1 00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,480 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 2 00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:06,440 The Ifadah Center 3 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:09,640 for Humanities Research and Studies 4 00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:10,939 presents: 5 00:00:10,939 --> 00:00:16,239 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari. 6 00:00:16,239 --> 00:00:20,899 Chapter: Employing Cattle for Tillage. 7 00:00:20,899 --> 00:00:25,070 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 8 00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:30,070 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) led the morning prayer, 9 00:00:30,070 --> 00:00:32,070 then turned toward the people 10 00:00:32,570 --> 00:00:33,570 and said: 11 00:00:33,570 --> 00:00:36,570 "While a man was driving a cow, 12 00:00:36,570 --> 00:00:39,070 he rode upon it and beat it, 13 00:00:39,070 --> 00:00:40,570 whereupon it said: 14 00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:43,070 'We were not created for this; 15 00:00:43,070 --> 00:00:45,570 we were only created for tillage.' " 16 00:00:45,570 --> 00:00:47,570 The people said, 17 00:00:47,570 --> 00:00:49,070 "Glory be to Allah! 18 00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:51,070 A cow speaks?!" 19 00:00:51,070 --> 00:00:52,570 So he said: 20 00:00:52,570 --> 00:00:54,570 "Indeed, I believe in this, 21 00:00:54,570 --> 00:00:57,070 as do Abu Bakr and Umar" — 22 00:00:57,070 --> 00:00:59,070 though neither of them was present. 23 00:00:59,070 --> 00:01:01,820 "And while a man was tending his sheep, 24 00:01:01,820 --> 00:01:05,319 a wolf attacked and carried off one of them. 25 00:01:05,319 --> 00:01:09,319 So he pursued it until he managed to rescue it from the wolf, 26 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:11,319 whereupon the wolf said to him: 27 00:01:11,319 --> 00:01:14,819 'You have rescued it from me now, 28 00:01:14,819 --> 00:01:17,319 but who will protect it on the Day of the Predator, 29 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:20,319 the day when it will have no shepherd other than me?' " 30 00:01:20,319 --> 00:01:21,890 The people said, 31 00:01:21,890 --> 00:01:23,390 "Glory be to Allah! 32 00:01:23,390 --> 00:01:25,390 A wolf speaks?!" 33 00:01:25,390 --> 00:01:26,890 He said: 34 00:01:26,890 --> 00:01:28,890 "Indeed, I believe in this, 35 00:01:28,890 --> 00:01:30,890 as do Abu Bakr and Umar" — 36 00:01:30,890 --> 00:01:32,890 though neither of them was present. 37 00:01:32,890 --> 00:01:36,590 Commentary on the Hadith: 38 00:01:36,590 --> 00:01:39,299 "Turned toward the people": 39 00:01:39,299 --> 00:01:40,799 meaning, he faced them. 40 00:01:40,799 --> 00:01:42,299 "Driving": 41 00:01:42,299 --> 00:01:44,299 meaning, herding it in front of him. 42 00:01:44,299 --> 00:01:46,359 "We were not created for this": 43 00:01:46,359 --> 00:01:48,859 meaning, we were not created to be ridden. 44 00:01:48,859 --> 00:01:50,859 "We were created for tillage": 45 00:01:50,859 --> 00:01:53,359 meaning, created for agricultural labor. 46 00:01:53,359 --> 00:01:55,359 This is not meant as an absolute limitation, 47 00:01:55,359 --> 00:01:59,359 but rather an indication of the primary purpose for which they were created; 48 00:01:59,359 --> 00:02:01,859 for cattle are also slaughtered and eaten, 49 00:02:01,859 --> 00:02:03,859 and their milk is drunk. 50 00:02:03,859 --> 00:02:05,920 "Though neither of them was present": 51 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:07,920 meaning, they were not among the attendees. 52 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:09,990 "Attacked": 53 00:02:09,990 --> 00:02:11,990 meaning, it assaulted the flock. 54 00:02:11,990 --> 00:02:13,990 "Carried off one of them": 55 00:02:13,990 --> 00:02:15,990 meaning, seized a sheep aggressively. 56 00:02:15,990 --> 00:02:17,990 "Pursued it": 57 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:19,990 meaning, ran after it. 58 00:02:19,990 --> 00:02:21,990 "Rescued it from it": 59 00:02:21,990 --> 00:02:23,990 meaning, snatched it back and recovered it. 60 00:02:23,990 --> 00:02:25,990 "Who will protect it": 61 00:02:25,990 --> 00:02:27,990 meaning, who will guard it and shepherd it? 62 00:02:27,990 --> 00:02:30,120 "The Day of the Predator": 63 00:02:30,120 --> 00:02:32,120 refers to the Day of Resurrection, 64 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:34,120 and it is also said 65 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:36,120 that the predator refers to the place 66 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:38,120 where the Gathering will occur on the Day of Resurrection. 67 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:40,599 Points of Benefit 68 00:02:40,599 --> 00:02:43,270 from the Hadith: 69 00:02:43,270 --> 00:02:45,270 The hadith contains signs of prophethood; 70 00:02:45,270 --> 00:02:47,270 it highlights 71 00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:49,270 the virtue of the two Shaykhs, Abu Bakr and Umar 72 00:02:49,270 --> 00:02:51,270 (may Allah be pleased with them), 73 00:02:51,270 --> 00:02:53,270 and shows the Messenger of Allah's 74 00:02:53,270 --> 00:02:55,270 (peace be upon him) trust in their faith, 75 00:02:55,270 --> 00:02:57,270 a faith untouched 76 00:02:57,270 --> 00:02:59,360 by any doubt. 77 00:02:59,360 --> 00:03:01,360 It also indicates that beasts of burden should only be employed 78 00:03:01,360 --> 00:03:03,360 according to customary practice 79 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:05,430 regarding their use. 80 00:03:05,430 --> 00:03:07,430 Furthermore, it demonstrates the permissibility of delivering an admonition 81 00:03:07,430 --> 00:03:09,430 after the morning prayer. 82 00:03:09,430 --> 00:03:13,319 Chapter: When One Says: 83 00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:15,319 "Relieve me of the maintenance of the date palms and the like, 84 00:03:15,319 --> 00:03:17,319 and you shall share in the fruit." 85 00:03:17,319 --> 00:03:19,800 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah 86 00:03:19,800 --> 00:03:21,800 (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 87 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:23,800 The Ansar said 88 00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:25,800 to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 89 00:03:25,800 --> 00:03:27,800 "Divide between us 90 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:29,800 and our brethren the date palms." 