WEBVTT 00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:09.779 Riyadh al-Salihin from the words of the Master of the Messengers, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:09.779 --> 00:00:16.980 The Book of Travel Etiquette. 00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:19.980 Chapter: The Desirability of Departing on a Thursday. 00:00:19.980 --> 00:00:22.980 And the desirability of departing early in the day. 00:00:22.980 --> 00:00:27.289 On the authority of Ka‘b ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:00:27.289 --> 00:00:30.289 that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, 00:00:30.289 --> 00:00:33.289 departed for the expedition of Tabuk on a Thursday. 00:00:33.289 --> 00:00:36.289 He used to love to depart on a Thursday. 00:00:36.289 --> 00:00:38.289 Agreed upon. 00:00:38.289 --> 00:00:41.380 In a narration in the two Sahihs: 00:00:41.380 --> 00:00:48.380 "Rarely would the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, depart except on a Thursday." 00:00:48.380 --> 00:00:52.250 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:00:52.250 --> 00:00:56.280 The desirability of a traveler departing on a Thursday. 00:00:56.280 --> 00:01:02.399 On the authority of Sakhr ibn Wada‘ah al-Ghamidi, the Companion, may Allah be pleased with him, 00:01:02.399 --> 00:01:06.400 that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:01:06.400 --> 00:01:10.430 "O Allah, bless my Ummah in its early morning." 00:01:10.430 --> 00:01:13.560 Whenever he sent out a detachment or an army, 00:01:13.560 --> 00:01:16.560 he would send them at the beginning of the day. 00:01:16.560 --> 00:01:19.560 Sakhr was a merchant, 00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:22.560 so he would send his trade at the beginning of the day, 00:01:22.560 --> 00:01:25.560 and he became wealthy and his wealth increased. 00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:28.659 Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi. 00:01:28.659 --> 00:01:32.519 The "early morning" (bukur) is the beginning of the day. 00:01:32.519 --> 00:01:36.260 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:01:36.260 --> 00:01:39.420 Some times are superior to others. 00:01:39.420 --> 00:01:43.670 The best and most blessed of times is the beginning of the day. 00:01:43.670 --> 00:01:50.090 It is recommended to seek the blessed time of the day to attain blessing in it. 00:01:50.090 --> 00:01:55.709 Chapter: The Desirability of Seeking Companionship, 00:01:55.709 --> 00:01:59.709 and appointing one of them as a leader whom they obey. 00:01:59.709 --> 00:02:04.469 On the authority of Ibn ‘Umar, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:02:05.469 --> 00:02:09.469 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:02:09.469 --> 00:02:13.469 "If people knew what I know about being alone, 00:02:13.469 --> 00:02:17.599 no rider would travel at night alone." 00:02:17.599 --> 00:02:19.599 Narrated by al-Bukhari. 00:02:19.599 --> 00:02:23.530 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:02:23.530 --> 00:02:26.530 The prohibition against traveling alone. 00:02:26.530 --> 00:02:30.530 Because if people knew what the Prophet, peace be upon him, knew 00:02:30.530 --> 00:02:33.530 of the harm in traveling alone, 00:02:33.530 --> 00:02:37.099 they would not travel by night or by day. 00:02:37.099 --> 00:02:42.099 Being alone carries great harm that befalls the servant during his journey. 00:02:42.099 --> 00:02:47.099 He finds no helper on his path if he falls ill or encounters a threat. 00:02:47.099 --> 00:02:53.520 Mentioning the night indicates that the probability of harm occurring is greater. 00:02:53.520 --> 00:03:00.699 On the authority of ‘Amr ibn Shu‘ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:03:00.699 --> 00:03:04.699 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:03:04.699 --> 00:03:06.699 "One rider is a devil, 00:03:06.699 --> 00:03:09.699 two riders are two devils, 00:03:09.699 --> 00:03:11.860 and three are a caravan." 00:03:11.860 --> 00:03:15.860 Narrated by Abu Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, and al-Nasa’i. 00:03:15.860 --> 00:03:20.080 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:03:20.080 --> 00:03:24.400 The one who is alone in his travel is accompanied by a devil. 00:03:24.400 --> 00:03:29.400 Being alone and traveling by oneself on the earth is an act of the devil. 