> 00:15:18,960 Half of it." 429 00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:20,960 In one narration: 430 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:23,629 "He receives half of its reward." 431 00:15:23,629 --> 00:15:26,110 Commentary on the hadith: 432 00:15:26,110 --> 00:15:28,110 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: 433 00:15:28,110 --> 00:15:30,110 "Spend from the good things 434 00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:32,110 Which you have earned." 435 00:15:32,110 --> 00:15:34,110 The Exalted commands His servants, 436 00:15:34,110 --> 00:15:36,110 The believers, to spend 437 00:15:36,110 --> 00:15:38,110 From the good things He has made easy for them 438 00:15:38,110 --> 00:15:40,179 Of earnings. 439 00:15:40,179 --> 00:15:42,179 "To fast": meaning a voluntary fast. 440 00:15:42,179 --> 00:15:44,179 "Present": meaning available. 441 00:15:44,179 --> 00:15:46,179 "Without his command": 442 00:15:46,179 --> 00:15:48,179 Meaning without the husband's order. 443 00:15:48,179 --> 00:15:50,179 "It is rendered to him half of it": 444 00:15:50,179 --> 00:15:52,179 Meaning, he is given half the wealth 445 00:15:52,179 --> 00:15:54,529 Of the spender. 446 00:15:54,529 --> 00:15:56,529 Among the benefits of the hadith: 447 00:15:56,529 --> 00:15:59,230 It is derived from the hadith: 448 00:15:59,230 --> 00:16:01,230 That a woman should not spend 449 00:16:01,230 --> 00:16:03,230 From her husband's wealth in excess 450 00:16:03,230 --> 00:16:05,230 Of what is customarily accepted. 451 00:16:05,230 --> 00:16:07,259 It also contains the avoidance 452 00:16:07,259 --> 00:16:09,259 Of that which stirs suspicion 453 00:16:09,259 --> 00:16:13,340 Between spouses. 454 00:16:13,340 --> 00:16:15,340 Chapter: Whoever loves to have his provision expanded. 455 00:16:15,340 --> 00:16:17,730 On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, 456 00:16:17,730 --> 00:16:19,730 May Allah be pleased with him, who said: 457 00:16:19,730 --> 00:16:21,730 I heard the Messenger of Allah, 458 00:16:21,730 --> 00:16:23,730 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 459 00:16:23,730 --> 00:16:25,730 Saying: 460 00:16:25,730 --> 00:16:27,730 "Whoever is pleased to have his provision expanded for him, 461 00:16:27,730 --> 00:16:29,730 Or to have his life prolonged 462 00:16:29,730 --> 00:16:31,730 In his legacy, 463 00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:34,429 Let him maintain his ties of kinship." 464 00:16:34,429 --> 00:16:36,429 Commentary on the hadith: 465 00:16:36,429 --> 00:16:39,009 "Pleased him": 466 00:16:39,009 --> 00:16:41,009 Meaning, brought him joy. 467 00:16:41,009 --> 00:16:43,009 "Expanded": meaning increased. 468 00:16:43,009 --> 00:16:45,009 "Prolonged for him": 469 00:16:45,009 --> 00:16:47,009 Meaning, delayed for him and increased 470 00:16:47,009 --> 00:16:49,009 In his legacy: 471 00:16:49,009 --> 00:16:51,009 Meaning, what remains of his life. 472 00:16:51,009 --> 00:16:53,009 "Let him maintain his ties of kinship": 473 00:16:53,009 --> 00:16:55,009 Maintaining ties of kinship 474 00:16:55,009 --> 00:16:57,009 Is to include one's relatives in good deeds. 