WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.469 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.469 --> 00:00:07.469 A summary of the book: 00:00:07.469 --> 00:00:11.470 Ramadan: Events and Lessons. 00:00:11.470 --> 00:00:16.140 The Battle of al-Buwayb. 00:00:16.140 --> 00:00:20.320 The timing during the month of Ramadan. 00:00:20.320 --> 00:00:23.320 From the thirteenth year of the Hijrah. 00:00:23.320 --> 00:00:30.100 Affairs had stabilized for the Muslims in the Arabian Peninsula 00:00:30.100 --> 00:00:33.100 following the suppression of the Apostasy movement, 00:00:33.100 --> 00:00:38.100 which had sought to return the people to the pre-Islamic era. 00:00:38.100 --> 00:00:42.200 Allah, the Exalted, had prepared for this the Rightly Guided Caliph, 00:00:42.200 --> 00:00:45.200 Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:00:45.200 --> 00:00:47.200 who extinguished its embers 00:00:47.200 --> 00:00:50.200 and halted its flood with his unique wisdom 00:00:50.200 --> 00:00:52.200 and firm resolve. 00:00:52.200 --> 00:00:55.200 Through this, the people were firmly established upon Islam, 00:00:55.200 --> 00:00:58.200 the dreams of the apostates crumbled, 00:00:58.200 --> 00:01:01.200 and their hopes vanished like dust in the wind. 00:01:02.200 --> 00:01:06.459 After the Muslims achieved this great victory, 00:01:06.459 --> 00:01:09.459 which led to internal stability, 00:01:09.459 --> 00:01:13.459 the Muslims aspired to conquer the lands of the Levant and Iraq. 00:01:13.459 --> 00:01:16.680 The seasoned commander, 00:01:16.680 --> 00:01:19.680 al-Muthanna ibn Harithah al-Shaybani, 00:01:19.680 --> 00:01:23.680 sought permission from the Caliph Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:01:23.680 --> 00:01:25.680 to invade Iraq, 00:01:25.680 --> 00:01:28.680 which was then under the control of the Persians. 00:01:28.680 --> 00:01:31.680 Al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, received 00:01:31.680 --> 00:01:34.709 this request with approval, 00:01:34.709 --> 00:01:37.709 and he sent word to Khalid ibn al-Walid, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:01:37.709 --> 00:01:41.709 ordering him to invade Iraq from its southern flank. 00:01:41.709 --> 00:01:44.709 He then reinforced him with al-Muthanna, 00:01:44.709 --> 00:01:46.709 and ordered Iyad ibn Ghanm 00:01:46.709 --> 00:01:49.709 to begin at al-Musaykh from the upper reaches of Iraq, 00:01:49.709 --> 00:01:53.709 all occurring at the beginning of the twelfth year of the Hijrah. 00:01:53.709 --> 00:01:57.810 Khalid marched with ten thousand fighters, 00:01:57.810 --> 00:02:01.810 and al-Muthanna joined him with eight thousand. 00:02:01.810 --> 00:02:03.810 They began at al-Hirah, 00:02:03.810 --> 00:02:06.810 where they encountered the Persians 00:02:06.810 --> 00:02:09.810 and dealt them a crushing defeat. 00:02:09.810 --> 00:02:12.810 Khalid then spread out across Iraq, 00:02:12.810 --> 00:02:15.840 conquering it city by city. 00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:18.840 However, the ongoing developments in the Levant, 00:02:18.840 --> 00:02:21.840 represented by the massive Roman mobilizations 00:02:21.840 --> 00:02:23.840 to fight the Muslims, 00:02:23.840 --> 00:02:26.840 caused Abu Bakr to send word to Khalid, 00:02:26.840 --> 00:02:29.840 requesting him to hasten to the aid of the Levant. 00:02:29.840 --> 00:02:31.840 Khalid departed, 00:02:31.840 --> 00:02:35.840 leaving al-Muthanna with a group of Muslims in Iraq. 00:02:35.840 --> 00:02:39.099 Al-Muthanna remained there, 00:02:39.099 --> 00:02:43.099 and sensing Persian mobilization movements, 00:02:43.099 --> 00:02:46.099 he hurried personally to Medina 00:02:46.099 --> 00:02:49.099 to seek aid from the Caliph of the Muslims, 00:02:49.099 --> 00:02:51.099 requesting reinforcements. 