1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,469 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 2 00:00:05,469 --> 00:00:07,469 A summary of the book: 3 00:00:07,469 --> 00:00:11,470 Ramadan: Events and Lessons. 4 00:00:11,470 --> 00:00:16,140 The Battle of al-Buwayb. 5 00:00:16,140 --> 00:00:20,320 The timing during the month of Ramadan. 6 00:00:20,320 --> 00:00:23,320 From the thirteenth year of the Hijrah. 7 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:30,100 Affairs had stabilized for the Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula 8 00:00:30,100 --> 00:00:33,100 following the suppression of the Apostasy movement, 9 00:00:33,100 --> 00:00:38,100 which had sought to return the people to the pre-Islamic era. 10 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:42,200 Allah, the Exalted, had prepared for this the Rightly Guided Caliph, 11 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:45,200 Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, 12 00:00:45,200 --> 00:00:47,200 who extinguished its embers 13 00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:50,200 and halted its flood with his unique wisdom 14 00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:52,200 and firm resolve. 15 00:00:52,200 --> 00:00:55,200 Through this, the people were firmly established upon Islam, 16 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:58,200 the dreams of the apostates crumbled, 17 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,200 and their hopes vanished like dust in the wind. 18 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:06,459 After the Muslims achieved this great victory, 19 00:01:06,459 --> 00:01:09,459 which led to internal stability, 20 00:01:09,459 --> 00:01:13,459 the Muslims aspired to conquer the lands of the Levant and Iraq. 21 00:01:13,459 --> 00:01:16,680 The seasoned commander, 22 00:01:16,680 --> 00:01:19,680 al-Muthanna ibn Harithah al-Shaybani, 23 00:01:19,680 --> 00:01:23,680 sought permission from the Caliph Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with them both, 24 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:25,680 to invade Iraq, 25 00:01:25,680 --> 00:01:28,680 which was then under the control of the Persians. 26 00:01:28,680 --> 00:01:31,680 Al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, received 27 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:34,709 this request with approval, 28 00:01:34,709 --> 00:01:37,709 and he sent word to Khalid ibn al-Walid, may Allah be pleased with him, 29 00:01:37,709 --> 00:01:41,709 ordering him to invade Iraq from its southern flank. 30 00:01:41,709 --> 00:01:44,709 He then reinforced him with al-Muthanna, 31 00:01:44,709 --> 00:01:46,709 and ordered Iyad ibn Ghanm 32 00:01:46,709 --> 00:01:49,709 to begin at al-Musaykh from the upper reaches of Iraq, 33 00:01:49,709 --> 00:01:53,709 all occurring at the beginning of the twelfth year of the Hijrah. 34 00:01:53,709 --> 00:01:57,810 Khalid marched with ten thousand fighters, 35 00:01:57,810 --> 00:02:01,810 and al-Muthanna joined him with eight thousand. 36 00:02:01,810 --> 00:02:03,810 They began at al-Hirah, 37 00:02:03,810 --> 00:02:06,810 where they encountered the Persians 38 00:02:06,810 --> 00:02:09,810 and dealt them a crushing defeat. 39 00:02:09,810 --> 00:02:12,810 Khalid then spread out across Iraq, 40 00:02:12,810 --> 00:02:15,840 conquering it city by city. 41 00:02:15,840 --> 00:02:18,840 However, the ongoing developments in the Levant, 42 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:21,840 represented by the massive Roman mobilizations 43 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:23,840 to fight the Muslims, 44 00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:26,840 caused Abu Bakr to send word to Khalid, 45 00:02:26,840 --> 00:02:29,840 requesting him to hasten to the aid of the Levant. 