475 00:16:57,009 --> 00:16:59,009 This may be through wealth, 476 00:16:59,009 --> 00:17:01,009 Or through service, visiting, 477 00:17:01,009 --> 00:17:03,330 And the like. 478 00:17:03,330 --> 00:17:05,329 Among the benefits of the hadith: 479 00:17:05,329 --> 00:17:08,099 It is derived from the hadith: 480 00:17:08,099 --> 00:17:10,099 That maintaining ties of kinship 481 00:17:10,099 --> 00:17:12,099 Is an increase and a blessing 482 00:17:12,099 --> 00:17:14,099 In provision and lifespan. 483 00:17:14,099 --> 00:17:16,099 The hadith also indicates that abundance of provision 484 00:17:16,099 --> 00:17:20,180 Is a form of happiness. 485 00:17:20,180 --> 00:17:22,180 Chapter: The Prophet's purchasing, 486 00:17:22,180 --> 00:17:24,180 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 487 00:17:24,180 --> 00:17:26,690 On credit. 488 00:17:26,690 --> 00:17:28,690 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 489 00:17:28,690 --> 00:17:30,690 She said: 490 00:17:30,690 --> 00:17:32,690 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, bought 491 00:17:32,690 --> 00:17:34,690 Food from a Jew 492 00:17:34,690 --> 00:17:36,819 On credit. 493 00:17:36,819 --> 00:17:38,880 In one narration: 494 00:17:38,880 --> 00:17:40,880 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, died 495 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:42,880 While his armor was mortgaged 496 00:17:42,880 --> 00:17:44,880 To a Jew 497 00:17:44,880 --> 00:17:46,880 For thirty sa' of barley. 498 00:17:46,880 --> 00:17:48,940 And he mortgaged it: 499 00:17:48,940 --> 00:17:51,519 A suit of iron armor of his. 500 00:17:51,519 --> 00:17:53,519 Commentary on the hadith: 501 00:17:53,519 --> 00:17:55,839 "Food": 502 00:17:55,839 --> 00:17:57,839 Meaning barley. 503 00:17:57,839 --> 00:17:59,839 "Jew": 504 00:17:59,839 --> 00:18:01,839 He is Abu al-Shahm. 505 00:18:01,839 --> 00:18:03,839 "On credit": 506 00:18:03,839 --> 00:18:05,839 Meaning until a known deadline. 507 00:18:05,839 --> 00:18:07,839 "And he mortgaged it": 508 00:18:07,839 --> 00:18:09,839 "Mortgage" (al-rahn): 509 00:18:09,839 --> 00:18:11,839 Is the holding of an asset by the creditor 510 00:18:11,839 --> 00:18:13,839 In case fulfillment of the debt is not possible. 511 00:18:13,839 --> 00:18:15,839 "Armor": 512 00:18:15,839 --> 00:18:17,839 This armor, 513 00:18:17,839 --> 00:18:20,099 It is said, was named 'Dhat al-Fudul'. 514 00:18:20,099 --> 00:18:22,099 Among the benefits of the hadith: 515 00:18:22,099 --> 00:18:24,960 It is derived from the hadith: 516 00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:26,960 The permissibility 517 00:18:26,960 --> 00:18:28,960 Of dealing with a Jew in permissible matters. 518 00:18:28,960 --> 00:18:30,960 It also contains the permissibility 519 00:18:30,960 --> 00:18:35,140 Of mortgaging while at home (not traveling). 520 00:18:35,140 --> 00:18:37,140 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 521 00:18:37,140 --> 00:18:39,140 That he walked with the Prophet, 522 00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:41,140 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 523 00:18:41,140 --> 00:18:43,140 With barley bread and fat 524 00:18:43,140 --> 00:18:45,259 That had turned rancid. 525 00:18:45,259 --> 00:18:47,259 And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did mortgage 526 00:18:47,259 --> 00:18:49,259 Armor of his in Madinah 527 00:18:49,259 --> 00:18:51,259 To a Jew, 528 00:18:51,259 --> 00:18:53,259 And took from him barley 529 00:18:53,259 --> 00:18:55,259 For his family. 