WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammar. 00:00:12.859 --> 00:00:15.919 Surah Sad. 00:00:18.239 --> 00:00:22.000 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:22.690 --> 00:00:28.609 "Has the story of the disputants reached you, when they climbed the wall of the private chamber?" 00:00:29.620 --> 00:00:32.780 Has the news of the disputants reached you, O Muhammad? 00:00:32.979 --> 00:00:36.179 When they entered upon him without using the door of the private chamber. 00:00:36.579 --> 00:00:40.780 The *mihrab* (private chamber) is the foremost, most honorable part of any assembly, house, or dwelling. 00:00:42.159 --> 00:00:46.399 “How they burst in upon David, and he was afraid of them. They said: Be not afraid! (We are) two litigants, one of whom hath wronged the other, therefor judge aright between us; be not unjust; and show us the fair way.” (38:22) 00:00:46.600 --> 00:00:48.600 They said, "Do not be afraid." 00:00:48.799 --> 00:00:52.520 “How they burst in upon David, and he was afraid of them. They said: Be not afraid! (We are) two litigants, one of whom hath wronged the other, therefor judge aright between us; be not unjust; and show us the fair way.” (38:22) 00:00:52.520 --> 00:00:58.439 "So judge between us with truth." 00:00:58.439 --> 00:01:04.319 “How they burst in upon David, and he was afraid of them. They said: Be not afraid! (We are) two litigants, one of whom hath wronged the other, therefor judge aright between us; be not unjust; and show us the fair way.” (38:22) 00:01:05.579 --> 00:01:08.379 “How they burst in upon David, and he was afraid of them. They said: Be not afraid! (We are) two litigants, one of whom hath wronged the other, therefor judge aright between us; be not unjust; and show us the fair way.” (38:22) 00:01:08.379 --> 00:01:10.980 Because of his entry upon him from somewhere other than the door. 00:01:11.659 --> 00:01:12.340 It has been said: 00:01:12.939 --> 00:01:15.980 His alarm was because they did not enter upon him at night, 00:01:15.980 --> 00:01:18.659 nor at a time when he was presiding over the affairs of the people. 00:01:19.409 --> 00:01:20.689 The disputant said to him: 00:01:21.129 --> 00:01:22.769 "Do not fear, O Dawud (David)." 00:01:23.409 --> 00:01:27.489 "We are two disputants; one of us has transgressed against the other without right." 00:01:28.129 --> 00:01:29.769 "So judge between us with justice." 00:01:29.769 --> 00:01:32.609 "Do not deviate, and do not be excessive in your judgment." 00:01:33.280 --> 00:01:36.560 "And guide us to the right path." 00:01:38.180 --> 00:01:43.780 “Lo! this my brother hath ninety and nine ewes while I had one ewe; and he said: Entrust it to me, and he conquered me in speech.” (38:23) 00:01:43.780 --> 00:01:49.819 "And I have one ewe." 00:01:49.819 --> 00:01:54.819 “Lo! this my brother hath ninety and nine ewes while I had one ewe; and he said: Entrust it to me, and he conquered me in speech.” (38:23) 00:01:56.219 --> 00:01:59.420 This is a parable set forth by the disputants who climbed the wall. 00:01:59.859 --> 00:02:03.299 It is said that Dawud, peace be upon him, had, 00:02:03.780 --> 00:02:05.459 ninety-nine wives. 00:02:06.209 --> 00:02:09.610 And the man whom he had sent on a military expedition until he was killed, 00:02:09.969 --> 00:02:11.330 had one wife. 00:02:11.930 --> 00:02:13.090 So when he was killed, 00:02:13.569 --> 00:02:16.449 Dawud married his wife, according to what has been mentioned. 00:02:17.219 --> 00:02:18.979 So one of them said to him: 00:02:19.699 --> 00:02:21.900 "Indeed, this is my brother; he is of my religion." 