46 00:02:29,840 --> 00:02:31,840 Khalid departed, 47 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:35,840 leaving al-Muthanna with a group of Muslims in Iraq. 48 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,099 Al-Muthanna remained there, 49 00:02:39,099 --> 00:02:43,099 and sensing Persian mobilization movements, 50 00:02:43,099 --> 00:02:46,099 he hurried personally to Medina 51 00:02:46,099 --> 00:02:49,099 to seek aid from the Caliph of the Muslims, 52 00:02:49,099 --> 00:02:51,099 requesting reinforcements. 53 00:02:51,099 --> 00:02:54,099 His arrival was in the final days 54 00:02:54,099 --> 00:02:57,099 of the life of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. 55 00:02:57,099 --> 00:03:00,189 The successor to al-Siddiq, Umar al-Faruq, then provided 56 00:03:00,189 --> 00:03:03,189 the reinforcements for al-Muthanna. 57 00:03:03,189 --> 00:03:05,189 Without delay, 58 00:03:05,189 --> 00:03:08,189 Umar, upon assuming the Caliphate, hastened 59 00:03:08,189 --> 00:03:11,189 to reinforce al-Muthanna with a group of Muslims 60 00:03:11,189 --> 00:03:15,189 under the command of Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi. 61 00:03:15,189 --> 00:03:18,259 He marched with his force to Iraq, 62 00:03:18,259 --> 00:03:21,259 and they met the Persians at the Battle of the Bridge, 63 00:03:21,259 --> 00:03:24,259 which ended in the defeat of the Muslims 64 00:03:24,259 --> 00:03:27,259 and the death of a large number of them, 65 00:03:27,259 --> 00:03:31,259 foremost among them the Muslim commander, Abu Ubayd. 66 00:03:31,259 --> 00:03:34,289 When the news reached the Caliph Umar, 67 00:03:34,289 --> 00:03:38,289 he realized that Iraq required large numbers 68 00:03:38,289 --> 00:03:41,289 due to the sheer size of the Persian forces 69 00:03:41,289 --> 00:03:46,289 and their use of elephants, from which horses and camels would flee. 70 00:03:46,289 --> 00:03:49,289 Umar called upon the tribes for aid, 71 00:03:49,289 --> 00:03:52,289 and large crowds came to Medina 72 00:03:52,289 --> 00:03:56,289 from various parts of the Arabian Peninsula. 73 00:03:56,289 --> 00:04:00,289 Umar dispatched these reinforcements to aid al-Muthanna, 74 00:04:00,289 --> 00:04:05,289 and with this force, the Muslims fought at al-Buwayb. 75 00:04:05,289 --> 00:04:09,569 The time and place of the event: 76 00:04:09,569 --> 00:04:13,860 This battle is called the Battle of al-Buwayb, 77 00:04:13,860 --> 00:04:16,860 named after the location where it took place. 78 00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:22,860 Al-Buwayb is a river in Iraq near the site of Kufa, 79 00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:26,860 branching off from the Euphrates at Dar al-Rizq. 80 00:04:26,860 --> 00:04:30,949 This battle took place in the month of Ramadan, 81 00:04:30,949 --> 00:04:34,589 in the year thirteen of the Hijrah. 82 00:04:34,589 --> 00:04:36,589 Before the battle: 83 00:04:36,589 --> 00:04:40,939 When the reinforcements reached al-Muthanna, 84 00:04:40,939 --> 00:04:42,939 the Muslim army was complete, 85 00:04:42,939 --> 00:04:46,939 and it was fully prepared to engage the Persians. 86 00:04:46,939 --> 00:04:50,939 Its overall command was held by al-Muthanna ibn Harithah. 87 00:04:50,939 --> 00:04:55,069 When the Persians heard of this preparation, 88 00:04:55,069 --> 00:04:59,069 they sent an army led by Mihran al-Hamadhani. 89 00:04:59,069 --> 00:05:03,230 When the Muslims were defeated at the Battle of the Bridge, 90 00:05:03,230 --> 00:05:06,230 it emboldened the Persians against them, 91 00:05:06,230 --> 00:05:11,230 thinking that the Muslims had been weakened by the previous loss. 92 00:05:11,230 --> 00:05:13,300 As for the Muslims, 93 00:05:13,300 --> 00:05:16,300 their enthusiasm for the Battle of al-Buwayb intensified, 94 00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:19,300 seeking revenge for their previous defeat. 95 00:05:19,300 --> 00:05:23,300 In addition to the army that came from Medina, 96 00:05:23,300 --> 00:05:27,300 al-Muthanna sought the help of Arab tribes in Iraq, 97 00:05:27,300 --> 00:05:30,300 such as the tribes of Namir and Taghlib, 98 00:05:30,300 --> 00:05:32,300 who were Christians, 99 00:05:32,300 --> 00:05:35,300 and they desired to fight 100 00:05:35,300 --> 00:05:37,300 in support of the Arabs against the Persians. 