530 00:18:55,259 --> 00:18:57,259 And I heard him say: 531 00:18:57,259 --> 00:18:59,259 "There did not remain with the family of Muhammad, 532 00:18:59,259 --> 00:19:01,259 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 533 00:19:01,259 --> 00:19:03,259 A sa' of wheat nor a sa' of grain," 534 00:19:03,259 --> 00:19:05,259 Even though he had 535 00:19:05,259 --> 00:19:07,869 Nine wives. 536 00:19:07,869 --> 00:19:09,869 Commentary on the hadith: 537 00:19:09,869 --> 00:19:12,420 "Walked": 538 00:19:12,420 --> 00:19:14,420 Meaning, he went. 539 00:19:14,420 --> 00:19:16,420 "Fat": meaning what is melted from suet 540 00:19:16,420 --> 00:19:18,420 Or from a sheep's tail and others. 541 00:19:18,420 --> 00:19:20,450 "Rancid": 542 00:19:20,450 --> 00:19:22,450 Meaning, changed in smell. 543 00:19:22,450 --> 00:19:24,450 "Jew": 544 00:19:24,450 --> 00:19:27,019 He is Abu al-Shahm. 545 00:19:27,019 --> 00:19:29,019 Among the benefits of the hadith: 546 00:19:29,019 --> 00:19:31,819 It is derived from the hadith: 547 00:19:31,819 --> 00:19:33,819 That there is no harm in a person mentioning 548 00:19:33,819 --> 00:19:35,819 That he does not have 549 00:19:35,819 --> 00:19:37,819 What sustains him, provided it is not 550 00:19:37,819 --> 00:19:39,819 In the manner of complaining or discontent. 551 00:19:39,819 --> 00:19:41,819 It also contains a description 552 00:19:41,819 --> 00:19:43,819 Of the state of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 553 00:19:43,819 --> 00:19:45,819 Regarding his austerity 554 00:19:45,819 --> 00:19:47,819 In worldly life. 555 00:19:47,819 --> 00:19:49,819 It also contains accepting what is available 556 00:19:49,819 --> 00:19:51,819 Of food. 557 00:19:51,819 --> 00:19:53,819 And it contains the scholar personally 558 00:19:53,819 --> 00:19:55,819 Purchasing his own needs, 559 00:19:55,819 --> 00:19:57,819 Even if he has someone who could suffice him. 560 00:19:57,819 --> 00:20:01,839 Chapter: A man's earning 561 00:20:01,839 --> 00:20:04,319 And his working with his own hands. 562 00:20:04,319 --> 00:20:06,319 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 563 00:20:06,319 --> 00:20:08,319 She said: 564 00:20:08,319 --> 00:20:10,319 When Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was made successor, 565 00:20:10,319 --> 00:20:12,319 He said: 566 00:20:12,319 --> 00:20:14,319 "My trade was not 567 00:20:14,319 --> 00:20:16,319 Incapable of providing for my family's needs, 568 00:20:16,319 --> 00:20:18,319 But I have been occupied with the affairs 569 00:20:18,319 --> 00:20:20,380 Of the Muslims. 570 00:20:20,380 --> 00:20:22,380 So the family of Abu Bakr shall eat 571 00:20:22,380 --> 00:20:24,380 From this wealth, 572 00:20:24,380 --> 00:20:26,380 And I shall trade for the Muslims with it." 573 00:20:26,380 --> 00:20:29,089 Commentary on the hadith: 574 00:20:29,089 --> 00:20:31,630 "Made successor": 575 00:20:31,630 --> 00:20:33,630 Meaning, he assumed the Caliphate. 576 00:20:33,630 --> 00:20:35,730 "My trade": 577 00:20:35,730 --> 00:20:37,730 Trade and working 578 00:20:37,730 --> 00:20:39,789 Is earning. 579 00:20:39,789 --> 00:20:41,789 "Was not incapable of providing for my family's needs": 580 00:20:41,789 --> 00:20:43,789 Meaning, it sufficed me and those I support, 581 00:20:43,789 --> 00:20:45,789 So we were not in need of anyone. 