WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.480 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.440 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.440 --> 00:00:09.640 for Humanities Studies and Research 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:10.939 presents 00:00:10.939 --> 00:00:16.039 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari: 00:00:16.039 --> 00:00:20.420 The Book of Faith. 00:00:20.420 --> 00:00:24.679 Chapter: The statement of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:00:24.679 --> 00:00:27.379 "Islam is built upon five [pillars]," 00:00:27.379 --> 00:00:29.379 and faith consists of speech and action, 00:00:29.379 --> 00:00:31.879 and it increases and decreases. 00:00:32.920 --> 00:00:35.920 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:00:35.920 --> 00:00:39.920 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:00:39.920 --> 00:00:42.920 "Islam is built upon five [pillars]: 00:00:42.920 --> 00:00:46.920 testifying that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, 00:00:46.920 --> 00:00:49.920 and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; 00:00:49.920 --> 00:00:51.920 establishing prayer; 00:00:51.920 --> 00:00:53.920 paying zakat; 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:55.920 performing Hajj; 00:00:55.920 --> 00:00:58.270 and fasting the month of Ramadan." 00:00:58.270 --> 00:01:02.070 Commentary on the hadith: 00:01:02.070 --> 00:01:04.069 Regarding the phrase "and it consists of speech and action": 00:01:04.069 --> 00:01:06.069 What is meant by "speech" 00:01:06.069 --> 00:01:08.069 is the verbal articulation of the two testimonies of faith (Shahadatayn). 00:01:08.069 --> 00:01:09.569 And by "action" 00:01:09.569 --> 00:01:13.069 is meant a general term encompassing the actions of both the heart and the physical limbs, 00:01:13.069 --> 00:01:16.069 so as to include internal beliefs and external acts of worship. 00:01:16.069 --> 00:01:18.069 Thus, the salaf (early generations) stated: 00:01:18.069 --> 00:01:20.569 "Faith is belief in the heart, 00:01:20.569 --> 00:01:22.569 verbal articulation with the tongue, 00:01:22.569 --> 00:01:25.299 and righteous action with the physical limbs." 00:01:25.299 --> 00:01:27.299 Regarding "and it increases and decreases": 00:01:27.299 --> 00:01:30.299 That is, faith increases through acts of obedience 00:01:30.299 --> 00:01:32.299 and decreases through acts of disobedience. 00:01:32.299 --> 00:01:34.489 Regarding "upon five": 00:01:34.489 --> 00:01:37.489 Meaning upon five pillars or foundations. 00:01:37.489 --> 00:01:39.780 Regarding "paying zakat": 00:01:39.780 --> 00:01:42.780 It means giving it to those who are eligible to receive it. 00:01:42.780 --> 00:01:47.500 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:01:47.500 --> 00:01:49.540 First: 00:01:49.540 --> 00:01:51.540 The hadith constitutes one of the foundational pillars of Islam 00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:53.540 and an all-encompassing principle of its rulings. 00:01:53.540 --> 00:01:55.540 Jihad was not mentioned within it 00:01:55.540 --> 00:01:58.540 because it is a communal obligation (fard kifayah), 00:01:58.540 --> 00:02:01.700 whereas these are individual obligations (fard 'ayn). 00:02:01.700 --> 00:02:03.700 Second: 00:02:03.700 --> 00:02:08.050 Through faith, the servant earns praise and Allah's divine guardianship. 00:02:08.050 --> 00:02:10.050 Third: 00:02:10.050 --> 00:02:13.050 Faith encompasses internal affirmation by the heart, 00:02:13.050 --> 00:02:15.050 verbal affirmation by the tongue, 00:02:15.050 --> 00:02:17.340 and practical implementation with the limbs. 00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:19.340 Fourth: 00:02:19.340 --> 00:02:22.340 The term "Islam" is applied to external actions, 00:02:22.340 --> 00:02:28.289 and "Islam" and "faith" (Iman) may sometimes be used synonymously. 00:02:28.289 --> 00:02:31.740 Chapter: Matters of Faith. 