WEBVTT 00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:03.480 In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful. 00:00:03.480 --> 00:00:06.440 The Ifadah Center 00:00:06.440 --> 00:00:09.640 for Humanities Research and Studies 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:10.939 presents: 00:00:10.939 --> 00:00:16.239 The Abridgment of Sahih al-Bukhari. 00:00:16.239 --> 00:00:20.899 Chapter: Employing Cattle for Tillage. 00:00:20.899 --> 00:00:25.070 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:00:25.070 --> 00:00:30.070 The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) led the morning prayer, 00:00:30.070 --> 00:00:32.070 then turned toward the people 00:00:32.570 --> 00:00:33.570 and said: 00:00:33.570 --> 00:00:36.570 "While a man was driving a cow, 00:00:36.570 --> 00:00:39.070 he rode upon it and beat it, 00:00:39.070 --> 00:00:40.570 whereupon it said: 00:00:40.570 --> 00:00:43.070 'We were not created for this; 00:00:43.070 --> 00:00:45.570 we were only created for tillage.' " 00:00:45.570 --> 00:00:47.570 The people said, 00:00:47.570 --> 00:00:49.070 "Glory be to Allah! 00:00:49.070 --> 00:00:51.070 A cow speaks?!" 00:00:51.070 --> 00:00:52.570 So he said: 00:00:52.570 --> 00:00:54.570 "Indeed, I believe in this, 00:00:54.570 --> 00:00:57.070 as do Abu Bakr and Umar" — 00:00:57.070 --> 00:00:59.070 though neither of them was present. 00:00:59.070 --> 00:01:01.820 "And while a man was tending his sheep, 00:01:01.820 --> 00:01:05.319 a wolf attacked and carried off one of them. 00:01:05.319 --> 00:01:09.319 So he pursued it until he managed to rescue it from the wolf, 00:01:09.319 --> 00:01:11.319 whereupon the wolf said to him: 00:01:11.319 --> 00:01:14.819 'You have rescued it from me now, 00:01:14.819 --> 00:01:17.319 but who will protect it on the Day of the Predator, 00:01:17.319 --> 00:01:20.319 the day when it will have no shepherd other than me?' " 00:01:20.319 --> 00:01:21.890 The people said, 00:01:21.890 --> 00:01:23.390 "Glory be to Allah! 00:01:23.390 --> 00:01:25.390 A wolf speaks?!" 00:01:25.390 --> 00:01:26.890 He said: 00:01:26.890 --> 00:01:28.890 "Indeed, I believe in this, 00:01:28.890 --> 00:01:30.890 as do Abu Bakr and Umar" — 00:01:30.890 --> 00:01:32.890 though neither of them was present. 00:01:32.890 --> 00:01:36.590 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:01:36.590 --> 00:01:39.299 "Turned toward the people": 00:01:39.299 --> 00:01:40.799 meaning, he faced them. 00:01:40.799 --> 00:01:42.299 "Driving": 00:01:42.299 --> 00:01:44.299 meaning, herding it in front of him. 00:01:44.299 --> 00:01:46.359 "We were not created for this": 00:01:46.359 --> 00:01:48.859 meaning, we were not created to be ridden. 00:01:48.859 --> 00:01:50.859 "We were created for tillage": 00:01:50.859 --> 00:01:53.359 meaning, created for agricultural labor. 00:01:53.359 --> 00:01:55.359 This is not meant as an absolute limitation, 00:01:55.359 --> 00:01:59.359 but rather an indication of the primary purpose for which they were created; 00:01:59.359 --> 00:02:01.859 for cattle are also slaughtered and eaten, 00:02:01.859 --> 00:02:03.859 and their milk is drunk. 00:02:03.859 --> 00:02:05.920 "Though neither of them was present": 00:02:05.920 --> 00:02:07.920 meaning, they were not among the attendees. 00:02:07.920 --> 00:02:09.990 "Attacked": 00:02:09.990 --> 00:02:11.990 meaning, it assaulted the flock. 00:02:11.990 --> 00:02:13.990 "Carried off one of them": 00:02:13.990 --> 00:02:15.990 meaning, seized a sheep aggressively. 00:02:15.990 --> 00:02:17.990 "Pursued it": 00:02:17.990 --> 00:02:19.990 meaning, ran after it. 00:02:19.990 --> 00:02:21.990 "Rescued it from it": 00:02:21.990 --> 00:02:23.990 meaning, snatched it back and recovered it. 00:02:23.990 --> 00:02:25.990 "Who will protect it": 00:02:25.990 --> 00:02:27.990 meaning, who will guard it and shepherd it? 00:02:27.990 --> 00:02:30.120 "The Day of the Predator": 00:02:30.120 --> 00:02:32.120 refers to the Day of Resurrection, 00:02:32.120 --> 00:02:34.120 and it is also said 00:02:34.120 --> 00:02:36.120 that the predator refers to the place 00:02:36.120 --> 00:02:38.120 where the Gathering will occur on the Day of Resurrection. 00:02:38.120 --> 00:02:40.599 Points of Benefit 00:02:40.599 --> 00:02:43.270 from the Hadith: 00:02:43.270 --> 00:02:45.270 The hadith contains signs of prophethood; 00:02:45.270 --> 00:02:47.270 it highlights 00:02:47.270 --> 00:02:49.270 the virtue of the two Shaykhs, Abu Bakr and Umar 00:02:49.270 --> 00:02:51.270 (may Allah be pleased with them), 00:02:51.270 --> 00:02:53.270 and shows the Messenger of Allah's 00:02:53.270 --> 00:02:55.270 (peace be upon him) trust in their faith, 00:02:55.270 --> 00:02:57.270 a faith untouched 00:02:57.270 --> 00:02:59.360 by any doubt. 00:02:59.360 --> 00:03:01.360 It also indicates that beasts of burden should only be employed 00:03:01.360 --> 00:03:03.360 according to customary practice 00:03:03.360 --> 00:03:05.430 regarding their use. 00:03:05.430 --> 00:03:07.430 Furthermore, it demonstrates the permissibility of delivering an admonition 00:03:07.430 --> 00:03:09.430 after the morning prayer. 00:03:09.430 --> 00:03:13.319 Chapter: When One Says: 00:03:13.319 --> 00:03:15.319 "Relieve me of the maintenance of the date palms and the like, 00:03:15.319 --> 00:03:17.319 and you shall share in the fruit." 00:03:17.319 --> 00:03:19.800 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah 00:03:19.800 --> 00:03:21.800 (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:03:21.800 --> 00:03:23.800 The Ansar said 00:03:23.800 --> 00:03:25.800 to the Prophet (peace be upon him): 00:03:25.800 --> 00:03:27.800 "Divide between us 00:03:27.800 --> 00:03:29.800 and our brethren the date palms." 