582 00:20:45,789 --> 00:20:47,920 "With the affairs of the Muslims": 583 00:20:47,920 --> 00:20:49,920 Meaning, by looking into their matters 584 00:20:49,920 --> 00:20:51,920 Because I am the Caliph. 585 00:20:51,920 --> 00:20:54,049 "The family of Abu Bakr shall eat": 586 00:20:54,049 --> 00:20:56,049 Meaning himself 587 00:20:56,049 --> 00:20:58,049 And those whose support is obligatory upon him. 588 00:20:58,049 --> 00:21:00,180 "I shall trade for the Muslims": 589 00:21:00,180 --> 00:21:02,180 Meaning, I shall trade on their behalf 590 00:21:02,180 --> 00:21:04,180 So that there returns to them 591 00:21:04,180 --> 00:21:06,180 From its profit as much as I have eaten, 592 00:21:06,180 --> 00:21:08,180 Or more. 593 00:21:08,180 --> 00:21:10,660 Among the benefits of the hadith: 594 00:21:10,660 --> 00:21:13,390 It is derived from the hadith: 595 00:21:13,390 --> 00:21:15,390 That the worker 596 00:21:15,390 --> 00:21:17,390 That he may take from the wealth's profit 597 00:21:17,390 --> 00:21:19,390 In which he works, according to the value of his labor, 598 00:21:19,390 --> 00:21:21,390 Provided there is not above him 599 00:21:21,390 --> 00:21:23,390 An authority who sets for him 600 00:21:23,390 --> 00:21:25,490 A known wage. 601 00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:27,490 In this is evidence that the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 602 00:21:27,490 --> 00:21:29,490 Used to earn 603 00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:31,490 With their own hands, and it illustrates 604 00:21:31,490 --> 00:21:33,490 The humility they possessed. 605 00:21:33,490 --> 00:21:37,539 From al-Miqdam, may Allah be pleased with him, 606 00:21:37,539 --> 00:21:39,539 From the Messenger of Allah, 607 00:21:39,539 --> 00:21:41,539 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 608 00:21:41,539 --> 00:21:43,569 Who said: 609 00:21:43,569 --> 00:21:45,569 "No one has ever eaten food 610 00:21:45,569 --> 00:21:47,569 Better than that which he eats 611 00:21:47,569 --> 00:21:49,569 From the work of his own hands. 612 00:21:49,569 --> 00:21:51,569 And indeed, the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (David), 613 00:21:51,569 --> 00:21:53,569 Peace be upon him, 614 00:21:53,569 --> 00:21:55,569 Used to eat from the work of his own hands." 615 00:21:55,569 --> 00:21:58,140 Commentary on the hadith: 616 00:21:58,140 --> 00:22:00,430 Dawud, peace be upon him, 617 00:22:00,430 --> 00:22:02,430 Used to eat from the work of his own hands; 618 00:22:02,430 --> 00:22:04,430 He used to craft 619 00:22:04,430 --> 00:22:06,430 Armor from iron, 620 00:22:06,430 --> 00:22:08,690 As stated by the Qur'an. 621 00:22:08,690 --> 00:22:10,690 From the benefits of the hadith: 622 00:22:10,690 --> 00:22:13,519 It is derived from the hadith 623 00:22:13,519 --> 00:22:15,519 That the best of earnings 624 00:22:15,519 --> 00:22:17,519 Is what a man earns with his own hand. 625 00:22:17,519 --> 00:22:19,519 It also contains an encouragement 626 00:22:19,519 --> 00:22:21,519 Toward trades and crafts. 627 00:22:21,519 --> 00:22:25,279 From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 628 00:22:25,279 --> 00:22:27,279 From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 629 00:22:27,279 --> 00:22:29,279 Who said: 630 00:22:29,279 --> 00:22:31,279 "The recitation of the Qur'an was made easy for Dawud, 631 00:22:31,279 --> 00:22:33,279 Peace be upon him; 632 00:22:33,279 --> 00:22:35,279 So he would command 633 00:22:35,279 --> 00:22:37,279 That his mounts be saddled, 634 00:22:37,279 --> 00:22:39,279 And he would recite the Qur'an 635 00:22:39,279 --> 00:22:41,279 Before his mounts were saddled, 636 00:22:41,279 --> 00:22:43,279 And he would not eat except from the work of his own hands." 