00:02:31.740 --> 00:02:34.740 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:02:34.740 --> 00:02:38.800 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:02:38.800 --> 00:02:41.800 "Faith has sixty-odd branches, 00:02:41.800 --> 00:02:45.800 and modesty (haya') is a branch of faith." 00:02:45.800 --> 00:02:49.340 Commentary on the hadith: 00:02:49.340 --> 00:02:51.789 "Biḍ'" (sixty-odd): 00:02:51.789 --> 00:02:54.789 It refers to any number between three and nine. 00:02:54.789 --> 00:02:56.979 "Shu'bah" (branch): 00:02:56.979 --> 00:02:59.180 Meaning a specific trait or attribute. 00:02:59.180 --> 00:03:00.180 "Al-Haya'" (modesty): 00:03:00.180 --> 00:03:03.180 It is an inner character trait that prompts the avoidance of shameful deeds 00:03:03.180 --> 00:03:07.879 and prevents one from neglecting the rights of any rightful claimant. 00:03:07.879 --> 00:03:11.620 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:03:11.620 --> 00:03:12.620 First: 00:03:12.620 --> 00:03:17.620 The hadith explicitly designates outward actions under the legal term of faith. 00:03:17.620 --> 00:03:19.840 Second: 00:03:19.840 --> 00:03:22.840 Modesty may be an acquired quality, 00:03:22.840 --> 00:03:24.840 or it may be an innate disposition. 00:03:24.840 --> 00:03:27.840 Employing it in accordance with the Shariah 00:03:27.840 --> 00:03:30.840 requires conscious acquisition, sincere intention, and knowledge; 00:03:30.840 --> 00:03:33.840 only then does it become a true component of faith. 00:03:33.840 --> 00:03:35.969 Third: 00:03:35.969 --> 00:03:38.969 Modesty motivates the performance of righteous deeds 00:03:38.969 --> 00:03:40.969 and serves as a deterrent against sins. 00:03:40.969 --> 00:03:44.180 Chapter: 00:03:44.180 --> 00:03:49.180 A true Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand Muslims are safe. 00:03:49.180 --> 00:03:54.009 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:03:54.009 --> 00:03:58.009 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:03:58.009 --> 00:04:03.009 "A true Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand Muslims are safe, 00:04:03.009 --> 00:04:07.009 and the true emigrant (muhajir) is the one who abandons what Allah has forbidden." 00:04:07.009 --> 00:04:11.319 Commentary on the hadith: 00:04:11.319 --> 00:04:12.319 "The emigrant" (al-muhajir): 00:04:12.319 --> 00:04:15.319 Refers fundamentally to one who departs from their homeland. 00:04:15.319 --> 00:04:17.319 Hijrah is of two types: 00:04:17.319 --> 00:04:18.319 inward, 00:04:18.319 --> 00:04:23.319 which is abandoning that toward which the evil-inciting soul and Satan call; 00:04:23.319 --> 00:04:25.319 and outward, 00:04:25.319 --> 00:04:28.319 which is fleeing with one's religion away from trials and tribulations. 00:04:28.319 --> 00:04:29.540 "Hajara" (abandoned): 00:04:29.540 --> 00:04:32.540 Meaning he left it behind and turned away from it completely. 00:04:32.540 --> 00:04:36.120 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:04:36.120 --> 00:04:37.660 First: 00:04:37.660 --> 00:04:42.660 The complete Muslim is the one who harms no fellow Muslim by word or deed; 00:04:42.660 --> 00:04:46.660 the most virtuous of Muslims is the one who fulfills the rights of Allah the Almighty 00:04:46.660 --> 00:04:49.660 and upholds the rights of the Muslims. 00:04:49.660 --> 00:04:51.819 Second: 00:04:51.819 --> 00:04:57.819 The hadith showcases the Prophet's (peace be upon him) concise and eloquent speech, 00:04:57.819 --> 00:04:58.819 just as it is idiomatically said: 00:04:58.819 --> 00:05:00.819 "True wealth is camels," 00:05:00.819 --> 00:05:02.819 and "True mankind is the Arabs," 00:05:02.819 --> 00:05:05.819 used for emphasizing excellence rather than absolute restriction. 00:05:05.819 --> 00:05:08.779 Chapter: 00:05:08.779 --> 00:05:11.779 Which practice of Islam is best? 00:05:11.779 --> 00:05:15.189 On the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:05:15.189 --> 00:05:18.189 They asked: "O Messenger of Allah, 00:05:18.189 --> 00:05:20.189 which practice of Islam is best?" 00:05:20.189 --> 00:05:22.189 He replied: 00:05:22.189 --> 00:05:26.189 "The one from whose tongue and hand Muslims are safe." 00:05:26.189 --> 00:05:29.670 Commentary on the hadith: 00:05:29.670 --> 00:05:32.339 "Which practice of Islam is best?": 00:05:32.339 --> 00:05:35.339 Meaning which traits of Islam are most virtuous. 