00:03:29.800 --> 00:03:31.800 He said, "No." 00:03:31.800 --> 00:03:33.800 So they said, 00:03:33.800 --> 00:03:35.800 "Relieve us of the labor, 00:03:35.800 --> 00:03:37.800 and we will share the fruit with you." 00:03:37.800 --> 00:03:39.800 They replied, "We hear 00:03:39.800 --> 00:03:42.370 and we obey." 00:03:42.370 --> 00:03:44.370 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:03:44.370 --> 00:03:46.849 "The maintenance": 00:03:46.849 --> 00:03:48.849 what is meant here 00:03:48.849 --> 00:03:50.849 is watering, pruning, harvesting, 00:03:50.849 --> 00:03:52.849 and whatever else maintains the date palms. 00:03:52.849 --> 00:03:54.849 "And we will share with you": 00:03:54.849 --> 00:03:57.110 meaning, we will give you a share of the harvest. 00:03:57.110 --> 00:03:59.110 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 00:03:59.110 --> 00:04:01.969 Derived from the hadith is 00:04:01.969 --> 00:04:03.969 the legitimacy of sharecropping over trees (musaqah); 00:04:03.969 --> 00:04:05.969 it also demonstrates 00:04:05.969 --> 00:04:07.969 the virtue of brotherhood for the sake of Allah, 00:04:07.969 --> 00:04:09.969 the recommendation 00:04:09.969 --> 00:04:11.969 to console and support the impoverished, 00:04:11.969 --> 00:04:13.969 and the merit of earning a livelihood with one's own hands. 00:04:13.969 --> 00:04:17.860 Chapter: Cutting Down Trees 00:04:17.860 --> 00:04:20.149 and Date Palms. 00:04:20.149 --> 00:04:22.149 On the authority of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:04:22.149 --> 00:04:24.149 who said: 00:04:24.149 --> 00:04:26.149 The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) burned 00:04:26.149 --> 00:04:28.149 the date palms of Banu al-Nadir 00:04:28.149 --> 00:04:30.149 and cut them down. 00:04:31.149 --> 00:04:33.279 In one narration: 00:04:33.279 --> 00:04:35.279 Concerning this, Hassan ibn Thabit said: 00:04:35.279 --> 00:04:37.279 "It was easy for the nobles 00:04:37.279 --> 00:04:38.279 of Banu Lu'ayy 00:04:38.279 --> 00:04:40.279 to witness the raging fire at al-Buwayrah, 00:04:40.279 --> 00:04:42.339 spreading far and wide." 00:04:42.339 --> 00:04:44.339 Thereupon, Abu Sufyan 00:04:44.339 --> 00:04:46.339 ibn al-Harith responded to him: 00:04:46.339 --> 00:04:48.339 "May Allah make that deed endure, 00:04:48.339 --> 00:04:50.339 and may a raging blaze ignite 00:04:50.339 --> 00:04:52.339 across its borders! 00:04:52.339 --> 00:04:54.339 You shall soon know which of us 00:04:54.339 --> 00:04:56.339 is far removed from it, 00:04:56.339 --> 00:04:58.660 and you shall learn which of our lands will suffer harm." 00:04:58.660 --> 00:05:00.660 So there was revealed: 00:05:00.660 --> 00:05:02.660 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 00:05:02.660 --> 00:05:04.660 "Whatever date palms you cut down or left 00:05:04.660 --> 00:05:06.660 standing on their trunks, 00:05:06.660 --> 00:05:09.459 it was by the permission of Allah." 00:05:09.459 --> 00:05:11.459 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:05:11.459 --> 00:05:13.939 "Al-Buwayrah": 00:05:13.939 --> 00:05:15.939 a locality in the territory of Banu al-Nadir. 00:05:15.939 --> 00:05:18.100 "Whatever you cut down 00:05:18.100 --> 00:05:20.100 “Whatsoever palm-trees ye cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by Allah's leave, in order that He might confound the evil-livers.” (59:5) 00:05:20.100 --> 00:05:22.100 or left standing on their trunks, 00:05:22.100 --> 00:05:24.100 it was by the permission of Allah": 00:05:24.100 --> 00:05:26.129 when Banu al-Nadir blamed 00:05:26.129 --> 00:05:28.129 the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) 00:05:28.129 --> 00:05:30.129 and the Muslims 00:05:30.129 --> 00:05:32.129 for cutting down the date palms and trees, 00:05:32.129 --> 00:05:34.129 claiming that this was 00:05:34.129 --> 00:05:36.129 corruption on earth, 00:05:36.129 --> 00:05:38.129 and used that to cast slander 00:05:38.129 --> 00:05:40.129 upon the Muslims, 00:05:40.129 --> 00:05:42.129 Allah Almighty declared that cutting down the date palms, 00:05:42.129 --> 00:05:44.129 whether they felled them or spared 00:05:44.129 --> 00:05:46.129 them, 00:05:46.129 --> 00:05:48.129 was by His leave 00:05:48.129 --> 00:05:50.129 and His command, so that it might serve as 00:05:50.129 --> 00:05:52.129 an exemplary punishment, disgrace, 00:05:52.129 --> 00:05:54.160 and humiliation for them in this worldly life. 00:05:54.160 --> 00:05:56.160 "Al-linah" is a name 00:05:56.160 --> 00:05:58.160 for all types of date palms according to the soundest 00:05:58.160 --> 00:06:00.160 and most preponderant view. 00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:02.360 Points of Benefit 00:06:02.360 --> 00:06:05.350 from the Hadith: 00:06:05.350 --> 00:06:07.350 Derived from the hadith is 00:06:07.350 --> 00:06:09.350 the permissibility of cutting down date palms and burning 00:06:09.350 --> 00:06:11.350 the enemy's property to weaken them 00:06:11.350 --> 00:06:13.410 and inflict damage upon them. 00:06:13.410 --> 00:06:15.410 The hadith also implies a prohibition 00:06:15.410 --> 00:06:17.410 against squandering wealth without cause. 00:06:17.410 --> 00:06:21.079 Chapter. 00:06:21.079 --> 00:06:23.079 On the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij, who said: 00:06:23.079 --> 00:06:25.079 We were the people of Medina who engaged most 00:06:25.079 --> 00:06:27.079 in agriculture. 00:06:27.079 --> 00:06:29.079 We used to rent out land on the condition that the produce of a specific plot 00:06:29.079 --> 00:06:31.079 was designated exclusively for the landowner. 00:06:31.079 --> 00:06:33.170 He said: 00:06:33.170 --> 00:06:35.170 So that designated plot might yield while 00:06:35.170 --> 00:06:37.170 the rest of the land failed, 00:06:37.170 --> 00:06:39.170 or the rest of the land might yield while that plot failed; 00:06:39.170 --> 00:06:41.170 therefore, we were forbidden from doing so. 00:06:41.170 --> 00:06:43.170 In one narration: 00:06:43.170 --> 00:06:45.170 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade them from doing that. 00:06:47.170 --> 00:06:49.269 As for gold and silver, 00:06:49.269 --> 00:06:51.269 they were not used for leasing back then. 00:06:51.269 --> 00:06:53.300 In another narration: 00:06:53.300 --> 00:06:55.300 "And we were not forbidden from renting for silver." 