00:03:29.400 --> 00:03:33.879 It is something the devil encourages and calls toward. 00:03:33.879 --> 00:03:37.879 The devil stays away from a group and does not approach them, 00:03:37.879 --> 00:03:40.879 because of their mutual support and solidarity, 00:03:40.879 --> 00:03:42.879 their carrying for one another, 00:03:42.879 --> 00:03:45.879 their reminding one another, 00:03:45.879 --> 00:03:50.900 and their repelling any harm that might befall one of them. 00:03:50.900 --> 00:03:55.900 On the authority of Abu Sa‘id and Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:03:55.900 --> 00:03:59.900 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:03:59.900 --> 00:04:02.900 "If three go out on a journey, 00:04:02.900 --> 00:04:06.030 let them appoint one of them as their leader." 00:04:06.030 --> 00:04:09.500 Narrated by Abu Dawud. 00:04:09.500 --> 00:04:12.050 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:04:12.050 --> 00:04:15.050 It is necessary to appoint a leader during travel, 00:04:15.050 --> 00:04:19.050 because he resolves any problem they encounter 00:04:19.050 --> 00:04:22.050 by having them refer to him and follow his opinion. 00:04:22.050 --> 00:04:26.689 The leader is responsible for looking after the interests of the travelers 00:04:26.689 --> 00:04:30.069 and warding off harm from them. 00:04:30.069 --> 00:04:33.069 The leadership of travel is not the same as the leadership of the Caliph, 00:04:33.069 --> 00:04:36.490 or those appointed by the Caliph. 00:04:36.490 --> 00:04:41.800 The leadership of travel ends with the end of the journey. 00:04:41.800 --> 00:04:44.800 On the authority of Ibn ‘Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them both, 00:04:44.800 --> 00:04:48.800 from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: 00:04:48.800 --> 00:04:50.800 "The best of companions are four, 00:04:50.800 --> 00:04:53.800 the best of detachments are four hundred, 00:04:53.800 --> 00:04:57.800 and the best of armies are four thousand; 00:04:57.800 --> 00:05:01.959 and twelve thousand will not be defeated due to a small number." 00:05:01.959 --> 00:05:04.959 Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi. 00:05:04.959 --> 00:05:08.629 "Companions" means associates. 00:05:08.629 --> 00:05:12.759 "Detachments" (saraya) are parts of an army. 00:05:12.759 --> 00:05:16.750 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:05:16.750 --> 00:05:19.750 A statement that the best of companions are four, 00:05:19.750 --> 00:05:24.069 because they suffice for the intended purpose in residence and travel. 00:05:24.069 --> 00:05:28.360 A statement that the best of detachments are four hundred men. 00:05:28.360 --> 00:05:32.740 The best of armies are four thousand soldiers. 00:05:32.740 --> 00:05:35.740 If an army reaches twelve thousand and is defeated, 00:05:35.740 --> 00:05:39.740 the cause of its defeat is not the smallness of its number, 00:05:39.740 --> 00:05:41.740 but another reason: 00:05:41.740 --> 00:05:43.740 either because of the weakness of their faith, 00:05:43.740 --> 00:05:46.740 or because they were deluded by themselves, 00:05:46.740 --> 00:05:49.740 or because they committed sins, 00:05:49.740 --> 00:05:51.740 or because of their lack of sincerity, 00:05:51.740 --> 00:05:58.459 or other matters that prevent victory. 00:05:58.459 --> 00:06:03.459 Chapter: Etiquette of Traveling, Stopping, Staying Overnight, and Sleeping during Travel, 00:06:03.459 --> 00:06:05.459 and the desirability of traveling by night, 00:06:05.459 --> 00:06:09.459 being kind to animals and considering their well-being, 00:06:09.459 --> 00:06:12.459 and the permissibility of riding double on an animal 00:06:12.459 --> 00:06:14.459 if it can bear it, 00:06:14.459 --> 00:06:20.620 and the command for one who neglects its rights to fulfill them. 00:06:20.620 --> 00:06:23.620 On the authority of Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:06:23.620 --> 00:06:27.620 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:06:27.620 --> 00:06:30.620 "If you travel in a fertile land, 00:06:30.620 --> 00:06:33.620 give the camels their share of the earth [to graze]. 00:06:33.620 --> 00:06:35.620 If you travel in a barren land, 00:06:35.620 --> 00:06:37.620 hasten the journey with them, 00:06:37.620 --> 00:06:40.620 and reach your destination before they lose their marrow. 