00:05:35.339 --> 00:05:38.699 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:05:38.699 --> 00:05:40.589 First: 00:05:40.589 --> 00:05:42.589 The hand was singled out for mention 00:05:42.589 --> 00:05:44.589 because most actions are carried out with it, 00:05:44.589 --> 00:05:46.589 and likewise the tongue, 00:05:46.589 --> 00:05:50.589 because it expresses what lies within the soul. 00:05:50.589 --> 00:05:51.589 Second: 00:05:51.589 --> 00:05:55.589 It urges the complete abstention from harming Muslims in any manner, 00:05:55.589 --> 00:05:57.589 the essence of which 00:05:57.589 --> 00:05:59.589 lies in good character. 00:05:59.589 --> 00:06:00.779 Third: 00:06:00.779 --> 00:06:03.779 The hadith contains a refutation of the Murji'ah sect, 00:06:03.779 --> 00:06:07.779 for they do not acknowledge varying degrees of deficient Islam. 00:06:07.779 --> 00:06:11.800 Chapter: 00:06:11.800 --> 00:06:14.800 Feeding others is part of Islam. 00:06:14.800 --> 00:06:19.279 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), 00:06:19.279 --> 00:06:23.279 that a man asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): 00:06:23.279 --> 00:06:26.279 "Which practice of Islam is best?" 00:06:26.279 --> 00:06:27.279 He replied: 00:06:27.279 --> 00:06:29.279 "To offer food, 00:06:29.279 --> 00:06:34.279 and to extend greetings of peace to those you know and those you do not know." 00:06:35.600 --> 00:06:37.600 Commentary on the hadith: 00:06:37.600 --> 00:06:40.209 "Part of Islam": 00:06:40.209 --> 00:06:43.339 Meaning among its noble characteristics and branches. 00:06:43.339 --> 00:06:45.339 "To offer food": 00:06:45.339 --> 00:06:48.339 Meaning to serve food to guests and others in need. 00:06:48.529 --> 00:06:50.529 "To extend greetings of peace": 00:06:50.529 --> 00:06:52.529 Meaning to offer the salam, 00:06:52.529 --> 00:06:54.529 the most complete form of which is saying: 00:06:54.529 --> 00:06:58.850 "As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh" (May the peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you). 00:06:58.850 --> 00:07:01.850 "To those you know and those you do not know": 00:07:01.850 --> 00:07:04.850 Meaning specifically among the Muslims, 00:07:04.850 --> 00:07:07.850 for the greeting of peace is the distinct hallmark of Islam 00:07:07.850 --> 00:07:11.329 and an established right for every Muslim. 00:07:11.329 --> 00:07:15.029 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:07:15.029 --> 00:07:16.029 First: 00:07:16.029 --> 00:07:18.029 Among the most virtuous physical actions 00:07:18.029 --> 00:07:20.029 is feeding others, 00:07:20.029 --> 00:07:23.029 which sustains the physical body, 00:07:23.029 --> 00:07:26.029 and the best speech in benevolence and honor 00:07:26.029 --> 00:07:28.290 is spreading the greeting of peace. 00:07:28.290 --> 00:07:30.290 Second: 00:07:30.290 --> 00:07:32.290 Extending salam universally to all people 00:07:32.290 --> 00:07:35.290 ensures that the act remains purely for the sake of Allah the Almighty, 00:07:35.290 --> 00:07:38.290 free from selfish motives, favoritism, and pretension. 00:07:38.290 --> 00:07:40.480 Third: 00:07:40.480 --> 00:07:43.480 It encourages noble virtues of character, 00:07:43.480 --> 00:07:47.910 such as generosity and humility. 00:07:47.910 --> 00:07:48.910 Chapter: 00:07:48.910 --> 00:07:53.910 Loving for one's brother what one loves for oneself is part of faith. 00:07:53.910 --> 00:07:57.459 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:07:57.459 --> 00:08:01.459 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:08:01.459 --> 00:08:03.459 "None of you truly believes 00:08:03.459 --> 00:08:09.060 until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself." 00:08:09.060 --> 00:08:12.740 Commentary on the hadith: 00:08:12.740 --> 00:08:16.740 "Part of faith": meaning among the branches of faith. 