00:06:55.300 --> 00:06:57.839 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:06:57.839 --> 00:07:00.420 "Mazdara'": 00:07:00.420 --> 00:07:02.420 meaning, cultivated land. 00:07:02.420 --> 00:07:04.480 "We rent out": 00:07:04.480 --> 00:07:06.480 meaning, we lease. 00:07:06.480 --> 00:07:08.480 "A specific plot": meaning, a designated section. 00:07:08.480 --> 00:07:10.480 "The landowner": 00:07:10.480 --> 00:07:12.480 meaning, its proprietor. 00:07:12.480 --> 00:07:14.480 "Might be afflicted": 00:07:14.480 --> 00:07:16.480 meaning, suffer a blight and be ruined. 00:07:16.480 --> 00:07:18.480 "Al-wariq": 00:07:18.480 --> 00:07:20.769 meaning, silver coins. 00:07:20.769 --> 00:07:23.670 Points of Benefit from the Hadith: 00:07:23.670 --> 00:07:25.670 Derived from the hadith is 00:07:25.670 --> 00:07:27.670 the prohibition of leasing land 00:07:27.670 --> 00:07:29.670 in exchange for what it produces 00:07:29.670 --> 00:07:31.699 from a specific designated portion. 00:07:31.699 --> 00:07:33.699 It also indicates the permissibility of leasing land 00:07:33.699 --> 00:07:35.699 for currency. 00:07:35.699 --> 00:07:37.699 Furthermore, it contains a prohibition in financial transactions 00:07:37.699 --> 00:07:39.699 against any uncertainty (gharar) 00:07:39.699 --> 00:07:43.490 that leads to dispute. 00:07:43.490 --> 00:07:45.490 Chapter: Sharecropping for Half the Produce 00:07:45.490 --> 00:07:47.970 and the like. 00:07:47.970 --> 00:07:49.970 On the authority of 'Abdullah Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:07:49.970 --> 00:07:51.970 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:07:51.970 --> 00:07:53.970 entered into a contract with the people of 00:07:53.970 --> 00:07:55.970 Khaybar for half of what it yields 00:07:55.970 --> 00:07:58.069 of fruit or crops. 00:07:58.069 --> 00:08:00.069 And he used to give his wives 00:08:00.069 --> 00:08:02.069 one hundred wasqs: 00:08:02.069 --> 00:08:04.069 eighty wasqs of dates 00:08:04.069 --> 00:08:06.100 and twenty wasqs of barley. 00:08:06.100 --> 00:08:08.100 Later, 'Umar divided Khaybar, 00:08:08.100 --> 00:08:10.100 and gave the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:08:10.100 --> 00:08:12.100 the choice 00:08:12.100 --> 00:08:14.100 between granting them land and water as property, 00:08:14.100 --> 00:08:16.100 or continuing their previous share. 00:08:16.100 --> 00:08:18.100 Some of them chose 00:08:18.100 --> 00:08:20.100 the land, 00:08:20.100 --> 00:08:22.100 and some chose the wasqs, 00:08:22.100 --> 00:08:24.100 and 'A'ishah was among those who chose the land. 00:08:24.100 --> 00:08:26.839 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:08:26.839 --> 00:08:29.220 "For a share" (bi-shatr): 00:08:29.220 --> 00:08:31.220 meaning, for half. 00:08:31.220 --> 00:08:33.220 "One hundred wasqs": 00:08:33.220 --> 00:08:35.220 a wasq equals sixty sa's, 00:08:35.220 --> 00:08:37.220 and it is equivalent to one hundred and fifty 00:08:37.220 --> 00:08:39.220 kilograms; 00:08:39.220 --> 00:08:41.220 thus, one hundred wasqs equals 00:08:41.220 --> 00:08:43.220 fifteen thousand kilograms, 00:08:43.220 --> 00:08:45.220 approximately. 00:08:45.220 --> 00:08:47.220 "Granting them land" (an yaqta'a lahunna): 00:08:47.220 --> 00:08:49.220 as in, the ruler granted so-and-so a certain land, 00:08:49.220 --> 00:08:51.220 meaning he gave it to him 00:08:51.220 --> 00:08:53.279 and made it his private estate (qati'ah). 00:08:53.279 --> 00:08:55.279 "Or continuing their previous share" (aw yumdiya lahunna): 00:08:55.279 --> 00:08:57.279 meaning, maintaining for them their previous 00:08:57.279 --> 00:08:59.570 apportionment. 00:08:59.570 --> 00:09:01.570 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:09:01.570 --> 00:09:04.279 This hadith is the primary evidence 00:09:04.279 --> 00:09:06.279 for those who permit sharecropping (muzara'ah). 00:09:06.279 --> 00:09:08.309 It also establishes the legitimacy of crop-sharing contracts for trees (musaqah). 00:09:08.309 --> 00:09:10.309 It shows that whatever 00:09:10.309 --> 00:09:12.309 the Prophet (peace be upon him) left behind 00:09:12.309 --> 00:09:14.309 is not inherited, 00:09:14.309 --> 00:09:16.309 and whatever he left beyond 00:09:16.309 --> 00:09:18.309 the maintenance of his wives is deemed 00:09:18.309 --> 00:09:20.309 charity. 00:09:20.309 --> 00:09:22.309 The hadith also points to the permissibility 00:09:22.309 --> 00:09:26.360 of storing provisions. 00:09:26.360 --> 00:09:28.549 Chapter: On the authority of Ibn 'Abbas 00:09:28.549 --> 00:09:30.549 (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), 00:09:30.549 --> 00:09:32.549 that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)— 00:09:32.549 --> 00:09:34.580 and in one narration: 00:09:34.580 --> 00:09:36.580 "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:09:36.580 --> 00:09:38.580 did not forbid it, 00:09:38.580 --> 00:09:40.840 but rather 00:09:40.840 --> 00:09:42.840 he went out to a piece of land 00:09:42.840 --> 00:09:44.840 flourishing with vegetation, 00:09:44.840 --> 00:09:46.840 and asked, 'Whose is this?' 00:09:46.840 --> 00:09:48.840 They replied, 'It was rented by 00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:50.840 so-and-so.' 00:09:50.840 --> 00:09:52.840 Thereupon he said, 00:09:52.840 --> 00:09:54.840 'Had he granted it to him as a gift, 00:09:54.840 --> 00:09:56.840 it would have been better for him than 00:09:56.840 --> 00:09:58.840 taking a fixed fee for it.'" 00:09:58.840 --> 00:10:00.960 In another narration: 00:10:00.960 --> 00:10:03.440 "he went out." 00:10:03.440 --> 00:10:05.440 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:10:05.440 --> 00:10:08.019 "Flourishing with vegetation" (tahtazzu zar'an): 00:10:08.019 --> 00:10:10.019 meaning, swaying gracefully 00:10:10.019 --> 00:10:12.019 due to the lush crops upon it. 00:10:12.019 --> 00:10:14.019 "Rented it" (iktaraaha): 00:10:14.019 --> 00:10:16.019 meaning, leased it. 00:10:16.019 --> 00:10:18.019 "Granted it" (manahaha): 00:10:18.019 --> 00:10:20.370 meaning, lent it free of charge. 