00:02:22.419 --> 00:02:23.139 He said: 00:02:23.699 --> 00:02:26.300 "Relinquish her to me and let me take her into my care." 00:02:27.060 --> 00:02:30.460 And he became more eloquent than me in his speech to me, 00:02:31.060 --> 00:02:34.139 for if he speaks, he is more articulate than I am, 00:02:34.659 --> 00:02:38.060 and if he uses force, he is stronger than I am, so he overcame me. 00:02:39.750 --> 00:02:44.789 “(David) said: He hath wronged thee in demanding thine ewe in addition to his ewes, and lo! many partners oppress one another, save such as believe and do good works, and they are few. And David guessed that We had tried him, and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he bowed himself and fell down prostrate and repented.” (38:24) 00:02:45.189 --> 00:02:49.710 “(David) said: He hath wronged thee in demanding thine ewe in addition to his ewes, and lo! many partners oppress one another, save such as believe and do good works, and they are few. And David guessed that We had tried him, and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he bowed himself and fell down prostrate and repented.” (38:24) 00:02:49.710 --> 00:02:52.509 “(David) said: He hath wronged thee in demanding thine ewe in addition to his ewes, and lo! many partners oppress one another, save such as believe and do good works, and they are few. And David guessed that We had tried him, and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he bowed himself and fell down prostrate and repented.” (38:24) 00:02:53.030 --> 00:02:55.830 “(David) said: He hath wronged thee in demanding thine ewe in addition to his ewes, and lo! many partners oppress one another, save such as believe and do good works, and they are few. And David guessed that We had tried him, and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he bowed himself and fell down prostrate and repented.” (38:24) 00:02:55.830 --> 00:02:59.949 "Except for those who believe and do righteous deeds." 00:02:59.949 --> 00:03:02.509 And they are few. 00:03:02.909 --> 00:03:07.110 “(David) said: He hath wronged thee in demanding thine ewe in addition to his ewes, and lo! many partners oppress one another, save such as believe and do good works, and they are few. And David guessed that We had tried him, and he sought forgiveness of his Lord, and he bowed himself and fell down prostrate and repented.” (38:24) 00:03:07.110 --> 00:03:09.110 So he sought forgiveness from his Lord. 00:03:09.550 --> 00:03:11.669 So he sought forgiveness from his Lord. 00:03:11.669 --> 00:03:15.469 And he fell down bowing and turned in repentance. 00:03:17.020 --> 00:03:18.659 Dawud said to the disputant: 00:03:19.139 --> 00:03:25.580 "Your companion has indeed wronged you by asking for your one wife in addition to his ninety-nine wives." 00:03:26.099 --> 00:03:28.219 "And indeed, many partners," 00:03:28.219 --> 00:03:30.620 "transgress against one another." 00:03:31.139 --> 00:03:34.740 "Except for those who believe in Allah and act in obedience to Him." 00:03:35.219 --> 00:03:37.500 "And few are those who are like that." 00:03:37.900 --> 00:03:40.780 Those who do not oppress one another. 00:03:41.500 --> 00:03:44.139 And Dawud knew that We had tested him. 00:03:44.500 --> 00:03:47.539 So Dawud asked his Lord for the forgiveness of his sin. 00:03:47.979 --> 00:03:51.939 And he fell down prostrating to Allah and returned to the pleasure of his Lord. 00:03:52.300 --> 00:03:54.139 And he repented for his error. 00:03:55.430 --> 00:03:57.710 So We forgave him that. 00:03:58.189 --> 00:04:04.710 "And indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return." 00:04:06.610 --> 00:04:09.889 We pardoned him so as not to hold him accountable for his error. 00:04:10.409 --> 00:04:13.370 And indeed, he has with Us a position of closeness. 00:04:13.729 --> 00:04:18.329 And a good place of return and destination to which he will return on the Day of Resurrection. 