WEBVTT 00:00:00.080 --> 00:00:03.480 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.379 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.379 --> 00:00:09.580 for Humanities Research and Studies 00:00:09.580 --> 00:00:10.880 presents 00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:16.179 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari: 00:00:16.179 --> 00:00:19.929 The Book of Sales. 00:00:19.929 --> 00:00:23.679 When Imam al-Bukhari completed the explanation of the acts of worship, 00:00:23.679 --> 00:00:26.679 the primary purpose of which is the attainment of reward in the Hereafter, 00:00:26.679 --> 00:00:29.179 he commenced with the exposition of commercial transactions, 00:00:29.179 --> 00:00:32.179 the primary purpose of which is worldly livelihood. 00:00:32.179 --> 00:00:35.179 Thus, he prioritized the objectives of the Hereafter over those of this world. 00:00:37.750 --> 00:00:40.750 Chapter: What has been related regarding the words of Allah, Exalted is He: 00:00:40.750 --> 00:00:42.750 "And when the prayer has been concluded, 00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:44.750 disperse within the land 00:00:44.750 --> 00:00:46.750 and seek from the bounty of Allah." 00:00:46.750 --> 00:00:49.490 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:00:49.490 --> 00:00:51.490 who said: 00:00:51.490 --> 00:00:54.490 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf arrived among us, 00:00:54.490 --> 00:00:57.490 and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established a bond of brotherhood 00:00:57.490 --> 00:01:00.490 between him and Sa'd ibn al-Rabi'. 00:01:00.490 --> 00:01:02.490 Sa'd was a man of abundant wealth, 00:01:02.490 --> 00:01:04.489 so he said to him: 00:01:04.489 --> 00:01:08.489 "The Ansar well know that I am among the wealthiest of them. 00:01:08.489 --> 00:01:12.489 I shall divide my wealth into two equal halves between you and me. 00:01:12.489 --> 00:01:14.489 Moreover, I have two wives; 00:01:14.489 --> 00:01:16.489 look and see which of the two pleases you more, 00:01:16.489 --> 00:01:18.489 and I shall divorce her for you." 00:01:18.489 --> 00:01:20.620 In another narration: 00:01:20.620 --> 00:01:22.620 "Look and see which of my two wives you desire, 00:01:22.620 --> 00:01:24.620 and I will step down from her for you, 00:01:24.620 --> 00:01:26.680 so that once she completes her waiting period, 00:01:26.680 --> 00:01:28.680 you may marry her." 00:01:28.680 --> 00:01:30.739 Thereupon, 'Abd al-Rahman replied: 00:01:30.739 --> 00:01:33.739 "May Allah bless you in your family." 00:01:33.739 --> 00:01:35.739 In another narration: 00:01:35.739 --> 00:01:37.739 "May Allah bless you in your family and your wealth. 00:01:37.739 --> 00:01:39.739 Just direct me to the marketplace." 00:01:39.739 --> 00:01:41.739 And in another narration: 00:01:41.739 --> 00:01:43.739 "Is there a marketplace where commerce is conducted?" 00:01:43.739 --> 00:01:45.739 Sa'd replied: 00:01:45.739 --> 00:01:47.739 "The marketplace of Qaynuqa'." 00:01:47.739 --> 00:01:49.739 Anas said: 00:01:49.739 --> 00:01:51.739 So 'Abd al-Rahman set out for it the next morning, 00:01:51.739 --> 00:01:53.780 and he did not return that day 00:01:53.780 --> 00:01:55.780 without having earned a profit 00:01:55.780 --> 00:01:57.780 of dried curd and clarified butter. 00:01:57.780 --> 00:01:59.900 Only a short time passed 00:01:59.900 --> 00:02:01.900 before he came to the Messenger of Allah 00:02:01.900 --> 00:02:03.900 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:02:03.900 --> 00:02:05.900 bearing traces 00:02:05.900 --> 00:02:08.030 of yellow perfume. 00:02:08.030 --> 00:02:10.030 In another narration: 00:02:10.030 --> 00:02:12.030 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) saw upon him 00:02:12.030 --> 00:02:14.030 the cheerful glow of a bridegroom. 00:02:14.030 --> 00:02:16.030 So the Messenger of Allah 00:02:16.030 --> 00:02:18.030 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asked him: 00:02:18.030 --> 00:02:20.030 "Mahyam (What is this)?" 00:02:20.030 --> 00:02:22.030 In another narration: 00:02:22.030 --> 00:02:24.259 "Mahyam," or "Mah?" 00:02:24.259 --> 00:02:26.259 And in another narration: 00:02:26.259 --> 00:02:28.319 "Have you married?" 00:02:28.319 --> 00:02:30.319 He replied: "I have married a woman from the Ansar." 00:02:30.319 --> 00:02:32.349 The Prophet asked: 00:02:32.349 --> 00:02:34.349 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?" 00:02:34.349 --> 00:02:36.379 He replied: 00:02:36.379 --> 00:02:38.379 "The weight of a date-stone in gold," 00:02:38.379 --> 00:02:40.379 or "a date-stone's weight of gold." 00:02:40.379 --> 00:02:42.419 The Prophet said: 00:02:42.419 --> 00:02:44.419 In another narration: 00:02:44.419 --> 00:02:46.419 "May Allah bless you! 00:02:46.419 --> 00:02:48.419 Host a wedding feast (walimah), even if with just a single sheep." 00:02:48.419 --> 00:02:51.219 Commentary on the hadith: 00:02:51.219 --> 00:02:53.500 "Arrived" (qadima): 00:02:53.500 --> 00:02:55.500 meaning he arrived as an emigrant (Muhajir). 00:02:55.500 --> 00:02:57.500 "He established brotherhood" (akha): 00:02:57.500 --> 00:02:59.500 It refers to forging a brotherly bond between two individuals, 00:02:59.500 --> 00:03:01.500 establishing a mutual pact between them 00:03:01.500 --> 00:03:03.500 akin to kinship by blood. 00:03:03.500 --> 00:03:05.500 "Shatrayn": 00:03:05.500 --> 00:03:07.500 meaning two equal halves. 00:03:07.500 --> 00:03:09.500 "Whichever of the two pleases you more" (a'jabahuma): 00:03:09.500 --> 00:03:11.500 meaning whichever woman appeals to you. 00:03:11.500 --> 00:03:13.500 "Once she completes her waiting period" (idha hallat): 00:03:13.500 --> 00:03:15.569 meaning once her 'iddah has expired. 00:03:15.569 --> 00:03:17.569 "Your family" (ahluk): meaning your wife. 00:03:17.569 --> 00:03:19.569 "Earned a profit" (afdala): 00:03:19.569 --> 00:03:21.729 meaning he gained a surplus or profit. 00:03:21.729 --> 00:03:23.729 "Aqt": 00:03:23.729 --> 00:03:25.729 a food prepared from curdled milk that has been dried. 00:03:25.729 --> 00:03:27.729 "Only a short time passed" (falam yalbath): 00:03:27.729 --> 00:03:29.729 meaning he did not stay or wait long. 00:03:29.729 --> 00:03:31.729 "Yasiran": 00:03:31.729 --> 00:03:33.949 meaning for only a brief period of time. 00:03:33.949 --> 00:03:35.949 "You desire" (hawayta): meaning you fancy or want. 00:03:35.949 --> 00:03:37.949 "I will step down from her for you" (nazaltu laka 'anha): 00:03:37.949 --> 00:03:40.340 meaning I will divorce her so you may have her. 00:03:40.340 --> 00:03:42.340 "Traces of yellow perfume" (wadarun min sufrah): 00:03:42.340 --> 00:03:44.340 meaning smeared with khaluq or perfume 00:03:44.340 --> 00:03:46.340 that possesses a yellowish color, 00:03:46.340 --> 00:03:48.560 which is saffron. 