91 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:31,800 He said, "No." 92 00:03:31,800 --> 00:03:33,800 So they said, 93 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:35,800 "Relieve us of the labor, 94 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:37,800 and we will share the fruit with you." 95 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:39,800 They replied, "We hear 96 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:42,370 and we obey." 97 00:03:42,370 --> 00:03:44,370 Commentary on the Hadith: 98 00:03:44,370 --> 00:03:46,849 "The maintenance": 99 00:03:46,849 --> 00:03:48,849 what is meant here 100 00:03:48,849 --> 00:03:50,849 is watering, pruning, harvesting, 101 00:03:50,849 --> 00:03:52,849 and whatever else maintains the date palms. 102 00:03:52,849 --> 00:03:54,849 "And we will share with you": 103 00:03:54,849 --> 00:03:57,110 meaning, we will give you a share of the harvest. 104 00:03:57,110 --> 00:03:59,110 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 105 00:03:59,110 --> 00:04:01,969 Derived from the hadith is 106 00:04:01,969 --> 00:04:03,969 the legitimacy of sharecropping over trees (musaqah); 107 00:04:03,969 --> 00:04:05,969 it also demonstrates 108 00:04:05,969 --> 00:04:07,969 the virtue of brotherhood for the sake of Allah, 109 00:04:07,969 --> 00:04:09,969 the recommendation 110 00:04:09,969 --> 00:04:11,969 to console and support the impoverished, 111 00:04:11,969 --> 00:04:13,969 and the merit of earning a livelihood with one's own hands. 112 00:04:13,969 --> 00:04:17,860 Chapter: Cutting Down Trees 113 00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:20,149 and Date Palms. 114 00:04:20,149 --> 00:04:22,149 On the authority of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 115 00:04:22,149 --> 00:04:24,149 who said: 116 00:04:24,149 --> 00:04:26,149 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) burned 117 00:04:26,149 --> 00:04:28,149 the date palms of Banu al-Nadir 118 00:04:28,149 --> 00:04:30,149 and cut them down. 119 00:04:31,149 --> 00:04:33,279 In one narration: 120 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:35,279 Concerning this, Hassan ibn Thabit said: 121 00:04:35,279 --> 00:04:37,279 "It was easy for the nobles 122 00:04:37,279 --> 00:04:38,279 of Banu Lu'ayy 123 00:04:38,279 --> 00:04:40,279 to witness the raging fire at al-Buwayrah, 124 00:04:40,279 --> 00:04:42,339 spreading far and wide." 125 00:04:42,339 --> 00:04:44,339 Thereupon, Abu Sufyan 126 00:04:44,339 --> 00:04:46,339 ibn al-Harith responded to him: 127 00:04:46,339 --> 00:04:48,339 "May Allah make that deed endure, 128 00:04:48,339 --> 00:04:50,339 and may a raging blaze ignite 129 00:04:50,339 --> 00:04:52,339 across its borders! 130 00:04:52,339 --> 00:04:54,339 You shall soon know which of us 131 00:04:54,339 --> 00:04:56,339 is far removed from it, 132 00:04:56,339 --> 00:04:58,660 and you shall learn which of our lands will suffer harm." 133 00:04:58,660 --> 00:05:00,660 So there was revealed: 134 00:05:00,660 --> 00:05:02,660 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 135 00:05:02,660 --> 00:05:04,660 "Whatever date palms you cut down or left 136 00:05:04,660 --> 00:05:06,660 standing on their trunks, 137 00:05:06,660 --> 00:05:09,459 it was by the permission of Allah." 138 00:05:09,459 --> 00:05:11,459 Commentary on the Hadith: 139 00:05:11,459 --> 00:05:13,939 "Al-Buwayrah": 140 00:05:13,939 --> 00:05:15,939 a locality in the territory of Banu al-Nadir. 141 00:05:15,939 --> 00:05:18,100 "Whatever you cut down 142 00:05:18,100 --> 00:05:20,100 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 143 00:05:20,100 --> 00:05:22,100 or left standing on their trunks, 144 00:05:22,100 --> 00:05:24,100 it was by the permission of Allah": 145 00:05:24,100 --> 00:05:26,129 when Banu al-Nadir blamed 146 00:05:26,129 --> 00:05:28,129 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 147 00:05:28,129 --> 00:05:30,129 and the Muslims 148 00:05:30,129 --> 00:05:32,129 for cutting down the date palms and trees, 149 00:05:32,129 --> 00:05:34,129 claiming that this was 150 00:05:34,129 --> 00:05:36,129 corruption on earth, 151 00:05:36,129 --> 00:05:38,129 and used that to cast slander 152 00:05:38,129 --> 00:05:40,129 upon the Muslims, 153 00:05:40,129 --> 00:05:42,129 Allah Almighty declared that cutting down the date palms, 154 00:05:42,129 --> 00:05:44,129 whether they felled them or spared 155 00:05:44,129 --> 00:05:46,129 them, 156 00:05:46,129 --> 00:05:48,129 was by His leave 157 00:05:48,129 --> 00:05:50,129 and His command, so that it might serve as 158 00:05:50,129 --> 00:05:52,129 an exemplary punishment, disgrace, 159 00:05:52,129 --> 00:05:54,160 and humiliation for them in this worldly life. 160 00:05:54,160 --> 00:05:56,160 "Al-linah" is a name 161 00:05:56,160 --> 00:05:58,160 for all types of date palms according to the soundest 162 00:05:58,160 --> 00:06:00,160 and most preponderant view. 163 00:06:00,160 --> 00:06:02,360 Points of Benefit 164 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:05,350 from the Hadith: 165 00:06:05,350 --> 00:06:07,350 Derived from the hadith is 166 00:06:07,350 --> 00:06:09,350 the permissibility of cutting down date palms and burning 167 00:06:09,350 --> 00:06:11,350 the enemy's property to weaken them 168 00:06:11,350 --> 00:06:13,410 and inflict damage upon them. 169 00:06:13,410 --> 00:06:15,410 The hadith also implies a prohibition 170 00:06:15,410 --> 00:06:17,410 against squandering wealth without cause. 171 00:06:17,410 --> 00:06:21,079 Chapter. 172 00:06:21,079 --> 00:06:23,079 On the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij, who said: 173 00:06:23,079 --> 00:06:25,079 We were the people of Medina who engaged most 174 00:06:25,079 --> 00:06:27,079 in agriculture. 175 00:06:27,079 --> 00:06:29,079 We used to rent out land on the condition that the produce of a specific plot 176 00:06:29,079 --> 00:06:31,079 was designated exclusively for the landowner. 177 00:06:31,079 --> 00:06:33,170 He said: 178 00:06:33,170 --> 00:06:35,170 So that designated plot might yield while 179 00:06:35,170 --> 00:06:37,170 the rest of the land failed, 180 00:06:37,170 --> 00:06:39,170 or the rest of the land might yield while that plot failed; 181 00:06:39,170 --> 00:06:41,170 therefore, we were forbidden from doing so. 182 00:06:41,170 --> 00:06:43,170 In one narration: 183 00:06:43,170 --> 00:06:45,170 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade them from doing that. 184 00:06:47,170 --> 00:06:49,269 As for gold and silver, 185 00:06:49,269 --> 00:06:51,269 they were not used for leasing back then. 186 00:06:51,269 --> 00:06:53,300 In another narration: 187 00:06:53,300 --> 00:06:55,300 "And we were not forbidden from renting for silver." 