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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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The pledge of allegiance (bay'ah).

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The pledge of allegiance is a contract between the subjects, or those who represent them,

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and the leader to whom the subjects entrust, by virtue of this contract,

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his leadership over them and his governance of their affairs to fulfill their religious and worldly interests.

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In return, they commit to listening to him and obeying him in what is righteous, provided it is not a sin.

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Like any other contract, it has three pillars: the two contracting parties and the subject matter of the contract.

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Therefore, the total loss of the subject matter of the contract invalidates and annuls it.

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Consequently, there is no authority for one who squanders the religion, fights against it, and removes the law of Allah from governance.

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A pledge of allegiance is not valid without the free choice that rests with the Ummah.

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Representing them in this are the people of binding and loosing (ahl al-hall wa al-'aqd).

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They are the people of sound judgment and consultation among them.

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They select the leader whose pledge of allegiance is valid according to the Shari'ah.

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He must be a person of piety and righteousness, possessing capability and influence.

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It is not permissible to appoint a disbeliever or a flagrantly immoral person (fasiq) from the outset.

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However, if one who is immoral is appointed, or if immorality occurs after his appointment,

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his authority remains in effect, and prayer behind him is valid,

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as long as he does not command the violation of the religion and the law of Allah.

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As for the disbeliever, or one who falls into disbelief after his appointment,

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his authority and leadership are not valid.

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Allah the Almighty says:

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﴾And never will Allah give the disbelievers over the believers a way [to overcome them].﴿