00:03:48.560 --> 00:03:50.560 "Mahyam": 00:03:50.560 --> 00:03:52.560 meaning: "What is this?" 00:03:52.560 --> 00:03:54.620 and "What has happened with you?" 00:03:54.620 --> 00:03:56.620 She was the daughter of Anas ibn Rafi'. 00:03:56.620 --> 00:03:58.750 "What bridal-gift did you provide for her?" (ma suqta ilayha): 00:03:58.750 --> 00:04:00.750 meaning how much did you give her as a mahr? 00:04:00.750 --> 00:04:02.849 "The weight of a date-stone" (waznu nawat): 00:04:02.849 --> 00:04:06.849 Its measure is three dirhams and one-third, 00:04:06.849 --> 00:04:08.849 which equals approximately ten grams, 00:04:08.849 --> 00:04:10.849 though some say slightly more 00:04:10.849 --> 00:04:13.039 and others say slightly less. 00:04:13.039 --> 00:04:15.039 "Host a wedding feast" (awlim): 00:04:15.039 --> 00:04:17.040 The walimah is the celebratory wedding meal. 00:04:17.040 --> 00:04:19.040 "The cheerful glow of a bridegroom" (bashashat al-'urs): 00:04:19.040 --> 00:04:21.329 meaning the joyful aura, marks, and elegance of marriage. 00:04:21.329 --> 00:04:23.329 Key benefits derived from the hadith: 00:04:23.329 --> 00:04:26.189 It is deduced from this hadith that 00:04:26.189 --> 00:04:28.189 there is no harm in an honorable, noble person 00:04:28.189 --> 00:04:30.189 engaging in market commerce through selling 00:04:30.189 --> 00:04:32.189 and buying, 00:04:32.189 --> 00:04:34.189 and thereby maintaining self-sufficiency and dignity from taking 00:04:34.189 --> 00:04:36.189 money or donations offered by others. 00:04:36.189 --> 00:04:38.290 It also demonstrates personal discipline and strenuous effort 00:04:38.290 --> 00:04:40.290 in securing one's own livelihood. 00:04:40.290 --> 00:04:42.290 Furthermore, it shows that earning a living 00:04:42.290 --> 00:04:44.290 through trades and crafts is far more aligned 00:04:44.290 --> 00:04:46.290 with moral uprightness and integrity than living 00:04:46.290 --> 00:04:48.290 off gifts, charitable offerings, 00:04:48.290 --> 00:04:50.319 and similar handouts. 00:04:50.319 --> 00:04:52.319 It also clarifies the virtue and barakah of enterprise. 00:04:52.319 --> 00:04:54.319 Additionally, it highlights brotherhood established for mutual cooperation 00:04:54.319 --> 00:04:56.319 in obeying the commands of Allah, Exalted is He. 00:04:56.319 --> 00:04:58.319 It also illustrates that among 00:04:58.319 --> 00:05:00.319 the essential obligations of true brotherhood 00:05:00.319 --> 00:05:02.319 is for a brother to assist his brother 00:05:02.319 --> 00:05:06.300 in his worldly affairs. 00:05:06.300 --> 00:05:08.300 Chapter: The Explanation of Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat). 00:05:08.300 --> 00:05:10.720 On the authority of 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:05:10.720 --> 00:05:12.720 who said: 00:05:12.720 --> 00:05:14.720 'Utbah ibn Abi Waqqas 00:05:14.720 --> 00:05:16.720 had entrusted to his brother Sa'd 00:05:16.720 --> 00:05:18.720 ibn Abi Waqqas: 00:05:18.720 --> 00:05:20.720 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah is fathered by me, 00:05:20.720 --> 00:05:22.720 so take custody of him." 00:05:22.720 --> 00:05:24.939 'A'ishah continued: 00:05:24.939 --> 00:05:26.939 When the year of the Conquest of Makkah arrived, 00:05:26.939 --> 00:05:28.939 Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas took him 00:05:28.939 --> 00:05:30.939 and said: 00:05:30.939 --> 00:05:32.939 "He is my brother's son; he entrusted him 00:05:32.939 --> 00:05:35.009 to my custody." 00:05:35.009 --> 00:05:37.009 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah arose and protested: 00:05:37.009 --> 00:05:39.009 "He is my brother and the son of my father's bondwoman; 00:05:39.009 --> 00:05:41.009 he was born upon his bed!" 00:05:41.009 --> 00:05:43.069 So they brought their dispute 00:05:43.069 --> 00:05:45.069 before the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:05:45.069 --> 00:05:47.069 Sa'd argued: 00:05:47.069 --> 00:05:49.069 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:05:49.069 --> 00:05:51.069 he is my brother's son; 00:05:51.069 --> 00:05:53.069 he instructed me regarding him." 00:05:53.069 --> 00:05:55.069 But 'Abd ibn Zam'ah asserted: 00:05:55.069 --> 00:05:57.069 "He is my brother and the son of 00:05:57.069 --> 00:05:59.069 my father's bondwoman, born upon 00:05:59.069 --> 00:06:01.100 his bed." Thereupon, 00:06:01.100 --> 00:06:03.100 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:06:03.100 --> 00:06:05.100 "He is yours, 00:06:05.100 --> 00:06:07.300 O 'Abd ibn Zam'ah!" 00:06:07.300 --> 00:06:09.300 Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:06:09.300 --> 00:06:11.300 added: 00:06:11.300 --> 00:06:13.300 "The child belongs to the marriage bed, 00:06:13.300 --> 00:06:15.550 while the adulterer is entitled only to stones." 00:06:15.550 --> 00:06:17.550 Then he instructed Sawdah 00:06:17.550 --> 00:06:19.550 bint Zam'ah, the wife of the Prophet 00:06:19.550 --> 00:06:21.550 (peace be upon him): 00:06:21.550 --> 00:06:23.550 "Observe the veil before him," 00:06:23.550 --> 00:06:25.550 because he observed the unmistakable resemblance 00:06:25.550 --> 00:06:27.550 to 'Utbah. Consequently, he never saw her 00:06:27.550 --> 00:06:30.259 until he met Allah. 00:06:30.259 --> 00:06:32.259 Commentary on the hadith: 00:06:32.259 --> 00:06:34.740 Chapter: The Explanation of 00:06:34.740 --> 00:06:36.740 Doubtful Matters (al-Mushtabihat): 00:06:36.740 --> 00:06:38.740 Dubious matters and ambiguous affairs refer to 00:06:38.740 --> 00:06:40.740 anything that bears resemblance 00:06:40.740 --> 00:06:42.740 to the lawful from one perspective, and to the unlawful 00:06:42.740 --> 00:06:44.930 from another. 00:06:44.930 --> 00:06:46.930 "The son of the bondwoman of Zam'ah": 00:06:46.930 --> 00:06:48.930 The walidah is the female slave (jariyah). 00:06:48.930 --> 00:06:50.930 The child over whom they disputed 00:06:50.930 --> 00:06:52.930 was named 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zam'ah 00:06:52.930 --> 00:06:54.930 ibn Qays. 00:06:54.930 --> 00:06:55.930 "Fa-qbidh": 00:06:55.930 --> 00:06:57.930 meaning: take custody of him. 00:06:57.930 --> 00:06:58.930 "'Ahida ilayya": 00:06:58.930 --> 00:07:00.990 meaning: he bequeathed and entrusted this to me. 00:07:00.990 --> 00:07:02.990 "Fa-tasaqa": 00:07:02.990 --> 00:07:04.990 meaning: after disputing and contending with each other 00:07:04.990 --> 00:07:06.990 regarding his status, they proceeded together 00:07:06.990 --> 00:07:08.990 to the Prophet (peace be upon him). 