188 00:06:55,300 --> 00:06:57,839 Commentary on the Hadith: 189 00:06:57,839 --> 00:07:00,420 "Mazdara'": 190 00:07:00,420 --> 00:07:02,420 meaning, cultivated land. 191 00:07:02,420 --> 00:07:04,480 "We rent out": 192 00:07:04,480 --> 00:07:06,480 meaning, we lease. 193 00:07:06,480 --> 00:07:08,480 "A specific plot": meaning, a designated section. 194 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:10,480 "The landowner": 195 00:07:10,480 --> 00:07:12,480 meaning, its proprietor. 196 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:14,480 "Might be afflicted": 197 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:16,480 meaning, suffer a blight and be ruined. 198 00:07:16,480 --> 00:07:18,480 "Al-wariq": 199 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:20,769 meaning, silver coins. 200 00:07:20,769 --> 00:07:23,670 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 201 00:07:23,670 --> 00:07:25,670 Derived from the hadith is 202 00:07:25,670 --> 00:07:27,670 the prohibition of leasing land 203 00:07:27,670 --> 00:07:29,670 in exchange for what it produces 204 00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:31,699 from a specific designated portion. 205 00:07:31,699 --> 00:07:33,699 It also indicates the permissibility of leasing land 206 00:07:33,699 --> 00:07:35,699 for currency. 207 00:07:35,699 --> 00:07:37,699 Furthermore, it contains a prohibition in financial transactions 208 00:07:37,699 --> 00:07:39,699 against any uncertainty (gharar) 209 00:07:39,699 --> 00:07:43,490 that leads to dispute. 210 00:07:43,490 --> 00:07:45,490 Chapter: Sharecropping for Half the Produce 211 00:07:45,490 --> 00:07:47,970 and the like. 212 00:07:47,970 --> 00:07:49,970 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 213 00:07:49,970 --> 00:07:51,970 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 214 00:07:51,970 --> 00:07:53,970 entered into a contract with the people of 215 00:07:53,970 --> 00:07:55,970 Khaybar for half of what it yields 216 00:07:55,970 --> 00:07:58,069 of fruit or crops. 217 00:07:58,069 --> 00:08:00,069 And he used to give his wives 218 00:08:00,069 --> 00:08:02,069 one hundred wasqs: 219 00:08:02,069 --> 00:08:04,069 eighty wasqs of dates 220 00:08:04,069 --> 00:08:06,100 and twenty wasqs of barley. 221 00:08:06,100 --> 00:08:08,100 Later, 'Umar divided Khaybar, 222 00:08:08,100 --> 00:08:10,100 and gave the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 223 00:08:10,100 --> 00:08:12,100 the choice 224 00:08:12,100 --> 00:08:14,100 between granting them land and water as property, 225 00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:16,100 or continuing their previous share. 226 00:08:16,100 --> 00:08:18,100 Some of them chose 227 00:08:18,100 --> 00:08:20,100 the land, 228 00:08:20,100 --> 00:08:22,100 and some chose the wasqs, 229 00:08:22,100 --> 00:08:24,100 and 'A'ishah was among those who chose the land. 230 00:08:24,100 --> 00:08:26,839 Commentary on the Hadith: 231 00:08:26,839 --> 00:08:29,220 "For a share" (bi-shatr): 232 00:08:29,220 --> 00:08:31,220 meaning, for half. 233 00:08:31,220 --> 00:08:33,220 "One hundred wasqs": 234 00:08:33,220 --> 00:08:35,220 a wasq equals sixty sa's, 235 00:08:35,220 --> 00:08:37,220 and it is equivalent to one hundred and fifty 236 00:08:37,220 --> 00:08:39,220 kilograms; 237 00:08:39,220 --> 00:08:41,220 thus, one hundred wasqs equals 238 00:08:41,220 --> 00:08:43,220 fifteen thousand kilograms, 239 00:08:43,220 --> 00:08:45,220 approximately. 240 00:08:45,220 --> 00:08:47,220 "Granting them land" (an yaqta'a lahunna): 241 00:08:47,220 --> 00:08:49,220 as in, the ruler granted so-and-so a certain land, 242 00:08:49,220 --> 00:08:51,220 meaning he gave it to him 243 00:08:51,220 --> 00:08:53,279 and made it his private estate (qati'ah). 244 00:08:53,279 --> 00:08:55,279 "Or continuing their previous share" (aw yumdiya lahunna): 245 00:08:55,279 --> 00:08:57,279 meaning, maintaining for them their previous 246 00:08:57,279 --> 00:08:59,570 apportionment. 247 00:08:59,570 --> 00:09:01,570 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 248 00:09:01,570 --> 00:09:04,279 This hadith is the primary evidence 249 00:09:04,279 --> 00:09:06,279 for those who permit sharecropping (muzara'ah). 250 00:09:06,279 --> 00:09:08,309 It also establishes the legitimacy of crop-sharing contracts for trees (musaqah). 251 00:09:08,309 --> 00:09:10,309 It shows that whatever 252 00:09:10,309 --> 00:09:12,309 the Prophet (peace be upon him) left behind 253 00:09:12,309 --> 00:09:14,309 is not inherited, 254 00:09:14,309 --> 00:09:16,309 and whatever he left beyond 255 00:09:16,309 --> 00:09:18,309 the maintenance of his wives is deemed 256 00:09:18,309 --> 00:09:20,309 charity. 257 00:09:20,309 --> 00:09:22,309 The hadith also points to the permissibility 258 00:09:22,309 --> 00:09:26,360 of storing provisions. 259 00:09:26,360 --> 00:09:28,549 Chapter: On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas 260 00:09:28,549 --> 00:09:30,549 (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 261 00:09:30,549 --> 00:09:32,549 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)— 262 00:09:32,549 --> 00:09:34,580 and in one narration: 263 00:09:34,580 --> 00:09:36,580 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 264 00:09:36,580 --> 00:09:38,580 did not forbid it, 265 00:09:38,580 --> 00:09:40,840 but rather 266 00:09:40,840 --> 00:09:42,840 he went out to a piece of land 267 00:09:42,840 --> 00:09:44,840 flourishing with vegetation, 268 00:09:44,840 --> 00:09:46,840 and asked, 'Whose is this?' 269 00:09:46,840 --> 00:09:48,840 They replied, 'It was rented by 270 00:09:48,840 --> 00:09:50,840 so-and-so.' 271 00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:52,840 Thereupon he said, 272 00:09:52,840 --> 00:09:54,840 'Had he granted it to him as a gift, 273 00:09:54,840 --> 00:09:56,840 it would have been better for him than 274 00:09:56,840 --> 00:09:58,840 taking a fixed fee for it.'" 275 00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:00,960 In another narration: 276 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:03,440 "he went out." 277 00:10:03,440 --> 00:10:05,440 Commentary on the Hadith: 278 00:10:05,440 --> 00:10:08,019 "Flourishing with vegetation" (tahtazzu zar'an): 279 00:10:08,019 --> 00:10:10,019 meaning, swaying gracefully 280 00:10:10,019 --> 00:10:12,019 due to the lush crops upon it. 281 00:10:12,019 --> 00:10:14,019 "Rented it" (iktaraaha): 282 00:10:14,019 --> 00:10:16,019 meaning, leased it. 283 00:10:16,019 --> 00:10:18,019 "Granted it" (manahaha): 284 00:10:18,019 --> 00:10:20,370 meaning, lent it free of charge. 