WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.200 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:05.169 --> 00:00:08.050 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.589 --> 00:00:12.710 Abridged by Dr. Aqil ibn Salim al-Shamr. 00:00:12.910 --> 00:00:16.030 Surah Taha. 00:00:18.500 --> 00:00:23.820 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:25.039 --> 00:00:33.920 “Thereof We created you, and thereunto We return you, and thence We bring you forth a second time.” (20:55) 00:00:35.179 --> 00:00:37.979 From the earth We created you, O people. 00:00:38.299 --> 00:00:43.020 And into it We shall return you after your death, turning you into dust. 00:00:43.579 --> 00:00:48.460 And from it We shall bring you forth, just as you were alive before your death. 00:00:48.780 --> 00:00:51.740 We shall bring you into existence from it once again. 00:00:52.899 --> 00:00:58.659 “And We verily did show him all Our tokens, but he denied them and refused.” (20:56) 00:01:00.030 --> 00:01:07.629 We showed Pharaoh Our signs and proofs regarding the truth of what We sent Our messengers, Musa and Harun, with. 00:01:08.109 --> 00:01:14.829 Yet he denied and refused to accept the truth that came to him from his Lord through Musa and Harun. 00:01:15.230 --> 00:01:17.230 Out of arrogance and insolence. 00:01:18.480 --> 00:01:24.480 “He said: Hast come to drive us out from our land by thy magic, O Moses?” (20:57) 00:01:24.799 --> 00:01:32.000 "We will surely bring you magic like it, so set a time between us and you." 00:01:32.319 --> 00:01:41.760 “But we surely can produce for thee magic the like thereof; so appoint a tryst between us and you, which neither we nor thou shall fail to keep, at a place convenient (to us both).” (20:58) 00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:51.379 Pharaoh said, "Have you come, O Musa, to drive us out of our homes and lands with this magic of yours that you have brought us?" 00:01:52.019 --> 00:01:54.500 "We will surely bring you magic like it." 00:01:55.250 --> 00:02:02.530 "So set a time between us and you, which we shall not fail, for us to bring magic like what you have brought." 00:02:02.930 --> 00:02:05.569 "And we shall see which of us overcomes the other." 00:02:06.049 --> 00:02:12.610 "We shall not break that appointment, neither we nor you, in a place fair to both of us." 00:02:13.939 --> 00:02:20.819 “(Moses) said: Your tryst shall be the day of the feast, and let the people assemble when the sun hath risen high.” (20:59) 00:02:21.219 --> 00:02:27.379 “Then Pharaoh went and gathered his strength, then came (to the appointed tryst).” (20:60) 00:02:28.689 --> 00:02:33.889 Musa said to Pharaoh, "Your time for the gathering is the Day of Adornment." 00:02:34.370 --> 00:02:39.490 This was a day of festival or a market where they used to adorn themselves. 00:02:40.340 --> 00:02:44.340 And that the people be gathered from every direction and quarter in the forenoon. 00:02:45.120 --> 00:02:48.639 That is the time for the gathering between me and you. 00:02:49.490 --> 00:02:53.330 Pharaoh turned away, rejecting the truth that had come to him. 00:02:53.969 --> 00:02:57.490 He gathered his plot, which was the gathering of his magicians. 00:02:58.129 --> 00:03:01.330 Then he came to the appointment he had made with Musa. 00:03:01.729 --> 00:03:03.330 And he brought his magicians. 00:03:05.060 --> 00:03:14.020 “Moses said unto them: Woe unto you! Invent not a lie against Allah, lest He extirpate you by some punishment. He who lieth faileth miserably.” (20:61) 00:03:14.419 --> 00:03:16.900 “Moses said unto them: Woe unto you! Invent not a lie against Allah, lest He extirpate you by some punishment. He who lieth faileth miserably.” (20:61) 00:03:18.379 --> 00:03:21.819 Musa said to the magicians when Pharaoh brought them. 00:03:22.379 --> 00:03:27.259 "Woe to you! Do not fabricate a lie against Allah, nor invent falsehood." 