637 00:22:43,279 --> 00:22:45,630 Commentary on the hadith: 638 00:22:45,630 --> 00:22:47,630 "Made easy" (khuffifa), 639 00:22:47,630 --> 00:22:49,890 Meaning it was facilitated. 640 00:22:49,890 --> 00:22:51,920 "That they be saddled" (fatusraj), 641 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:53,920 "Saddling" (israj) 642 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:55,920 Is the tightening of the saddle on the mount 643 00:22:55,920 --> 00:22:58,180 So that it may be ridden. 644 00:22:58,180 --> 00:23:00,180 From the benefits of the hadith: 645 00:23:00,180 --> 00:23:02,880 It is derived from the hadith 646 00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:04,880 The virtue of reciting the words of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 647 00:23:04,880 --> 00:23:06,880 It also contains the permissibility of reciting quickly 648 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:08,880 During recitation 649 00:23:08,880 --> 00:23:10,880 For the purpose of memorization and study, 650 00:23:10,880 --> 00:23:12,880 While reserving another time for contemplation. 651 00:23:12,880 --> 00:23:16,930 Chapter: Ease and Generosity 652 00:23:16,930 --> 00:23:18,930 In buying and selling, 653 00:23:18,930 --> 00:23:20,930 And whoever seeks a right, 654 00:23:20,930 --> 00:23:22,930 Let him seek it with decency. 655 00:23:22,930 --> 00:23:25,250 From Jabir 656 00:23:25,250 --> 00:23:27,250 Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, 657 00:23:27,250 --> 00:23:29,250 That the Messenger of Allah, 658 00:23:29,250 --> 00:23:31,250 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 659 00:23:31,250 --> 00:23:33,250 Said: 660 00:23:33,250 --> 00:23:35,250 "May Allah have mercy on a man who is easy-going 661 00:23:35,250 --> 00:23:37,250 When he sells, 662 00:23:37,250 --> 00:23:39,250 When he buys, 663 00:23:39,250 --> 00:23:41,700 And when he demands his due." 664 00:23:41,700 --> 00:23:44,049 The hadith. 665 00:23:44,049 --> 00:23:46,049 "May Allah have mercy" 666 00:23:46,049 --> 00:23:48,049 Can be interpreted as a supplication, 667 00:23:48,049 --> 00:23:50,049 Or it can be interpreted as a statement of fact. 668 00:23:50,049 --> 00:23:52,049 "Easy-going" (samhan) 669 00:23:52,049 --> 00:23:54,049 Refers to generosity, 670 00:23:54,049 --> 00:23:56,109 Magnanimity and giving, 671 00:23:56,109 --> 00:23:58,369 Characterized by kindness and open-handedness. 672 00:23:58,369 --> 00:24:00,369 "Demands his due" (iqtada), 673 00:24:00,369 --> 00:24:03,099 Meaning he collects what is owed to him. 674 00:24:03,099 --> 00:24:05,099 From the benefits of the hadith: 675 00:24:05,099 --> 00:24:07,099 It is derived from the hadith 676 00:24:07,099 --> 00:24:09,099 The encouragement to employ 677 00:24:09,099 --> 00:24:11,099 Noble character in sales. 