00:04:19.850 --> 00:04:25.329 “(And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning.” (38:26) 00:04:25.329 --> 00:04:29.329 So judge between the people with truth. 00:04:29.810 --> 00:04:32.930 So judge between the people with truth. 00:04:32.930 --> 00:04:35.009 And do not follow desire. 00:04:35.009 --> 00:04:38.810 “(And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning.” (38:26) 00:04:39.209 --> 00:04:43.689 “(And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning.” (38:26) 00:04:43.689 --> 00:04:47.009 For them is a severe punishment. 00:04:47.410 --> 00:04:51.009 For them is a severe punishment. 00:04:51.009 --> 00:04:54.129 “(And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning.” (38:26) 00:04:55.709 --> 00:04:57.230 And We said to Dawud: 00:04:57.790 --> 00:05:00.709 "O Dawud, indeed We have made you a successor upon the earth," 00:05:00.709 --> 00:05:03.509 "after those who were before you among Our messengers," 00:05:03.949 --> 00:05:05.670 "as a judge among its people." 00:05:06.189 --> 00:05:08.310 So judge between the people with justice. 00:05:08.790 --> 00:05:11.750 And do not let your desire influence your judgment among them, 00:05:11.750 --> 00:05:13.230 against truth and justice, 00:05:13.629 --> 00:05:15.949 lest your following of desire leads you astray, 00:05:15.949 --> 00:05:19.670 and away from the path of Allah, which He has established for those who believe in Him. 00:05:20.420 --> 00:05:23.139 Indeed, those who deviate from the path of Allah, 00:05:23.139 --> 00:05:25.220 and transgress against it in this world, 00:05:25.740 --> 00:05:28.019 for them in the Hereafter, on the Day of Reckoning, 00:05:28.019 --> 00:05:29.420 is a severe punishment, 00:05:29.420 --> 00:05:31.779 because they abandoned judging with justice. 00:05:33.089 --> 00:05:37.250 And We did not create the heaven and the earth, 00:05:37.250 --> 00:05:39.730 and what is between them, in vain. 00:05:40.209 --> 00:05:43.970 “And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them in vain. That is the opinion of those who disbelieve. And woe unto those who disbelieve, from the Fire!” (38:27) 00:05:44.410 --> 00:05:49.610 “And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them in vain. That is the opinion of those who disbelieve. And woe unto those who disbelieve, from the Fire!” (38:27) 00:05:51.149 --> 00:05:53.269 And We did not create the heaven and the earth, 00:05:53.269 --> 00:05:55.790 and what is between them, for amusement or play. 00:05:56.310 --> 00:05:59.790 He thought that We created that in vain and for sport. 00:06:00.269 --> 00:06:02.949 That is the assumption of those who disbelieve in Allah, 00:06:02.949 --> 00:06:04.230 for they did not acknowledge His oneness. 00:06:04.870 --> 00:06:08.269 So woe to those who disbelieve from the fire of Hell. 00:06:09.819 --> 00:06:12.300 “Shall We treat those who believe and do good works as those who spread corruption in the earth; or shall We treat the pious as the wicked?” (38:28) 00:06:12.300 --> 00:06:14.100 And do righteous deeds. 00:06:14.139 --> 00:06:18.779 Like those who cause corruption in the land. 00:06:18.779 --> 00:06:23.220 “Shall We treat those who believe and do good works as those who spread corruption in the earth; or shall We treat the pious as the wicked?” (38:28) 00:06:24.509 --> 00:06:27.509 Shall We treat those who believe in Allah and His Messenger, 00:06:27.509 --> 00:06:29.709 and act according to what Allah has commanded, 00:06:30.230 --> 00:06:33.110 like those who associate partners with Allah and disobey Him? 00:06:33.870 --> 00:06:36.110 Or shall We treat those who fear Allah, 00:06:36.389 --> 00:06:39.350 like the disbelievers who violate the sacred limits of Allah? 