00:03:27.819 --> 00:03:30.780 "Lest He destroy you with it, or annihilate you." 00:03:31.419 --> 00:03:35.580 For whoever fabricates a lie and speaks through that falsehood will not succeed. 00:03:35.979 --> 00:03:39.900 In the need he sought to fulfill or the hope of attaining it through that lie. 00:03:41.729 --> 00:03:48.129 So they disputed their affair among themselves and held secret counsel. 00:03:48.610 --> 00:03:56.449 “They said: Lo! these are two wizards who would drive you out from your country by their magic, and destroy your best traditions;” (20:63) 00:03:56.930 --> 00:04:06.610 “They said: Lo! these are two wizards who would drive you out from your country by their magic, and destroy your best traditions;” (20:63) 00:04:08.259 --> 00:04:12.819 The magicians disputed their affair among themselves, as some said to others. 00:04:13.569 --> 00:04:15.810 "This speech is not the speech of a magician." 00:04:16.449 --> 00:04:17.649 And some of them said. 00:04:18.290 --> 00:04:24.769 "If this man is a magician, we will surely overcome him; but if he is from heaven, then he has a mission." 00:04:25.490 --> 00:04:31.329 The magicians whispered among themselves that Musa and Harun were indeed magicians. 00:04:32.050 --> 00:04:39.089 "They intend to drive you out of your land with their magic and overcome your leaders and nobles." 00:04:40.879 --> 00:04:45.680 “So arrange your plan, and come in battle line. Whoso is uppermost this day will be indeed successful.” (20:64) 00:04:46.000 --> 00:04:49.439 "And he who gains the upper hand today has surely succeeded." 00:04:51.120 --> 00:04:56.240 "So perfect your plot and resolve upon it, then come forward and stand in a row." 00:04:57.040 --> 00:05:02.240 "For he who overcomes his opponent today has attained his goal." 00:05:04.300 --> 00:05:12.620 “They said: O Moses! Either throw first, or let us be the first to throw?” (20:65) 00:05:13.180 --> 00:05:23.339 “He said: Nay, do ye throw! Then lo! their cords and their staves, by their magic, appeared to him as though they ran.” (20:66) 00:05:25.040 --> 00:05:30.399 They said to Musa, "O Musa, choose one of these two options." 00:05:31.199 --> 00:05:36.079 "Either you cast first, or we shall be the first to cast." 00:05:36.939 --> 00:05:41.740 Musa said to the magicians, "Nay, you cast what you have before me." 00:05:42.379 --> 00:05:45.339 So they cast what they had of ropes and staffs. 00:05:46.060 --> 00:05:51.660 “He said: Nay, do ye throw! Then lo! their cords and their staves, by their magic, appeared to him as though they ran.” (20:66) 00:05:53.360 --> 00:05:58.079 “And Moses conceived a fear in his mind.” (20:67) 00:05:58.560 --> 00:06:04.480 “We said: Fear not! Lo! thou art the higher.” (20:68) 00:06:04.879 --> 00:06:13.360 "And cast what is in your right hand; it will swallow up what they have made, for what they have made is but the trick of a magician." 00:06:13.759 --> 00:06:17.360 “Throw that which is in thy right hand! It will eat up that which they have made. Lo! that which they have made is but a wizard's artifice, and a wizard shall not be successful to whatever point (of skill) he may attain.” (20:69) 00:06:18.779 --> 00:06:21.259 Musa felt fear within himself. 