00:06:40.620 --> 00:06:42.620 And if you stop for the night (ta‘arras), 00:06:42.620 --> 00:06:44.620 avoid the road, 00:06:44.620 --> 00:06:49.740 for it is the path of animals and the shelter of vermin at night." 00:06:49.740 --> 00:06:51.970 Narrated by Muslim. 00:06:51.970 --> 00:06:54.970 The meaning of "give the camels their share of the earth": 00:06:54.970 --> 00:06:56.970 That is, be gentle with them in travel 00:06:56.970 --> 00:07:00.100 so they may graze while they walk. 00:07:00.100 --> 00:07:03.100 His saying "their marrow" (naqiyaha) refers to the marrow. 00:07:03.100 --> 00:07:05.100 It means: hasten with them 00:07:05.100 --> 00:07:07.100 until you reach the destination 00:07:07.100 --> 00:07:10.100 before their marrow is depleted from the hardship of the journey. 00:07:10.100 --> 00:07:12.160 "Ta‘ris" (stopping for the night) 00:07:12.160 --> 00:07:14.160 is stopping during the night. 00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:18.060 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:07:18.060 --> 00:07:22.279 One should give animals their right to food and pasture, 00:07:22.279 --> 00:07:24.279 and not prevent them from it. 00:07:24.279 --> 00:07:27.730 Islam encourages kindness to animals. 00:07:27.730 --> 00:07:32.269 It teaches the traveler how to travel. 00:07:32.269 --> 00:07:35.269 If he travels in a fertile land, 00:07:35.269 --> 00:07:39.269 he should let the animal eat and graze to gain strength. 00:07:39.269 --> 00:07:41.269 If he travels in a barren land, 00:07:41.269 --> 00:07:44.269 he should hasten until he reaches his destination with it 00:07:44.269 --> 00:07:47.269 before it tires from the hardship of the journey. 00:07:47.269 --> 00:07:49.529 The prohibition against harming others 00:07:49.529 --> 00:07:53.529 by staying overnight on their path and blocking them from passing. 00:07:53.529 --> 00:07:57.069 Warding off harm from the traveler 00:07:57.069 --> 00:08:02.069 by informing him about the paths of vermin and animals at night. 00:08:02.069 --> 00:08:07.220 On the authority of Abu Qatadah, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:08:07.220 --> 00:08:10.220 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:08:10.220 --> 00:08:12.220 when he was on a journey 00:08:12.220 --> 00:08:14.220 and stopped for the night, 00:08:14.220 --> 00:08:16.220 he would lie on his right side. 00:08:16.220 --> 00:08:19.220 And if he stopped shortly before dawn, 00:08:19.220 --> 00:08:23.220 he would prop up his forearm and place his head on his palm. 00:08:23.220 --> 00:08:25.290 Narrated by Muslim. 00:08:25.290 --> 00:08:27.420 The scholars said: 00:08:27.420 --> 00:08:29.420 He only propped up his forearm 00:08:29.420 --> 00:08:31.420 so that he would not fall into a deep sleep, 00:08:31.420 --> 00:08:34.419 causing the dawn prayer to pass its time, 00:08:34.419 --> 00:08:37.419 or the beginning of its time. 00:08:37.419 --> 00:08:40.059 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:08:40.059 --> 00:08:44.250 A statement of the correct posture for sleeping. 00:08:44.250 --> 00:08:47.730 The superiority of the right side over others. 00:08:47.730 --> 00:08:54.179 The desirability of lying down after the Sunnah of Fajr and before the obligatory prayer. 00:08:54.179 --> 00:08:57.590 The concern of the Messenger, peace be upon him, 00:08:57.590 --> 00:09:00.590 for performing the prayer on time. 00:09:00.590 --> 00:09:04.590 That is why he would prop up his forearm when lying down, 00:09:04.590 --> 00:09:06.590 so that he would not fall into a deep sleep, 00:09:06.590 --> 00:09:09.590 causing him to miss the Fajr prayer. 00:09:09.590 --> 00:09:13.549 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:09:13.549 --> 00:09:17.549 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:09:17.549 --> 00:09:19.549 "You should travel by night (al-duljah), 00:09:19.549 --> 00:09:22.549 for the earth is traversed by night." 00:09:22.549 --> 00:09:25.580 Narrated by Abu Dawud. 00:09:25.580 --> 00:09:26.620 "Al-Duljah" 00:09:26.620 --> 00:09:28.620 means traveling at night. 00:09:28.620 --> 00:09:31.960 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:09:31.960 --> 00:09:35.309 The desirability of traveling at night, 00:09:35.309 --> 00:09:38.309 because it is more restful for the traveler and his animal. 00:09:38.309 --> 00:09:43.309 Therefore, he does not feel the length of the distance or the fatigue of the journey, 00:09:43.309 --> 00:09:47.309 as if the earth were folded and the distances shortened. 