00:06:40.899 --> 00:06:45.019 “(This is) a Scripture that We have revealed unto thee, full of blessing, that they may ponder its revelations, and that men of understanding may reflect.” (38:29) 00:06:45.060 --> 00:06:47.980 So that they may ponder His verses. 00:06:47.980 --> 00:06:50.620 So that they may ponder His verses. 00:06:50.620 --> 00:06:54.060 And so that those of understanding may be reminded. 00:06:55.439 --> 00:07:00.160 And this Qur'an is a Book We have revealed to you, O Muhammad, blessed, 00:07:00.680 --> 00:07:03.360 so that they may ponder the proofs of Allah contained within it, 00:07:03.800 --> 00:07:05.639 and take heed and act upon it. 00:07:06.279 --> 00:07:10.040 And so that those of intellect may take warning from the signs in the Book, 00:07:10.439 --> 00:07:13.480 and refrain from the misguidance they are upon. 00:07:15.139 --> 00:07:19.420 And We gave to Dawud, Sulayman (Solomon). 00:07:19.819 --> 00:07:24.339 An excellent servant; indeed, he was one who frequently turned to Allah. 00:07:25.990 --> 00:07:29.310 And We gave to Dawud his son Sulayman as a child. 00:07:29.910 --> 00:07:31.670 An excellent servant was Sulayman. 00:07:32.389 --> 00:07:34.949 Indeed, he was one who frequently returned to the obedience of Allah. 00:07:35.550 --> 00:07:38.269 Repentant to Him from what He dislikes from him. 00:07:39.029 --> 00:07:44.670 It is said that it means he was one who frequently remembered Allah and obeyed Him. 00:07:46.009 --> 00:07:51.329 “When there were shown to him at eventide lightfooted coursers” (38:31) 00:07:52.720 --> 00:07:57.040 Indeed, he was one who repented to Allah for the error he committed. 00:07:57.600 --> 00:08:00.720 When there were presented to him in the afternoon the swift horses. 00:08:01.360 --> 00:08:05.040 They described their standing and the stillness of their legs. 00:08:06.569 --> 00:08:15.449 “And he said: Lo! I have preferred the good things (of the world) to the remembrance of my Lord; till they were taken out of sight behind the curtain.” (38:32) 00:08:15.889 --> 00:08:23.129 “(Then he said): Bring them back to me, and fell to slashing (with his sword their) legs and necks.” (38:33) 00:08:25.009 --> 00:08:31.850 He said, "Indeed, I loved the love of good things until I became negligent of the remembrance of my Lord and the performance of His duty," 00:08:32.490 --> 00:08:35.250 until the sun disappeared in its setting place. 00:08:36.250 --> 00:08:41.009 "Bring back to me the horses that were presented to me, which distracted me from the prayer." 00:08:41.570 --> 00:08:42.850 So they brought them back to him. 00:08:43.610 --> 00:08:48.889 He began to stroke their manes and their legs with his hand out of love for them. 00:08:50.539 --> 00:08:59.019 “And verily We tried Solomon, and set upon his throne a (mere) body. Then did he repent.” (38:34) 00:09:00.649 --> 00:09:07.649 And We certainly tested Sulayman and placed on his throne a body, a devil appearing as a human. 00:09:08.330 --> 00:09:11.330 Then Sulayman turned in repentance and returned to his kingdom, 00:09:11.809 --> 00:09:14.809 after his kingdom had departed from him and gone. 00:09:16.610 --> 00:09:29.610 “He said: My Lord! Forgive me and bestow on me sovereignty such as shall not belong to any after me. Lo! Thou art the Bestower.” (38:35) 00:09:31.250 --> 00:09:32.250 Sulayman said: 00:09:33.049 --> 00:09:38.850 "My Lord, cover my sin that I have committed between me and You, and do not punish me for it." 00:09:39.529 --> 00:09:51.529 "And grant me a kingdom such as will not belong to anyone after me; may no one take it from me. Indeed, You are the Bestower of what You will to whom You will; in Your hand are the treasures of everything." 