00:07:08.990 --> 00:07:11.120 "The child belongs to the marriage bed" (al-waladu li-l-firash): 00:07:11.120 --> 00:07:13.120 Meaning the lineage of the child. 00:07:13.120 --> 00:07:15.120 It is attributed to the owner of the bed. 00:07:15.120 --> 00:07:17.120 And for the adulterer is the stone [i.e., deprivation/punishment]. 00:07:17.120 --> 00:07:19.120 Meaning, for the one who commits illicit sexual relations, there is only disappointment. 00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:21.120 And he has no claim to the child. 00:07:21.120 --> 00:07:23.120 It has been said: 00:07:23.120 --> 00:07:25.120 For the adulterer is the stoning. 00:07:25.120 --> 00:07:27.470 Among the benefits 00:07:27.470 --> 00:07:30.529 of the hadith: 00:07:30.529 --> 00:07:32.529 It is derived from the hadith 00:07:32.529 --> 00:07:34.529 that judgment is based on outward appearances. 00:07:34.529 --> 00:07:36.529 Because he, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:07:36.529 --> 00:07:38.529 ruled regarding the child based on the marital bed. 00:07:38.529 --> 00:07:40.529 And he did not pay attention to physical resemblance. 00:07:40.560 --> 00:07:42.560 And in this is that the ruling of the judge 00:07:42.560 --> 00:07:44.560 is based on the apparent. 00:07:44.560 --> 00:07:46.560 It does not resolve the matter in the inward reality. 00:07:46.560 --> 00:07:48.560 Due to his command, peace be upon him, 00:07:48.560 --> 00:07:50.560 to Sawdah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:07:50.560 --> 00:07:54.379 to observe hijab. 00:07:54.379 --> 00:07:56.379 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided due to doubts. 00:07:56.379 --> 00:07:58.829 From Anas, 00:07:58.829 --> 00:08:00.829 may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:08:00.829 --> 00:08:02.829 The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, passed 00:08:02.829 --> 00:08:04.829 by a date 00:08:04.829 --> 00:08:06.829 on the road. 00:08:06.829 --> 00:08:08.829 He said, "Were it not that I 00:08:08.829 --> 00:08:10.829 fear it might be from the charity (sadaqah), 00:08:10.829 --> 00:08:13.310 I would have eaten it." 00:08:13.310 --> 00:08:15.310 Commentary on the hadith: 00:08:15.310 --> 00:08:17.759 Chapter: Regarding what should be avoided. 00:08:17.759 --> 00:08:19.759 Avoided due to doubts. 00:08:19.759 --> 00:08:21.759 Meaning, they are to be guarded against and abandoned. 00:08:21.759 --> 00:08:23.759 "I fear," 00:08:23.759 --> 00:08:26.209 meaning, I am apprehensive. 00:08:26.209 --> 00:08:29.009 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:29.009 --> 00:08:31.009 It is derived from the hadith 00:08:31.009 --> 00:08:33.009 that if a doubt arises 00:08:33.009 --> 00:08:35.009 regarding a permissible matter, 00:08:35.009 --> 00:08:37.009 then safety lies in abandoning it as a precaution. 00:08:37.009 --> 00:08:39.009 And in the hadith 00:08:39.009 --> 00:08:41.009 is an indication of the permissibility 00:08:41.009 --> 00:08:43.009 of eating a small amount of found property (luqta), 00:08:43.009 --> 00:08:45.009 and it is not required to announce it, 00:08:45.009 --> 00:08:47.009 nor to return it to its owners. 00:08:47.009 --> 00:08:51.090 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers 00:08:51.090 --> 00:08:53.090 and similar things as doubts. 00:08:53.090 --> 00:08:55.440 From 'Aishah, 00:08:55.440 --> 00:08:57.440 she said: 00:08:57.440 --> 00:08:59.440 They said, "O Messenger of Allah, 00:08:59.440 --> 00:09:01.440 there are people here who have recently 00:09:01.440 --> 00:09:03.440 come out of disbelief, 00:09:03.440 --> 00:09:05.440 bringing us meat; 00:09:05.440 --> 00:09:07.440 we do not know if they mention the name of Allah 00:09:07.440 --> 00:09:09.440 over it or not." 00:09:09.440 --> 00:09:11.470 He said, 00:09:11.470 --> 00:09:13.470 "Mention the name of Allah yourselves, 00:09:13.470 --> 00:09:16.110 and eat." 00:09:16.110 --> 00:09:18.659 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:18.659 --> 00:09:20.659 Chapter: Regarding one who does not consider whispers 00:09:20.659 --> 00:09:22.659 and similar things as doubts. 00:09:22.659 --> 00:09:24.659 "Whispers" (waswas) 00:09:24.659 --> 00:09:26.659 is what Satan casts into the heart. 00:09:26.659 --> 00:09:28.659 "Meat" (lihman), 00:09:28.659 --> 00:09:30.690 the plural of meat (lahm). 00:09:30.690 --> 00:09:32.690 "We do not know," 00:09:32.690 --> 00:09:34.690 meaning, we are not aware. 00:09:34.690 --> 00:09:36.690 “And they say: Such cattle and crops are forbidden. No-one is to eat of them save whom we will - in their make-believe - cattle whose backs are forbidden, cattle over which they mention not the name of Allah. (All that is) a lie against Him. He will repay them for that which they invent.” (6:138) 00:09:36.690 --> 00:09:38.879 Meaning, at the time of slaughtering. 00:09:38.879 --> 00:09:41.620 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:41.620 --> 00:09:43.620 It is derived from the hadith 00:09:43.620 --> 00:09:45.620 the legitimacy of saying the basmalah 00:09:45.620 --> 00:09:47.620 when eating. 00:09:47.620 --> 00:09:49.620 The hadith is an argument for those who say 00:09:49.620 --> 00:09:51.620 it is permissible to eat meat for which the name of Allah was not mentioned 00:09:51.620 --> 00:09:55.700 at the time of slaughter. 00:09:55.700 --> 00:09:57.700 Chapter: Regarding one who does not care from where 00:09:57.700 --> 00:09:59.980 he earns wealth. 00:09:59.980 --> 00:10:01.980 From Abu Hurayrah, 00:10:01.980 --> 00:10:03.980 from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:10:03.980 --> 00:10:05.980 he said: 00:10:05.980 --> 00:10:07.980 "A time will come upon the people 00:10:07.980 --> 00:10:09.980 when a person will not care how 00:10:09.980 --> 00:10:11.980 he acquires wealth, 00:10:11.980 --> 00:10:13.980 whether from a lawful source or an unlawful one." 00:10:13.980 --> 00:10:16.620 Commentary 00:10:16.620 --> 00:10:19.039 on the hadith: 00:10:19.039 --> 00:10:21.039 Meaning, he does not concern himself, 00:10:21.039 --> 00:10:23.039 nor does he ask, 00:10:23.039 --> 00:10:25.039 about how he acquired the wealth. 00:10:25.039 --> 00:10:27.039 Meaning, from whatever source he earned it. 00:10:27.039 --> 00:10:29.360 Among the benefits 00:10:29.360 --> 00:10:32.190 of the hadith: 00:10:32.190 --> 00:10:34.190 The hadith is among the signs of Prophethood. 