678 00:24:11,099 --> 00:24:13,099 It is supported by the saying: 679 00:24:13,099 --> 00:24:17,150 "And take what is given freely from them." 680 00:24:17,150 --> 00:24:19,599 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Wealthy Debtor 681 00:24:19,599 --> 00:24:21,599 From Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, 682 00:24:21,599 --> 00:24:23,599 Who said: 683 00:24:23,599 --> 00:24:25,599 I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 684 00:24:25,599 --> 00:24:27,599 Say: 685 00:24:27,599 --> 00:24:29,599 "A man from those before you 686 00:24:29,599 --> 00:24:31,599 Was visited by an angel 687 00:24:31,599 --> 00:24:33,599 To take his soul. 688 00:24:33,599 --> 00:24:35,599 It was said to him: 689 00:24:35,599 --> 00:24:37,599 'Have you done any good?' 690 00:24:37,599 --> 00:24:39,599 He said: 'I do not know.' 691 00:24:39,599 --> 00:24:41,599 It was said to him: 692 00:24:41,599 --> 00:24:43,599 He said: 693 00:24:43,599 --> 00:24:45,599 'I do not know of anything, 694 00:24:45,599 --> 00:24:47,599 Except that I used to trade with people 695 00:24:47,599 --> 00:24:49,599 In the world and settle accounts with them; 696 00:24:49,599 --> 00:24:51,599 So I would grant respite to the wealthy, 697 00:24:51,599 --> 00:24:53,599 And overlook the needy.' 698 00:24:53,599 --> 00:24:55,599 So Allah admitted him 699 00:24:55,599 --> 00:24:57,859 Into Paradise." 700 00:24:57,859 --> 00:24:59,859 In one narration: 701 00:24:59,859 --> 00:25:01,859 "I would overlook the wealthy, 702 00:25:01,859 --> 00:25:03,859 And lighten the burden for the needy." 703 00:25:03,859 --> 00:25:06,180 So he was forgiven. 704 00:25:06,180 --> 00:25:08,180 Commentary on the hadith: 705 00:25:08,180 --> 00:25:10,690 "Was visited by an angel," 706 00:25:10,690 --> 00:25:12,690 Meaning the Angel of Death came to him. 707 00:25:12,690 --> 00:25:14,720 "Think/Recall" (anzur), 708 00:25:14,720 --> 00:25:16,720 Meaning reflect and remember. 709 00:25:16,720 --> 00:25:18,750 "Settle accounts" (ajazihim), 710 00:25:18,750 --> 00:25:21,039 Meaning I would collect the rights owed to me from them. 711 00:25:21,039 --> 00:25:23,039 "Grant respite" (fa-unziru), 712 00:25:23,039 --> 00:25:25,039 Meaning I would give them time. 713 00:25:25,039 --> 00:25:27,039 "The wealthy" (al-musir), 714 00:25:27,039 --> 00:25:29,140 Meaning the one capable of paying. 715 00:25:29,140 --> 00:25:31,140 "Overlook" (atajawazu), 716 00:25:31,140 --> 00:25:33,200 Meaning I would be lenient in demanding and collecting. 717 00:25:33,200 --> 00:25:35,200 "The needy" (al-mu'sir), 718 00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:37,200 The one who is unable to pay the debt. 719 00:25:37,200 --> 00:25:39,710 From the benefits of the hadith: 720 00:25:39,710 --> 00:25:42,509 It is derived from the hadith 721 00:25:42,509 --> 00:25:44,509 That from the vastness of the mercy of Allah, the Almighty, 722 00:25:44,509 --> 00:25:46,509 And His grace, 723 00:25:46,509 --> 00:25:48,509 Is that He forgives sins 724 00:25:48,509 --> 00:25:50,509 Through the smallest good deed 725 00:25:50,509 --> 00:25:52,509 Found in the servant, 726 00:25:52,509 --> 00:25:54,509 On the condition of sincerity. 727 00:25:54,509 --> 00:25:56,509 It also shows that the servant is held to account at his death 728 00:25:56,509 --> 00:25:58,509 To some extent. 729 00:25:58,509 --> 00:26:00,509 It also shows that the law of those before us 730 00:26:00,509 --> 00:26:02,509 Is a law for us, 731 00:26:02,509 --> 00:26:04,509 Provided it does not contradict our own law. 732 00:26:04,509 --> 00:26:08,529 It also contains details. 