00:08:16.740 --> 00:08:18.740 "None of you truly believes": 00:08:18.740 --> 00:08:21.800 Meaning his faith is not complete 00:08:21.800 --> 00:08:24.800 "until he loves": referring to goodness, 00:08:24.800 --> 00:08:30.310 where love represents the natural inclination toward that which pleases the person. 00:08:30.310 --> 00:08:34.139 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:08:34.139 --> 00:08:35.139 First: 00:08:35.139 --> 00:08:37.139 It is among the branches of faith 00:08:37.139 --> 00:08:41.139 to love for one's brother the same goodness one loves for oneself. 00:08:41.139 --> 00:08:43.269 Second: 00:08:43.269 --> 00:08:47.269 It also entails disliking for one's brother the same evil one dislikes for oneself. 00:08:47.269 --> 00:08:51.419 Chapter: 00:08:51.419 --> 00:08:56.899 Loving the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) is part of faith. 00:08:56.899 --> 00:08:59.899 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:08:59.899 --> 00:09:03.899 that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: 00:09:03.899 --> 00:09:06.929 "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, 00:09:06.929 --> 00:09:14.440 none of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his parent and his child." 00:09:14.440 --> 00:09:17.440 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:09:17.440 --> 00:09:21.440 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:09:21.440 --> 00:09:31.019 "None of you truly believes until I am more beloved to him than his parent, his child, and all of mankind." 00:09:31.019 --> 00:09:34.559 Commentary on the hadith: 00:09:34.559 --> 00:09:36.559 Regarding "than his parent and his child": 00:09:36.559 --> 00:09:39.559 They are dearer to a person than general family and wealth. 00:09:39.559 --> 00:09:43.559 The mention of "all of mankind" is a conjunction of the general following the specific, 00:09:43.559 --> 00:09:48.559 and love for the rest of humanity is an elective, appreciative love. 00:09:48.559 --> 00:09:53.029 Benefits derived from the hadith: 00:09:53.029 --> 00:09:59.159 First: The permissibility of swearing an oath regarding an important matter without being asked to do so. 00:09:59.159 --> 00:10:04.159 Second: Everyone who believes in the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:10:04.159 --> 00:10:09.159 will not be devoid of experiencing something of that predominant love. 00:10:09.159 --> 00:10:14.539 Thirdly, loving him (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) entails 00:10:14.539 --> 00:10:18.539 supporting his Sunnah and defending his Sacred Law. 00:10:18.539 --> 00:10:23.240 Chapter: The Sweetness of Faith. 00:10:23.240 --> 00:10:26.820 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:10:26.820 --> 00:10:30.820 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:10:30.820 --> 00:10:35.850 "Whoever possesses three qualities will taste the sweetness of faith: 00:10:35.850 --> 00:10:40.879 that Allah and His Messenger are more beloved to him than anything else; 00:10:40.879 --> 00:10:45.879 that he loves a person solely for the sake of Allah; 00:10:45.879 --> 00:10:50.940 and that he hates returning to disbelief after Allah has saved him from it, 00:10:50.940 --> 00:10:54.940 just as he hates being cast into the Fire." 00:10:54.940 --> 00:10:58.649 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:58.649 --> 00:11:02.220 "Possesses" (kunna) means they are realized and attained. 00:11:02.220 --> 00:11:04.419 "The sweetness of faith" 00:11:04.419 --> 00:11:06.419 means finding pleasure in acts of obedience, 00:11:06.419 --> 00:11:09.419 enduring hardships for the sake of religion, 00:11:09.419 --> 00:11:13.419 and prioritizing that over worldly gains. 00:11:13.419 --> 00:11:16.639 "Loves him solely for the sake of Allah" 00:11:16.639 --> 00:11:19.639 refers to love purely stripped of selfish desires 00:11:19.639 --> 00:11:23.639 and free from worldly motives. 