00:10:34.190 --> 00:10:36.190 And in it is a warning against the trial 00:10:36.190 --> 00:10:38.190 of wealth, and in it is 00:10:38.190 --> 00:10:40.190 an encouragement to earn lawfully. 00:10:40.190 --> 00:10:43.759 Chapter: Trade 00:10:43.759 --> 00:10:45.759 on land and otherwise. 00:10:45.759 --> 00:10:48.299 From Abu al-Minhal, 00:10:48.299 --> 00:10:50.299 he said: I used to trade 00:10:50.299 --> 00:10:52.299 in currency exchange (sarf). 00:10:52.299 --> 00:10:54.299 So I asked al-Bara' Ibn 'Azib 00:10:54.299 --> 00:10:56.299 and Zayd Ibn Arqam 00:10:56.299 --> 00:10:58.299 about currency exchange. 00:10:58.299 --> 00:11:00.299 They said: 00:11:00.299 --> 00:11:02.299 "We were traders during the time of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:11:02.299 --> 00:11:04.299 We asked 00:11:04.299 --> 00:11:06.299 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:11:06.299 --> 00:11:08.299 about currency exchange. 00:11:08.299 --> 00:11:10.299 He said: 00:11:10.299 --> 00:11:12.299 'If it is hand-to-hand, 00:11:12.299 --> 00:11:14.299 then there is no harm. 00:11:14.299 --> 00:11:16.299 But if it is deferred, 00:11:16.299 --> 00:11:18.690 then it is not valid.'" 00:11:18.690 --> 00:11:20.690 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, forbade 00:11:20.690 --> 00:11:22.690 selling gold 00:11:22.690 --> 00:11:24.690 for silver on credit. 00:11:24.690 --> 00:11:26.690 And in another narration: 00:11:26.690 --> 00:11:28.690 "Whatever is hand-to-hand, 00:11:28.690 --> 00:11:30.690 take it, 00:11:30.690 --> 00:11:32.690 and whatever is deferred, leave it." 00:11:33.230 --> 00:11:35.230 Commentary on the hadith: 00:11:35.230 --> 00:11:37.649 Chapter: Trade 00:11:37.649 --> 00:11:39.679 on land and otherwise. 00:11:39.679 --> 00:11:41.679 "On land" (barr), meaning the opposite of the sea. 00:11:41.679 --> 00:11:43.710 And it is said: 00:11:43.710 --> 00:11:45.710 "Baz" (with a zay), 00:11:45.710 --> 00:11:47.710 which refers specifically to fabrics. 00:11:47.710 --> 00:11:49.840 "I trade" (atjar), 00:11:49.840 --> 00:11:51.840 meaning I buy and sell. 00:11:51.840 --> 00:11:53.840 "Currency exchange" (sarf), 00:11:53.840 --> 00:11:55.840 meaning the sale of money for money. 00:11:55.840 --> 00:11:57.840 "Hand-to-hand," 00:11:57.840 --> 00:11:59.840 meaning immediate exchange in the same session. 00:11:59.840 --> 00:12:01.840 "There is no harm," 00:12:01.840 --> 00:12:03.840 meaning it is permissible. 00:12:03.840 --> 00:12:05.840 "Deferred" (nasa'), 00:12:05.840 --> 00:12:07.840 meaning delayed or postponed. 00:12:07.840 --> 00:12:09.840 "It is not valid," 00:12:09.840 --> 00:12:11.840 meaning it is not permissible. 00:12:11.840 --> 00:12:13.840 "Leave it," 00:12:13.840 --> 00:12:15.840 meaning abandon it. 00:12:15.840 --> 00:12:17.840 Meaning, deferred and not received 00:12:17.840 --> 00:12:20.129 in the session of the contract. 00:12:20.129 --> 00:12:22.129 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:12:22.129 --> 00:12:25.120 It is derived from the hadith 00:12:25.120 --> 00:12:27.120 that the default 00:12:27.120 --> 00:12:29.120 in trade is permissibility. 00:12:29.120 --> 00:12:31.120 And in it is that it is not permissible 00:12:31.120 --> 00:12:33.120 to have any currency exchange on credit. 00:12:33.120 --> 00:12:35.120 Rather, it is only permissible 00:12:35.120 --> 00:12:39.100 hand-to-hand. 00:12:39.100 --> 00:12:41.100 Chapter: Going out for trade. 00:12:41.549 --> 00:12:43.549 From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, 00:12:43.549 --> 00:12:45.549 he said: 00:12:45.549 --> 00:12:47.549 I was in one of the gatherings 00:12:47.549 --> 00:12:49.549 of the Ansar, 00:12:49.549 --> 00:12:51.549 when Abu Musa came, appearing distressed. 00:12:51.549 --> 00:12:53.549 He said: 00:12:53.549 --> 00:12:55.549 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar three times, 00:12:55.549 --> 00:12:57.549 but I was not granted permission, 00:12:57.549 --> 00:12:59.549 so I returned." 00:12:59.549 --> 00:13:01.549 He ['Umar] said: 00:13:01.549 --> 00:13:03.549 "What prevented you?" 00:13:03.549 --> 00:13:05.549 I said: "I sought permission three times, 00:13:05.549 --> 00:13:07.549 but I was not granted permission, 00:13:07.549 --> 00:13:09.549 so I returned." 00:13:09.549 --> 00:13:11.549 And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:13:11.549 --> 00:13:13.549 "If one of you seeks permission 00:13:13.549 --> 00:13:15.549 three times 00:13:15.549 --> 00:13:17.549 and is not granted permission, 00:13:17.549 --> 00:13:19.549 then let him return." 00:13:19.549 --> 00:13:21.549 He ['Umar] said: 00:13:21.549 --> 00:13:23.679 "By Allah, you must provide proof for this." 00:13:23.679 --> 00:13:25.679 In one narration: 00:13:25.679 --> 00:13:27.679 "Bring me proof for this, 00:13:27.679 --> 00:13:29.679 or I will punish you." 00:13:29.679 --> 00:13:31.740 "Is there anyone among you 00:13:31.740 --> 00:13:33.740 who heard it from the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him?" 00:13:33.740 --> 00:13:35.740 Then said 00:13:35.740 --> 00:13:37.740 Ubayy Ibn Ka'b: 00:13:37.740 --> 00:13:39.740 "By Allah, no one shall stand 00:13:39.740 --> 00:13:41.740 with you except the youngest of the people." 00:13:41.740 --> 00:13:43.779 So I was the youngest of the people, 00:13:43.779 --> 00:13:45.779 and I stood with him. 00:13:45.779 --> 00:13:47.779 I informed 'Umar that the Prophet, 00:13:47.779 --> 00:13:49.779 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:13:49.779 --> 00:13:51.940 said that. 00:13:51.940 --> 00:13:53.940 In one narration: 00:13:53.940 --> 00:13:55.940 'Umar said: 00:13:55.940 --> 00:13:57.940 "Has this been hidden from me regarding the matter of 00:13:57.940 --> 00:13:59.940 the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him? 00:13:59.940 --> 00:14:01.940 I was distracted by trading 00:14:01.940 --> 00:14:04.509 in the markets." 00:14:04.509 --> 00:14:06.509 Commentary on the hadith: 00:14:06.509 --> 00:14:08.860 "Distressed" (madh'ur), 00:14:08.860 --> 00:14:10.860 meaning afraid. 00:14:10.860 --> 00:14:12.860 "I sought permission to enter upon 'Umar," 00:14:12.860 --> 00:14:14.860 Meaning, he sought permission to enter upon him. 00:14:14.860 --> 00:14:16.860 What prevented you? 00:14:16.860 --> 00:14:18.860 Meaning, from entering. 00:14:18.860 --> 00:14:20.860 With proof. 00:14:20.860 --> 00:14:23.379 Meaning, with evidence. 00:14:23.379 --> 00:14:26.299 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:14:26.299 --> 00:14:28.299 It is derived from the hadith: 00:14:28.299 --> 00:14:30.299 That preoccupation with worldly affairs 00:14:30.299 --> 00:14:32.299 May prevent one from seeking knowledge. 