285 00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:22,370 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 286 00:10:22,370 --> 00:10:24,980 Derived from the hadith is 287 00:10:24,980 --> 00:10:26,980 the merit of consoling and assisting one's brethren 288 00:10:26,980 --> 00:10:28,980 with wealth. 289 00:10:28,980 --> 00:10:30,980 It also directs toward the most virtuous 290 00:10:30,980 --> 00:10:32,980 of deeds. 291 00:10:32,980 --> 00:10:34,980 Furthermore, it highlights the merit of dealing generously with Allah Almighty. 292 00:10:34,980 --> 00:10:39,029 Chapter: 293 00:10:39,029 --> 00:10:41,029 The Endowments of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 294 00:10:41,029 --> 00:10:43,029 and the Land 295 00:10:43,029 --> 00:10:45,029 Subject to Kharaj, and Their Sharecropping 296 00:10:45,029 --> 00:10:47,799 and Business Transactions. 297 00:10:47,799 --> 00:10:49,799 On the authority of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), 298 00:10:49,799 --> 00:10:51,799 he said: 299 00:10:51,799 --> 00:10:53,799 "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, 300 00:10:53,799 --> 00:10:55,799 were it not that I would leave the future generations of Muslims 301 00:10:55,799 --> 00:10:57,799 destitute, having 302 00:10:57,799 --> 00:10:59,799 nothing, 303 00:10:59,799 --> 00:11:01,799 no city would be conquered for me 304 00:11:01,799 --> 00:11:03,799 except that I would distribute it just as 305 00:11:03,799 --> 00:11:05,799 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) distributed 306 00:11:05,799 --> 00:11:07,799 Khaybar. 307 00:11:07,799 --> 00:11:09,799 But I leave it as a treasury reserve 308 00:11:09,799 --> 00:11:12,529 for them to share its revenues." 309 00:11:12,529 --> 00:11:14,529 Commentary on the Hadith: 310 00:11:14,529 --> 00:11:17,110 "Babban" (destitute): 311 00:11:17,110 --> 00:11:19,110 it is said to mean in a single, impoverished state, 312 00:11:19,110 --> 00:11:21,110 and it is said 313 00:11:21,110 --> 00:11:23,110 to refer to the destitute person who possesses nothing, 314 00:11:23,110 --> 00:11:25,110 among other explanations. 315 00:11:25,110 --> 00:11:27,169 "I leave it" (atrukuha): 316 00:11:27,169 --> 00:11:29,169 meaning, I retain it. 317 00:11:29,169 --> 00:11:31,169 "As a treasury reserve" (khizanatan): 318 00:11:31,169 --> 00:11:33,169 meaning, like a storehouse that preserves sustenance and wealth. 319 00:11:33,169 --> 00:11:35,169 "They share it" (yaqtasimunaha): 320 00:11:35,169 --> 00:11:37,169 what is meant 321 00:11:37,169 --> 00:11:39,169 is that they share its land-tax (kharaj). 322 00:11:39,169 --> 00:11:41,429 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 323 00:11:41,429 --> 00:11:44,230 The report contains 324 00:11:44,230 --> 00:11:46,230 an indication of the Sunnah of the Rightly-Guided 325 00:11:46,230 --> 00:11:48,230 Caliphs (may Allah be pleased with them). 326 00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:50,230 It also proves the validity 327 00:11:50,230 --> 00:11:52,230 of legal reasoning (ijtihad). 328 00:11:52,230 --> 00:11:54,230 It indicates that the ruler's decisions 329 00:11:54,230 --> 00:11:56,230 are tied to the welfare of the subjects. 330 00:11:56,230 --> 00:11:58,230 It also establishes the legitimacy 331 00:11:58,230 --> 00:12:00,230 of saving reserves, and guides 332 00:12:00,230 --> 00:12:02,230 toward sound management of public livelihood. 333 00:12:02,230 --> 00:12:06,309 Chapter: Whoever Revives 334 00:12:06,309 --> 00:12:08,690 Barren Land. 335 00:12:08,690 --> 00:12:10,690 On the authority of 'Urwah, 336 00:12:10,690 --> 00:12:12,690 from 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 337 00:12:12,690 --> 00:12:14,690 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 338 00:12:14,690 --> 00:12:16,690 who said: 339 00:12:16,690 --> 00:12:18,690 "Whoever cultivates land that belongs 340 00:12:18,690 --> 00:12:20,690 to no one has more right to it." 341 00:12:20,690 --> 00:12:23,110 'Urwah said: 342 00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:25,110 "And 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) judged accordingly 343 00:12:25,110 --> 00:12:27,590 during his caliphate." 344 00:12:27,590 --> 00:12:29,590 Commentary on the Hadith: 345 00:12:29,590 --> 00:12:32,230 "Mawat" (barren land): 346 00:12:32,230 --> 00:12:34,230 meaning, uncultivated, ownerless land. 347 00:12:34,230 --> 00:12:36,320 "Cultivates" (a'mara): 348 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:38,320 meaning, revives and reclaims. 349 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:40,740 "Has more right" (ahaqqu): 350 00:12:40,740 --> 00:12:42,740 meaning, holds priority of ownership. 351 00:12:42,740 --> 00:12:45,700 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 352 00:12:45,700 --> 00:12:47,700 Derived from the hadith is 353 00:12:47,700 --> 00:12:49,700 the legitimacy of reviving unowned land, 354 00:12:49,700 --> 00:12:51,700 and that ownership is established through such 355 00:12:51,700 --> 00:12:53,730 revival. 356 00:12:53,730 --> 00:12:55,730 Also, that the ruling of a judge based 357 00:12:55,730 --> 00:12:57,730 on primary textual evidence is binding. 358 00:12:57,730 --> 00:13:01,940 Chapter: When the Owner of the Land Says, 359 00:13:01,940 --> 00:13:03,940 "I let you remain 360 00:13:03,940 --> 00:13:05,940 as long as Allah lets you remain," 361 00:13:05,940 --> 00:13:07,940 without specifying a fixed term, 362 00:13:07,940 --> 00:13:09,940 then both parties abide by their mutual consent. 363 00:13:09,940 --> 00:13:12,580 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, 364 00:13:12,580 --> 00:13:14,580 that 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab 365 00:13:14,580 --> 00:13:16,580 (may Allah be pleased with him) expelled 366 00:13:16,580 --> 00:13:18,580 the Jews and Christians from the land of 367 00:13:18,580 --> 00:13:20,580 the Hijaz. 