00:11:23.639 --> 00:11:25.899 "Returning to disbelief" 00:11:25.899 --> 00:11:29.899 means lapsing into it and becoming settled in it. 00:11:29.899 --> 00:11:33.629 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:11:33.629 --> 00:11:35.370 First: 00:11:35.370 --> 00:11:38.370 The servant's love for Allah 00:11:38.370 --> 00:11:41.370 is achieved through obeying Him and abandoning disobedience to Him. 00:11:41.370 --> 00:11:43.620 Second: 00:11:43.620 --> 00:11:46.620 Love for the Messenger (peace be upon him) 00:11:46.620 --> 00:11:48.620 is achieved by following him. 00:11:48.620 --> 00:11:50.850 Third: 00:11:50.850 --> 00:11:53.850 Encouragement of loving one another for the sake of Allah Almighty. 00:11:53.850 --> 00:11:55.850 Malik said: 00:11:55.850 --> 00:11:59.850 "Loving for the sake of Allah is among the obligatory duties of Islam." 00:11:59.850 --> 00:12:02.009 Fourth: 00:12:02.009 --> 00:12:05.009 The believer knows that the disbeliever is in the Fire, 00:12:05.009 --> 00:12:07.009 so he hates disbelief 00:12:07.009 --> 00:12:10.009 just as he hates entering the Fire. 00:12:10.009 --> 00:12:12.990 Chapter: 00:12:12.990 --> 00:12:16.990 Loving the Ansar is a Sign of Faith. 00:12:16.990 --> 00:12:20.789 On the authority of Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:12:20.789 --> 00:12:24.789 from the Prophet (peace be upon him), who said: 00:12:24.789 --> 00:12:28.860 "The sign of faith is love for the Ansar, 00:12:28.860 --> 00:12:33.860 and the sign of hypocrisy is hatred for the Ansar." 00:12:33.860 --> 00:12:37.690 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:12:37.690 --> 00:12:40.389 "The sign of faith" 00:12:40.389 --> 00:12:43.580 means its indicator and proof. 00:12:43.580 --> 00:12:45.580 "Love for the Ansar" — 00:12:45.580 --> 00:12:47.580 they are the tribes of al-Aws and al-Khazraj. 00:12:47.580 --> 00:12:51.580 Thus, whoever recognizes their support for him (peace be upon him) 00:12:51.580 --> 00:12:53.580 will necessarily love them, 00:12:53.580 --> 00:12:57.679 thereby attaining a branch of faith. 00:12:57.679 --> 00:13:00.679 "And the sign of hypocrisy is hatred for the Ansar" 00:13:00.679 --> 00:13:06.679 means that whoever hates them because they aided the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:13:06.679 --> 00:13:08.679 is a hypocrite. 00:13:08.679 --> 00:13:13.220 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:13:13.220 --> 00:13:14.220 First: 00:13:14.220 --> 00:13:18.220 Loving the Ansar is a branch of faith. 00:13:18.220 --> 00:13:20.340 Second: 00:13:20.340 --> 00:13:23.340 Loving them falls under the general scope of his saying: 00:13:23.340 --> 00:13:26.340 "loves him solely for the sake of Allah," 00:13:26.340 --> 00:13:32.330 and singling them out for mention demonstrates their high esteem. 00:13:32.330 --> 00:13:33.330 Chapter. 00:13:33.330 --> 00:13:38.679 On the authority of 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:13:38.679 --> 00:13:43.679 "I pledged allegiance to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) among a small group, 00:13:43.679 --> 00:13:45.679 and he said: 00:13:45.679 --> 00:13:49.679 'Pledge allegiance to me that you will not associate anything with Allah, 00:13:49.679 --> 00:13:51.679 nor steal, 00:13:51.679 --> 00:13:53.679 nor commit unlawful intercourse, 00:13:53.679 --> 00:13:56.679 nor kill your children, 00:13:56.679 --> 00:14:02.679 nor bring a slander that you invent between your hands and feet, 00:14:02.679 --> 00:14:06.809 nor disobey me in what is right. 00:14:06.809 --> 00:14:08.809 Whoever among you fulfills this, 00:14:08.809 --> 00:14:10.809 his reward rests with Allah; 00:14:10.809 --> 00:14:13.870 and whoever commits any of these [sins] 00:14:13.870 --> 00:14:15.870 and is punished for it in this world, 00:14:15.870 --> 00:14:19.899 it shall serve as an expiation and purification for him. 00:14:19.899 --> 00:14:21.899 But whoever is concealed by Allah, 00:14:21.899 --> 00:14:23.899 his matter rests with Allah: 00:14:23.899 --> 00:14:25.899 if He wills, He will punish him, 00:14:25.899 --> 00:14:29.580 and if He wills, He will forgive him.'" 00:14:29.580 --> 00:14:33.250 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:14:33.250 --> 00:14:36.250 This hadith is connected to what preceded it, 00:14:36.250 --> 00:14:39.250 as the narrator is from the Ansar, 00:14:39.250 --> 00:14:43.250 and it demonstrates that avoiding prohibitions is part of faith. 