733 00:26:08,529 --> 00:26:10,750 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Needy Debtor 734 00:26:10,750 --> 00:26:12,750 From Abu Hurayrah, 735 00:26:12,750 --> 00:26:14,750 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 736 00:26:14,750 --> 00:26:16,750 Said: 737 00:26:16,750 --> 00:26:18,750 "A man used to lend 738 00:26:18,750 --> 00:26:20,750 To people." 739 00:26:20,750 --> 00:26:22,750 In one narration: "A merchant." 740 00:26:22,750 --> 00:26:24,750 He would say to his servant: 741 00:26:24,750 --> 00:26:26,750 "If you come to a needy person, 742 00:26:26,750 --> 00:26:28,750 Then overlook his debt, 743 00:26:28,750 --> 00:26:30,750 Perhaps Allah will overlook 744 00:26:30,750 --> 00:26:32,849 Our sins." 745 00:26:32,849 --> 00:26:34,849 He said: "So he met Allah, 746 00:26:34,849 --> 00:26:37,299 And He overlooked his sins." 747 00:26:37,299 --> 00:26:39,299 Commentary on the hadith: 748 00:26:39,299 --> 00:26:41,579 "Used to lend" (yudayinu), 749 00:26:41,579 --> 00:26:43,579 Meaning selling to people on credit. 750 00:26:43,579 --> 00:26:45,579 "Servant" (fatan), 751 00:26:45,579 --> 00:26:47,579 Meaning his boy and worker. 752 00:26:47,579 --> 00:26:49,839 From the benefits of the hadith: 753 00:26:49,839 --> 00:26:52,539 It is derived from the hadith 754 00:26:52,539 --> 00:26:54,539 That the recompense 755 00:26:54,539 --> 00:26:56,539 Is of the same nature as the deed. 756 00:26:56,539 --> 00:26:58,539 It also shows the permissibility of selling on credit. 757 00:26:58,539 --> 00:27:00,539 It also contains the encouragement toward ease 758 00:27:00,539 --> 00:27:02,539 In buying and selling. 759 00:27:02,539 --> 00:27:04,539 It also shows the legitimacy of agency. 760 00:27:04,539 --> 00:27:08,660 Chapter: If 761 00:27:08,660 --> 00:27:10,660 The two parties in a transaction are clear, 762 00:27:10,660 --> 00:27:12,980 And they are truthful and sincere. 763 00:27:12,980 --> 00:27:14,980 From Hakim Ibn Hizam, 764 00:27:14,980 --> 00:27:16,980 May Allah be pleased with him, who said: 765 00:27:16,980 --> 00:27:18,980 The Messenger of Allah, 766 00:27:18,980 --> 00:27:20,980 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 767 00:27:20,980 --> 00:27:22,980 "The two parties in a transaction have the option 768 00:27:22,980 --> 00:27:24,980 As long as they have not separated," 769 00:27:24,980 --> 00:27:26,980 Or he said: 770 00:27:26,980 --> 00:27:28,980 "Until they separate. 771 00:27:28,980 --> 00:27:30,980 If they are truthful and clear, 772 00:27:30,980 --> 00:27:32,980 Their transaction will be blessed. 773 00:27:32,980 --> 00:27:34,980 And if they conceal 774 00:27:34,980 --> 00:27:36,980 And lie, 775 00:27:36,980 --> 00:27:39,390 The blessing of their transaction will be wiped out." 776 00:27:39,390 --> 00:27:41,390 Commentary on the hadith: 777 00:27:41,390 --> 00:27:44,029 "The two parties" (al-bayyi'ani), 778 00:27:44,029 --> 00:27:46,029 Meaning the seller and the buyer. 779 00:27:46,029 --> 00:27:48,029 "Have the option" (bil-khiyar), 780 00:27:48,029 --> 00:27:50,029 Meaning the choice between finalizing the sale or annulling it. 781 00:27:50,029 --> 00:27:52,029 "As long as they have not separated," 782 00:27:52,029 --> 00:27:54,029 Meaning physically. 783 00:27:54,029 --> 00:27:56,029 It is also said: by speech. 784 00:27:56,029 --> 00:27:58,029 "Clear" (bayyana), 785 00:27:58,029 --> 00:28:00,029 Meaning he disclosed the defect in the transaction. 