00:02:51.099 --> 00:02:54.099 His arrival was in the final days 00:02:54.099 --> 00:02:57.099 of the life of Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:02:57.099 --> 00:03:00.189 The successor to al-Siddiq, Umar al-Faruq, then provided 00:03:00.189 --> 00:03:03.189 the reinforcements for al-Muthanna. 00:03:03.189 --> 00:03:05.189 Without delay, 00:03:05.189 --> 00:03:08.189 Umar, upon assuming the Caliphate, hastened 00:03:08.189 --> 00:03:11.189 to reinforce al-Muthanna with a group of Muslims 00:03:11.189 --> 00:03:15.189 under the command of Abu Ubayd ibn Mas'ud al-Thaqafi. 00:03:15.189 --> 00:03:18.259 He marched with his force to Iraq, 00:03:18.259 --> 00:03:21.259 and they met the Persians at the Battle of the Bridge, 00:03:21.259 --> 00:03:24.259 which ended in the defeat of the Muslims 00:03:24.259 --> 00:03:27.259 and the death of a large number of them, 00:03:27.259 --> 00:03:31.259 foremost among them the Muslim commander, Abu Ubayd. 00:03:31.259 --> 00:03:34.289 When the news reached the Caliph Umar, 00:03:34.289 --> 00:03:38.289 he realized that Iraq required large numbers 00:03:38.289 --> 00:03:41.289 due to the sheer size of the Persian forces 00:03:41.289 --> 00:03:46.289 and their use of elephants, from which horses and camels would flee. 00:03:46.289 --> 00:03:49.289 Umar called upon the tribes for aid, 00:03:49.289 --> 00:03:52.289 and large crowds came to Medina 00:03:52.289 --> 00:03:56.289 from various parts of the Arabian Peninsula. 00:03:56.289 --> 00:04:00.289 Umar dispatched these reinforcements to aid al-Muthanna, 00:04:00.289 --> 00:04:05.289 and with this force, the Muslims fought at al-Buwayb. 00:04:05.289 --> 00:04:09.569 The time and place of the event: 00:04:09.569 --> 00:04:13.860 This battle is called the Battle of al-Buwayb, 00:04:13.860 --> 00:04:16.860 named after the location where it took place. 00:04:17.860 --> 00:04:22.860 Al-Buwayb is a river in Iraq near the site of Kufa, 00:04:22.860 --> 00:04:26.860 branching off from the Euphrates at Dar al-Rizq. 00:04:26.860 --> 00:04:30.949 This battle took place in the month of Ramadan, 00:04:30.949 --> 00:04:34.589 in the year thirteen of the Hijrah. 00:04:34.589 --> 00:04:36.589 Before the battle: 00:04:36.589 --> 00:04:40.939 When the reinforcements reached al-Muthanna, 00:04:40.939 --> 00:04:42.939 the Muslim army was complete, 00:04:42.939 --> 00:04:46.939 and it was fully prepared to engage the Persians. 00:04:46.939 --> 00:04:50.939 Its overall command was held by al-Muthanna ibn Harithah. 00:04:50.939 --> 00:04:55.069 When the Persians heard of this preparation, 00:04:55.069 --> 00:04:59.069 they sent an army led by Mihran al-Hamadhani. 00:04:59.069 --> 00:05:03.230 When the Muslims were defeated at the Battle of the Bridge, 00:05:03.230 --> 00:05:06.230 it emboldened the Persians against them, 00:05:06.230 --> 00:05:11.230 thinking that the Muslims had been weakened by the previous loss. 00:05:11.230 --> 00:05:13.300 As for the Muslims, 00:05:13.300 --> 00:05:16.300 their enthusiasm for the Battle of al-Buwayb intensified, 00:05:16.300 --> 00:05:19.300 seeking revenge for their previous defeat. 00:05:19.300 --> 00:05:23.300 In addition to the army that came from Medina, 00:05:23.300 --> 00:05:27.300 al-Muthanna sought the help of Arab tribes in Iraq, 00:05:27.300 --> 00:05:30.300 such as the tribes of Namir and Taghlib, 00:05:30.300 --> 00:05:32.300 who were Christians, 00:05:32.300 --> 00:05:35.300 and they desired to fight 00:05:35.300 --> 00:05:37.300 in support of the Arabs against the Persians. 