WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.039 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.580 --> 00:00:12.660 Abridged by Dr. ‘Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:14.060 --> 00:00:15.820 Surah al-Ra‘d. 00:00:19.089 --> 00:00:23.570 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:24.309 --> 00:00:34.399 “Is he who knoweth that what is revealed unto thee from thy Lord is the truth like him who is blind? But only men of understanding heed;” (13:19) 00:00:34.600 --> 00:00:40.679 Only those of understanding will take heed. 00:00:42.289 --> 00:00:50.450 Is he who knows that what Allah has revealed to you, O Muhammad, is the truth—so he believes in it and acts upon it— 00:00:50.890 --> 00:00:55.210 Like one who is blind, failing to recognize the weight of Allah’s proof against him? 00:00:55.530 --> 00:00:58.729 He does not know the obligatory duties that Allah has enjoined upon him. 00:00:59.289 --> 00:01:04.209 Only those of intellect take heed of the signs of Allah and reflect upon them. 00:01:05.659 --> 00:01:14.299 “Such as keep the pact of Allah, and break not the covenant;” (13:20) 00:01:14.700 --> 00:01:30.540 “Such as unite that which Allah hath commandeth should be joined, and fear their Lord, and dread a woeful reckoning;” (13:21) 00:01:31.900 --> 00:01:34.739 Only those of understanding take heed and reflect. 00:01:35.180 --> 00:01:41.540 They are those who fulfill the covenant of Allah and do not break the pledge they have made to Him. 00:01:42.019 --> 00:01:50.099 Those who maintain the ties of kinship that Allah has commanded to be joined, and who fear Allah regarding severing them. 00:01:50.739 --> 00:01:57.019 They fear that Allah might hold them to account, after which no sin would be forgiven for them. 00:01:57.700 --> 00:02:03.980 Because of their awe of that, they are diligent in His obedience and steadfast in observing His limits. 00:02:05.680 --> 00:02:14.719 “Such as persevere in seeking their Lord's Countenance and are regular in prayer and spend of that which We bestow upon them secretly and openly, and overcome evil with good. Theirs will be the sequel of the (heavenly) Home,” (13:22) 00:02:15.240 --> 00:02:25.039 “Such as persevere in seeking their Lord's Countenance and are regular in prayer and spend of that which We bestow upon them secretly and openly, and overcome evil with good. Theirs will be the sequel of the (heavenly) Home,” (13:22) 00:02:25.520 --> 00:02:34.520 They repel evil with good; for them is the ultimate home. 00:02:35.879 --> 00:02:40.919 Those who have been patient in fulfilling the covenant of Allah, seeking the glorification of Allah. 00:02:41.400 --> 00:02:49.120 They perform the prescribed prayer within its limits and at its proper times, and they pay the prescribed zakat from their wealth. 00:02:49.639 --> 00:02:57.759 They spend from it in the ways Allah has commanded them to spend, both in secret and in public. 00:02:58.319 --> 00:03:03.520 They repel the evil of those who mistreat them by responding with kindness. 00:03:04.159 --> 00:03:13.240 These are the ones for whom Allah has prepared the Garden as an outcome, instead of the home that would have been theirs in the Fire had they not been believers. 00:03:14.919 --> 00:03:30.439 “Gardens of Eden which they enter, along with all who do right of their fathers and their helpmeets and their seed. The angels enter unto them from every gate,” (13:23) 00:03:30.879 --> 00:03:48.389 The angels enter upon them from every gate, saying: "Peace be upon you for your patience; how excellent is the ultimate home." 00:03:49.669 --> 00:04:00.430 For them are the Gardens of eternal residence, from which there is no departure; they enter them along with those who were righteous among their fathers, their spouses, and their descendants. 00:04:01.189 --> 00:04:08.509 Their righteousness consists of their faith in Allah and their following of His command and the command of His Messenger, peace be upon him. 00:04:09.270 --> 00:04:20.509 The angels enter upon them, saying: "Peace be upon you for your patience in obeying your Lord in the world; how excellent is the ultimate home." 00:04:22.319 --> 00:04:31.160 And those who break the covenant of Allah after its ratification, and sever— 00:04:31.680 --> 00:04:49.959 “And those who break the covenant of Allah after ratifying it, and sever that which Allah hath commanded should be joined, and make mischief in the earth: theirs is the curse and theirs the ill abode.” (13:25) 00:04:51.379 --> 00:04:57.740 As for those who break the covenant of Allah by opposing His command and acting in disobedience to Him, 00:04:58.180 --> 00:05:07.860 After they had pledged to Allah that they would act according to what He covenanted with them, and they sever the ties of kinship that Allah commanded to be joined, 00:05:08.459 --> 00:05:18.740 And they spread corruption on earth by their acts of disobedience to Allah—for them is distance from His mercy, and for them is that which will distress them in the Hereafter. 