101 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:42,620 The Muslim army camped on the western bank of the Euphrates, 102 00:05:42,620 --> 00:05:45,620 while the Persian army camped 103 00:05:45,620 --> 00:05:47,620 on the eastern bank. 104 00:05:47,620 --> 00:05:51,779 The Persian army advanced in three ranks, 105 00:05:51,779 --> 00:05:53,779 with an elephant in each rank, 106 00:05:53,779 --> 00:05:56,779 and their infantry in front of their elephants, 107 00:05:56,779 --> 00:05:58,779 making a great clamor. 108 00:05:58,779 --> 00:06:02,810 Then Mihran sent word to al-Muthanna, asking him: 109 00:06:02,810 --> 00:06:04,810 "Either you cross over to us, 110 00:06:04,810 --> 00:06:07,810 or we shall cross over to you." 111 00:06:07,810 --> 00:06:09,810 Al-Muthanna replied: 112 00:06:09,810 --> 00:06:11,810 "You cross over." 113 00:06:11,810 --> 00:06:13,810 So they crossed over to them. 114 00:06:13,810 --> 00:06:16,810 This was a wise plan by al-Muthanna, 115 00:06:16,810 --> 00:06:20,810 learned from the lesson of the Bridge. 116 00:06:20,810 --> 00:06:24,000 Since it was the time of Ramadan, 117 00:06:24,000 --> 00:06:28,000 al-Muthanna resolved that the Muslims should break their fast, 118 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:30,000 so that it would strengthen them. 119 00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:33,000 Thus, they all broke their fast. 120 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:35,000 Al-Muthanna then organized the army, 121 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:40,000 passing by each banner of the tribal leaders, 122 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:46,060 exhorting them and urging them to jihad, patience, and silence. 123 00:06:46,060 --> 00:06:48,060 To all of them he said: 124 00:06:48,060 --> 00:06:53,160 "I hope that the people will not be defeated through you today. 125 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:56,160 By Allah, nothing pleases me today for myself 126 00:06:56,160 --> 00:07:00,160 except that it also pleases me for all of you." 127 00:07:00,160 --> 00:07:03,259 They responded to him in kind. 128 00:07:03,259 --> 00:07:06,259 He was fair with them in both word and deed, 129 00:07:06,259 --> 00:07:11,259 so no one could find fault with any of his words or actions. 130 00:07:11,259 --> 00:07:16,259 Among the leaders was Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali, may Allah be pleased with him, with his tribe, 131 00:07:16,259 --> 00:07:20,259 and a group of the notables of the Muslims. 132 00:07:20,259 --> 00:07:22,420 Al-Muthanna said to them: 133 00:07:22,420 --> 00:07:25,420 "I will say 'Allahu Akbar' three times; 134 00:07:25,420 --> 00:07:27,420 be prepared. 135 00:07:27,420 --> 00:07:30,420 When I say it the fourth time, then charge." 136 00:07:30,420 --> 00:07:35,420 They met his command with hearing, obedience, and acceptance. 137 00:07:35,420 --> 00:07:39,819 The bloody encounter: 138 00:07:39,819 --> 00:07:42,819 When al-Muthanna said the first takbir, 139 00:07:42,819 --> 00:07:44,819 the Persians rushed them, 140 00:07:44,819 --> 00:07:47,819 and they charged until they clashed. 141 00:07:47,819 --> 00:07:50,819 They fought a fierce battle. 142 00:07:50,819 --> 00:07:54,819 Al-Muthanna noticed a weakness in some of the ranks of Banu 'Ijl, 143 00:07:54,819 --> 00:07:57,819 so he sent a man to them saying: 144 00:07:57,819 --> 00:08:01,819 "The commander sends you his greetings and says to you: 145 00:08:01,819 --> 00:08:04,819 'Do not disgrace the Arabs today.'" 146 00:08:04,819 --> 00:08:06,819 They straightened their lines. 147 00:08:06,819 --> 00:08:10,819 When he saw that from them, he was pleased and smiled. 148 00:08:10,819 --> 00:08:13,920 He sent word to the people saying: 149 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:16,920 "O company of Muslims, be steadfast! 