WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.740 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:13.949 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah al-Baqarah. 00:00:17.789 --> 00:00:22.829 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.070 --> 00:00:29.629 “And when Moses asked for water for his people, We said: Smite with thy staff the rock. And there gushed out therefrom twelve springs (so that) each tribe knew their drinking-place. Eat and drink of that which Allah hath provided, and do not act corruptly, making mischief in the earth.” (2:60) 00:00:30.030 --> 00:00:34.829 Then twelve springs gushed forth from it. 00:00:35.310 --> 00:00:39.630 Every tribe knew its drinking place. 00:00:40.030 --> 00:00:47.310 “And when Moses asked for water for his people, We said: Smite with thy staff the rock. And there gushed out therefrom twelve springs (so that) each tribe knew their drinking-place. Eat and drink of that which Allah hath provided, and do not act corruptly, making mischief in the earth.” (2:60) 00:00:48.420 --> 00:00:52.700 And when We asked Musa (peace be upon him) to provide water for his people, while he was among his youth. 00:00:53.299 --> 00:00:57.179 We said, "Strike the rock with your staff," referring to the well-known rock. 00:00:57.500 --> 00:01:03.179 Which has no fixed place on earth and no path to it except for its owners. 00:01:03.740 --> 00:01:08.379 Musa struck it, and twelve springs gushed forth from it. 00:01:08.780 --> 00:01:11.739 Every tribe among them knew its drinking place. 00:01:12.140 --> 00:01:16.219 For each of those springs, there was a specific spot on the rock. 00:01:16.540 --> 00:01:19.099 Known to the tribe that would drink from it. 00:01:19.500 --> 00:01:20.700 And it was said to them: 00:01:21.099 --> 00:01:23.260 “And when Moses asked for water for his people, We said: Smite with thy staff the rock. And there gushed out therefrom twelve springs (so that) each tribe knew their drinking-place. Eat and drink of that which Allah hath provided, and do not act corruptly, making mischief in the earth.” (2:60) 00:01:23.659 --> 00:01:27.019 "Do not commit tyranny, and do not roam the earth causing corruption." 00:01:28.069 --> 00:01:35.269 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:44.069 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:01:44.230 --> 00:01:54.549 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:01:55.030 --> 00:02:01.269 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:02:01.829 --> 00:02:08.150 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:02:08.629 --> 00:02:17.509 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:02:18.069 --> 00:02:33.430 “And when ye said: O Moses! We are weary of one kind of food; so call upon thy Lord for us that He bring forth for us of that which the earth groweth - of its herbs and its cucumbers and its corn and its lentils and its onions. He said: Would ye exchange that which is higher for that which is lower? Go down to settled country, thus ye shall get that which ye demand. And humiliation and wretchedness were stamped upon them and they were visited with wrath from Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.” (2:61) 00:02:33.909 --> 00:02:38.629 That was because they disobeyed and used to transgress. 00:02:39.479 --> 00:02:47.319 And remember when you said, "O Musa, we cannot endure one type of food, which is the manna and the quail." 00:02:47.800 --> 00:02:55.879 "So call upon your Lord for us to bring forth for us from what the earth grows: its herbs, its cucumbers, its lentils, and its onions." 00:02:56.360 --> 00:02:59.800 As for the *fum*, it is said to be wheat and bread. 00:03:00.280 --> 00:03:02.039 And it is said to be garlic. 00:03:02.710 --> 00:03:09.030 Musa said to them, "Would you exchange what is inferior for what is better in value and worth?" 00:03:09.430 --> 00:03:11.509 Replacing that which is better with that which is worse. 00:03:12.409 --> 00:03:16.250 So Musa prayed, and We answered him, and We said to them: 00:03:16.810 --> 00:03:21.129 "Go down to a settlement, for you will find there what you have asked for." 00:03:21.689 --> 00:03:24.969 Because only cities and towns produce such things. 00:03:25.610 --> 00:03:30.090 It is possible it refers to Egypt, and it is possible it refers to the Levant. 00:03:30.889 --> 00:03:34.009 And humiliation and wretchedness were imposed and decreed upon them. 00:03:34.569 --> 00:03:38.169 They would not be granted safety unless they paid the jizya. 