368 00:13:20,580 --> 00:13:22,580 For when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 369 00:13:22,580 --> 00:13:24,580 conquered Khaybar, 370 00:13:24,580 --> 00:13:26,259 he intended 371 00:13:26,259 --> 00:13:28,419 to expel the Jews from it. 372 00:13:28,419 --> 00:13:30,980 The land, when he conquered it, 373 00:13:30,980 --> 00:13:31,460 belonged to Allah, His Messenger 374 00:13:31,460 --> 00:13:33,460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 375 00:13:33,460 --> 00:13:35,460 and the Muslims, 376 00:13:35,460 --> 00:13:37,460 and he intended to expel the Jews 377 00:13:37,460 --> 00:13:39,460 from it. 378 00:13:39,460 --> 00:13:41,460 But the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah 379 00:13:41,460 --> 00:13:43,460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 380 00:13:43,460 --> 00:13:45,460 to let them remain there, 381 00:13:45,460 --> 00:13:47,460 on condition that they perform the agricultural labor 382 00:13:47,460 --> 00:13:49,460 and receive half of the fruit. 383 00:13:49,460 --> 00:13:51,460 “And the messenger of Allah said: It is the she-camel of Allah, so let her drink!” (91:13) 384 00:13:51,460 --> 00:13:53,460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 385 00:13:53,460 --> 00:14:02,460 so they remained there until 'Umar expelled them to Tayma' and Jericho. 386 00:14:02,460 --> 00:14:06,129 Commentary on the Hadith: 387 00:14:06,129 --> 00:14:10,519 "Expelled the Jews": meaning he moved them out of their dwellings. 388 00:14:10,519 --> 00:14:14,519 "From the land of the Hijaz": meaning Mecca and Medina. 389 00:14:14,519 --> 00:14:19,610 "Conquered Khaybar": meaning he overcame and prevailed over its inhabitants. 390 00:14:19,610 --> 00:14:23,610 "To let them remain there": meaning to permit them to reside and settle. 391 00:14:23,610 --> 00:14:28,610 "That they perform the agricultural labor": meaning they manage its date palms and farms 392 00:14:28,610 --> 00:14:31,610 and undertake their cultivation. 393 00:14:31,610 --> 00:14:35,710 "And receive half of the fruit": meaning as compensation for their labor. 394 00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:40,710 "Tayma'": a town near Wadi al-Qura. 395 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:44,710 "Jericho": a town in the Levant (al-Sham). 396 00:14:44,710 --> 00:14:47,929 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 397 00:14:47,929 --> 00:14:54,700 The hadith serves as evidence for those who permit crop-sharing contracts for an unspecified term. 398 00:14:54,700 --> 00:14:58,730 It establishes the legitimacy of musaqah contracts on all fixed agricultural assets, 399 00:14:58,730 --> 00:15:01,730 including date palms, trees, and others. 400 00:15:01,730 --> 00:15:06,730 And it indicates that 'Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) expulsion of the Jews from the Hijaz 401 00:15:06,730 --> 00:15:11,730 was in fulfillment of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) command before his death. 402 00:15:11,730 --> 00:15:18,750 Chapter: How the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 403 00:15:18,750 --> 00:15:22,750 used to assist and console one another in farming and produce. 404 00:15:22,750 --> 00:15:26,389 On the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij ibn Rafi', 405 00:15:26,389 --> 00:15:30,389 from his paternal uncle Zuhayr ibn Rafi', who said: 406 00:15:30,389 --> 00:15:37,419 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade us from a practice that had been beneficial to us." 407 00:15:37,419 --> 00:15:43,519 I said, "Whatever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said is the truth." 408 00:15:43,519 --> 00:15:48,519 He said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called me 409 00:15:48,519 --> 00:15:52,519 and asked, 'What do you do with your fields?' 410 00:15:52,519 --> 00:15:59,519 I replied, 'We lease them out for a fourth of the produce and for measured amounts of dates and barley.' 411 00:15:59,519 --> 00:16:07,519 He said, 'Do not do that; cultivate them yourselves, or let others cultivate them, or retain them.'" 412 00:16:07,519 --> 00:16:09,639 Rafi' said: 413 00:16:09,639 --> 00:16:13,379 "I said, 'To hear is to obey.'" 414 00:16:13,379 --> 00:16:17,149 Commentary on the Hadith: 415 00:16:17,149 --> 00:16:20,149 "Beneficial" (*rafiqa*) means advantageous and gentle. 416 00:16:20,149 --> 00:16:24,149 "Your fields" (*mahaqilikum*) means your cultivated lands. 417 00:16:24,149 --> 00:16:32,210 "Measured amounts" refers to *al-awsuq*; a *wasq* is sixty *sa'*, which equals 150 kilograms. 418 00:16:32,210 --> 00:16:36,279 "Cultivate them yourselves" means farm them on your own. 419 00:16:36,279 --> 00:16:42,370 "Let others cultivate them" means grant them to others to farm without charging rent. 420 00:16:42,370 --> 00:16:48,559 "To hear is to obey" means your words are heard and your command is obeyed. 421 00:16:48,559 --> 00:16:50,559 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 422 00:16:50,559 --> 00:16:56,399 The hadith demonstrates that the leader should inspect the conditions of his subjects, 423 00:16:56,399 --> 00:17:00,399 and guide them toward what is most beneficial and compassionate for their livelihoods. 424 00:17:00,399 --> 00:17:07,460 The hadith serves as evidence for those who hold the view that leasing land for a share of its produce is disliked (*makruh*). 425 00:17:07,460 --> 00:17:12,460 It indicates that legal rulings in the Sharia are founded upon leniency and the removal of hardship. 426 00:17:12,460 --> 00:17:16,460 It shows the virtue of granting gifts, grants, and uncompensated loans. 427 00:17:16,460 --> 00:17:20,460 It contains guidance toward showing solidarity with and assisting the poor. 428 00:17:20,460 --> 00:17:26,000 On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 429 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:30,000 "Some men among us had surplus land, 430 00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:35,000 and they said, 'We lease it out for a third, a fourth, or a half of the yield.' 431 00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:39,119 So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 432 00:17:39,119 --> 00:17:45,119 'Whoever possesses land should cultivate it himself or grant it to his brother; 433 00:17:45,119 --> 00:17:48,119 and if he refuses, let him retain his land.'" 434 00:17:48,119 --> 00:17:51,640 Commentary on the Hadith: 435 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:58,339 "Surplus" (*fudul*) means extra; "grant it" means provide it as an uncompensated loan (*'ariyah*). 436 00:17:58,339 --> 00:18:01,339 "Refuses" (*aba*) means declines. 437 00:18:01,339 --> 00:18:04,720 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 438 00:18:04,720 --> 00:18:10,559 The hadith indicates the legitimacy of sharecropping (*muzara'ah*) and crop-sharing contracts (*musaqah*). 