150 00:08:16,920 --> 00:08:20,050 Help Allah, and He will help you." 151 00:08:20,050 --> 00:08:25,050 Al-Muthanna and the Muslims continued to call upon Allah for victory and triumph. 152 00:08:25,050 --> 00:08:28,300 When the battle dragged on, 153 00:08:28,300 --> 00:08:33,299 al-Muthanna gathered a group of his heroic companions to protect his rear, 154 00:08:33,299 --> 00:08:35,299 and he charged at Mihran, 155 00:08:35,299 --> 00:08:39,299 forcing him from his position until he entered the fray. 156 00:08:39,299 --> 00:08:43,299 Then they intermingled, and the two centers clashed. 157 00:08:43,299 --> 00:08:47,299 Dust rose, and the flanks were engaged in fighting, 158 00:08:47,299 --> 00:08:51,299 unable to break away to help their commander. 159 00:08:51,299 --> 00:08:54,299 Both the Muslims and the polytheists were locked in combat. 160 00:08:54,299 --> 00:08:57,299 A young man from the Christian tribe of Taghlib charged, 161 00:08:57,299 --> 00:09:00,299 killed Mihran, and mounted his horse. 162 00:09:00,299 --> 00:09:02,299 It is also said 163 00:09:02,299 --> 00:09:07,299 that al-Muthanna ibn Harithah ibn Dirar al-Dabbi charged at him and stabbed him, 164 00:09:07,299 --> 00:09:11,299 and Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali severed his head. 165 00:09:11,299 --> 00:09:15,399 This struck the heart of the Muslims into the heart of the polytheists. 166 00:09:15,399 --> 00:09:19,399 Mas'ud, the brother of al-Muthanna, was wounded that day, 167 00:09:19,399 --> 00:09:22,559 along with a group of Muslim notables. 168 00:09:22,559 --> 00:09:26,559 When Mas'ud was wounded, those with him were shaken, 169 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:28,559 so he said: 170 00:09:28,559 --> 00:09:30,559 "O company of Bakr, 171 00:09:30,559 --> 00:09:33,559 raise your banner, may Allah raise you up! 172 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:36,559 Do not let my fall alarm you." 173 00:09:36,559 --> 00:09:39,559 Al-Muthanna had told them: 174 00:09:39,559 --> 00:09:41,559 "If you see that we have been struck, 175 00:09:41,559 --> 00:09:44,559 do not abandon your positions. 176 00:09:44,559 --> 00:09:47,559 Hold your ranks, 177 00:09:47,559 --> 00:09:50,820 and perform the duty of those next to you." 178 00:09:50,820 --> 00:09:52,820 When the Muslims saw that al-Muthanna 179 00:09:52,820 --> 00:09:55,820 had broken the center and decimated its ranks, 180 00:09:55,820 --> 00:10:00,820 and that the Muslim flanks were holding against the flanks of the polytheists, 181 00:10:00,820 --> 00:10:04,820 they began to drive the Persians back. 182 00:10:04,820 --> 00:10:09,820 Al-Muthanna and the Muslims in the center continued to pray for victory, 183 00:10:09,820 --> 00:10:13,820 sending men to encourage them, saying: 184 00:10:13,820 --> 00:10:16,820 "Be steadfast as your peers are! 185 00:10:16,820 --> 00:10:19,820 Help Allah, and He will help you." 186 00:10:19,820 --> 00:10:21,820 Until they defeated the Persians. 187 00:10:21,820 --> 00:10:25,820 The Magians fled when their resistance weakened, 188 00:10:25,820 --> 00:10:30,820 and the Muslims pursued them, cutting them down. 189 00:10:30,820 --> 00:10:33,820 Al-Muthanna ibn Harithah raced to the bridge, 190 00:10:33,820 --> 00:10:37,820 standing upon it to prevent the Persians from crossing, 191 00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:40,820 so that the Muslims could finish them off. 192 00:10:40,820 --> 00:10:46,820 They pursued them for the rest of that day and that night. 193 00:10:46,820 --> 00:10:49,820 Many were killed that day, 194 00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:53,710 and many drowned in the river. 195 00:10:53,710 --> 00:10:55,710 Results of the battle: 196 00:10:55,710 --> 00:10:59,970 This battle was a great blow to the Persians 197 00:10:59,970 --> 00:11:02,970 and a great joy for the Muslims. 198 00:11:02,970 --> 00:11:07,970 Its results were a prelude to the great victory over the Persians. 