00:09:47.309 --> 00:09:53.559 On the authority of Abu Tha‘labah al-Khushani, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:09:53.559 --> 00:09:56.590 When the people stopped at a place, 00:09:56.590 --> 00:09:59.590 they would scatter into the mountain passes and valleys. 00:09:59.590 --> 00:10:03.690 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 00:10:03.690 --> 00:10:07.690 "Your scattering in these mountain passes and valleys 00:10:07.690 --> 00:10:10.690 is only from the devil." 00:10:10.690 --> 00:10:13.690 After that, they would not stop at a place 00:10:13.690 --> 00:10:16.690 except that they would draw close to one another. 00:10:16.690 --> 00:10:19.850 Narrated by Abu Dawud. 00:10:19.850 --> 00:10:23.620 "Mountain passes" (shi‘ab) is the plural of "shi‘b," 00:10:23.620 --> 00:10:25.620 which is a path in a mountain. 00:10:25.620 --> 00:10:28.710 "Valleys" (awdiyah) is the plural of "wadi," 00:10:28.710 --> 00:10:32.710 which is any opening between mountains or hills 00:10:32.710 --> 00:10:35.710 that serves as a passage for travel. 00:10:35.710 --> 00:10:38.899 From the benefits of the hadith: 00:10:38.899 --> 00:10:43.059 Separation occurs due to the whispers of the devil. 00:10:43.059 --> 00:10:47.570 The purpose of companionship is to repel what one encounters during travel, 00:10:47.570 --> 00:10:49.570 and to assist with its hardships. 00:10:49.570 --> 00:10:52.570 Separation prevents that. 00:10:52.570 --> 00:10:56.139 The Shari‘ah’s concern for the gathering of bodies, 00:10:56.139 --> 00:11:00.139 because that is more conducive to unity and showing strength. 00:11:00.139 --> 00:11:04.559 A statement of the speed with which the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, responded 00:11:04.559 --> 00:11:08.559 to carry out the command of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:11:08.559 --> 00:11:13.559 because in it lies their honor, life, and dignity. 00:11:13.559 --> 00:11:16.649 On the authority of Sahl ibn ‘Amr, 00:11:16.649 --> 00:11:20.649 and it is said Sahl ibn al-Rabi‘ ibn ‘Amr al-Ansari, 00:11:20.649 --> 00:11:23.649 known as Ibn al-Hanzaliyyah, 00:11:23.649 --> 00:11:28.649 and he is one of the people of the Pledge of Ridwan, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:11:28.649 --> 00:11:33.649 The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed by a camel 00:11:33.649 --> 00:11:36.649 whose back had shrunk to its belly [due to hunger/exhaustion]. 00:11:36.649 --> 00:11:37.649 He said: 00:11:37.649 --> 00:11:41.649 Fear Allah regarding these speechless beasts. 00:11:41.649 --> 00:11:46.779 Ride them when they are fit, and eat them when they are fit. 00:11:46.779 --> 00:11:48.779 It was recorded by Abu Dawud. 00:11:48.779 --> 00:11:52.580 "Speechless" (al-mu'jamah) refers to the dumb animal (al-'ajma'). 00:11:52.580 --> 00:11:55.580 That is, the one that cannot speak. 00:11:55.580 --> 00:11:59.409 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:11:59.409 --> 00:12:02.820 The obligation of kindness toward animals. 00:12:02.820 --> 00:12:04.820 The obligation of treating animals well. 00:12:04.820 --> 00:12:12.909 So that one may also be able to use them in a manner that does not involve injustice toward them. 00:12:12.909 --> 00:12:18.909 On the authority of Abu Ja'far 'Abdullah ibn Ja'far, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: 00:12:18.909 --> 00:12:23.909 The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, had me ride behind him one day. 00:12:23.909 --> 00:12:29.909 He whispered a secret to me that I would not disclose to anyone. 00:12:29.909 --> 00:12:35.909 The things the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, preferred to use for concealment when answering the call of nature, 00:12:35.909 --> 00:12:38.909 Were a mound or a grove of date palms. 00:12:38.909 --> 00:12:40.909 Meaning a wall of date palms. 00:12:40.909 --> 00:12:44.980 Muslim recorded it in this abridged form. 00:12:44.980 --> 00:12:48.980 Al-Barqani added to it, with the chain of narration of Muslim, after his words: 00:12:48.980 --> 00:12:50.980 "A grove of date palms," 00:12:50.980 --> 00:12:54.980 That he entered a garden belonging to a man from the Ansar. 00:12:54.980 --> 00:12:56.980 There was a camel in it. 00:12:56.980 --> 00:13:03.980 When it saw the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, it groaned and its eyes shed tears. 