00:10:20.370 --> 00:10:22.370 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:10:22.370 --> 00:10:24.980 Derived from the hadith is 00:10:24.980 --> 00:10:26.980 the merit of consoling and assisting one's brethren 00:10:26.980 --> 00:10:28.980 with wealth. 00:10:28.980 --> 00:10:30.980 It also directs toward the most virtuous 00:10:30.980 --> 00:10:32.980 of deeds. 00:10:32.980 --> 00:10:34.980 Furthermore, it highlights the merit of dealing generously with Allah Almighty. 00:10:34.980 --> 00:10:39.029 Chapter: 00:10:39.029 --> 00:10:41.029 The Endowments of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:10:41.029 --> 00:10:43.029 and the Land 00:10:43.029 --> 00:10:45.029 Subject to Kharaj, and Their Sharecropping 00:10:45.029 --> 00:10:47.799 and Business Transactions. 00:10:47.799 --> 00:10:49.799 On the authority of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), 00:10:49.799 --> 00:10:51.799 he said: 00:10:51.799 --> 00:10:53.799 "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, 00:10:53.799 --> 00:10:55.799 were it not that I would leave the future generations of Muslims 00:10:55.799 --> 00:10:57.799 destitute, having 00:10:57.799 --> 00:10:59.799 nothing, 00:10:59.799 --> 00:11:01.799 no city would be conquered for me 00:11:01.799 --> 00:11:03.799 except that I would distribute it just as 00:11:03.799 --> 00:11:05.799 the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) distributed 00:11:05.799 --> 00:11:07.799 Khaybar. 00:11:07.799 --> 00:11:09.799 But I leave it as a treasury reserve 00:11:09.799 --> 00:11:12.529 for them to share its revenues." 00:11:12.529 --> 00:11:14.529 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:11:14.529 --> 00:11:17.110 "Babban" (destitute): 00:11:17.110 --> 00:11:19.110 it is said to mean in a single, impoverished state, 00:11:19.110 --> 00:11:21.110 and it is said 00:11:21.110 --> 00:11:23.110 to refer to the destitute person who possesses nothing, 00:11:23.110 --> 00:11:25.110 among other explanations. 00:11:25.110 --> 00:11:27.169 "I leave it" (atrukuha): 00:11:27.169 --> 00:11:29.169 meaning, I retain it. 00:11:29.169 --> 00:11:31.169 "As a treasury reserve" (khizanatan): 00:11:31.169 --> 00:11:33.169 meaning, like a storehouse that preserves sustenance and wealth. 00:11:33.169 --> 00:11:35.169 "They share it" (yaqtasimunaha): 00:11:35.169 --> 00:11:37.169 what is meant 00:11:37.169 --> 00:11:39.169 is that they share its land-tax (kharaj). 00:11:39.169 --> 00:11:41.429 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:11:41.429 --> 00:11:44.230 The report contains 00:11:44.230 --> 00:11:46.230 an indication of the Sunnah of the Rightly-Guided 00:11:46.230 --> 00:11:48.230 Caliphs (may Allah be pleased with them). 00:11:48.230 --> 00:11:50.230 It also proves the validity 00:11:50.230 --> 00:11:52.230 of legal reasoning (ijtihad). 00:11:52.230 --> 00:11:54.230 It indicates that the ruler's decisions 00:11:54.230 --> 00:11:56.230 are tied to the welfare of the subjects. 00:11:56.230 --> 00:11:58.230 It also establishes the legitimacy 00:11:58.230 --> 00:12:00.230 of saving reserves, and guides 00:12:00.230 --> 00:12:02.230 toward sound management of public livelihood. 00:12:02.230 --> 00:12:06.309 Chapter: Whoever Revives 00:12:06.309 --> 00:12:08.690 Barren Land. 00:12:08.690 --> 00:12:10.690 On the authority of 'Urwah, 00:12:10.690 --> 00:12:12.690 from 'A'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her), 00:12:12.690 --> 00:12:14.690 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:12:14.690 --> 00:12:16.690 who said: 00:12:16.690 --> 00:12:18.690 "Whoever cultivates land that belongs 00:12:18.690 --> 00:12:20.690 to no one has more right to it." 00:12:20.690 --> 00:12:23.110 'Urwah said: 00:12:23.110 --> 00:12:25.110 "And 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) judged accordingly 00:12:25.110 --> 00:12:27.590 during his caliphate." 00:12:27.590 --> 00:12:29.590 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:12:29.590 --> 00:12:32.230 "Mawat" (barren land): 00:12:32.230 --> 00:12:34.230 meaning, uncultivated, ownerless land. 00:12:34.230 --> 00:12:36.320 "Cultivates" (a'mara): 00:12:36.320 --> 00:12:38.320 meaning, revives and reclaims. 00:12:38.320 --> 00:12:40.740 "Has more right" (ahaqqu): 00:12:40.740 --> 00:12:42.740 meaning, holds priority of ownership. 00:12:42.740 --> 00:12:45.700 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:12:45.700 --> 00:12:47.700 Derived from the hadith is 00:12:47.700 --> 00:12:49.700 the legitimacy of reviving unowned land, 00:12:49.700 --> 00:12:51.700 and that ownership is established through such 00:12:51.700 --> 00:12:53.730 revival. 00:12:53.730 --> 00:12:55.730 Also, that the ruling of a judge based 00:12:55.730 --> 00:12:57.730 on primary textual evidence is binding. 00:12:57.730 --> 00:13:01.940 Chapter: When the Owner of the Land Says, 00:13:01.940 --> 00:13:03.940 "I let you remain 00:13:03.940 --> 00:13:05.940 as long as Allah lets you remain," 00:13:05.940 --> 00:13:07.940 without specifying a fixed term, 00:13:07.940 --> 00:13:09.940 then both parties abide by their mutual consent. 00:13:09.940 --> 00:13:12.580 On the authority of Ibn 'Umar, 00:13:12.580 --> 00:13:14.580 that 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab 00:13:14.580 --> 00:13:16.580 (may Allah be pleased with him) expelled 00:13:16.580 --> 00:13:18.580 the Jews and Christians from the land of 00:13:18.580 --> 00:13:20.580 the Hijaz. 00:13:20.580 --> 00:13:22.580 For when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:13:22.580 --> 00:13:24.580 conquered Khaybar, 00:13:24.580 --> 00:13:26.259 he intended 00:13:26.259 --> 00:13:28.419 to expel the Jews from it. 00:13:28.419 --> 00:13:30.980 The land, when he conquered it, 00:13:30.980 --> 00:13:31.460 belonged to Allah, His Messenger 00:13:31.460 --> 00:13:33.460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:13:33.460 --> 00:13:35.460 and the Muslims, 00:13:35.460 --> 00:13:37.460 and he intended to expel the Jews 00:13:37.460 --> 00:13:39.460 from it. 00:13:39.460 --> 00:13:41.460 But the Jews asked the Messenger of Allah 00:13:41.460 --> 00:13:43.460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:13:43.460 --> 00:13:45.460 to let them remain there, 00:13:45.460 --> 00:13:47.460 on condition that they perform the agricultural labor 00:13:47.460 --> 00:13:49.460 and receive half of the fruit. 