00:06:21.980 --> 00:06:26.699 We said to Musa, when he felt fear within himself, "Do not fear." 00:06:27.420 --> 00:06:34.139 "You are the superior one over these magicians, and over Pharaoh and his army, and you are the one who will conquer them." 00:06:34.779 --> 00:06:43.180 "And cast your staff; it will swallow up their ropes and staffs which they have bewitched so that it seemed to you that they were moving." 00:06:43.819 --> 00:06:47.259 Meaning that what they did was the trickery of a magician. 00:06:47.819 --> 00:06:51.899 And a magician will not succeed with his magic, wherever he may be. 00:06:53.490 --> 00:06:56.449 So the magicians fell down in prostration. 00:06:56.449 --> 00:07:01.569 “Then the wizards were (all) flung down prostrate, crying: We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses.” (20:70) 00:07:02.050 --> 00:07:12.209 He said, "You believed him before I gave you permission? He is indeed your leader who taught you magic." 00:07:12.209 --> 00:07:27.970 “(Pharaoh) said: Ye put faith in him before I give you leave. Lo! he is your chief who taught you magic. Now surely I shall cut off your hands and your feet alternately, and I shall crucify you on the trunks of palm trees, and ye shall know for certain which of us hath sterner and more lasting punishment.” (20:71) 00:07:27.970 --> 00:07:33.970 “(Pharaoh) said: Ye put faith in him before I give you leave. Lo! he is your chief who taught you magic. Now surely I shall cut off your hands and your feet alternately, and I shall crucify you on the trunks of palm trees, and ye shall know for certain which of us hath sterner and more lasting punishment.” (20:71) 00:07:35.660 --> 00:07:39.579 Musa cast his staff, and it swallowed up what they had made. 00:07:40.220 --> 00:07:42.139 So the magicians fell down in prostration. 00:07:42.779 --> 00:07:46.060 “Then the wizards were (all) flung down prostrate, crying: We believe in the Lord of Aaron and Moses.” (20:70) 00:07:46.860 --> 00:07:48.620 Pharaoh said to the magicians. 00:07:49.259 --> 00:07:55.420 "Did you believe and acknowledge Musa in what he called you to before I permitted you to do so?" 00:07:55.980 --> 00:07:59.339 "He is indeed your leader who taught you magic." 00:07:59.899 --> 00:08:04.699 "I will surely cut off your hands and feet on opposite sides." 00:08:05.339 --> 00:08:08.939 That is, to cut off the right hand and the left foot. 00:08:09.420 --> 00:08:11.819 Or the left hand and the right foot. 00:08:12.379 --> 00:08:15.100 "And I will surely crucify you on the trunks of palm trees." 00:08:15.660 --> 00:08:20.860 "And you shall surely know, O magicians, which of us is more severe in punishment and more lasting." 00:08:21.259 --> 00:08:22.779 "Me or Musa?" 00:08:24.480 --> 00:08:33.679 “They said: We choose thee not above the clear proofs that have come unto us, and above Him Who created us. So decree what thou wilt decree. Thou wilt end for us only this life of the world.” (20:72) 00:08:34.240 --> 00:08:37.440 "So decree whatever you are going to decree." 00:08:38.240 --> 00:08:43.279 “They said: We choose thee not above the clear proofs that have come unto us, and above Him Who created us. So decree what thou wilt decree. Thou wilt end for us only this life of the world.” (20:72) 00:08:43.840 --> 00:08:51.120 "Indeed, we have believed in our Lord so that He may forgive us our sins." 00:08:51.600 --> 00:08:58.000 “Lo! we believe in our Lord, that He may forgive us our sins and the magic unto which thou didst force us. Allah is better and more lasting.” (20:73) 00:08:58.480 --> 00:09:02.480 "And Allah is better and more lasting." 00:09:04.019 --> 00:09:04.980 The magicians said. 00:09:05.539 --> 00:09:10.500 "We will not prefer you over the clear signs that have come to us and over Him who created us." 00:09:10.980 --> 00:09:15.059 "So do whatever you are going to do; carry out against us whatever you wish." 00:09:15.600 --> 00:09:17.279 The meaning of the statement may be interpreted as follows. 