00:09:53.299 --> 00:10:00.299 “So We made the wind subservient unto him, setting fair by his command whithersoever he intended.” (38:36) 00:10:00.980 --> 00:10:11.980 And the devils, every builder and diver, and others bound in shackles. 00:10:14.620 --> 00:10:21.620 So We answered his prayer and subjected the wind to him in place of the horses that had distracted him from prayer. 00:10:22.620 --> 00:10:25.620 It blew by his command, gentle and soft, wherever he directed it. 00:10:26.620 --> 00:10:30.620 And We subjected the devils to him, and We gave him authority over them, 00:10:31.620 --> 00:10:35.620 in place of what We had tested him with when We placed that body on his throne. 00:10:36.620 --> 00:10:41.620 He employed them in whatever he wished of his works, from building and diving. 00:10:42.620 --> 00:10:45.620 The builders would construct prayer chambers and statues. 00:10:46.620 --> 00:10:49.620 And the divers would extract jewelry for him from the seas. 00:10:50.620 --> 00:10:52.620 And the rebellious ones were bound in chains. 00:10:54.509 --> 00:11:00.509 "This is Our gift, so give or withhold without account." 00:11:01.190 --> 00:11:08.190 And indeed, for him is nearness to Us and a good place of return. 00:11:10.860 --> 00:11:13.860 This kingdom which We have given you is Our gift. 00:11:14.860 --> 00:11:18.860 So give to whom you wish, whatever you wish of the kingdom, and withhold from whom you wish. 00:11:19.860 --> 00:11:21.860 There is no account required of you for that. 00:11:22.899 --> 00:11:26.899 And indeed, for Sulayman with Us is nearness due to his turning to Us. 00:11:27.899 --> 00:11:29.899 And a good place of return and destination in the Hereafter. 00:11:31.570 --> 00:11:41.570 “And make mention (O Muhammad) of Our bondman Job, when he cried unto his Lord (saying): Lo! the devil doth afflict me with distress and torment.” (38:41) 00:11:43.110 --> 00:11:46.110 And remember also, O Muhammad, Our servant Ayyub (Job). 00:11:47.110 --> 00:11:51.110 When he called to his Lord, seeking His help regarding the affliction that had befallen him. 00:11:52.110 --> 00:11:55.110 "My Lord, indeed the devil has touched me with hardship," 00:11:56.110 --> 00:11:58.110 which is the illness that afflicted his body, 00:11:58.789 --> 00:12:01.789 and torment through the loss of my wealth and my children. 00:12:02.789 --> 00:12:05.690 "Strike with your foot." 00:12:06.690 --> 00:12:10.690 “(And it was said unto him): Strike the ground with thy foot. This (spring) is a cool bath and a refreshing drink.” (38:42) 00:12:11.690 --> 00:12:14.360 Move and strike the earth with your foot. 00:12:15.360 --> 00:12:17.360 This is water to wash with and to drink from. 00:12:18.360 --> 00:12:22.360 It is mentioned that a spring gushed forth when he struck the earth with his foot. 00:12:23.360 --> 00:12:25.360 So he washed and drank. 00:12:26.360 --> 00:12:28.360 So We removed the affliction that he was in. 00:12:29.039 --> 00:12:44.649 “And We bestowed on him (again) his household and therewith the like thereof, a mercy from Us, and a memorial for men of understanding.” (38:43) 00:12:46.539 --> 00:12:50.539 And We granted him his family, wife and children, and the like of them with them, 00:12:51.539 --> 00:12:53.539 as a mercy from Us and a reminder, 00:12:54.539 --> 00:12:56.539 for those of intellect. 00:12:57.539 --> 00:12:59.539 So that they may take warning from it and be admonished. 00:13:00.960 --> 00:13:04.960 “And (it was said unto him): Take in thine hand a branch and smite therewith, and break not thine oath. Lo! We found him steadfast, how excellent a slave! Lo! he was ever turning in repentance (to his Lord).” (38:44) 00:13:05.960 --> 00:13:08.960 Indeed, We found him patient. 