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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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The Mawaddah Association is pleased

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to present to you "Portraits from the Lives of the Companions"

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by 'Abd al-Rahman Ra'fat al-Basha,

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may Allah have mercy on him.

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Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi',

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may Allah be pleased with him.

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Abu al-'As ibn al-Rabi'

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al-'Abshami al-Qurashi was

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a young man in the prime of his youth,

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resplendent in grace,

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striking in appearance and presence.

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Affluence cast its gentle shade over him,

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and noble lineage wrapped him in its mantle,

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so he became a quintessential exemplar of Arab chivalry,

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possessing all its noble traits:

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dignity, pride,

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signs of chivalry, loyalty,

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and the cherished virtues of honoring

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the heritage of his fathers and grandfathers.

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Abu al-'As inherited

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the love of trade from Quraysh,

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the people of the two seasonal caravans:

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the winter caravan and the summer caravan.

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Thus his transport beasts were

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constantly going

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and returning between Mecca and the Levant.

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His caravan would comprise

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a hundred camels

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and two hundred men.

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People would entrust

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him with their wealth to trade

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on their behalf alongside his own capital,

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having tested his consummate skill,

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honesty, and trustworthiness.

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His maternal aunt, Khadijah

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bint Khuwaylid, the wife of

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Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah,

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regarded him with the affection

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of a mother for her son,

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and reserved for him in her heart and home

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an esteemed place

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where he was always welcomed with warmth and love.

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Nor was the love of Muhammad

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ibn 'Abdullah for Abu al-'As

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any less than

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Khadijah's love for him.

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The years passed

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swiftly and fleetly over the household

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of Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah.

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Zaynab, the eldest of his daughters, grew up

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and blossomed just as

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a fragrant, sweet-scented

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flower unfolds its splendid beauty.

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The aspirations of the noble youth

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and the sons of the eminent chieftains

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among the nobility of Mecca turned toward her.

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And how could they not,

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when she was among the purest daughters of Quraysh

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in ancestral honor and lineage,

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the noblest in mother and father,

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and the most refined in character and deportment?

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But

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how could they ever win her,

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when standing ahead of them all was

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her maternal cousin, Abu al-'As

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ibn al-Rabi', the pride of Mecca's youth?

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Not many years had passed

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following the marriage of Zaynab bint Muhammad

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to Abu al-'As—only a few

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numbered years—when

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the valleys of Mecca were illuminated

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with the most radiant divine light.

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Allah sent His Prophet Muhammad

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with the religion of guidance and truth,

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and commanded him to warn

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his nearest kinsfolk.

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The first to believe in him

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among women was his wife,

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Khadijah bint Khuwaylid,

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and his daughters Zaynab, Ruqayyah,

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Umm Kulthum,

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and Fatimah, even though

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Fatimah was very young

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at that time. However,

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his son-in-law, Abu al-'As,

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disliked abandoning the religion of his fathers

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and grandfathers, and refused

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to embrace what his wife Zaynab had embraced,

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despite the fact

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that he held her in the purest,

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most sincere love, and gave her

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unblemished devotion.

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When the conflict intensified between

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the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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and Quraysh,

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they said to one another,

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"You have relieved

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Muhammad of his burdens

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by marrying your young men to his daughters.

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If you were to send them back

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to him, he would be too preoccupied with them to bother with you."

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So they said, "What an excellent

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idea you have proposed!"

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They went to Abu al-'As

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and said to him, "Separate from

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your wife, Abu al-'As,

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and return her to her father's house,

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and we will marry you to

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whichever woman you desire from the noblest

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and most distinguished ladies of Quraysh."

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He replied, "No, by Allah!

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I will never separate from

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my companion, and I would not exchange her

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for all the women of the world

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combined." As for

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his daughters Ruqayyah and Umm

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Kulthum, they were divorced

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and brought back to his house.

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The Messenger (peace be upon him) was pleased with their return

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to him, and wished

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that Abu al-'As

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had done as his two companions had done;

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however, he had

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no authority to compel him,

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and the prohibition of a believing woman marrying

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a polytheist

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had not yet been legislated.

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When the Messenger

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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) migrated

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to Medina,

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and his cause grew strong there,

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Quraysh marched out to fight him at Badr.

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Abu al-'As was compelled

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to go out with them reluctantly,

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for he had no desire

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to fight the Muslims,

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nor any wish to harm them.

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Yet his standing among his people

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forced him to go along with them

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against his will.

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The Battle of Badr concluded with a crushing

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defeat for Quraysh,

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which humbled the pride of polytheism

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and broke the backs of its tyrants.

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One group was killed,

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another was captured,

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and another was saved only by flight.

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Among the ranks of the captives was

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Abu al-'As,

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the husband of Zaynab bint Muhammad

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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

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The Prophet (peace be upon him) imposed

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on the captives

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a ransom to redeem themselves

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from captivity,

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setting it between

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one thousand and four thousand dirhams,

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according to the captive's social standing

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and wealth.

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Envoys began traveling back and forth

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between Mecca and Medina,

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carrying the funds to ransom

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their captives.

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Zaynab sent her emissary

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to Medina carrying the ransom of

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her husband, Abu al-'As: a necklace

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that her mother, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid,

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had gifted to her

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on the day of her wedding to him.

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When the Messenger saw the necklace,

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his noble face was overcome by

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a sheer veil

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of deep sorrow,

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and he was moved with profound tenderness for his daughter.

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Then he turned to his companions

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and said,

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"Zaynab has sent this property

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to ransom Abu al-'As;

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if you see fit to release

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her captive for her and return

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her property to her, then do so."