439 00:18:10,559 --> 00:18:13,619 It contains guidance toward showing solidarity with and aiding the poor. 440 00:18:13,619 --> 00:18:17,619 It guides toward the sound management and productive upkeep of wealth. 441 00:18:17,619 --> 00:18:23,640 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 442 00:18:23,640 --> 00:18:27,670 "I knew during the era of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 443 00:18:27,670 --> 00:18:30,670 that land used to be leased." 444 00:18:30,670 --> 00:18:31,759 In another narration: 445 00:18:31,759 --> 00:18:34,759 Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) 446 00:18:34,759 --> 00:18:39,759 used to lease out his farms during the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 447 00:18:39,759 --> 00:18:42,759 and during the caliphates of Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman, 448 00:18:42,759 --> 00:18:45,759 and the early part of Mu'awiyah's rule; 449 00:18:45,759 --> 00:18:51,019 then 'Abdullah feared that the Prophet (peace be upon him) 450 00:18:51,019 --> 00:18:55,019 might have introduced something new regarding it of which he had been unaware, 451 00:18:55,019 --> 00:18:58,019 so he abandoned leasing land. 452 00:18:58,019 --> 00:19:02,109 Commentary on the Hadith: 453 00:19:02,109 --> 00:19:05,750 "Leased" (*tukra*) means rented out. 454 00:19:05,750 --> 00:19:07,750 "Feared" (*khashiya*) means became apprehensive. 455 00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:10,750 "Might have introduced something new regarding it" 456 00:19:10,750 --> 00:19:15,750 means that he might have decreed a ruling abrogating the permissibility of leasing that he had known. 457 00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:19,099 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 458 00:19:19,099 --> 00:19:21,900 It is derived from the hadith: 459 00:19:21,900 --> 00:19:25,900 The virtue of exercising caution and piety in financial transactions. 460 00:19:25,900 --> 00:19:31,029 The hadith provides an argument for those who maintain the disapproval of leasing land 461 00:19:31,029 --> 00:19:33,029 for a fraction of what it produces. 462 00:19:33,029 --> 00:19:36,029 It also indicates that once an abrogating text (*nasikh*) is established, 463 00:19:36,029 --> 00:19:38,029 it becomes obligatory to adopt it. 464 00:19:38,029 --> 00:19:44,079 Chapter: Leasing Land for Gold and Silver. 465 00:19:44,079 --> 00:19:46,680 On the authority of Hanzalah ibn Qays, 466 00:19:46,680 --> 00:19:48,680 from Rafi' ibn Khadij, 467 00:19:48,680 --> 00:19:50,720 who said: 468 00:19:50,720 --> 00:19:53,720 "My two paternal uncles informed me that people used to lease land 469 00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:57,720 during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 470 00:19:57,720 --> 00:19:59,720 for whatever grew along the irrigation channels, 471 00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:03,839 or for a portion reserved exclusively by the landowner; 472 00:20:03,839 --> 00:20:07,839 so the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade that." 473 00:20:07,839 --> 00:20:09,839 I asked Rafi': 474 00:20:09,839 --> 00:20:12,839 "What about leasing it for dinars and dirhams?" 475 00:20:12,839 --> 00:20:14,839 Rafi' replied: 476 00:20:14,839 --> 00:20:18,839 "There is no harm in leasing it for dinars and dirhams." 477 00:20:18,839 --> 00:20:22,769 Commentary on the Hadith: 478 00:20:22,769 --> 00:20:25,640 "My two paternal uncles": 479 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:27,640 one of them was named Zuhayr, 480 00:20:27,640 --> 00:20:30,640 and the other was said to be named Muzhir. 481 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:32,859 "They leased" 482 00:20:32,859 --> 00:20:33,859 means they rented out. 483 00:20:33,859 --> 00:20:36,859 "The time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)" 484 00:20:36,859 --> 00:20:41,859 refers to his era and lifetime (peace be upon him). 485 00:20:41,859 --> 00:20:42,859 "The irrigation channels" (*al-arba'*) 486 00:20:42,859 --> 00:20:45,990 refers to small streams and streamlets. 487 00:20:45,990 --> 00:20:48,990 "What about leasing it for dinars and dirhams?" 488 00:20:48,990 --> 00:20:52,990 means: What is the ruling on sharecropping paid in dinars and dirhams? 489 00:20:52,990 --> 00:20:56,049 "There is no harm in leasing it for dinars and dirhams" 490 00:20:56,049 --> 00:20:58,049 means it is permissible. 491 00:20:58,049 --> 00:21:01,240 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 492 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,920 It is derived from the hadith: 493 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:09,920 The prohibition of leasing land for a portion of the yield produced by a specifically designated part of it. 494 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,920 It establishes the permissibility of leasing land for monetary currency. 495 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:19,950 It shows the prohibition in financial transactions of any ambiguity (*jahalah*) that leads to dispute. 496 00:21:19,950 --> 00:21:24,089 Chapter. 497 00:21:24,089 --> 00:21:26,509 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah: 498 00:21:26,509 --> 00:21:30,509 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was narrating one day, 499 00:21:30,509 --> 00:21:33,509 while a man from the desert bedouins was present with him, 500 00:21:33,509 --> 00:21:38,509 that a man from the people of Paradise asked his Lord for permission to farm. 501 00:21:38,509 --> 00:21:39,509 So Allah said to him: 502 00:21:39,509 --> 00:21:42,509 "Are you not already in possession of whatever you desire?" 503 00:21:42,509 --> 00:21:43,509 He replied, "Yes indeed, 504 00:21:43,509 --> 00:21:46,509 but I love to cultivate the land." 505 00:21:46,509 --> 00:21:48,509 So he hastened and sowed seeds, 506 00:21:48,509 --> 00:21:56,509 and in the twinkling of an eye, the plants sprouted, matured, were harvested, and heaped up like mountains. 507 00:21:56,509 --> 00:21:58,509 Thereupon Allah Almighty says: 508 00:21:58,509 --> 00:22:00,509 "Here it is, O son of Adam! 509 00:22:00,509 --> 00:22:03,509 For nothing ever satisfies you." 510 00:22:03,509 --> 00:22:05,640 The bedouin said: 511 00:22:05,640 --> 00:22:07,640 "O Messenger of Allah, 512 00:22:07,640 --> 00:22:11,640 you will not find this man to be anyone other than a Qurayshite or an Ansari, 513 00:22:11,640 --> 00:22:14,640 for they are people of agriculture, 514 00:22:14,640 --> 00:22:17,640 whereas we are not people of agriculture." 