00:13:09.960 --> 00:13:13.960 An excellent servant; indeed, he was one who frequently turned to Allah. 00:13:14.960 --> 00:13:17.570 And We said to Ayyub: 00:13:18.570 --> 00:13:21.570 "Take in your hand a bundle," which is what is gathered of something, 00:13:22.570 --> 00:13:24.570 like a bunch of fresh grass, 00:13:25.570 --> 00:13:28.570 or a handful of trees, grass, or stalks. 00:13:29.250 --> 00:13:34.250 "And strike your wife with the bundle, so that you may fulfill your oath which you swore." 00:13:35.279 --> 00:13:38.279 Indeed, We found Ayyub patient in the face of affliction. 00:13:39.279 --> 00:13:41.279 Indeed, he was one who was devoted to the obedience of Allah. 00:13:42.279 --> 00:13:44.279 And he was one who frequently returned to His pleasure. 00:13:46.049 --> 00:13:53.049 And remember Our servants Ibrahim (Abraham), Ishaq (Isaac), and Ya'qub (Jacob), those of strength and vision. 00:13:53.730 --> 00:13:59.730 Indeed, We chose them for a pure quality: the remembrance of the Home (the Hereafter). 00:14:00.730 --> 00:14:06.730 “Lo! in Our sight they are verily of the elect, the excellent.” (38:47) 00:14:07.730 --> 00:14:12.779 “And make mention of Our bondmen, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, men of parts and vision.” (38:45) 00:14:13.779 --> 00:14:16.779 People of strength in the worship of Allah and obedience to Him. 00:14:17.779 --> 00:14:19.779 And people of insight of the heart. 00:14:20.779 --> 00:14:22.779 It is possible that "those of strength" means, 00:14:23.460 --> 00:14:25.460 that is, before Allah, through righteous deeds. 00:14:26.460 --> 00:14:31.460 So Allah made their righteous deeds in this world a source of strength for them before Him. 00:14:32.460 --> 00:14:36.590 Indeed, We chose them for a pure quality, which is the remembrance of the Home of the Hereafter. 00:14:37.590 --> 00:14:39.590 So they worked for it in this world. 00:14:40.590 --> 00:14:42.590 So they obeyed Allah and were mindful of Him. 00:14:43.590 --> 00:14:45.590 And indeed, these whom We have mentioned, 00:14:46.590 --> 00:14:50.590 are among those We have chosen for Our obedience and for Our message to Our creation. 00:14:52.070 --> 00:15:00.070 And remember Isma'il (Ishmael), al-Yasa' (Elisha), and Dhu al-Kifl, and all are among the chosen. 00:15:01.840 --> 00:15:04.840 And remember, O Muhammad, Isma'il, al-Yasa', and Dhu al-Kifl. 00:15:05.840 --> 00:15:07.840 And what they endured in the obedience of Allah. 00:15:08.840 --> 00:15:13.840 So follow their example and tread their paths in patience regarding what has befallen you for the sake of Allah. 00:15:15.769 --> 00:15:21.769 “This is a reminder. And lo! for those who ward off (evil) is a happy journey's end,” (38:49) 00:15:22.450 --> 00:15:28.450 “Gardens of Eden, whereof the gates are opened for them,” (38:50) 00:15:29.450 --> 00:15:37.450 “Wherein, reclining, they call for plenteous fruit and cool drink (that is) therein.” (38:51) 00:15:39.019 --> 00:15:42.019 This Qur'an which We have revealed to you, O Muhammad, 00:15:43.019 --> 00:15:44.019 is a reminder for you and for your people. 00:15:45.019 --> 00:15:47.019 We have reminded you and them through it. 00:15:48.019 --> 00:15:51.019 And indeed, for the righteous who fear Allah, 00:15:51.700 --> 00:15:54.700 is a good place of return to which they will return in the Hereafter. 00:15:55.700 --> 00:15:59.700 Gardens of residence, with their gates opened for them. 00:16:00.700 --> 00:16:03.700 Reclining therein in Gardens of Eden upon thrones. 00:16:04.700 --> 00:16:07.700 They will call therein for much fruit from the fruits of Paradise, 00:16:08.700 --> 00:16:10.700 and drink from its drink. 00:16:11.700 --> 00:16:15.820 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.