00:03:38.729 --> 00:03:41.930 And poverty and need were imposed upon them. 00:03:42.569 --> 00:03:45.849 They turned back and returned, bearing the wrath of Allah. 00:03:46.330 --> 00:03:48.250 It had become incumbent and binding upon them. 00:03:48.810 --> 00:03:51.849 That was the imposition of humiliation and wretchedness upon them. 00:03:52.330 --> 00:03:55.689 Because they used to disbelieve in the signs of Allah. 00:03:56.330 --> 00:03:59.849 And as a recompense for their killing of the prophets unjustly. 00:04:00.729 --> 00:04:04.889 And because of their disobedience to their Lord and their transgression of His limits. 00:04:06.060 --> 00:04:13.500 Indeed, those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabeans. 00:04:13.819 --> 00:04:20.860 Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does righteous deeds. 00:04:21.420 --> 00:04:26.699 They shall have their reward with their Lord. 00:04:26.699 --> 00:04:31.500 And there shall be no fear upon them, nor shall they grieve. 00:04:32.980 --> 00:04:37.379 Indeed, those who believed the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding the truth he brought to them. 00:04:38.199 --> 00:04:43.319 And those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabeans. 00:04:43.560 --> 00:04:46.360 Those who departed from one religion to another. 00:04:47.160 --> 00:04:49.639 Whoever among them believed and affirmed the Resurrection. 00:04:50.120 --> 00:04:52.439 And did righteous deeds, obeying Allah. 00:04:53.079 --> 00:04:56.360 They shall have the reward of their righteous deeds with their Lord. 00:04:57.000 --> 00:05:01.560 And there shall be no fear upon them regarding the horrors of the Day of Resurrection they are approaching. 00:05:02.120 --> 00:05:06.439 Nor shall they grieve for what they left behind in the world. 00:05:07.290 --> 00:05:12.810 And when We took your covenant and raised the Mount above you. 00:05:12.810 --> 00:05:26.089 "Take what We have given you with determination, and remember what is in it, that you may become righteous." 00:05:27.259 --> 00:05:30.860 And when We took the covenant, confirmed by an oath or a pledge. 00:05:31.420 --> 00:05:35.339 “And (remember) when We made a covenant with the Children of Israel, (saying): Worship none save Allah (only), and be good to parents and to kindred and to orphans and the needy, and speak kindly to mankind; and establish worship and pay the poor-due. Then, after that, ye slid back, save a few of you, being averse.” (2:83) 00:05:35.899 --> 00:05:39.259 And We raised the mountain above you and said to you: 00:05:39.899 --> 00:05:43.420 "Take what We have commanded you and made obligatory upon you." 00:05:43.980 --> 00:05:47.259 And act with diligence and effort, without negligence. 00:05:47.660 --> 00:05:49.660 Otherwise, We will cast it upon you. 00:05:50.629 --> 00:05:55.589 And remember what is in Our Book of promises, warnings, encouragements, and threats. 00:05:56.069 --> 00:05:58.949 Recite it, take heed from it, and contemplate it. 00:05:59.509 --> 00:06:01.029 So that you may fear My punishment. 00:06:01.430 --> 00:06:04.709 And desist from the disobedience you are currently in. 00:06:05.779 --> 00:06:11.139 “Then, even after that, ye turned away, and if it had not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy ye had been among the losers.” (2:64) 00:06:11.779 --> 00:06:19.939 “Then, even after that, ye turned away, and if it had not been for the grace of Allah and His mercy ye had been among the losers.” (2:64) 00:06:21.290 --> 00:06:27.850 Then you turned away after you had given your Lord the covenants to act and fulfill what He commanded you. 00:06:28.569 --> 00:06:31.689 Had it not been for Allah’s grace upon you through repentance. 00:06:32.170 --> 00:06:34.410 And His mercy with which He showed you mercy. 00:06:34.970 --> 00:06:37.370 And His overlooking of your sin. 00:06:37.930 --> 00:06:41.129 You would have been among those who deprive themselves of their share of good. 00:06:41.689 --> 00:06:45.610 And among the losers because of the breach of your covenant. 00:06:46.420 --> 00:06:58.819 “And ye know of those of you who broke the Sabbath, how We said unto them: Be ye apes, despised and hated!” (2:65) 00:06:59.720 --> 00:07:02.759 And you have certainly known those among you who transgressed My limits. 00:07:03.240 --> 00:07:06.279 And committed what I forbade them on the Sabbath. 00:07:06.759 --> 00:07:07.800 And disobeyed My command. 