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They said, "Yes,

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most gladly and willingly, O Messenger of Allah!"

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However, the Prophet

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(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)

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made it a condition upon Abu al-'As before

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setting him free

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that he send his daughter Zaynab to him

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without delay.

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No sooner had Abu al-'As reached Mecca

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than he hastened to fulfill

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his pledge.

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He instructed his wife to prepare for the journey

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and informed her that the emissaries of her father

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were waiting for her not far

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from Mecca.

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He prepared her provisions and mount for her,

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He charged his brother, 'Amr ibn al-Rabi',

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to accompany her

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and hand her over to her escorts,

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hand to hand.

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'Amr ibn al-Rabi' slung his bow over his shoulder

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and carried his quiver.

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He placed Zaynab in her litter

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and set out with her from Mecca openly

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in broad daylight, right before the eyes of Quraysh.

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The people were agitated

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and surged in commotion,

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until they overtook the two of them not far away.

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They terrified Zaynab

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and alarmed her.

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At that moment,

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'Amr readied his bow

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and scattered his quiver before him,

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saying, "By Allah, no man shall approach

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her except that I will

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drive an arrow into his throat!"

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He was an archer who never missed a

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shot.

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Thereupon, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb approached him,

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having caught up with the crowd,

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and said to him, "O son of my brother,

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withhold your arrows from us so that we may speak to you."

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So he held back from them,

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and Abu Sufyan said to him,

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"You have not acted wisely in what you did.

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You took Zaynab out

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publicly before the eyes of the people,

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while our eyes were watching.

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Yet all the Arabs know

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of our setback at Badr

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and what befell us at the hands of

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her father, Muhammad.

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If you leave openly with his daughter

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as you have done,

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the tribes will accuse us of cowardice

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and describe us as humiliated and disgraced.

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So take her back

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and keep her in her husband's house

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for a few days,

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until the people talk about us having

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turned her back.

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Then slip her out secretly from among us

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and send her to join her father,

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for we have no need to keep her from him."

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'Amr agreed to that

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and brought Zaynab back to Mecca.

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Shortly thereafter,

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he took her out by night,

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after a few days,

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and handed her over to her father's emissaries

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hand to hand,

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just as his brother had instructed him.

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Abu al-'As remained in Mecca

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for a time after parting from his wife,

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until shortly before the Conquest

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of Mecca,

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when he set out for the Levant on a trading journey of his.

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When he was returning to Mecca,

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accompanied by his caravan

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which numbered one hundred camels,

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and his men who exceeded

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one hundred and seventy,

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a raid unit crossed his path—

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one of the raid units of the Messenger, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him—

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near Medina.

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They seized the caravan

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and took the men captive,

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but Abu al-'As escaped from them

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and they could not capture him.

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When night fell,

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Abu al-'As took cover

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under the mantle of darkness

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and entered Medina fearful and vigilant.

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He went on until

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he reached Zaynab

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and sought her protection,

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so she granted him protection.

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The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, stood up

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for the Dawn prayer,

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aligned himself standing in the prayer niche,

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and pronounced the opening Takbir.

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The people pronounced Takbir following his Takbir,

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whereupon Zaynab called out from the row

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of women, saying:

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"O people!

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I am Zaynab, daughter of Muhammad,

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and I have granted protection to Abu al-'As,

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so grant him protection!"

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When the Prophet concluded the prayer with taslim,

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he turned to the people and said,

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"Did you hear what I heard?"

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They replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah."

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He said,

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"By Him in Whose hand is my soul,

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I knew nothing of this

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until I heard what you heard.

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Indeed, the lowest in status among the Muslims

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may grant protection binding on them all."

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Then he departed to his home

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and said to his daughter,

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"Treat Abu al-'As hospitably,

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but know that you are not lawful for him."

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Then he summoned the men of the raid unit

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that had seized the caravan

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and taken the men captive, and said:

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"This man is connected to us

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as you well know,

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and you have taken his property.

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If you act charitably and return to him

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what belongs to him, that would be pleasing to us.

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But if you refuse,

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then it is Allah's spoils of war

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which He has bestowed upon you,

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and you have the most right to it."

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They said, "Rather, we will return

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his property to him, O Messenger of Allah."

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When he came to take it,

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they said to him, "O Abu al-'As,

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you hold a noble standing

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among Quraysh,

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and you are the cousin of the Messenger of Allah and his son-in-law.

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Will you not embrace Islam?

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We will relinquish to you

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all of this wealth,

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so you may enjoy all the wealth you have of

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the people of Mecca and remain with us

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in Medina."

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He replied, "How wretched is that to which you invite me—

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that I should begin my new religion

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with treachery!"

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Abu al-'As proceeded with the caravan

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and everything on it to Mecca.

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When he reached it,

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he said,

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"O people of Quraysh!

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Does anyone among you have any wealth remaining

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with me that he has not reclaimed?"

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They said, "No,

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and may Allah reward you with good on our behalf,

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for we have found you faithful to your trust and generous."

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He said,

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"Now that I have fulfilled to you

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your rights, I

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bear witness that there is no god but Allah,

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and that Muhammad is

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the Messenger of Allah.

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By Allah, nothing prevented me from accepting Islam

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with Muhammad in Medina

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except my fear that you would think I

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only intended to misappropriate your wealth.

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So when Allah delivered it

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to you and my obligation

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was cleared of it, I embraced Islam."

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Then he set out until he came

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to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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The Prophet received him

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warmly and reunited him with his wife.

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And he used to say of him,

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"He spoke to me and proved truthful,

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and he made me a promise and fulfilled it."

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[Inaudible poetic verse segment]

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[Inaudible poetic verse segment]