00:14:43.250 --> 00:14:46.629 "I pledged allegiance" means: I entered into a covenant. 00:14:46.629 --> 00:14:50.629 "A small group" (raht) refers to a group of fewer than ten men. 00:14:50.629 --> 00:14:53.919 "Nor kill your children": 00:14:53.919 --> 00:14:56.919 because it is murder and severing the ties of kinship, 00:14:56.919 --> 00:15:00.019 and it was widespread among them. 00:15:00.019 --> 00:15:03.019 "With slander" means: with falsehood. 00:15:03.019 --> 00:15:06.019 "You invent" means: you fabricate. 00:15:06.019 --> 00:15:09.080 "Between your hands and feet": 00:15:09.080 --> 00:15:12.080 he attributed the slander to the hands and feet 00:15:12.080 --> 00:15:15.080 because they are the instruments of human action. 00:15:15.080 --> 00:15:19.110 "Nor disobey me" means: do not oppose my command. 00:15:19.110 --> 00:15:21.110 "In what is right" (ma'ruf): 00:15:21.110 --> 00:15:26.110 ma'ruf is whatever is recognized by the Lawgiver as good, whether a command or a prohibition. 00:15:26.110 --> 00:15:28.299 "Whoever fulfills" 00:15:28.299 --> 00:15:30.299 means: whoever remains steadfast upon the covenant. 00:15:30.299 --> 00:15:32.399 "Is punished" 00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:35.259 means: receives the prescribed legal penalty. 00:15:35.259 --> 00:15:39.190 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:15:39.190 --> 00:15:40.190 First: 00:15:40.190 --> 00:15:44.190 The prohibition of polytheism, theft, unlawful intercourse, and falsehood. 00:15:44.190 --> 00:15:46.220 Second: 00:15:46.220 --> 00:15:50.379 Obedience to a created being is only in that which does not involve sin. 00:15:50.379 --> 00:15:51.379 Third: 00:15:51.379 --> 00:15:56.480 It contains a refutation of the Kharijites, who declare Muslims disbelievers on account of sins. 00:15:56.480 --> 00:15:57.480 Fourth: 00:15:57.480 --> 00:16:01.480 Applying the prescribed legal penalty serves as an expiation for the sin, 00:16:01.480 --> 00:16:02.480 though it was also said 00:16:02.480 --> 00:16:07.659 that repentance is indispensable. 00:16:07.659 --> 00:16:11.659 Fleeing from trials and tribulations is part of religion. 00:16:11.659 --> 00:16:16.200 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn Abi Sa'sa'ah, who said 00:16:16.200 --> 00:16:20.200 that Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: 00:16:20.200 --> 00:16:24.330 "I see that you love sheep and tend to them; 00:16:24.330 --> 00:16:28.330 so take good care of them and wipe their nostrils, 00:16:28.330 --> 00:16:33.360 for indeed I heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say: 00:16:33.360 --> 00:16:36.360 'A time will come upon the people 00:16:36.360 --> 00:16:40.360 when the best wealth of a Muslim will be sheep, 00:16:40.360 --> 00:16:45.360 which he follows along the mountain peaks 00:16:45.360 --> 00:16:48.360 and places of rainfall, 00:16:48.360 --> 00:16:52.360 fleeing with his religion from tribulations.'" 00:16:52.360 --> 00:16:56.220 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:56.220 --> 00:16:58.220 "And wipe their nostrils" 00:16:58.220 --> 00:17:01.220 refers to cleaning the mucus that flows from their noses. 00:17:01.220 --> 00:17:04.220 Sheep were mentioned because of their blessing 00:17:04.220 --> 00:17:07.220 and because the Prophets (peace be upon them) shepherded them. 00:17:07.220 --> 00:17:11.380 "Mountain peaks" (sha'ath al-jibal) means their summits. 00:17:11.380 --> 00:17:15.539 "Places of rainfall" means the valley beds. 00:17:15.539 --> 00:17:20.670 "Fleeing with his religion" means escaping to safeguard his faith. 