00:13:03.980 --> 00:13:07.980 The Prophet, peace be upon him, went to it. 00:13:07.980 --> 00:13:11.980 He wiped its hump—that is, its back and the area behind its ears. 00:13:11.980 --> 00:13:13.980 It calmed down. 00:13:13.980 --> 00:13:19.980 He then asked, "Who is the owner of this camel? To whom does this camel belong?" 00:13:19.980 --> 00:13:26.009 A young man from the Ansar came and said, "It is mine, O Messenger of Allah." 00:13:26.009 --> 00:13:33.009 He said, "Do you not fear Allah regarding this beast that Allah has placed in your possession? 00:13:33.009 --> 00:13:38.009 It is complaining to me that you keep it hungry and exhaust it." 00:13:38.009 --> 00:13:42.259 Abu Dawud also recorded it like the narration of al-Barqani. 00:13:42.259 --> 00:13:47.580 His word "dhafrah" is a feminine singular noun. 00:13:47.580 --> 00:13:54.580 Linguists say the "dhafrah" is the place behind the ear of a camel where it sweats. 00:13:54.580 --> 00:13:58.580 His word "tud'ibuhu" means you exhaust it. 00:13:58.580 --> 00:14:04.259 "The things the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, preferred to use for concealment," 00:14:04.259 --> 00:14:09.259 Means he used them to screen himself from the eyes of people when answering the call of nature. 00:14:09.259 --> 00:14:12.480 "Jarjara" means it made a sound. 00:14:12.480 --> 00:14:17.509 "Its eyes shed tears" means its eyes flowed with tears. 00:14:17.509 --> 00:14:21.309 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:14:21.309 --> 00:14:24.470 The permissibility of having someone ride behind one on a mount. 00:14:24.470 --> 00:14:27.470 Whoever has extra space on their mount, 00:14:27.470 --> 00:14:30.470 Should assist someone who has no mount. 00:14:30.470 --> 00:14:34.980 Carrying two people on a mount is not an injustice to it. 00:14:34.980 --> 00:14:39.429 The permissibility of singling out certain people with a secret to the exclusion of others. 00:14:39.429 --> 00:14:43.429 And the permissibility of not informing anyone else about this secret. 00:14:43.429 --> 00:14:48.429 However, it should be known that this is specific to him, 00:14:48.429 --> 00:14:51.429 And no legal ruling (fiqh) is to be based upon it. 00:14:51.429 --> 00:14:56.429 Because matters that involve legal rulings may not be hidden or kept undisclosed. 00:14:56.429 --> 00:15:01.820 The recommendation to be extremely careful in covering one's private parts when answering the call of nature. 00:15:01.820 --> 00:15:07.330 A miracle among the miracles of the Prophet, peace be upon him. 00:15:07.330 --> 00:15:09.330 Which is the camel complaining to him. 00:15:09.330 --> 00:15:13.679 Not giving an animal its due share of food, 00:15:13.679 --> 00:15:16.029 Is an injustice toward it. 00:15:16.029 --> 00:15:21.029 Establishing that animals have feelings, pain, and sensations. 00:15:21.029 --> 00:15:26.419 The recognition of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, by animals. 00:15:26.419 --> 00:15:31.740 The Shari'ah stands for justice and fairness toward every living being. 00:15:31.740 --> 00:15:35.950 On the authority of Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: 00:15:35.950 --> 00:15:38.950 When we would stop at a place, 00:15:38.950 --> 00:15:42.950 We would not perform voluntary prayers until we had unloaded the baggage. 00:15:42.950 --> 00:15:47.049 It was recorded by Abu Dawud with a chain of narration meeting the criteria of Muslim. 00:15:47.049 --> 00:15:49.049 His words "we would not perform voluntary prayers," 00:15:49.049 --> 00:15:52.049 Mean we would not perform the optional prayer. 00:15:52.049 --> 00:15:54.049 The meaning is, 00:15:54.049 --> 00:15:56.049 That despite our eagerness for prayer, 00:15:56.049 --> 00:16:01.049 We would not prioritize it over unloading the baggage and resting the animals. 00:16:01.049 --> 00:16:05.070 Among the benefits of this hadith: 00:16:05.070 --> 00:16:07.070 Part of complete rest, 00:16:07.070 --> 00:16:11.299 Is removing the saddles from the animals upon stopping. 00:16:11.299 --> 00:16:18.299 The eagerness of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, to implement the instructions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 00:16:18.299 --> 00:16:21.620 Regarding kindness toward animals. 00:16:21.620 --> 00:16:23.620 The eagerness of a Muslim for what benefits him, 00:16:23.620 --> 00:16:26.620 Especially during his travels. 00:16:26.620 --> 00:16:29.620 Therefore, one should rest the animals. 00:16:30.740 --> 00:16:34.740 Riyadh al-Salihin.