00:05:20.220 --> 00:05:36.100 “Allah enlargeth livelihood for whom He will, and straiteneth (it for whom He will); and they rejoice in the life of the world, whereas the life of the world is but brief comfort as compared with the Hereafter.” (13:26) 00:05:37.560 --> 00:05:46.240 Allah extends provision to whom He wills of His creation, and restricts it for whom He wills in their livelihood. 00:05:46.949 --> 00:05:55.430 Those who have been granted abundance in provision rejoice in it, despite their disbelief in Allah and their disobedience. 00:05:56.069 --> 00:06:06.670 What these people have been given in this world of abundance, provision, and comfort is but a small enjoyment compared to what Allah has for the people of obedience in the Hereafter. 00:06:07.069 --> 00:06:09.269 It is a trivial and fleeting thing. 00:06:10.819 --> 00:06:28.019 “Those who disbelieve say: If only a portent were sent down upon him from his Lord! Say: Lo! Allah sendeth whom He will astray, and guideth unto Himself all who turn (unto Him),” (13:27) 00:06:29.480 --> 00:06:41.879 The polytheists of your people say to you, O Muhammad: "Why has no sign been sent down to you from your Lord?" Say: "Allah lets go astray whom He wills among you, O people." 00:06:42.279 --> 00:06:54.920 He abandons him, so he does not believe in me or in what I have brought from my Lord; and He guides to Himself those who turn back in repentance, granting them success in following and believing in me. 00:06:55.480 --> 00:07:08.439 The straying of those who go astray among you is not because a sign was not sent down to me, nor is the guidance of those who are guided because it was sent down; rather, that is in the hand of Allah. 00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:15.639 He grants success to whom He wills among you to believe, and He abandons whom He wills among you, so they do not believe. 00:07:16.730 --> 00:07:31.930 “Who have believed and whose hearts have rest in the remembrance of Allah. Verily in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest!” (13:28) 00:07:32.889 --> 00:07:42.649 Those who believe, whose hearts find rest and tranquility in the remembrance of Allah; for indeed, it is in the remembrance of Allah that the hearts of the believers find rest and tranquility. 00:07:44.180 --> 00:07:52.180 Those who believe and do righteous deeds—for them is a goodly state and a beautiful place of return. 00:07:52.180 --> 00:08:03.790 Those who believe and do righteous deeds—for them is a goodly state (Tuba being a tree in Paradise), and for them is a beautiful place of return. 00:08:04.589 --> 00:08:24.189 “Thus We send thee (O Muhammad) unto a nation, before whom other nations have passed away, that thou mayst recite unto them that which We have inspired in thee, while they are disbelievers in the Beneficent. Say: He is my Lord; there is no Allah save Him. In Him do I put my trust and unto Him is my recourse.” (13:30) 00:08:24.189 --> 00:08:34.190 “Thus We send thee (O Muhammad) unto a nation, before whom other nations have passed away, that thou mayst recite unto them that which We have inspired in thee, while they are disbelievers in the Beneficent. Say: He is my Lord; there is no Allah save Him. In Him do I put my trust and unto Him is my recourse.” (13:30) 00:08:34.429 --> 00:08:47.149 Thus have We sent you, O Muhammad, among a community of people—before whom other communities have passed away—to convey to them what I have sent you with. 00:08:47.149 --> 00:08:59.309 Yet they deny the oneness of Allah. Say: "He is my Lord; there is no deity except Him. Upon Him I have relied, and to Him is my return and my destination." 00:08:59.309 --> 00:09:13.950 “Had it been possible for a Lecture to cause the mountains to move, or the earth to be torn asunder, or the dead to speak, (this Qur'an would have done so). Nay, but Allah's is the whole command. Do not those who believe know that, had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? As for those who disbelieve, disaster ceaseth not to strike them because of what they do, or it dwelleth near their home until the threat of Allah come to pass. Lo! Allah faileth not to keep the tryst.” (13:31) 00:09:13.950 --> 00:09:23.710 “Had it been possible for a Lecture to cause the mountains to move, or the earth to be torn asunder, or the dead to speak, (this Qur'an would have done so). Nay, but Allah's is the whole command. Do not those who believe know that, had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? As for those who disbelieve, disaster ceaseth not to strike them because of what they do, or it dwelleth near their home until the threat of Allah come to pass. Lo! Allah faileth not to keep the tryst.” (13:31) 00:09:23.710 --> 00:09:48.830 “Had it been possible for a Lecture to cause the mountains to move, or the earth to be torn asunder, or the dead to speak, (this Qur'an would have done so). Nay, but Allah's is the whole command. Do not those who believe know that, had Allah willed, He could have guided all mankind? As for those who disbelieve, disaster ceaseth not to strike them because of what they do, or it dwelleth near their home until the threat of Allah come to pass. Lo! Allah faileth not to keep the tryst.” (13:31) 00:09:48.830 --> 00:09:56.190 Indeed, Allah does not break His promise. 