00:13:49.460 --> 00:13:51.460 “And the messenger of Allah said: It is the she-camel of Allah, so let her drink!” (91:13) 00:13:51.460 --> 00:13:53.460 (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:13:53.460 --> 00:14:02.460 so they remained there until 'Umar expelled them to Tayma' and Jericho. 00:14:02.460 --> 00:14:06.129 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:14:06.129 --> 00:14:10.519 "Expelled the Jews": meaning he moved them out of their dwellings. 00:14:10.519 --> 00:14:14.519 "From the land of the Hijaz": meaning Mecca and Medina. 00:14:14.519 --> 00:14:19.610 "Conquered Khaybar": meaning he overcame and prevailed over its inhabitants. 00:14:19.610 --> 00:14:23.610 "To let them remain there": meaning to permit them to reside and settle. 00:14:23.610 --> 00:14:28.610 "That they perform the agricultural labor": meaning they manage its date palms and farms 00:14:28.610 --> 00:14:31.610 and undertake their cultivation. 00:14:31.610 --> 00:14:35.710 "And receive half of the fruit": meaning as compensation for their labor. 00:14:35.710 --> 00:14:40.710 "Tayma'": a town near Wadi al-Qura. 00:14:40.710 --> 00:14:44.710 "Jericho": a town in the Levant (al-Sham). 00:14:44.710 --> 00:14:47.929 Key Benefits of the Hadith: 00:14:47.929 --> 00:14:54.700 The hadith serves as evidence for those who permit crop-sharing contracts for an unspecified term. 00:14:54.700 --> 00:14:58.730 It establishes the legitimacy of musaqah contracts on all fixed agricultural assets, 00:14:58.730 --> 00:15:01.730 including date palms, trees, and others. 00:15:01.730 --> 00:15:06.730 And it indicates that 'Umar's (may Allah be pleased with him) expulsion of the Jews from the Hijaz 00:15:06.730 --> 00:15:11.730 was in fulfillment of the Prophet's (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) command before his death. 00:15:11.730 --> 00:15:18.750 Chapter: How the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:15:18.750 --> 00:15:22.750 used to assist and console one another in farming and produce. 00:15:22.750 --> 00:15:26.389 On the authority of Rafi' ibn Khadij ibn Rafi', 00:15:26.389 --> 00:15:30.389 from his paternal uncle Zuhayr ibn Rafi', who said: 00:15:30.389 --> 00:15:37.419 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade us from a practice that had been beneficial to us." 00:15:37.419 --> 00:15:43.519 I said, "Whatever the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said is the truth." 00:15:43.519 --> 00:15:48.519 He said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) called me 00:15:48.519 --> 00:15:52.519 and asked, 'What do you do with your fields?' 00:15:52.519 --> 00:15:59.519 I replied, 'We lease them out for a fourth of the produce and for measured amounts of dates and barley.' 00:15:59.519 --> 00:16:07.519 He said, 'Do not do that; cultivate them yourselves, or let others cultivate them, or retain them.'" 00:16:07.519 --> 00:16:09.639 Rafi' said: 00:16:09.639 --> 00:16:13.379 "I said, 'To hear is to obey.'" 00:16:13.379 --> 00:16:17.149 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:16:17.149 --> 00:16:20.149 "Beneficial" (*rafiqa*) means advantageous and gentle. 00:16:20.149 --> 00:16:24.149 "Your fields" (*mahaqilikum*) means your cultivated lands. 00:16:24.149 --> 00:16:32.210 "Measured amounts" refers to *al-awsuq*; a *wasq* is sixty *sa'*, which equals 150 kilograms. 00:16:32.210 --> 00:16:36.279 "Cultivate them yourselves" means farm them on your own. 00:16:36.279 --> 00:16:42.370 "Let others cultivate them" means grant them to others to farm without charging rent. 00:16:42.370 --> 00:16:48.559 "To hear is to obey" means your words are heard and your command is obeyed. 00:16:48.559 --> 00:16:50.559 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:16:50.559 --> 00:16:56.399 The hadith demonstrates that the leader should inspect the conditions of his subjects, 00:16:56.399 --> 00:17:00.399 and guide them toward what is most beneficial and compassionate for their livelihoods. 00:17:00.399 --> 00:17:07.460 The hadith serves as evidence for those who hold the view that leasing land for a share of its produce is disliked (*makruh*). 00:17:07.460 --> 00:17:12.460 It indicates that legal rulings in the Sharia are founded upon leniency and the removal of hardship. 00:17:12.460 --> 00:17:16.460 It shows the virtue of granting gifts, grants, and uncompensated loans. 00:17:16.460 --> 00:17:20.460 It contains guidance toward showing solidarity with and assisting the poor. 00:17:20.460 --> 00:17:26.000 On the authority of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:30.000 "Some men among us had surplus land, 00:17:30.000 --> 00:17:35.000 and they said, 'We lease it out for a third, a fourth, or a half of the yield.' 00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:39.119 So the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:17:39.119 --> 00:17:45.119 'Whoever possesses land should cultivate it himself or grant it to his brother; 00:17:45.119 --> 00:17:48.119 and if he refuses, let him retain his land.'" 00:17:48.119 --> 00:17:51.640 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:17:51.640 --> 00:17:58.339 "Surplus" (*fudul*) means extra; "grant it" means provide it as an uncompensated loan (*'ariyah*). 00:17:58.339 --> 00:18:01.339 "Refuses" (*aba*) means declines. 00:18:01.339 --> 00:18:04.720 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:18:04.720 --> 00:18:10.559 The hadith indicates the legitimacy of sharecropping (*muzara'ah*) and crop-sharing contracts (*musaqah*). 00:18:10.559 --> 00:18:13.619 It contains guidance toward showing solidarity with and aiding the poor. 00:18:13.619 --> 00:18:17.619 It guides toward the sound management and productive upkeep of wealth. 