00:05:37.300 --> 00:05:42.620 The Muslim army camped on the western bank of the Euphrates, 00:05:42.620 --> 00:05:45.620 while the Persian army camped 00:05:45.620 --> 00:05:47.620 on the eastern bank. 00:05:47.620 --> 00:05:51.779 The Persian army advanced in three ranks, 00:05:51.779 --> 00:05:53.779 with an elephant in each rank, 00:05:53.779 --> 00:05:56.779 and their infantry in front of their elephants, 00:05:56.779 --> 00:05:58.779 making a great clamor. 00:05:58.779 --> 00:06:02.810 Then Mihran sent word to al-Muthanna, asking him: 00:06:02.810 --> 00:06:04.810 "Either you cross over to us, 00:06:04.810 --> 00:06:07.810 or we shall cross over to you." 00:06:07.810 --> 00:06:09.810 Al-Muthanna replied: 00:06:09.810 --> 00:06:11.810 "You cross over." 00:06:11.810 --> 00:06:13.810 So they crossed over to them. 00:06:13.810 --> 00:06:16.810 This was a wise plan by al-Muthanna, 00:06:16.810 --> 00:06:20.810 learned from the lesson of the Bridge. 00:06:20.810 --> 00:06:24.000 Since it was the time of Ramadan, 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:28.000 al-Muthanna resolved that the Muslims should break their fast, 00:06:28.000 --> 00:06:30.000 so that it would strengthen them. 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:33.000 Thus, they all broke their fast. 00:06:33.000 --> 00:06:35.000 Al-Muthanna then organized the army, 00:06:35.000 --> 00:06:40.000 passing by each banner of the tribal leaders, 00:06:41.000 --> 00:06:46.060 exhorting them and urging them to jihad, patience, and silence. 00:06:46.060 --> 00:06:48.060 To all of them he said: 00:06:48.060 --> 00:06:53.160 "I hope that the people will not be defeated through you today. 00:06:53.160 --> 00:06:56.160 By Allah, nothing pleases me today for myself 00:06:56.160 --> 00:07:00.160 except that it also pleases me for all of you." 00:07:00.160 --> 00:07:03.259 They responded to him in kind. 00:07:03.259 --> 00:07:06.259 He was fair with them in both word and deed, 00:07:06.259 --> 00:07:11.259 so no one could find fault with any of his words or actions. 00:07:11.259 --> 00:07:16.259 Among the leaders was Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali, may Allah be pleased with him, with his tribe, 00:07:16.259 --> 00:07:20.259 and a group of the notables of the Muslims. 00:07:20.259 --> 00:07:22.420 Al-Muthanna said to them: 00:07:22.420 --> 00:07:25.420 "I will say 'Allahu Akbar' three times; 00:07:25.420 --> 00:07:27.420 be prepared. 00:07:27.420 --> 00:07:30.420 When I say it the fourth time, then charge." 00:07:30.420 --> 00:07:35.420 They met his command with hearing, obedience, and acceptance. 00:07:35.420 --> 00:07:39.819 The bloody encounter: 00:07:39.819 --> 00:07:42.819 When al-Muthanna said the first takbir, 00:07:42.819 --> 00:07:44.819 the Persians rushed them, 00:07:44.819 --> 00:07:47.819 and they charged until they clashed. 00:07:47.819 --> 00:07:50.819 They fought a fierce battle. 00:07:50.819 --> 00:07:54.819 Al-Muthanna noticed a weakness in some of the ranks of Banu 'Ijl, 00:07:54.819 --> 00:07:57.819 so he sent a man to them saying: 00:07:57.819 --> 00:08:01.819 "The commander sends you his greetings and says to you: 00:08:01.819 --> 00:08:04.819 'Do not disgrace the Arabs today.'" 00:08:04.819 --> 00:08:06.819 They straightened their lines. 00:08:06.819 --> 00:08:10.819 When he saw that from them, he was pleased and smiled. 00:08:10.819 --> 00:08:13.920 He sent word to the people saying: 00:08:13.920 --> 00:08:16.920 "O company of Muslims, be steadfast! 00:08:16.920 --> 00:08:20.050 Help Allah, and He will help you." 00:08:20.050 --> 00:08:25.050 Al-Muthanna and the Muslims continued to call upon Allah for victory and triumph. 