00:09:17.759 --> 00:09:21.759 “They said: We choose thee not above the clear proofs that have come unto us, and above Him Who created us. So decree what thou wilt decree. Thou wilt end for us only this life of the world.” (20:72) 00:09:22.320 --> 00:09:27.360 "You can only punish us in this worldly life, which will come to an end." 00:09:28.000 --> 00:09:30.559 "We have acknowledged the oneness of our Lord." 00:09:31.039 --> 00:09:33.519 "And we have believed in His promise and His warning." 00:09:34.080 --> 00:09:37.600 "So that He may pardon our sins and conceal them for us." 00:09:38.240 --> 00:09:42.879 "And forgive us for the magic we learned and practiced." 00:09:43.360 --> 00:09:46.720 "Which you compelled us to learn and practice." 00:09:47.580 --> 00:09:51.419 "And Allah is better than you, O Pharaoh, in reward for those who obey Him." 00:09:51.980 --> 00:09:55.259 "And more lasting in punishment for those who disobey Him and oppose His command." 00:10:08.980 --> 00:10:13.139 "Indeed, he will neither die therein nor live." 00:10:13.779 --> 00:10:23.539 “But whoso cometh unto Him a believer, having done good works, for such are the high stations;” (20:75) 00:10:25.419 --> 00:10:29.580 The Almighty says, informing us of what the magicians said to Pharaoh. 00:10:30.379 --> 00:10:34.299 That whoever comes to his Lord from among His creation having acquired disbelief in Him. 00:10:34.940 --> 00:10:37.740 Then for him is Hell as a dwelling and a residence. 00:10:38.299 --> 00:10:43.179 As a recompense for his disbelief; he will not die therein so that his soul may depart. 00:10:43.659 --> 00:10:48.139 Nor will he live so that his soul may find rest and peace in its abode. 00:10:48.779 --> 00:10:51.980 But it will be suspended in their throats. 00:10:52.799 --> 00:10:56.399 And whoever comes to his Lord as a monotheist, not associating anything with Him. 00:10:56.960 --> 00:11:01.440 Having acted upon what his Lord commanded him and refrained from what He forbade him. 00:11:02.000 --> 00:11:05.919 Those are the ones for whom are the high degrees of Paradise. 00:11:08.830 --> 00:11:15.389 Gardens of Eden, beneath which rivers flow, abiding therein forever. 00:11:16.190 --> 00:11:20.830 And that is the reward for those who purify themselves. 00:11:22.740 --> 00:11:25.620 Then He described those high degrees, saying. 00:11:26.500 --> 00:11:30.419 They are gardens of permanent residence, with no departure from them and no end. 00:11:31.139 --> 00:11:33.460 Beneath their trees, rivers flow. 00:11:34.340 --> 00:11:37.940 Remaining therein forever, without a limited end. 00:11:40.110 --> 00:11:44.590 “And verily We inspired Moses, saying: Take away My slaves by night and strike for them a dry path in the sea, fearing not to be overtaken, neither being afraid (of the sea).” (20:77) 00:11:45.070 --> 00:11:49.389 “And verily We inspired Moses, saying: Take away My slaves by night and strike for them a dry path in the sea, fearing not to be overtaken, neither being afraid (of the sea).” (20:77) 00:11:49.870 --> 00:11:53.549 “And verily We inspired Moses, saying: Take away My slaves by night and strike for them a dry path in the sea, fearing not to be overtaken, neither being afraid (of the sea).” (20:77) 00:11:54.029 --> 00:11:58.110 "Neither fearing being overtaken nor being afraid." 00:11:59.600 --> 00:12:02.080 And We revealed to Our Prophet Musa. 00:12:02.559 --> 00:12:07.360 When We followed up the proofs against Pharaoh for him, but he refused to respond to the command of his Lord. 00:12:08.159 --> 00:12:11.519 "Travel by night with My servants, the Children of Israel." 