00:07:08.360 --> 00:07:14.920 So We said to them, "Become apes, cast away from goodness, humiliated and despised." 00:07:15.750 --> 00:07:25.029 “And We made it an example to their own and to succeeding generations, and an admonition to the Allah-fearing.” (2:66) 00:07:26.230 --> 00:07:31.990 We made our punishment for them a deterrent for the sins they had committed before it. 00:07:32.709 --> 00:07:36.870 And for those who would come after them, as a punishment for similar sins. 00:07:37.430 --> 00:07:41.110 That if anyone were to do as they did, they would be transformed just as they were. 00:07:41.750 --> 00:07:44.470 And that the same fate would befall them as befell them. 00:07:45.110 --> 00:07:47.750 And We made it a lesson for the righteous. 00:07:48.389 --> 00:07:51.589 So that they may take heed, learn a lesson, and remember through it. 00:07:52.500 --> 00:08:01.300 “And when Moses said unto his people: Lo! Allah commandeth you that ye sacrifice a cow, they said: Dost thou make game of us? He answered: Allah forbid that I should be among the foolish!” (2:67) 00:08:01.699 --> 00:08:04.899 They said, "Do you take us in mockery?" 00:08:05.379 --> 00:08:10.579 “And when Moses said unto his people: Lo! Allah commandeth you that ye sacrifice a cow, they said: Dost thou make game of us? He answered: Allah forbid that I should be among the foolish!” (2:67) 00:08:11.660 --> 00:08:14.620 And remember also when Musa (peace be upon him) said to his people. 00:08:15.100 --> 00:08:17.819 When they disputed regarding the person who was killed. 00:08:18.459 --> 00:08:21.660 “And when Moses said unto his people: Lo! Allah commandeth you that ye sacrifice a cow, they said: Dost thou make game of us? He answered: Allah forbid that I should be among the foolish!” (2:67) 00:08:22.379 --> 00:08:25.259 They said, "Do you take us in jest and mockery?" 00:08:25.899 --> 00:08:30.060 He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant." 00:08:30.540 --> 00:08:33.899 Who attribute lies and falsehood to Allah. 00:08:34.700 --> 00:08:39.340 They said, "Call upon your Lord for us to clarify for us what it is." 00:08:39.659 --> 00:08:47.580 “They said: Pray for us unto thy Lord that He make clear to us what (cow) she is. (Moses) answered: Lo! He saith, Verily she is a cow neither with calf nor immature; (she is) between the two conditions; so do that which ye are commanded.” (2:68) 00:08:48.059 --> 00:08:54.379 "Neither old nor young, but of an age in between that." 00:08:55.019 --> 00:08:58.620 "So do what you are commanded." 00:09:00.090 --> 00:09:02.649 So the people of Musa (peace be upon him) said, questioning him further. 00:09:03.370 --> 00:09:06.250 "Call upon your Lord for us to clarify for us what it is." 00:09:06.970 --> 00:09:11.210 He said, "It is a cow, neither old and decrepit." 00:09:11.929 --> 00:09:13.690 "Nor young, having never given birth." 00:09:14.570 --> 00:09:17.049 "But of an age between the young and the old." 00:09:17.769 --> 00:09:21.049 Because it is at the peak of its strength among cattle and beasts. 00:09:21.769 --> 00:09:23.289 And in its best condition. 00:09:23.929 --> 00:09:26.570 "So slaughter the cow that you were commanded." 00:09:27.289 --> 00:09:32.250 They said, "Call upon your Lord for us to clarify for us what its color is." 00:09:32.730 --> 00:09:42.970 “They said: Pray for us unto thy Lord that He make clear to us of what colour she is. (Moses) answered: Lo! He saith: Verily she is a yellow cow. Bright is her colour, gladdening beholders.” (2:69) 00:09:42.970 --> 00:09:49.210 "Bright in color, pleasing to the beholders." 00:09:50.299 --> 00:09:52.460 The people of Musa (peace be upon him) said, out of stubbornness. 00:09:53.179 --> 00:09:58.940 "Call upon your Lord for us to clarify for us what the color of the cow is that you commanded us to slaughter." 00:09:59.740 --> 00:10:01.500 So he said, as a punishment for them: 00:10:01.980 --> 00:10:03.980 "It is a yellow cow." 00:10:04.539 --> 00:10:06.539 "Pure and bright in its color." 00:10:07.100 --> 00:10:13.419 "This cow amazes the one who looks at it with the beauty of its creation, appearance, and form." 00:10:14.360 --> 00:10:18.600 They said, "Call upon your Lord for us to clarify for us what it is." 00:10:18.600 --> 00:10:25.159 "For the cow has become confusing to us." 00:10:25.159 --> 00:10:32.120 “They said: Pray for us unto thy Lord that He make clear to us what (cow) she is. Lo! cows are much alike to us; and Lo! if Allah wills, we may be led aright.” (2:70) 00:10:33.240 --> 00:10:34.679 The people of Musa (peace be upon him) said: 00:10:35.240 --> 00:10:37.720 "Call upon your Lord to clarify for us what it is." 00:10:38.120 --> 00:10:40.360 "The cow has become ambiguous to us." 00:10:40.919 --> 00:10:45.960 "And we, if Allah wills, will be guided to what has become ambiguous and confusing to us." 00:10:46.440 --> 00:10:49.720 Regarding the matter of the cow that we were commanded to slaughter. 