00:14:32.299 --> 00:14:34.299 And the more one pursues it, 00:14:34.299 --> 00:14:36.299 The less knowledge one attains. 00:14:36.299 --> 00:14:38.299 It also contains the requirement to seek evidence, 00:14:38.299 --> 00:14:42.379 And to verify it. 00:14:42.379 --> 00:14:44.379 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:14:44.379 --> 00:14:46.379 "Spend from 00:14:46.379 --> 00:14:48.379 The good things which you have earned." 00:14:48.379 --> 00:14:50.799 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, 00:14:50.799 --> 00:14:52.799 May Allah be pleased with him, 00:14:52.799 --> 00:14:54.799 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:14:54.799 --> 00:14:56.799 Said: 00:14:56.799 --> 00:14:58.799 "It is not lawful for a woman 00:14:58.799 --> 00:15:00.799 To fast while her husband is present 00:15:00.799 --> 00:15:02.830 Except with his permission." 00:15:02.830 --> 00:15:04.830 "And she shall not permit anyone in his house 00:15:04.830 --> 00:15:06.830 Except with his permission." 00:15:06.830 --> 00:15:08.830 "And whatever she spends of expenditure 00:15:08.830 --> 00:15:10.830 Without his command," 00:15:10.830 --> 00:15:12.830 In one narration: 00:15:12.830 --> 00:15:14.830 "Without his consent," 00:15:14.830 --> 00:15:16.830 "Then it is rendered to him 00:15:16.830 --> 00:15:18.960 Half of it." 00:15:18.960 --> 00:15:20.960 In one narration: 00:15:20.960 --> 00:15:23.629 "He receives half of its reward." 00:15:23.629 --> 00:15:26.110 Commentary on the hadith: 00:15:26.110 --> 00:15:28.110 Chapter: The saying of Allah the Exalted: 00:15:28.110 --> 00:15:30.110 "Spend from the good things 00:15:30.110 --> 00:15:32.110 Which you have earned." 00:15:32.110 --> 00:15:34.110 The Exalted commands His servants, 00:15:34.110 --> 00:15:36.110 The believers, to spend 00:15:36.110 --> 00:15:38.110 From the good things He has made easy for them 00:15:38.110 --> 00:15:40.179 Of earnings. 00:15:40.179 --> 00:15:42.179 "To fast": meaning a voluntary fast. 00:15:42.179 --> 00:15:44.179 "Present": meaning available. 00:15:44.179 --> 00:15:46.179 "Without his command": 00:15:46.179 --> 00:15:48.179 Meaning without the husband's order. 00:15:48.179 --> 00:15:50.179 "It is rendered to him half of it": 00:15:50.179 --> 00:15:52.179 Meaning, he is given half the wealth 00:15:52.179 --> 00:15:54.529 Of the spender. 00:15:54.529 --> 00:15:56.529 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:15:56.529 --> 00:15:59.230 It is derived from the hadith: 00:15:59.230 --> 00:16:01.230 That a woman should not spend 00:16:01.230 --> 00:16:03.230 From her husband's wealth in excess 00:16:03.230 --> 00:16:05.230 Of what is customarily accepted. 00:16:05.230 --> 00:16:07.259 It also contains the avoidance 00:16:07.259 --> 00:16:09.259 Of that which stirs suspicion 00:16:09.259 --> 00:16:13.340 Between spouses. 00:16:13.340 --> 00:16:15.340 Chapter: Whoever loves to have his provision expanded. 00:16:15.340 --> 00:16:17.730 On the authority of Anas Ibn Malik, 00:16:17.730 --> 00:16:19.730 May Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:16:19.730 --> 00:16:21.730 I heard the Messenger of Allah, 00:16:21.730 --> 00:16:23.730 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:16:23.730 --> 00:16:25.730 Saying: 00:16:25.730 --> 00:16:27.730 "Whoever is pleased to have his provision expanded for him, 00:16:27.730 --> 00:16:29.730 Or to have his life prolonged 00:16:29.730 --> 00:16:31.730 In his legacy, 00:16:31.730 --> 00:16:34.429 Let him maintain his ties of kinship." 00:16:34.429 --> 00:16:36.429 Commentary on the hadith: 00:16:36.429 --> 00:16:39.009 "Pleased him": 00:16:39.009 --> 00:16:41.009 Meaning, brought him joy. 00:16:41.009 --> 00:16:43.009 "Expanded": meaning increased. 00:16:43.009 --> 00:16:45.009 "Prolonged for him": 00:16:45.009 --> 00:16:47.009 Meaning, delayed for him and increased 00:16:47.009 --> 00:16:49.009 In his legacy: 00:16:49.009 --> 00:16:51.009 Meaning, what remains of his life. 00:16:51.009 --> 00:16:53.009 "Let him maintain his ties of kinship": 00:16:53.009 --> 00:16:55.009 Maintaining ties of kinship 00:16:55.009 --> 00:16:57.009 Is to include one's relatives in good deeds. 00:16:57.009 --> 00:16:59.009 This may be through wealth, 00:16:59.009 --> 00:17:01.009 Or through service, visiting, 00:17:01.009 --> 00:17:03.330 And the like. 00:17:03.330 --> 00:17:05.329 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:17:05.329 --> 00:17:08.099 It is derived from the hadith: 00:17:08.099 --> 00:17:10.099 That maintaining ties of kinship 00:17:10.099 --> 00:17:12.099 Is an increase and a blessing 00:17:12.099 --> 00:17:14.099 In provision and lifespan. 00:17:14.099 --> 00:17:16.099 The hadith also indicates that abundance of provision 00:17:16.099 --> 00:17:20.180 Is a form of happiness. 00:17:20.180 --> 00:17:22.180 Chapter: The Prophet's purchasing, 00:17:22.180 --> 00:17:24.180 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:17:24.180 --> 00:17:26.690 On credit. 00:17:26.690 --> 00:17:28.690 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:17:28.690 --> 00:17:30.690 She said: 00:17:30.690 --> 00:17:32.690 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, bought 00:17:32.690 --> 00:17:34.690 Food from a Jew 00:17:34.690 --> 00:17:36.819 On credit. 00:17:36.819 --> 00:17:38.880 In one narration: 00:17:38.880 --> 00:17:40.880 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, died 00:17:40.880 --> 00:17:42.880 While his armor was mortgaged 00:17:42.880 --> 00:17:44.880 To a Jew 00:17:44.880 --> 00:17:46.880 For thirty sa' of barley. 00:17:46.880 --> 00:17:48.940 And he mortgaged it: 00:17:48.940 --> 00:17:51.519 A suit of iron armor of his. 00:17:51.519 --> 00:17:53.519 Commentary on the hadith: 00:17:53.519 --> 00:17:55.839 "Food": 00:17:55.839 --> 00:17:57.839 Meaning barley. 00:17:57.839 --> 00:17:59.839 "Jew": 00:17:59.839 --> 00:18:01.839 He is Abu al-Shahm. 00:18:01.839 --> 00:18:03.839 "On credit": 00:18:03.839 --> 00:18:05.839 Meaning until a known deadline. 00:18:05.839 --> 00:18:07.839 "And he mortgaged it": 00:18:07.839 --> 00:18:09.839 "Mortgage" (al-rahn): 00:18:09.839 --> 00:18:11.839 Is the holding of an asset by the creditor 00:18:11.839 --> 00:18:13.839 In case fulfillment of the debt is not possible. 00:18:13.839 --> 00:18:15.839 "Armor": 00:18:15.839 --> 00:18:17.839 This armor, 00:18:17.839 --> 00:18:20.099 It is said, was named 'Dhat al-Fudul'. 00:18:20.099 --> 00:18:22.099 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:18:22.099 --> 00:18:24.960 It is derived from the hadith: 00:18:24.960 --> 00:18:26.960 The permissibility 00:18:26.960 --> 00:18:28.960 Of dealing with a Jew in permissible matters. 