00:18:17.619 --> 00:18:23.640 On the authority of 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), who said: 00:18:23.640 --> 00:18:27.670 "I knew during the era of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:18:27.670 --> 00:18:30.670 that land used to be leased." 00:18:30.670 --> 00:18:31.759 In another narration: 00:18:31.759 --> 00:18:34.759 Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) 00:18:34.759 --> 00:18:39.759 used to lease out his farms during the era of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), 00:18:39.759 --> 00:18:42.759 and during the caliphates of Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman, 00:18:42.759 --> 00:18:45.759 and the early part of Mu'awiyah's rule; 00:18:45.759 --> 00:18:51.019 then 'Abdullah feared that the Prophet (peace be upon him) 00:18:51.019 --> 00:18:55.019 might have introduced something new regarding it of which he had been unaware, 00:18:55.019 --> 00:18:58.019 so he abandoned leasing land. 00:18:58.019 --> 00:19:02.109 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:19:02.109 --> 00:19:05.750 "Leased" (*tukra*) means rented out. 00:19:05.750 --> 00:19:07.750 "Feared" (*khashiya*) means became apprehensive. 00:19:07.750 --> 00:19:10.750 "Might have introduced something new regarding it" 00:19:10.750 --> 00:19:15.750 means that he might have decreed a ruling abrogating the permissibility of leasing that he had known. 00:19:15.750 --> 00:19:19.099 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:19:19.099 --> 00:19:21.900 It is derived from the hadith: 00:19:21.900 --> 00:19:25.900 The virtue of exercising caution and piety in financial transactions. 00:19:25.900 --> 00:19:31.029 The hadith provides an argument for those who maintain the disapproval of leasing land 00:19:31.029 --> 00:19:33.029 for a fraction of what it produces. 00:19:33.029 --> 00:19:36.029 It also indicates that once an abrogating text (*nasikh*) is established, 00:19:36.029 --> 00:19:38.029 it becomes obligatory to adopt it. 00:19:38.029 --> 00:19:44.079 Chapter: Leasing Land for Gold and Silver. 00:19:44.079 --> 00:19:46.680 On the authority of Hanzalah ibn Qays, 00:19:46.680 --> 00:19:48.680 from Rafi' ibn Khadij, 00:19:48.680 --> 00:19:50.720 who said: 00:19:50.720 --> 00:19:53.720 "My two paternal uncles informed me that people used to lease land 00:19:53.720 --> 00:19:57.720 during the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) 00:19:57.720 --> 00:19:59.720 for whatever grew along the irrigation channels, 00:19:59.720 --> 00:20:03.839 or for a portion reserved exclusively by the landowner; 00:20:03.839 --> 00:20:07.839 so the Prophet (peace be upon him) forbade that." 00:20:07.839 --> 00:20:09.839 I asked Rafi': 00:20:09.839 --> 00:20:12.839 "What about leasing it for dinars and dirhams?" 00:20:12.839 --> 00:20:14.839 Rafi' replied: 00:20:14.839 --> 00:20:18.839 "There is no harm in leasing it for dinars and dirhams." 00:20:18.839 --> 00:20:22.769 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:20:22.769 --> 00:20:25.640 "My two paternal uncles": 00:20:25.640 --> 00:20:27.640 one of them was named Zuhayr, 00:20:27.640 --> 00:20:30.640 and the other was said to be named Muzhir. 00:20:30.640 --> 00:20:32.859 "They leased" 00:20:32.859 --> 00:20:33.859 means they rented out. 00:20:33.859 --> 00:20:36.859 "The time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)" 00:20:36.859 --> 00:20:41.859 refers to his era and lifetime (peace be upon him). 00:20:41.859 --> 00:20:42.859 "The irrigation channels" (*al-arba'*) 00:20:42.859 --> 00:20:45.990 refers to small streams and streamlets. 00:20:45.990 --> 00:20:48.990 "What about leasing it for dinars and dirhams?" 00:20:48.990 --> 00:20:52.990 means: What is the ruling on sharecropping paid in dinars and dirhams? 00:20:52.990 --> 00:20:56.049 "There is no harm in leasing it for dinars and dirhams" 00:20:56.049 --> 00:20:58.049 means it is permissible. 00:20:58.049 --> 00:21:01.240 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:21:01.240 --> 00:21:03.920 It is derived from the hadith: 00:21:03.920 --> 00:21:09.920 The prohibition of leasing land for a portion of the yield produced by a specifically designated part of it. 00:21:09.920 --> 00:21:13.920 It establishes the permissibility of leasing land for monetary currency. 00:21:13.920 --> 00:21:19.950 It shows the prohibition in financial transactions of any ambiguity (*jahalah*) that leads to dispute. 00:21:19.950 --> 00:21:24.089 Chapter. 00:21:24.089 --> 00:21:26.509 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah: 00:21:26.509 --> 00:21:30.509 The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was narrating one day, 00:21:30.509 --> 00:21:33.509 while a man from the desert bedouins was present with him, 00:21:33.509 --> 00:21:38.509 that a man from the people of Paradise asked his Lord for permission to farm. 00:21:38.509 --> 00:21:39.509 So Allah said to him: 00:21:39.509 --> 00:21:42.509 "Are you not already in possession of whatever you desire?" 00:21:42.509 --> 00:21:43.509 He replied, "Yes indeed, 00:21:43.509 --> 00:21:46.509 but I love to cultivate the land." 00:21:46.509 --> 00:21:48.509 So he hastened and sowed seeds, 00:21:48.509 --> 00:21:56.509 and in the twinkling of an eye, the plants sprouted, matured, were harvested, and heaped up like mountains. 00:21:56.509 --> 00:21:58.509 Thereupon Allah Almighty says: 00:21:58.509 --> 00:22:00.509 "Here it is, O son of Adam! 00:22:00.509 --> 00:22:03.509 For nothing ever satisfies you." 00:22:03.509 --> 00:22:05.640 The bedouin said: 00:22:05.640 --> 00:22:07.640 "O Messenger of Allah, 00:22:07.640 --> 00:22:11.640 you will not find this man to be anyone other than a Qurayshite or an Ansari, 00:22:11.640 --> 00:22:14.640 for they are people of agriculture, 00:22:14.640 --> 00:22:17.640 whereas we are not people of agriculture." 00:22:17.640 --> 00:22:23.369 At this, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) laughed. 