515 00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:23,369 At this, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) laughed. 516 00:22:23,369 --> 00:22:26,880 Commentary on the Hadith: 517 00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:28,880 "He asked his Lord for permission to farm" 518 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:31,880 means he petitioned Allah Almighty to let him cultivate. 519 00:22:31,880 --> 00:22:34,009 "Are you not already in possession of whatever you desire?" 520 00:22:34,009 --> 00:22:38,009 means: Are you not already amidst all the cravings you could wish for? 521 00:22:38,009 --> 00:22:40,009 The intended meaning is: 522 00:22:40,009 --> 00:22:44,009 Are you not in a place where you have everything your soul desires? 523 00:22:44,009 --> 00:22:46,039 "In the twinkling of an eye" (*tabadara al-tarf*): 524 00:22:46,039 --> 00:22:48,039 *al-tarf* refers to the motion of the eye. 525 00:22:48,039 --> 00:22:50,039 The intended meaning is: 526 00:22:50,039 --> 00:22:55,039 Between the sowing of the seed and the full ripening and completion of the crop's entire cycle— 527 00:22:55,039 --> 00:22:58,039 including uprooting, reaping, winnowing, and gathering— 528 00:22:58,039 --> 00:23:01,039 there was nothing more than the span of a single glance. 529 00:23:01,039 --> 00:23:04,269 "And heaped up" (*takwiruhu*) means gathered into mounds. 530 00:23:04,269 --> 00:23:07,559 "Here it is" (*dunak*) means take it. 531 00:23:07,559 --> 00:23:11,519 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 532 00:23:11,519 --> 00:23:13,519 It is derived from the hadith: 533 00:23:13,519 --> 00:23:19,519 In Paradise there exists whatever souls desire of worldly activities and pleasures. 534 00:23:19,519 --> 00:23:23,640 It affirms the speech of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious. 535 00:23:23,640 --> 00:23:28,640 When someone consistently adheres to a certain path or state, whether good or bad, 536 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:30,640 it is permissible to characterize him by it, 537 00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:33,680 and there is no blame upon the one describing him. 538 00:23:33,680 --> 00:23:39,680 Souls are naturally disposed toward accumulating and desiring worldly enjoyment, 539 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:45,900 yet Allah Almighty has freed the people of Paradise from the fatigue and hardship of worldly toil. 540 00:23:45,900 --> 00:23:51,029 The hadith alludes to the virtue of contentment and the blameworthiness of greed. 541 00:23:51,029 --> 00:24:00,839 It illustrates how Allah's kindness toward His servants allows them to feel at ease within His generous bounty. 542 00:24:00,839 --> 00:24:03,160 The Book of Crop-Sharing Contracts (*al-Musaqah*). 543 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:09,160 *Al-Musaqah* is a contract stipulating the delivery of trees to someone who tends them 544 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:12,160 in exchange for a specified share of their fruit. 545 00:24:12,160 --> 00:24:15,670 Chapter: On Drinking Rights, 546 00:24:15,670 --> 00:24:24,150 and whoever regards the charity, gift, and bequest of water as permissible, whether divided or undivided. 547 00:24:24,150 --> 00:24:28,150 On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 548 00:24:28,150 --> 00:24:33,150 A drinking vessel was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he drank from it; 549 00:24:33,150 --> 00:24:39,150 on his right was a boy, the youngest of the group, while the elders sat to his left. 550 00:24:39,150 --> 00:24:45,150 He asked, "O young boy, do you permit me to give the elders first?" 551 00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:51,309 The boy replied, "I would not give up my share from you to anyone, O Messenger of Allah!" 552 00:24:51,309 --> 00:24:54,309 In another narration: "my remaining share." 553 00:24:54,309 --> 00:24:56,470 So he gave it to him. 554 00:24:56,470 --> 00:24:59,470 In another narration: "He placed it into his hand." 555 00:24:59,470 --> 00:25:03,200 Commentary on the Hadith: 556 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:09,910 "A drinking vessel" (*qadah*): a *qadah* is a container that quenches the thirst of two or three men. 557 00:25:09,910 --> 00:25:15,039 "A boy" was al-Fadl ibn 'Abbas, and it is also said to have been his brother. 558 00:25:15,039 --> 00:25:19,099 "The youngest of the group" means the youngest among them in age. 559 00:25:19,099 --> 00:25:23,099 "The elders" refers to the older, senior men. 560 00:25:23,099 --> 00:25:25,099 "Give up" (*u'thira*): 561 00:25:25,099 --> 00:25:29,099 *ithar* is the act of preferring others over oneself. 562 00:25:29,099 --> 00:25:32,359 "My share" refers to his allotted portion. 563 00:25:32,359 --> 00:25:36,190 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 564 00:25:36,190 --> 00:25:38,190 It is derived from the hadith: 565 00:25:38,190 --> 00:25:43,250 The virtue of the right side over the left in serving drinks, handing items, and the like. 566 00:25:43,250 --> 00:25:51,240 Whoever is entitled to a thing may not have it taken from him except with his consent. 567 00:25:51,240 --> 00:25:54,240 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 568 00:25:54,240 --> 00:26:00,240 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to us in this house of ours and asked for a drink; 569 00:26:00,240 --> 00:26:03,240 so we milked a sheep of ours for him, 570 00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:07,240 and then I mixed it with water from this well of ours and handed it to him. 571 00:26:07,240 --> 00:26:09,240 Abu Bakr was on his left, 572 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:11,240 'Umar was facing him, 573 00:26:11,240 --> 00:26:14,240 and a bedouin was on his right. 574 00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:19,240 When he finished, 'Umar said, 'Here is Abu Bakr!' 575 00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:22,240 But he gave his leftover drink to the bedouin, 576 00:26:22,240 --> 00:26:28,269 and then said, 'Those on the right, those on the right! Pass it to the right!' 577 00:26:28,269 --> 00:26:35,650 Anas said, 'It is the Sunnah; it is the Sunnah,' repeating it three times." 578 00:26:35,650 --> 00:26:37,650 Commentary on the Hadith: 579 00:26:37,650 --> 00:26:42,069 "He asked for a drink" means he requested something to drink. 