00:18:28.960 --> 00:18:30.960 It also contains the permissibility 00:18:30.960 --> 00:18:35.140 Of mortgaging while at home (not traveling). 00:18:35.140 --> 00:18:37.140 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:18:37.140 --> 00:18:39.140 That he walked with the Prophet, 00:18:39.140 --> 00:18:41.140 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:18:41.140 --> 00:18:43.140 With barley bread and fat 00:18:43.140 --> 00:18:45.259 That had turned rancid. 00:18:45.259 --> 00:18:47.259 And the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, did mortgage 00:18:47.259 --> 00:18:49.259 Armor of his in Madinah 00:18:49.259 --> 00:18:51.259 To a Jew, 00:18:51.259 --> 00:18:53.259 And took from him barley 00:18:53.259 --> 00:18:55.259 For his family. 00:18:55.259 --> 00:18:57.259 And I heard him say: 00:18:57.259 --> 00:18:59.259 "There did not remain with the family of Muhammad, 00:18:59.259 --> 00:19:01.259 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:19:01.259 --> 00:19:03.259 A sa' of wheat nor a sa' of grain," 00:19:03.259 --> 00:19:05.259 Even though he had 00:19:05.259 --> 00:19:07.869 Nine wives. 00:19:07.869 --> 00:19:09.869 Commentary on the hadith: 00:19:09.869 --> 00:19:12.420 "Walked": 00:19:12.420 --> 00:19:14.420 Meaning, he went. 00:19:14.420 --> 00:19:16.420 "Fat": meaning what is melted from suet 00:19:16.420 --> 00:19:18.420 Or from a sheep's tail and others. 00:19:18.420 --> 00:19:20.450 "Rancid": 00:19:20.450 --> 00:19:22.450 Meaning, changed in smell. 00:19:22.450 --> 00:19:24.450 "Jew": 00:19:24.450 --> 00:19:27.019 He is Abu al-Shahm. 00:19:27.019 --> 00:19:29.019 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:19:29.019 --> 00:19:31.819 It is derived from the hadith: 00:19:31.819 --> 00:19:33.819 That there is no harm in a person mentioning 00:19:33.819 --> 00:19:35.819 That he does not have 00:19:35.819 --> 00:19:37.819 What sustains him, provided it is not 00:19:37.819 --> 00:19:39.819 In the manner of complaining or discontent. 00:19:39.819 --> 00:19:41.819 It also contains a description 00:19:41.819 --> 00:19:43.819 Of the state of the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:19:43.819 --> 00:19:45.819 Regarding his austerity 00:19:45.819 --> 00:19:47.819 In worldly life. 00:19:47.819 --> 00:19:49.819 It also contains accepting what is available 00:19:49.819 --> 00:19:51.819 Of food. 00:19:51.819 --> 00:19:53.819 And it contains the scholar personally 00:19:53.819 --> 00:19:55.819 Purchasing his own needs, 00:19:55.819 --> 00:19:57.819 Even if he has someone who could suffice him. 00:19:57.819 --> 00:20:01.839 Chapter: A man's earning 00:20:01.839 --> 00:20:04.319 And his working with his own hands. 00:20:04.319 --> 00:20:06.319 On the authority of 'A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, 00:20:06.319 --> 00:20:08.319 She said: 00:20:08.319 --> 00:20:10.319 When Abu Bakr al-Siddiq was made successor, 00:20:10.319 --> 00:20:12.319 He said: 00:20:12.319 --> 00:20:14.319 "My trade was not 00:20:14.319 --> 00:20:16.319 Incapable of providing for my family's needs, 00:20:16.319 --> 00:20:18.319 But I have been occupied with the affairs 00:20:18.319 --> 00:20:20.380 Of the Muslims. 00:20:20.380 --> 00:20:22.380 So the family of Abu Bakr shall eat 00:20:22.380 --> 00:20:24.380 From this wealth, 00:20:24.380 --> 00:20:26.380 And I shall trade for the Muslims with it." 00:20:26.380 --> 00:20:29.089 Commentary on the hadith: 00:20:29.089 --> 00:20:31.630 "Made successor": 00:20:31.630 --> 00:20:33.630 Meaning, he assumed the Caliphate. 00:20:33.630 --> 00:20:35.730 "My trade": 00:20:35.730 --> 00:20:37.730 Trade and working 00:20:37.730 --> 00:20:39.789 Is earning. 00:20:39.789 --> 00:20:41.789 "Was not incapable of providing for my family's needs": 00:20:41.789 --> 00:20:43.789 Meaning, it sufficed me and those I support, 00:20:43.789 --> 00:20:45.789 So we were not in need of anyone. 00:20:45.789 --> 00:20:47.920 "With the affairs of the Muslims": 00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:49.920 Meaning, by looking into their matters 00:20:49.920 --> 00:20:51.920 Because I am the Caliph. 00:20:51.920 --> 00:20:54.049 "The family of Abu Bakr shall eat": 00:20:54.049 --> 00:20:56.049 Meaning himself 00:20:56.049 --> 00:20:58.049 And those whose support is obligatory upon him. 00:20:58.049 --> 00:21:00.180 "I shall trade for the Muslims": 00:21:00.180 --> 00:21:02.180 Meaning, I shall trade on their behalf 00:21:02.180 --> 00:21:04.180 So that there returns to them 00:21:04.180 --> 00:21:06.180 From its profit as much as I have eaten, 00:21:06.180 --> 00:21:08.180 Or more. 00:21:08.180 --> 00:21:10.660 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:21:10.660 --> 00:21:13.390 It is derived from the hadith: 00:21:13.390 --> 00:21:15.390 That the worker 00:21:15.390 --> 00:21:17.390 That he may take from the wealth's profit 00:21:17.390 --> 00:21:19.390 In which he works, according to the value of his labor, 00:21:19.390 --> 00:21:21.390 Provided there is not above him 00:21:21.390 --> 00:21:23.390 An authority who sets for him 00:21:23.390 --> 00:21:25.490 A known wage. 00:21:25.490 --> 00:21:27.490 In this is evidence that the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, 00:21:27.490 --> 00:21:29.490 Used to earn 00:21:29.490 --> 00:21:31.490 With their own hands, and it illustrates 00:21:31.490 --> 00:21:33.490 The humility they possessed. 00:21:33.490 --> 00:21:37.539 From al-Miqdam, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:21:37.539 --> 00:21:39.539 From the Messenger of Allah, 00:21:39.539 --> 00:21:41.539 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:21:41.539 --> 00:21:43.569 Who said: 00:21:43.569 --> 00:21:45.569 "No one has ever eaten food 00:21:45.569 --> 00:21:47.569 Better than that which he eats 00:21:47.569 --> 00:21:49.569 From the work of his own hands. 00:21:49.569 --> 00:21:51.569 And indeed, the Prophet of Allah, Dawud (David), 00:21:51.569 --> 00:21:53.569 Peace be upon him, 00:21:53.569 --> 00:21:55.569 Used to eat from the work of his own hands." 00:21:55.569 --> 00:21:58.140 Commentary on the hadith: 00:21:58.140 --> 00:22:00.430 Dawud, peace be upon him, 00:22:00.430 --> 00:22:02.430 Used to eat from the work of his own hands; 00:22:02.430 --> 00:22:04.430 He used to craft 00:22:04.430 --> 00:22:06.430 Armor from iron, 00:22:06.430 --> 00:22:08.690 As stated by the Qur'an. 00:22:08.690 --> 00:22:10.690 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:22:10.690 --> 00:22:13.519 It is derived from the hadith 00:22:13.519 --> 00:22:15.519 That the best of earnings 00:22:15.519 --> 00:22:17.519 Is what a man earns with his own hand. 00:22:17.519 --> 00:22:19.519 It also contains an encouragement 00:22:19.519 --> 00:22:21.519 Toward trades and crafts. 