00:22:23.369 --> 00:22:26.880 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:22:26.880 --> 00:22:28.880 "He asked his Lord for permission to farm" 00:22:28.880 --> 00:22:31.880 means he petitioned Allah Almighty to let him cultivate. 00:22:31.880 --> 00:22:34.009 "Are you not already in possession of whatever you desire?" 00:22:34.009 --> 00:22:38.009 means: Are you not already amidst all the cravings you could wish for? 00:22:38.009 --> 00:22:40.009 The intended meaning is: 00:22:40.009 --> 00:22:44.009 Are you not in a place where you have everything your soul desires? 00:22:44.009 --> 00:22:46.039 "In the twinkling of an eye" (*tabadara al-tarf*): 00:22:46.039 --> 00:22:48.039 *al-tarf* refers to the motion of the eye. 00:22:48.039 --> 00:22:50.039 The intended meaning is: 00:22:50.039 --> 00:22:55.039 Between the sowing of the seed and the full ripening and completion of the crop's entire cycle— 00:22:55.039 --> 00:22:58.039 including uprooting, reaping, winnowing, and gathering— 00:22:58.039 --> 00:23:01.039 there was nothing more than the span of a single glance. 00:23:01.039 --> 00:23:04.269 "And heaped up" (*takwiruhu*) means gathered into mounds. 00:23:04.269 --> 00:23:07.559 "Here it is" (*dunak*) means take it. 00:23:07.559 --> 00:23:11.519 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:23:11.519 --> 00:23:13.519 It is derived from the hadith: 00:23:13.519 --> 00:23:19.519 In Paradise there exists whatever souls desire of worldly activities and pleasures. 00:23:19.519 --> 00:23:23.640 It affirms the speech of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious. 00:23:23.640 --> 00:23:28.640 When someone consistently adheres to a certain path or state, whether good or bad, 00:23:28.640 --> 00:23:30.640 it is permissible to characterize him by it, 00:23:30.640 --> 00:23:33.680 and there is no blame upon the one describing him. 00:23:33.680 --> 00:23:39.680 Souls are naturally disposed toward accumulating and desiring worldly enjoyment, 00:23:39.680 --> 00:23:45.900 yet Allah Almighty has freed the people of Paradise from the fatigue and hardship of worldly toil. 00:23:45.900 --> 00:23:51.029 The hadith alludes to the virtue of contentment and the blameworthiness of greed. 00:23:51.029 --> 00:24:00.839 It illustrates how Allah's kindness toward His servants allows them to feel at ease within His generous bounty. 00:24:00.839 --> 00:24:03.160 The Book of Crop-Sharing Contracts (*al-Musaqah*). 00:24:03.160 --> 00:24:09.160 *Al-Musaqah* is a contract stipulating the delivery of trees to someone who tends them 00:24:09.160 --> 00:24:12.160 in exchange for a specified share of their fruit. 00:24:12.160 --> 00:24:15.670 Chapter: On Drinking Rights, 00:24:15.670 --> 00:24:24.150 and whoever regards the charity, gift, and bequest of water as permissible, whether divided or undivided. 00:24:24.150 --> 00:24:28.150 On the authority of Sahl ibn Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:24:28.150 --> 00:24:33.150 A drinking vessel was brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and he drank from it; 00:24:33.150 --> 00:24:39.150 on his right was a boy, the youngest of the group, while the elders sat to his left. 00:24:39.150 --> 00:24:45.150 He asked, "O young boy, do you permit me to give the elders first?" 00:24:45.150 --> 00:24:51.309 The boy replied, "I would not give up my share from you to anyone, O Messenger of Allah!" 00:24:51.309 --> 00:24:54.309 In another narration: "my remaining share." 00:24:54.309 --> 00:24:56.470 So he gave it to him. 00:24:56.470 --> 00:24:59.470 In another narration: "He placed it into his hand." 00:24:59.470 --> 00:25:03.200 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:25:03.200 --> 00:25:09.910 "A drinking vessel" (*qadah*): a *qadah* is a container that quenches the thirst of two or three men. 00:25:09.910 --> 00:25:15.039 "A boy" was al-Fadl ibn 'Abbas, and it is also said to have been his brother. 00:25:15.039 --> 00:25:19.099 "The youngest of the group" means the youngest among them in age. 00:25:19.099 --> 00:25:23.099 "The elders" refers to the older, senior men. 00:25:23.099 --> 00:25:25.099 "Give up" (*u'thira*): 00:25:25.099 --> 00:25:29.099 *ithar* is the act of preferring others over oneself. 00:25:29.099 --> 00:25:32.359 "My share" refers to his allotted portion. 00:25:32.359 --> 00:25:36.190 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:25:36.190 --> 00:25:38.190 It is derived from the hadith: 00:25:38.190 --> 00:25:43.250 The virtue of the right side over the left in serving drinks, handing items, and the like. 00:25:43.250 --> 00:25:51.240 Whoever is entitled to a thing may not have it taken from him except with his consent. 00:25:51.240 --> 00:25:54.240 On the authority of Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 00:25:54.240 --> 00:26:00.240 "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came to us in this house of ours and asked for a drink; 00:26:00.240 --> 00:26:03.240 so we milked a sheep of ours for him, 00:26:03.240 --> 00:26:07.240 and then I mixed it with water from this well of ours and handed it to him. 00:26:07.240 --> 00:26:09.240 Abu Bakr was on his left, 00:26:09.240 --> 00:26:11.240 'Umar was facing him, 00:26:11.240 --> 00:26:14.240 and a bedouin was on his right. 00:26:14.240 --> 00:26:19.240 When he finished, 'Umar said, 'Here is Abu Bakr!' 00:26:19.240 --> 00:26:22.240 But he gave his leftover drink to the bedouin, 00:26:22.240 --> 00:26:28.269 and then said, 'Those on the right, those on the right! Pass it to the right!' 00:26:28.269 --> 00:26:35.650 Anas said, 'It is the Sunnah; it is the Sunnah,' repeating it three times." 00:26:35.650 --> 00:26:37.650 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:26:37.650 --> 00:26:42.069 "He asked for a drink" means he requested something to drink. 