580 00:26:42,069 --> 00:26:45,069 "I mixed it" (*shabtuhu*) means I blended it. 581 00:26:45,069 --> 00:26:49,099 "Facing him" means directly across from and in front of him. 582 00:26:49,099 --> 00:26:51,099 "Here is Abu Bakr": 583 00:26:51,099 --> 00:26:56,099 he made that remark because he was concerned that he might give it to the bedouin, 584 00:26:56,099 --> 00:27:01,289 so he said, "Give it to Abu Bakr, O Messenger of Allah, who is beside you." 585 00:27:01,289 --> 00:27:05,289 "His leftover drink" means what remained in the vessel after drinking. 586 00:27:05,289 --> 00:27:08,710 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 587 00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:15,670 The hadith demonstrates the legitimacy of prioritizing the one on the right of the drinker when passing a drink. 588 00:27:15,670 --> 00:27:21,670 Those sitting together share in a gift by way of etiquette, not out of strict obligation. 589 00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:31,839 Chapter: Whoever Held that the Owner of Water Has the Utmost Right to It Until He Quenches His Thirst. 590 00:27:31,839 --> 00:27:38,839 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 591 00:27:38,839 --> 00:27:44,680 "Do not withhold surplus water in order to withhold surplus pasture thereby." 592 00:27:44,680 --> 00:27:48,190 Commentary on the Hadith: 593 00:27:48,190 --> 00:27:52,190 "Surplus water" means that which exceeds one's actual need. 594 00:27:52,190 --> 00:27:55,670 "Pasture" (*al-kala'*) means grazing grass and vegetation. 595 00:27:55,670 --> 00:27:59,599 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 596 00:27:59,599 --> 00:28:05,599 The hadith demonstrates that people are partners in unowned, freely available water and pasture. 597 00:28:05,599 --> 00:28:12,420 It contains an encouragement toward noble manners and showing solidarity with people. 598 00:28:12,420 --> 00:28:16,839 Chapter: Disputes over wells and judicial rulings concerning them. 599 00:28:16,839 --> 00:28:20,839 On the authority of Shaqiq, from 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, 600 00:28:20,839 --> 00:28:24,869 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 601 00:28:24,869 --> 00:28:28,869 "Whoever takes an oath—and in another narration: 602 00:28:28,869 --> 00:28:30,869 an obligatory oath— 603 00:28:30,869 --> 00:28:33,869 to wrongfully appropriate the property of a Muslim, 604 00:28:33,869 --> 00:28:35,869 lying while doing so, 605 00:28:35,869 --> 00:28:38,869 will meet Allah—and in another narration: 606 00:28:38,869 --> 00:28:40,869 on the Day of Resurrection— 607 00:28:40,869 --> 00:28:42,869 while He is angry with him." 608 00:28:42,869 --> 00:28:45,869 Thereupon, Allah Almighty revealed: 609 00:28:45,869 --> 00:28:51,869 “Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (3:77) 610 00:28:51,869 --> 00:28:54,000 the verse. 611 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,000 Then Al-Ash'ath arrived and said: 612 00:28:56,000 --> 00:29:01,000 "Whatever Abu 'Abd al-Rahman has narrated to you, this verse was revealed concerning me: 613 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:05,029 I had a well on the land of a cousin of mine," 614 00:29:05,029 --> 00:29:07,089 and in another narration: 615 00:29:07,089 --> 00:29:12,119 "There was a dispute between me and a Jewish man over land, and he denied my claim, 616 00:29:12,119 --> 00:29:15,119 so the Prophet said to me: 'Produce your witnesses,'" 617 00:29:15,119 --> 00:29:16,119 and in another narration: 618 00:29:16,119 --> 00:29:18,119 "'Do you have any proof?' 619 00:29:18,119 --> 00:29:21,160 I said: 'I have no witnesses.' 620 00:29:21,160 --> 00:29:23,160 He said: 'Then his oath shall decide it.' 621 00:29:23,160 --> 00:29:25,160 I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, 622 00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:27,160 in that case, he will simply swear a false oath!' 623 00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:32,160 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned this hadith, 624 00:29:32,160 --> 00:29:35,160 and Allah revealed that verse in confirmation of it." 625 00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:38,829 Commentary on the hadith: 626 00:29:38,829 --> 00:29:41,339 "To wrongfully appropriate": 627 00:29:41,339 --> 00:29:45,339 meaning to take a portion of wealth through that oath. 628 00:29:45,339 --> 00:29:46,339 "Lying" (fajir): 629 00:29:46,339 --> 00:29:48,339 that is, untruthful. 630 00:29:48,339 --> 00:29:49,339 "Will meet Allah": 631 00:29:49,339 --> 00:29:51,339 that is, on the Day of Resurrection. 632 00:29:52,339 --> 00:29:58,339 “Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (3:77) 633 00:29:58,339 --> 00:30:02,339 This includes anyone who takes something of worldly gain 634 00:30:02,339 --> 00:30:06,339 in exchange for abandoning Allah's right or the rights of His servants. 635 00:30:06,339 --> 00:30:11,339 Likewise, whoever swears an oath to wrongfully seize the protected property of another 636 00:30:11,339 --> 00:30:14,339 falls under the warning of this verse. 637 00:30:14,339 --> 00:30:16,559 "Abu 'Abd al-Rahman": 638 00:30:16,559 --> 00:30:20,559 this is the kunya of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him. 639 00:30:20,559 --> 00:30:22,559 "A cousin of mine": 640 00:30:22,559 --> 00:30:24,559 he was the cousin of Al-Ash'ath Ibn Qays, 641 00:30:24,559 --> 00:30:28,559 named Ma'dan Ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi. 642 00:30:28,559 --> 00:30:29,630 "Produce your witnesses": 643 00:30:29,630 --> 00:30:31,630 that is, bring your witnesses. 644 00:30:31,630 --> 00:30:33,630 "An obligatory oath" (yamin sabr): 645 00:30:33,630 --> 00:30:36,630 that is, an oath to which a person is compelled and bound, 646 00:30:36,630 --> 00:30:37,630 and what is meant here 647 00:30:37,630 --> 00:30:39,630 is a false oath. 648 00:30:39,630 --> 00:30:42,950 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 649 00:30:42,950 --> 00:30:45,650 it is deduced from this hadith 650 00:30:45,650 --> 00:30:47,650 that the burden of proof rests upon the claimant, 651 00:30:48,650 --> 00:30:52,779 while the oath is incumbent upon the defendant if he denies the claim. 652 00:30:52,779 --> 00:30:56,779 It also indicates that whoever swears falsely by Allah, the Glorified, 653 00:30:56,779 --> 00:30:59,779 in order to unlawfully take some worldly possession, 654 00:30:59,779 --> 00:31:02,779 deserves the wrath of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.