00:22:21.519 --> 00:22:25.279 From Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:22:25.279 --> 00:22:27.279 From the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:22:27.279 --> 00:22:29.279 Who said: 00:22:29.279 --> 00:22:31.279 "The recitation of the Qur'an was made easy for Dawud, 00:22:31.279 --> 00:22:33.279 Peace be upon him; 00:22:33.279 --> 00:22:35.279 So he would command 00:22:35.279 --> 00:22:37.279 That his mounts be saddled, 00:22:37.279 --> 00:22:39.279 And he would recite the Qur'an 00:22:39.279 --> 00:22:41.279 Before his mounts were saddled, 00:22:41.279 --> 00:22:43.279 And he would not eat except from the work of his own hands." 00:22:43.279 --> 00:22:45.630 Commentary on the hadith: 00:22:45.630 --> 00:22:47.630 "Made easy" (khuffifa), 00:22:47.630 --> 00:22:49.890 Meaning it was facilitated. 00:22:49.890 --> 00:22:51.920 "That they be saddled" (fatusraj), 00:22:51.920 --> 00:22:53.920 "Saddling" (israj) 00:22:53.920 --> 00:22:55.920 Is the tightening of the saddle on the mount 00:22:55.920 --> 00:22:58.180 So that it may be ridden. 00:22:58.180 --> 00:23:00.180 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:23:00.180 --> 00:23:02.880 It is derived from the hadith 00:23:02.880 --> 00:23:04.880 The virtue of reciting the words of Allah, the Almighty and Majestic. 00:23:04.880 --> 00:23:06.880 It also contains the permissibility of reciting quickly 00:23:06.880 --> 00:23:08.880 During recitation 00:23:08.880 --> 00:23:10.880 For the purpose of memorization and study, 00:23:10.880 --> 00:23:12.880 While reserving another time for contemplation. 00:23:12.880 --> 00:23:16.930 Chapter: Ease and Generosity 00:23:16.930 --> 00:23:18.930 In buying and selling, 00:23:18.930 --> 00:23:20.930 And whoever seeks a right, 00:23:20.930 --> 00:23:22.930 Let him seek it with decency. 00:23:22.930 --> 00:23:25.250 From Jabir 00:23:25.250 --> 00:23:27.250 Ibn 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:23:27.250 --> 00:23:29.250 That the Messenger of Allah, 00:23:29.250 --> 00:23:31.250 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:23:31.250 --> 00:23:33.250 Said: 00:23:33.250 --> 00:23:35.250 "May Allah have mercy on a man who is easy-going 00:23:35.250 --> 00:23:37.250 When he sells, 00:23:37.250 --> 00:23:39.250 When he buys, 00:23:39.250 --> 00:23:41.700 And when he demands his due." 00:23:41.700 --> 00:23:44.049 The hadith. 00:23:44.049 --> 00:23:46.049 "May Allah have mercy" 00:23:46.049 --> 00:23:48.049 Can be interpreted as a supplication, 00:23:48.049 --> 00:23:50.049 Or it can be interpreted as a statement of fact. 00:23:50.049 --> 00:23:52.049 "Easy-going" (samhan) 00:23:52.049 --> 00:23:54.049 Refers to generosity, 00:23:54.049 --> 00:23:56.109 Magnanimity and giving, 00:23:56.109 --> 00:23:58.369 Characterized by kindness and open-handedness. 00:23:58.369 --> 00:24:00.369 "Demands his due" (iqtada), 00:24:00.369 --> 00:24:03.099 Meaning he collects what is owed to him. 00:24:03.099 --> 00:24:05.099 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:24:05.099 --> 00:24:07.099 It is derived from the hadith 00:24:07.099 --> 00:24:09.099 The encouragement to employ 00:24:09.099 --> 00:24:11.099 Noble character in sales. 00:24:11.099 --> 00:24:13.099 It is supported by the saying: 00:24:13.099 --> 00:24:17.150 "And take what is given freely from them." 00:24:17.150 --> 00:24:19.599 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Wealthy Debtor 00:24:19.599 --> 00:24:21.599 From Hudhayfah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:24:21.599 --> 00:24:23.599 Who said: 00:24:23.599 --> 00:24:25.599 I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:24:25.599 --> 00:24:27.599 Say: 00:24:27.599 --> 00:24:29.599 "A man from those before you 00:24:29.599 --> 00:24:31.599 Was visited by an angel 00:24:31.599 --> 00:24:33.599 To take his soul. 00:24:33.599 --> 00:24:35.599 It was said to him: 00:24:35.599 --> 00:24:37.599 'Have you done any good?' 00:24:37.599 --> 00:24:39.599 He said: 'I do not know.' 00:24:39.599 --> 00:24:41.599 It was said to him: 00:24:41.599 --> 00:24:43.599 He said: 00:24:43.599 --> 00:24:45.599 'I do not know of anything, 00:24:45.599 --> 00:24:47.599 Except that I used to trade with people 00:24:47.599 --> 00:24:49.599 In the world and settle accounts with them; 00:24:49.599 --> 00:24:51.599 So I would grant respite to the wealthy, 00:24:51.599 --> 00:24:53.599 And overlook the needy.' 00:24:53.599 --> 00:24:55.599 So Allah admitted him 00:24:55.599 --> 00:24:57.859 Into Paradise." 00:24:57.859 --> 00:24:59.859 In one narration: 00:24:59.859 --> 00:25:01.859 "I would overlook the wealthy, 00:25:01.859 --> 00:25:03.859 And lighten the burden for the needy." 00:25:03.859 --> 00:25:06.180 So he was forgiven. 00:25:06.180 --> 00:25:08.180 Commentary on the hadith: 00:25:08.180 --> 00:25:10.690 "Was visited by an angel," 00:25:10.690 --> 00:25:12.690 Meaning the Angel of Death came to him. 00:25:12.690 --> 00:25:14.720 "Think/Recall" (anzur), 00:25:14.720 --> 00:25:16.720 Meaning reflect and remember. 00:25:16.720 --> 00:25:18.750 "Settle accounts" (ajazihim), 00:25:18.750 --> 00:25:21.039 Meaning I would collect the rights owed to me from them. 00:25:21.039 --> 00:25:23.039 "Grant respite" (fa-unziru), 00:25:23.039 --> 00:25:25.039 Meaning I would give them time. 00:25:25.039 --> 00:25:27.039 "The wealthy" (al-musir), 00:25:27.039 --> 00:25:29.140 Meaning the one capable of paying. 00:25:29.140 --> 00:25:31.140 "Overlook" (atajawazu), 00:25:31.140 --> 00:25:33.200 Meaning I would be lenient in demanding and collecting. 00:25:33.200 --> 00:25:35.200 "The needy" (al-mu'sir), 00:25:35.200 --> 00:25:37.200 The one who is unable to pay the debt. 00:25:37.200 --> 00:25:39.710 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:25:39.710 --> 00:25:42.509 It is derived from the hadith 00:25:42.509 --> 00:25:44.509 That from the vastness of the mercy of Allah, the Almighty, 00:25:44.509 --> 00:25:46.509 And His grace, 00:25:46.509 --> 00:25:48.509 Is that He forgives sins 00:25:48.509 --> 00:25:50.509 Through the smallest good deed 00:25:50.509 --> 00:25:52.509 Found in the servant, 00:25:52.509 --> 00:25:54.509 On the condition of sincerity. 00:25:54.509 --> 00:25:56.509 It also shows that the servant is held to account at his death 00:25:56.509 --> 00:25:58.509 To some extent. 