00:26:42.069 --> 00:26:45.069 "I mixed it" (*shabtuhu*) means I blended it. 00:26:45.069 --> 00:26:49.099 "Facing him" means directly across from and in front of him. 00:26:49.099 --> 00:26:51.099 "Here is Abu Bakr": 00:26:51.099 --> 00:26:56.099 he made that remark because he was concerned that he might give it to the bedouin, 00:26:56.099 --> 00:27:01.289 so he said, "Give it to Abu Bakr, O Messenger of Allah, who is beside you." 00:27:01.289 --> 00:27:05.289 "His leftover drink" means what remained in the vessel after drinking. 00:27:05.289 --> 00:27:08.710 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:27:08.710 --> 00:27:15.670 The hadith demonstrates the legitimacy of prioritizing the one on the right of the drinker when passing a drink. 00:27:15.670 --> 00:27:21.670 Those sitting together share in a gift by way of etiquette, not out of strict obligation. 00:27:24.240 --> 00:27:31.839 Chapter: Whoever Held that the Owner of Water Has the Utmost Right to It Until He Quenches His Thirst. 00:27:31.839 --> 00:27:38.839 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: 00:27:38.839 --> 00:27:44.680 "Do not withhold surplus water in order to withhold surplus pasture thereby." 00:27:44.680 --> 00:27:48.190 Commentary on the Hadith: 00:27:48.190 --> 00:27:52.190 "Surplus water" means that which exceeds one's actual need. 00:27:52.190 --> 00:27:55.670 "Pasture" (*al-kala'*) means grazing grass and vegetation. 00:27:55.670 --> 00:27:59.599 Key Takeaways from the Hadith: 00:27:59.599 --> 00:28:05.599 The hadith demonstrates that people are partners in unowned, freely available water and pasture. 00:28:05.599 --> 00:28:12.420 It contains an encouragement toward noble manners and showing solidarity with people. 00:28:12.420 --> 00:28:16.839 Chapter: Disputes over wells and judicial rulings concerning them. 00:28:16.839 --> 00:28:20.839 On the authority of Shaqiq, from 'Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:28:20.839 --> 00:28:24.869 from the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), who said: 00:28:24.869 --> 00:28:28.869 "Whoever takes an oath—and in another narration: 00:28:28.869 --> 00:28:30.869 an obligatory oath— 00:28:30.869 --> 00:28:33.869 to wrongfully appropriate the property of a Muslim, 00:28:33.869 --> 00:28:35.869 lying while doing so, 00:28:35.869 --> 00:28:38.869 will meet Allah—and in another narration: 00:28:38.869 --> 00:28:40.869 on the Day of Resurrection— 00:28:40.869 --> 00:28:42.869 while He is angry with him." 00:28:42.869 --> 00:28:45.869 Thereupon, Allah Almighty revealed: 00:28:45.869 --> 00:28:51.869 “Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (3:77) 00:28:51.869 --> 00:28:54.000 the verse. 00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:56.000 Then Al-Ash'ath arrived and said: 00:28:56.000 --> 00:29:01.000 "Whatever Abu 'Abd al-Rahman has narrated to you, this verse was revealed concerning me: 00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:05.029 I had a well on the land of a cousin of mine," 00:29:05.029 --> 00:29:07.089 and in another narration: 00:29:07.089 --> 00:29:12.119 "There was a dispute between me and a Jewish man over land, and he denied my claim, 00:29:12.119 --> 00:29:15.119 so the Prophet said to me: 'Produce your witnesses,'" 00:29:15.119 --> 00:29:16.119 and in another narration: 00:29:16.119 --> 00:29:18.119 "'Do you have any proof?' 00:29:18.119 --> 00:29:21.160 I said: 'I have no witnesses.' 00:29:21.160 --> 00:29:23.160 He said: 'Then his oath shall decide it.' 00:29:23.160 --> 00:29:25.160 I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, 00:29:25.160 --> 00:29:27.160 in that case, he will simply swear a false oath!' 00:29:27.160 --> 00:29:32.160 So the Prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned this hadith, 00:29:32.160 --> 00:29:35.160 and Allah revealed that verse in confirmation of it." 00:29:35.160 --> 00:29:38.829 Commentary on the hadith: 00:29:38.829 --> 00:29:41.339 "To wrongfully appropriate": 00:29:41.339 --> 00:29:45.339 meaning to take a portion of wealth through that oath. 00:29:45.339 --> 00:29:46.339 "Lying" (fajir): 00:29:46.339 --> 00:29:48.339 that is, untruthful. 00:29:48.339 --> 00:29:49.339 "Will meet Allah": 00:29:49.339 --> 00:29:51.339 that is, on the Day of Resurrection. 00:29:52.339 --> 00:29:58.339 “Lo! those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's covenant and their oaths, they have no portion in the Hereafter. Allah will neither speak to them nor look upon them on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He make them grow. Theirs will be a painful doom.” (3:77) 00:29:58.339 --> 00:30:02.339 This includes anyone who takes something of worldly gain 00:30:02.339 --> 00:30:06.339 in exchange for abandoning Allah's right or the rights of His servants. 00:30:06.339 --> 00:30:11.339 Likewise, whoever swears an oath to wrongfully seize the protected property of another 00:30:11.339 --> 00:30:14.339 falls under the warning of this verse. 00:30:14.339 --> 00:30:16.559 "Abu 'Abd al-Rahman": 00:30:16.559 --> 00:30:20.559 this is the kunya of 'Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him. 00:30:20.559 --> 00:30:22.559 "A cousin of mine": 00:30:22.559 --> 00:30:24.559 he was the cousin of Al-Ash'ath Ibn Qays, 00:30:24.559 --> 00:30:28.559 named Ma'dan Ibn al-Aswad al-Kindi. 00:30:28.559 --> 00:30:29.630 "Produce your witnesses": 00:30:29.630 --> 00:30:31.630 that is, bring your witnesses. 00:30:31.630 --> 00:30:33.630 "An obligatory oath" (yamin sabr): 00:30:33.630 --> 00:30:36.630 that is, an oath to which a person is compelled and bound, 00:30:36.630 --> 00:30:37.630 and what is meant here 00:30:37.630 --> 00:30:39.630 is a false oath. 00:30:39.630 --> 00:30:42.950 Among the benefits derived from the hadith: 00:30:42.950 --> 00:30:45.650 it is deduced from this hadith 00:30:45.650 --> 00:30:47.650 that the burden of proof rests upon the claimant, 00:30:48.650 --> 00:30:52.779 while the oath is incumbent upon the defendant if he denies the claim. 00:30:52.779 --> 00:30:56.779 It also indicates that whoever swears falsely by Allah, the Glorified, 00:30:56.779 --> 00:30:59.779 in order to unlawfully take some worldly possession, 00:30:59.779 --> 00:31:02.779 deserves the wrath of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.