00:12:12.159 --> 00:12:15.120 "And strike for them a dry path in the sea." 00:12:15.759 --> 00:12:20.000 "Do not fear Pharaoh and his armies overtaking you from behind." 00:12:20.639 --> 00:12:24.240 "And do not fear drowning or mud from before you." 00:12:25.409 --> 00:12:33.250 “Then Pharaoh followed them with his hosts and there covered them that which did cover them of the sea.” (20:78) 00:12:33.730 --> 00:12:37.490 Pharaoh led his people astray and did not guide them. 00:12:39.120 --> 00:12:41.679 So Musa traveled by night with the Children of Israel. 00:12:42.240 --> 00:12:45.840 Pharaoh pursued them with his armies when they had crossed the sea. 00:12:46.399 --> 00:12:49.919 Then there covered Pharaoh and his army from the sea what covered them. 00:12:50.399 --> 00:12:51.840 And they all drowned. 00:12:52.320 --> 00:12:55.519 Pharaoh led his people away from the straight path. 00:12:55.919 --> 00:12:58.240 And he took them on a path other than the right one. 00:12:58.720 --> 00:13:03.679 This is because he forbade them from following the Messenger of Allah, Musa, and they obeyed him. 00:13:04.159 --> 00:13:05.759 So he did not guide them by his command. 00:13:05.759 --> 00:13:08.960 And they were not guided by following him. 00:13:36.909 --> 00:13:39.789 When Musa was saved with his people from the sea. 00:13:40.110 --> 00:13:43.710 And there covered Pharaoh and his people from the sea what covered them. 00:13:44.269 --> 00:13:45.950 We said to the people of Musa. 00:13:47.059 --> 00:13:48.580 "O Children of Israel." 00:13:49.059 --> 00:13:51.860 "We have saved you from your enemy, Pharaoh." 00:13:52.340 --> 00:13:55.059 “O Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and we made a covenant with you on the holy mountain's side, and sent down on you the manna and the quails,” (20:80) 00:13:55.620 --> 00:13:58.179 And We sent down to you the Manna. 00:13:58.659 --> 00:14:01.779 And We saved you from your enemy, Pharaoh. 00:14:02.340 --> 00:14:05.139 And We saved you from your enemy, Pharaoh. 00:14:05.299 --> 00:14:08.100 “O Children of Israel! We delivered you from your enemy, and we made a covenant with you on the holy mountain's side, and sent down on you the manna and the quails,” (20:80) 00:14:08.659 --> 00:14:13.220 "Eat, O Children of Israel, of the good things of Our provision which We have provided for you." 00:14:13.779 --> 00:14:16.340 "And the lawful things which We have made pure for you." 00:14:16.659 --> 00:14:18.019 "And do not transgress therein." 00:14:18.740 --> 00:14:21.139 "And let not some of you oppress others therein." 00:14:21.379 --> 00:14:23.379 "Lest My punishment descend upon you." 00:14:23.860 --> 00:14:26.659 And whoever incurs My wrath, it shall descend upon him. 00:14:27.059 --> 00:14:29.059 He has indeed fallen into ruin and misery. 00:14:36.740 --> 00:14:38.740 "And he who does righteous deeds." 00:14:39.139 --> 00:14:43.860 "And does righteous deeds, then is guided." 00:14:45.090 --> 00:14:49.809 "And indeed, I am the Forgiver for whoever repents from his polytheism and devotes his worship to Me." 00:14:50.289 --> 00:14:53.009 "And does not associate anyone in his worship of Me." 00:14:53.730 --> 00:14:58.049 "And performs the obligations I have imposed upon him and avoids the sins." 00:14:58.690 --> 00:15:00.929 "Then adheres to that and remains steadfast." 00:15:01.250 --> 00:15:03.250 "And does not neglect any part of it." 00:15:05.980 --> 00:15:08.460 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:15:08.779 --> 00:15:10.779 And does not neglect any part of it.