00:10:50.500 --> 00:11:07.059 “(Moses) answered: Lo! He saith: Verily she is a cow unyoked; she plougheth not the soil nor watereth the tilth; whole and without mark. They said: Now thou bringest the truth. So they sacrificed her, though almost they did not.” (2:71) 00:11:07.460 --> 00:11:14.500 “(Moses) answered: Lo! He saith: Verily she is a cow unyoked; she plougheth not the soil nor watereth the tilth; whole and without mark. They said: Now thou bringest the truth. So they sacrificed her, though almost they did not.” (2:71) 00:11:15.460 --> 00:11:22.179 Musa (peace be upon him) said, "Allah says that the cow I commanded you to slaughter..." 00:11:22.740 --> 00:11:28.100 "...is a cow not trained to work, nor to till the earth for cultivation with its hooves." 00:11:28.580 --> 00:11:32.419 "Nor does it irrigate the fields for the crops." 00:11:33.059 --> 00:11:40.419 "And it is, moreover, sound and free from defects, with no color on it that differs from the color of its hide." 00:11:40.980 --> 00:11:48.740 They said, "Now you have brought us the truth," so they understood and knew which cow was specified. 00:11:49.620 --> 00:11:53.700 So the people of Musa (peace be upon him) slaughtered the cow that Allah had described to them. 00:11:54.179 --> 00:12:00.019 And they had nearly refrained from slaughtering it and abandoned the duty Allah had imposed upon them in that regard. 00:12:11.240 --> 00:12:20.330 And remember, O Children of Israel, when you killed a person and disputed and argued about it. 00:12:20.809 --> 00:12:25.529 And Allah is the Revealer of what you were concealing regarding the killing of the victim. 00:12:26.149 --> 00:12:37.909 “And We said: Smite him with some of it. Thus Allah bringeth the dead to life and showeth you His portents so that ye may understand.” (2:73) 00:12:38.899 --> 00:12:45.779 So We said to the people of Musa (peace be upon him) who disputed about the victim, "Strike the victim with a part of the cow." 00:12:46.259 --> 00:12:51.299 So they struck him, and he came to life, and I am as I brought him to life in the world. 00:12:51.860 --> 00:12:56.899 Just as so, I bring the dead to life after their death, and I will resurrect them on the Day of Resurrection. 00:12:57.620 --> 00:13:00.659 So take heed, O you who deny the Resurrection. 00:13:01.379 --> 00:13:07.379 And Allah shows you, O disbelievers, His signs and proofs that indicate his prophethood. 00:13:07.940 --> 00:13:14.100 So that you may reason and understand that he is truthful and sincere, and thus believe in him and follow him. 00:13:21.559 --> 00:13:25.480 “Then, even after that, your hearts were hardened and became as rocks, or worse than rocks, for hardness. For indeed there are rocks from out which rivers gush, and indeed there are rocks which split asunder so that water floweth from them. And indeed there are rocks which fall down for the fear of Allah. Allah is not unaware of what ye do.” (2:74) 00:13:26.200 --> 00:13:31.080 And Allah is not unaware of what you do. 00:13:52.149 --> 00:13:59.909 Then your hearts became hardened and callous after He brought to life for them the victim they had disputed over. 00:14:00.389 --> 00:14:05.429 So your hearts are like stones in hardness, dryness, coarseness, and intensity. 00:14:05.909 --> 00:14:08.549 Or even harder than stones. 00:14:09.110 --> 00:14:15.669 And indeed, among stones are those from which water gushes forth, from which rivers are formed. 00:14:16.230 --> 00:14:19.750 And indeed, among stones are those that split open. 00:14:20.230 --> 00:14:25.830 So water comes out of it, becoming a flowing spring and running rivers. 00:14:26.470 --> 00:14:34.309 And indeed, among stones are those that fall from the top of a mountain to the earth and the slope out of fear and awe of Allah. 00:14:34.950 --> 00:14:41.429 And Allah is not unaware, O assembly of deniers, of what you do of your evil deeds. 00:14:41.990 --> 00:14:44.389 But He records them against you. 00:14:44.789 --> 00:14:47.029 So He will recompense you for them in the Hereafter. 00:14:47.509 --> 00:14:50.149 Or He will punish you for them in this world.