00:08:25.050 --> 00:08:28.300 When the battle dragged on, 00:08:28.300 --> 00:08:33.299 al-Muthanna gathered a group of his heroic companions to protect his rear, 00:08:33.299 --> 00:08:35.299 and he charged at Mihran, 00:08:35.299 --> 00:08:39.299 forcing him from his position until he entered the fray. 00:08:39.299 --> 00:08:43.299 Then they intermingled, and the two centers clashed. 00:08:43.299 --> 00:08:47.299 Dust rose, and the flanks were engaged in fighting, 00:08:47.299 --> 00:08:51.299 unable to break away to help their commander. 00:08:51.299 --> 00:08:54.299 Both the Muslims and the polytheists were locked in combat. 00:08:54.299 --> 00:08:57.299 A young man from the Christian tribe of Taghlib charged, 00:08:57.299 --> 00:09:00.299 killed Mihran, and mounted his horse. 00:09:00.299 --> 00:09:02.299 It is also said 00:09:02.299 --> 00:09:07.299 that al-Muthanna ibn Harithah ibn Dirar al-Dabbi charged at him and stabbed him, 00:09:07.299 --> 00:09:11.299 and Jarir ibn Abdullah al-Bajali severed his head. 00:09:11.299 --> 00:09:15.399 This struck the heart of the Muslims into the heart of the polytheists. 00:09:15.399 --> 00:09:19.399 Mas'ud, the brother of al-Muthanna, was wounded that day, 00:09:19.399 --> 00:09:22.559 along with a group of Muslim notables. 00:09:22.559 --> 00:09:26.559 When Mas'ud was wounded, those with him were shaken, 00:09:26.559 --> 00:09:28.559 so he said: 00:09:28.559 --> 00:09:30.559 "O company of Bakr, 00:09:30.559 --> 00:09:33.559 raise your banner, may Allah raise you up! 00:09:33.559 --> 00:09:36.559 Do not let my fall alarm you." 00:09:36.559 --> 00:09:39.559 Al-Muthanna had told them: 00:09:39.559 --> 00:09:41.559 "If you see that we have been struck, 00:09:41.559 --> 00:09:44.559 do not abandon your positions. 00:09:44.559 --> 00:09:47.559 Hold your ranks, 00:09:47.559 --> 00:09:50.820 and perform the duty of those next to you." 00:09:50.820 --> 00:09:52.820 When the Muslims saw that al-Muthanna 00:09:52.820 --> 00:09:55.820 had broken the center and decimated its ranks, 00:09:55.820 --> 00:10:00.820 and that the Muslim flanks were holding against the flanks of the polytheists, 00:10:00.820 --> 00:10:04.820 they began to drive the Persians back. 00:10:04.820 --> 00:10:09.820 Al-Muthanna and the Muslims in the center continued to pray for victory, 00:10:09.820 --> 00:10:13.820 sending men to encourage them, saying: 00:10:13.820 --> 00:10:16.820 "Be steadfast as your peers are! 00:10:16.820 --> 00:10:19.820 Help Allah, and He will help you." 00:10:19.820 --> 00:10:21.820 Until they defeated the Persians. 00:10:21.820 --> 00:10:25.820 The Magians fled when their resistance weakened, 00:10:25.820 --> 00:10:30.820 and the Muslims pursued them, cutting them down. 00:10:30.820 --> 00:10:33.820 Al-Muthanna ibn Harithah raced to the bridge, 00:10:33.820 --> 00:10:37.820 standing upon it to prevent the Persians from crossing, 00:10:37.820 --> 00:10:40.820 so that the Muslims could finish them off. 00:10:40.820 --> 00:10:46.820 They pursued them for the rest of that day and that night. 00:10:46.820 --> 00:10:49.820 Many were killed that day, 00:10:49.820 --> 00:10:53.710 and many drowned in the river. 00:10:53.710 --> 00:10:55.710 Results of the battle: 00:10:55.710 --> 00:10:59.970 This battle was a great blow to the Persians 00:10:59.970 --> 00:11:02.970 and a great joy for the Muslims. 00:11:02.970 --> 00:11:07.970 Its results were a prelude to the great victory over the Persians. 00:11:07.970 --> 00:11:10.970 Among the outcomes of the battle: 00:11:10.970 --> 00:11:11.970 First: 00:11:11.970 --> 00:11:14.970 The killing of the Persian commander, Mihran, 00:11:14.970 --> 00:11:17.970 Along with a large number of his soldiers and officers. 