199 00:11:07,970 --> 00:11:10,970 Among the outcomes of the battle: 200 00:11:10,970 --> 00:11:11,970 First: 201 00:11:11,970 --> 00:11:14,970 The killing of the Persian commander, Mihran, 202 00:11:14,970 --> 00:11:17,970 Along with a large number of his soldiers and officers. 203 00:11:17,970 --> 00:11:22,970 Nevertheless, a significant number of Muslims were also killed, 204 00:11:22,970 --> 00:11:25,970 Estimated at four thousand. 205 00:11:25,970 --> 00:11:29,970 Yet, this is a small number compared to the Persian casualties. 206 00:11:29,970 --> 00:11:32,029 Second: 207 00:11:32,029 --> 00:11:36,029 This victory encouraged the Muslims to continue their campaign in Iraq, 208 00:11:36,029 --> 00:11:40,029 And to advance toward new conquests thereafter. 209 00:11:40,029 --> 00:11:48,029 This battle served as a prelude to the decisive Muslim victory over the Persians at al-Qadisiyyah. 210 00:11:48,029 --> 00:11:50,059 Third: 211 00:11:50,059 --> 00:11:54,059 When the polytheist Persians suffered this crushing defeat, 212 00:11:54,059 --> 00:12:00,059 The Persian nobility agreed upon a series of leadership changes. 213 00:12:00,059 --> 00:12:03,059 They began by deposing their former monarch, 214 00:12:03,059 --> 00:12:04,059 Boran-dukht, 215 00:12:04,059 --> 00:12:08,059 And installing a new ruler from the lineage of Khosrow, 216 00:12:09,059 --> 00:12:13,100 Who was Yazdegerd ibn Shahriyar, son of Khosrow. 217 00:12:13,100 --> 00:12:17,100 And installing a new ruler from the lineage of Khosrow, 218 00:12:17,100 --> 00:12:21,159 Who was Yazdegerd ibn Shahriyar, son of Khosrow. 219 00:12:21,159 --> 00:12:26,159 This new king proceeded to reorganize the general military command, 220 00:12:26,159 --> 00:12:29,159 Entrusting it to Rostam, 221 00:12:29,159 --> 00:12:33,159 And tasking him with fighting the Muslims in the future. 222 00:12:33,159 --> 00:12:34,159 Fourth: 223 00:12:34,159 --> 00:12:39,159 The abundant spoils of war that the Muslims seized from the Persians. 224 00:12:39,159 --> 00:12:43,279 In this event, there are lessons to be learned: 225 00:12:43,279 --> 00:12:44,279 First: 226 00:12:44,279 --> 00:12:48,279 Defeat is not a final loss; 227 00:12:48,279 --> 00:12:52,279 Rather, it is a profound lesson that reveals mistakes, 228 00:12:52,279 --> 00:12:54,279 To be avoided in the future. 229 00:12:54,279 --> 00:12:58,279 Thus, al-Muthanna benefited from the lesson of the Battle of the Bridge, 230 00:12:58,279 --> 00:13:00,279 And consequently triumphed at al-Buwayb. 231 00:13:00,279 --> 00:13:02,470 Second: 232 00:13:02,470 --> 00:13:05,470 Arrogance leads to defeat. 233 00:13:05,470 --> 00:13:08,470 A wise person, no matter how thoroughly they defeat their enemy, 234 00:13:08,470 --> 00:13:11,470 Does not underestimate them in future encounters, 235 00:13:11,470 --> 00:13:15,470 Nor does it slip from their mind the Sunnah that war is a cycle of turns, 236 00:13:15,470 --> 00:13:17,470 That days alternate between people, 237 00:13:17,470 --> 00:13:20,600 And that time is ever-changing. 238 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:21,600 Third: 239 00:13:21,600 --> 00:13:25,600 The sincere mujahid does not seek titles, 240 00:13:25,600 --> 00:13:30,629 Nor does he chase fame or strive to cast the spotlight upon his heroism. 241 00:13:30,629 --> 00:13:33,629 It is sufficient for him that Allah knows him, 242 00:13:33,629 --> 00:13:36,860 Even if humans and their leaders do not. 243 00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:38,860 Fourth: 244 00:13:38,860 --> 00:13:41,860 Battle is not merely about courage; 245 00:13:41,860 --> 00:13:44,860 Rather, it is about preparation, planning, and tactics, 246 00:13:44,860 --> 00:13:46,860 As well as wisdom and patience. 247 00:13:46,860 --> 00:13:49,080 Fifth: 248 00:13:49,080 --> 00:13:52,080 The importance of turning to Allah the Exalted 249 00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:54,080 When encountering enemies, 250 00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:57,080 The immense impact of supplicating to Him, 251 00:13:57,080 --> 00:14:01,100 And placing one's trust in Him. 252 00:14:01,100 --> 00:14:05,100 Ramadan: Events and Lessons.