00:17:20.670 --> 00:17:24.180 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:17:24.180 --> 00:17:30.140 First: The virtue of seclusion during times of tribulation 00:17:30.140 --> 00:17:32.140 to ensure the safety of one's religion. 00:17:32.140 --> 00:17:34.210 Second: 00:17:34.210 --> 00:17:36.210 The merit of striving for lawful earnings 00:17:36.210 --> 00:17:39.210 and attending to one's livelihood. 00:17:39.210 --> 00:17:45.220 Chapter: The Statement of the Prophet (peace be upon him): 00:17:45.220 --> 00:17:48.220 "I am the most knowledgeable among you concerning Allah," 00:17:48.220 --> 00:17:51.700 and that knowing Him is an act of the heart. 00:17:51.700 --> 00:17:53.700 On the authority of 'A'ishah, who said: 00:17:53.700 --> 00:17:56.700 "Whenever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:17:56.700 --> 00:17:58.700 commanded them, 00:17:58.700 --> 00:18:02.700 he would only command them to do deeds that were within their capacity. 00:18:02.700 --> 00:18:03.740 They said: 00:18:03.740 --> 00:18:07.740 'We are not like you, O Messenger of Allah; 00:18:07.740 --> 00:18:13.799 Allah has already forgiven your past and future sins.' 00:18:13.799 --> 00:18:18.990 Thereupon, he would become angry until anger could be seen on his face, 00:18:18.990 --> 00:18:20.990 and then he would say: 00:18:20.990 --> 00:18:25.990 'Verily, the most God-fearing among you and the most knowledgeable concerning Allah is I.'" 00:18:25.990 --> 00:18:30.500 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:18:30.500 --> 00:18:33.500 "He commanded them to do deeds that were within their capacity" 00:18:33.500 --> 00:18:37.500 means what they could sustain continuously so that they would not grow weary. 00:18:37.500 --> 00:18:39.690 "We are not like you" 00:18:39.690 --> 00:18:42.690 means: our state is not like your state. 00:18:42.690 --> 00:18:47.690 They said that out of a desire to perform additional good deeds. 00:18:47.690 --> 00:18:49.910 "The most God-fearing among you" 00:18:49.910 --> 00:18:52.910 points to practical devotional strength, 00:18:52.910 --> 00:18:54.980 while "the most knowledgeable" 00:18:54.980 --> 00:18:57.980 points to cognitive, scholarly strength; 00:18:57.980 --> 00:19:02.980 and through both, the Prophet (peace be upon him) attained the pinnacle of perfection. 00:19:02.980 --> 00:19:06.619 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:19:06.619 --> 00:19:09.480 First: 00:19:09.480 --> 00:19:12.480 Faith is not complete through verbal profession alone 00:19:12.480 --> 00:19:15.480 unless accompanied by inner conviction, 00:19:15.480 --> 00:19:19.480 and conviction is an act of the heart that bears the fruit of righteous deeds. 00:19:19.480 --> 00:19:21.700 Second: 00:19:21.700 --> 00:19:23.700 Knowledge of Allah exists in degrees, 00:19:23.700 --> 00:19:26.700 where some excel over others, 00:19:26.700 --> 00:19:31.700 and the Prophet (peace be upon him) occupies the highest degree of it, 00:19:31.700 --> 00:19:34.700 being the standard in all matters. 00:19:34.700 --> 00:19:36.930 Third: 00:19:36.930 --> 00:19:38.930 What is optimal in worship 00:19:38.930 --> 00:19:40.930 is moderation and consistency, 00:19:40.930 --> 00:19:43.930 not excess that leads to abandonment, 00:19:43.930 --> 00:19:45.930 for religion is ease. 00:19:45.930 --> 00:19:48.250 Fourth: 00:19:48.250 --> 00:19:51.250 When a servant reaches the ultimate state in worship, 00:19:51.250 --> 00:19:54.250 it should further motivate him to persist in it, 00:19:54.250 --> 00:19:56.250 so as to preserve the blessing 00:19:56.250 --> 00:19:59.250 and seek its increase through gratitude. 00:19:59.250 --> 00:20:01.539 Fifth: 00:20:01.539 --> 00:20:05.859 The legitimacy of anger when a command of the Sacred Law is contested. 00:20:05.859 --> 00:20:07.859 Sixth: 00:20:07.859 --> 00:20:11.859 The Companions were the keenest of people in complying, 00:20:11.859 --> 00:20:13.859 the most complete in obedience, 00:20:13.859 --> 00:20:17.859 and the most eager to increase in good deeds.