00:09:56.190 --> 00:10:13.230 If there were a Qur'an by which mountains could be moved, or the earth could be cleaved, or the dead could be made to speak, it would be this Qur'an. 00:10:13.309 --> 00:10:23.389 But such things were not done by any scripture before this Qur'an, nor will they be done by this one; rather, the entire matter belongs to Him and is in His hand. 00:10:23.389 --> 00:10:33.700 Have those who believe not realized that if Allah had willed, He could have guided all mankind to faith without producing a sign? 00:10:33.779 --> 00:10:45.620 And those who disbelieve among your people, O Muhammad, will continue to be struck by a calamity—that which strikes them of affliction, punishment, and vengeance—because of what they have wrought of their disbelief. 00:10:45.620 --> 00:10:55.299 Or you, O Muhammad, will descend near their homes with your army and your companions until the promise of Allah, which He promised you regarding them, comes to pass. 00:10:55.299 --> 00:11:04.320 Indeed, Allah will fulfill for you, O Muhammad, what He promised you of victory over them, for He does not break His promise. 00:11:04.480 --> 00:11:22.559 “And verily messengers (of Allah) were mocked before thee, but long I bore with those who disbelieved. At length I seized them, and how (awful) was My punishment!” (13:32) 00:11:22.559 --> 00:11:34.399 O Muhammad, if these polytheists mock and demand signs from you out of denial, then be patient regarding their harm toward you. 00:11:34.480 --> 00:11:43.840 For nations before you mocked My messengers, so I granted them respite, then I inflicted upon them My punishment and My vengeance. 00:11:43.840 --> 00:11:53.740 So observe how My punishment was when I punished them; did I not make them a lesson for those of understanding? 00:11:53.740 --> 00:12:05.179 “Is He Who is aware of the deserts of every soul (as he who is aware of nothing)? Yet they ascribe unto Allah partners. Say: Name them. Is it that ye would inform Him of something which He knoweth not in the earth? Or is it but a way of speaking? Nay but their contrivance is made seeming fair for those who disbelieve and they are kept from the right road. He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide.” (13:33) 00:12:05.259 --> 00:12:16.779 “Is He Who is aware of the deserts of every soul (as he who is aware of nothing)? Yet they ascribe unto Allah partners. Say: Name them. Is it that ye would inform Him of something which He knoweth not in the earth? Or is it but a way of speaking? Nay but their contrivance is made seeming fair for those who disbelieve and they are kept from the right road. He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide.” (13:33) 00:12:16.779 --> 00:12:29.820 “Is He Who is aware of the deserts of every soul (as he who is aware of nothing)? Yet they ascribe unto Allah partners. Say: Name them. Is it that ye would inform Him of something which He knoweth not in the earth? Or is it but a way of speaking? Nay but their contrivance is made seeming fair for those who disbelieve and they are kept from the right road. He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide.” (13:33) 00:12:29.820 --> 00:12:35.460 Is the Lord who sustains the provisions of all creation, 00:12:35.860 --> 00:12:43.059 And is All-Knowing of them and what they earn of deeds, like one who is perishing, who neither hears nor sees? 00:12:43.970 --> 00:12:52.289 They have set up partners for Me from My creation. Say to them, O Muhammad: "Name these whom you have associated—" 00:12:52.289 --> 00:13:00.990 In the worship of Allah; for if they say they are deities, they have lied, because there is no deity except the One. 00:13:01.950 --> 00:13:09.149 He has no partner. Do you inform Him that there are deities on earth, while there is no deity other than Him on earth, 00:13:09.149 --> 00:13:16.669 Nor in the heaven? Or is it merely a spoken claim that is heard, which in reality is false and has no validity? 00:13:16.669 --> 00:13:24.190 Allah has turned them away from His path because of their disbelief in Him; and whoever Allah leads astray from attaining the truth, 00:13:24.190 --> 00:13:29.470 By abandoning him, then there is no one to guide him to attain it. 00:13:31.460 --> 00:13:40.019 “For them is torment in the life of the world, and verily the doom of the Hereafter is more painful, and they have no defender from Allah.” (13:34) 00:13:40.019 --> 00:13:46.500 “For them is torment in the life of the world, and verily the doom of the Hereafter is more painful, and they have no defender from Allah.” (13:34) 00:13:48.000 --> 00:13:53.600 For these disbelievers is a punishment in the life of this world through killing and captivity, 00:13:53.600 --> 00:14:00.960 And the calamities that Allah inflicts upon them; and the punishment of Allah for them in the Hereafter 00:14:01.279 --> 00:14:04.799 Is more severe than His punishment of them in this world. 00:14:04.799 --> 00:14:11.679 And these disbelievers have no one to protect them from the punishment of Allah when He punishes them. 00:14:11.679 --> 00:14:17.870 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.