00:11:17.970 --> 00:11:22.970 Nevertheless, a significant number of Muslims were also killed, 00:11:22.970 --> 00:11:25.970 Estimated at four thousand. 00:11:25.970 --> 00:11:29.970 Yet, this is a small number compared to the Persian casualties. 00:11:29.970 --> 00:11:32.029 Second: 00:11:32.029 --> 00:11:36.029 This victory encouraged the Muslims to continue their campaign in Iraq, 00:11:36.029 --> 00:11:40.029 And to advance toward new conquests thereafter. 00:11:40.029 --> 00:11:48.029 This battle served as a prelude to the decisive Muslim victory over the Persians at al-Qadisiyyah. 00:11:48.029 --> 00:11:50.059 Third: 00:11:50.059 --> 00:11:54.059 When the polytheist Persians suffered this crushing defeat, 00:11:54.059 --> 00:12:00.059 The Persian nobility agreed upon a series of leadership changes. 00:12:00.059 --> 00:12:03.059 They began by deposing their former monarch, 00:12:03.059 --> 00:12:04.059 Boran-dukht, 00:12:04.059 --> 00:12:08.059 And installing a new ruler from the lineage of Khosrow, 00:12:09.059 --> 00:12:13.100 Who was Yazdegerd ibn Shahriyar, son of Khosrow. 00:12:13.100 --> 00:12:17.100 And installing a new ruler from the lineage of Khosrow, 00:12:17.100 --> 00:12:21.159 Who was Yazdegerd ibn Shahriyar, son of Khosrow. 00:12:21.159 --> 00:12:26.159 This new king proceeded to reorganize the general military command, 00:12:26.159 --> 00:12:29.159 Entrusting it to Rostam, 00:12:29.159 --> 00:12:33.159 And tasking him with fighting the Muslims in the future. 00:12:33.159 --> 00:12:34.159 Fourth: 00:12:34.159 --> 00:12:39.159 The abundant spoils of war that the Muslims seized from the Persians. 00:12:39.159 --> 00:12:43.279 In this event, there are lessons to be learned: 00:12:43.279 --> 00:12:44.279 First: 00:12:44.279 --> 00:12:48.279 Defeat is not a final loss; 00:12:48.279 --> 00:12:52.279 Rather, it is a profound lesson that reveals mistakes, 00:12:52.279 --> 00:12:54.279 To be avoided in the future. 00:12:54.279 --> 00:12:58.279 Thus, al-Muthanna benefited from the lesson of the Battle of the Bridge, 00:12:58.279 --> 00:13:00.279 And consequently triumphed at al-Buwayb. 00:13:00.279 --> 00:13:02.470 Second: 00:13:02.470 --> 00:13:05.470 Arrogance leads to defeat. 00:13:05.470 --> 00:13:08.470 A wise person, no matter how thoroughly they defeat their enemy, 00:13:08.470 --> 00:13:11.470 Does not underestimate them in future encounters, 00:13:11.470 --> 00:13:15.470 Nor does it slip from their mind the Sunnah that war is a cycle of turns, 00:13:15.470 --> 00:13:17.470 That days alternate between people, 00:13:17.470 --> 00:13:20.600 And that time is ever-changing. 00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:21.600 Third: 00:13:21.600 --> 00:13:25.600 The sincere mujahid does not seek titles, 00:13:25.600 --> 00:13:30.629 Nor does he chase fame or strive to cast the spotlight upon his heroism. 00:13:30.629 --> 00:13:33.629 It is sufficient for him that Allah knows him, 00:13:33.629 --> 00:13:36.860 Even if humans and their leaders do not. 00:13:36.860 --> 00:13:38.860 Fourth: 00:13:38.860 --> 00:13:41.860 Battle is not merely about courage; 00:13:41.860 --> 00:13:44.860 Rather, it is about preparation, planning, and tactics, 00:13:44.860 --> 00:13:46.860 As well as wisdom and patience. 00:13:46.860 --> 00:13:49.080 Fifth: 00:13:49.080 --> 00:13:52.080 The importance of turning to Allah the Exalted 00:13:52.080 --> 00:13:54.080 When encountering enemies, 00:13:54.080 --> 00:13:57.080 The immense impact of supplicating to Him, 00:13:57.080 --> 00:14:01.100 And placing one's trust in Him. 00:14:01.100 --> 00:14:05.100 Ramadan: Events and Lessons.