786 00:28:00,029 --> 00:28:02,289 "Blessed" (burika), 787 00:28:02,289 --> 00:28:04,289 Meaning the benefit of the commodity and the price increased. 788 00:28:04,289 --> 00:28:06,380 "Concealed" (katama), 789 00:28:06,380 --> 00:28:08,380 Meaning he hid the defect in the transaction. 790 00:28:08,380 --> 00:28:10,539 "Wiped out" (muhiqat), 791 00:28:10,539 --> 00:28:12,539 "Wiping out" (al-mahq) 792 00:28:12,539 --> 00:28:14,539 Is the decrease and the departure of blessing. 793 00:28:14,539 --> 00:28:16,990 From the benefits of the hadith: 794 00:28:16,990 --> 00:28:19,859 One derives from this hadith 795 00:28:19,859 --> 00:28:21,859 that offering sincere counsel to a fellow Muslim 796 00:28:21,859 --> 00:28:23,859 is an obligation. 797 00:28:23,859 --> 00:28:25,859 This is the fundamental principle in all dealings. 798 00:28:25,859 --> 00:28:27,859 It also contains the prohibition of fraud 799 00:28:27,859 --> 00:28:29,859 and deception in transactions, 800 00:28:29,859 --> 00:28:31,859 whether financial or otherwise. 801 00:28:31,859 --> 00:28:33,859 It further establishes the principle of being treated 802 00:28:33,859 --> 00:28:35,859 with the opposite of one’s intent, 803 00:28:35,859 --> 00:28:37,859 for the blessing of the sale is erased, 804 00:28:37,859 --> 00:28:39,859 along with the increase and growth the merchant sought. 805 00:28:43,230 --> 00:28:45,230 Chapter: The Sale of Mixed Dates 806 00:28:45,230 --> 00:28:47,650 On the authority of Abu Sa'id, 807 00:28:47,650 --> 00:28:49,650 may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 808 00:28:49,650 --> 00:28:51,650 We used to be provided with 809 00:28:51,650 --> 00:28:53,650 "jam'" dates, 810 00:28:53,650 --> 00:28:55,650 which are mixed dates. 811 00:28:55,650 --> 00:28:57,650 We would sell two sa's for one sa'. 812 00:28:57,650 --> 00:28:59,680 The Prophet, 813 00:28:59,680 --> 00:29:01,680 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 814 00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:03,680 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa', 815 00:29:03,680 --> 00:29:05,680 nor two dirhams 816 00:29:05,680 --> 00:29:08,220 for one dirham." 817 00:29:08,220 --> 00:29:10,220 Commentary on the hadith: 818 00:29:10,220 --> 00:29:12,539 "Mixed" (al-khalt) 819 00:29:12,539 --> 00:29:14,539 refers to dates consisting of various 820 00:29:14,539 --> 00:29:16,670 different types. 821 00:29:16,670 --> 00:29:18,670 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa'" 822 00:29:18,670 --> 00:29:20,670 means: do not sell two sa's for one sa'. 823 00:29:20,670 --> 00:29:22,670 This is because all dates 824 00:29:22,670 --> 00:29:24,670 are of the same genus. 825 00:29:24,670 --> 00:29:26,670 "Nor two dirhams" 826 00:29:26,670 --> 00:29:29,059 refers to the silver dirham. 827 00:29:29,059 --> 00:29:31,059 Among the benefits of the hadith: 828 00:29:31,059 --> 00:29:33,890 It is derived from the hadith 829 00:29:33,890 --> 00:29:35,890 that it is not permissible to have a disparity in quantity 830 00:29:35,890 --> 00:29:37,890 when exchanging items of the same genus 831 00:29:37,890 --> 00:29:39,890 from among the usurious commodities. 832 00:29:39,890 --> 00:29:41,890 It also indicates that high-quality and low-quality items 833 00:29:41,890 --> 00:29:43,890 are treated equally in this regard.