00:25:58.509 --> 00:26:00.509 It also shows that the law of those before us 00:26:00.509 --> 00:26:02.509 Is a law for us, 00:26:02.509 --> 00:26:04.509 Provided it does not contradict our own law. 00:26:04.509 --> 00:26:08.529 It also contains details. 00:26:08.529 --> 00:26:10.750 Chapter: Whoever Grants Respite to a Needy Debtor 00:26:10.750 --> 00:26:12.750 From Abu Hurayrah, 00:26:12.750 --> 00:26:14.750 That the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:26:14.750 --> 00:26:16.750 Said: 00:26:16.750 --> 00:26:18.750 "A man used to lend 00:26:18.750 --> 00:26:20.750 To people." 00:26:20.750 --> 00:26:22.750 In one narration: "A merchant." 00:26:22.750 --> 00:26:24.750 He would say to his servant: 00:26:24.750 --> 00:26:26.750 "If you come to a needy person, 00:26:26.750 --> 00:26:28.750 Then overlook his debt, 00:26:28.750 --> 00:26:30.750 Perhaps Allah will overlook 00:26:30.750 --> 00:26:32.849 Our sins." 00:26:32.849 --> 00:26:34.849 He said: "So he met Allah, 00:26:34.849 --> 00:26:37.299 And He overlooked his sins." 00:26:37.299 --> 00:26:39.299 Commentary on the hadith: 00:26:39.299 --> 00:26:41.579 "Used to lend" (yudayinu), 00:26:41.579 --> 00:26:43.579 Meaning selling to people on credit. 00:26:43.579 --> 00:26:45.579 "Servant" (fatan), 00:26:45.579 --> 00:26:47.579 Meaning his boy and worker. 00:26:47.579 --> 00:26:49.839 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:26:49.839 --> 00:26:52.539 It is derived from the hadith 00:26:52.539 --> 00:26:54.539 That the recompense 00:26:54.539 --> 00:26:56.539 Is of the same nature as the deed. 00:26:56.539 --> 00:26:58.539 It also shows the permissibility of selling on credit. 00:26:58.539 --> 00:27:00.539 It also contains the encouragement toward ease 00:27:00.539 --> 00:27:02.539 In buying and selling. 00:27:02.539 --> 00:27:04.539 It also shows the legitimacy of agency. 00:27:04.539 --> 00:27:08.660 Chapter: If 00:27:08.660 --> 00:27:10.660 The two parties in a transaction are clear, 00:27:10.660 --> 00:27:12.980 And they are truthful and sincere. 00:27:12.980 --> 00:27:14.980 From Hakim Ibn Hizam, 00:27:14.980 --> 00:27:16.980 May Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:27:16.980 --> 00:27:18.980 The Messenger of Allah, 00:27:18.980 --> 00:27:20.980 Peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:27:20.980 --> 00:27:22.980 "The two parties in a transaction have the option 00:27:22.980 --> 00:27:24.980 As long as they have not separated," 00:27:24.980 --> 00:27:26.980 Or he said: 00:27:26.980 --> 00:27:28.980 "Until they separate. 00:27:28.980 --> 00:27:30.980 If they are truthful and clear, 00:27:30.980 --> 00:27:32.980 Their transaction will be blessed. 00:27:32.980 --> 00:27:34.980 And if they conceal 00:27:34.980 --> 00:27:36.980 And lie, 00:27:36.980 --> 00:27:39.390 The blessing of their transaction will be wiped out." 00:27:39.390 --> 00:27:41.390 Commentary on the hadith: 00:27:41.390 --> 00:27:44.029 "The two parties" (al-bayyi'ani), 00:27:44.029 --> 00:27:46.029 Meaning the seller and the buyer. 00:27:46.029 --> 00:27:48.029 "Have the option" (bil-khiyar), 00:27:48.029 --> 00:27:50.029 Meaning the choice between finalizing the sale or annulling it. 00:27:50.029 --> 00:27:52.029 "As long as they have not separated," 00:27:52.029 --> 00:27:54.029 Meaning physically. 00:27:54.029 --> 00:27:56.029 It is also said: by speech. 00:27:56.029 --> 00:27:58.029 "Clear" (bayyana), 00:27:58.029 --> 00:28:00.029 Meaning he disclosed the defect in the transaction. 00:28:00.029 --> 00:28:02.289 "Blessed" (burika), 00:28:02.289 --> 00:28:04.289 Meaning the benefit of the commodity and the price increased. 00:28:04.289 --> 00:28:06.380 "Concealed" (katama), 00:28:06.380 --> 00:28:08.380 Meaning he hid the defect in the transaction. 00:28:08.380 --> 00:28:10.539 "Wiped out" (muhiqat), 00:28:10.539 --> 00:28:12.539 "Wiping out" (al-mahq) 00:28:12.539 --> 00:28:14.539 Is the decrease and the departure of blessing. 00:28:14.539 --> 00:28:16.990 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:28:16.990 --> 00:28:19.859 One derives from this hadith 00:28:19.859 --> 00:28:21.859 that offering sincere counsel to a fellow Muslim 00:28:21.859 --> 00:28:23.859 is an obligation. 00:28:23.859 --> 00:28:25.859 This is the fundamental principle in all dealings. 00:28:25.859 --> 00:28:27.859 It also contains the prohibition of fraud 00:28:27.859 --> 00:28:29.859 and deception in transactions, 00:28:29.859 --> 00:28:31.859 whether financial or otherwise. 00:28:31.859 --> 00:28:33.859 It further establishes the principle of being treated 00:28:33.859 --> 00:28:35.859 with the opposite of one’s intent, 00:28:35.859 --> 00:28:37.859 for the blessing of the sale is erased, 00:28:37.859 --> 00:28:39.859 along with the increase and growth the merchant sought. 00:28:43.230 --> 00:28:45.230 Chapter: The Sale of Mixed Dates 00:28:45.230 --> 00:28:47.650 On the authority of Abu Sa'id, 00:28:47.650 --> 00:28:49.650 may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:28:49.650 --> 00:28:51.650 We used to be provided with 00:28:51.650 --> 00:28:53.650 "jam'" dates, 00:28:53.650 --> 00:28:55.650 which are mixed dates. 00:28:55.650 --> 00:28:57.650 We would sell two sa's for one sa'. 00:28:57.650 --> 00:28:59.680 The Prophet, 00:28:59.680 --> 00:29:01.680 peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said: 00:29:01.680 --> 00:29:03.680 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa', 00:29:03.680 --> 00:29:05.680 nor two dirhams 00:29:05.680 --> 00:29:08.220 for one dirham." 00:29:08.220 --> 00:29:10.220 Commentary on the hadith: 00:29:10.220 --> 00:29:12.539 "Mixed" (al-khalt) 00:29:12.539 --> 00:29:14.539 refers to dates consisting of various 00:29:14.539 --> 00:29:16.670 different types. 00:29:16.670 --> 00:29:18.670 "Do not sell two sa's for one sa'" 00:29:18.670 --> 00:29:20.670 means: do not sell two sa's for one sa'. 00:29:20.670 --> 00:29:22.670 This is because all dates 00:29:22.670 --> 00:29:24.670 are of the same genus. 00:29:24.670 --> 00:29:26.670 "Nor two dirhams" 00:29:26.670 --> 00:29:29.059 refers to the silver dirham. 00:29:29.059 --> 00:29:31.059 Among the benefits of the hadith: 00:29:31.059 --> 00:29:33.890 It is derived from the hadith 00:29:33.890 --> 00:29:35.890 that it is not permissible to have a disparity in quantity 00:29:35.890 --> 00:29:37.890 when exchanging items of the same genus 00:29:37.890 --> 00:29:39.890 from among the usurious commodities. 00:29:39.890 --> 00:29:41.890 It also indicates that high-quality and low-quality items 00:29:41.890 --> 00:29:43.890 are treated equally in this regard.