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A summary of the concepts held by the Ahl al-Sunnah.

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Regarding the balance between pardon and retribution.

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Allah the Almighty says:

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"The recompense for an evil deed is an evil equivalent thereto."

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It should be understood that one who defends himself without exceeding the bounds or committing aggression,

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is permitted to do so.

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There is no blame, reproach, or punishment upon him for that.

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As Allah the Almighty says:

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“And whoso defendeth himself after he hath suffered wrong - for such, there is no way (of blame) against them.” (42:41)

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However, it is recommended to pardon and forgive.

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That is better for him.

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His reckoning and reward are with Allah.

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As the remainder of the first verse explicitly states.

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“The guerdon of an ill-deed is an ill the like thereof. But whosoever pardoneth and amendeth, his wage is the affair of Allah. Lo! He loveth not wrong-doers.” (42:40)

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“The guerdon of an ill-deed is an ill the like thereof. But whosoever pardoneth and amendeth, his wage is the affair of Allah. Lo! He loveth not wrong-doers.” (42:40)

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How magnificent and delightful it is for the reward to come from Allah, the Most Generous, the Most Bountiful.

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Prohibition and accountability apply only to those oppressors who commit injustice on earth without right.

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For life cannot remain upright if there is an oppressor whom no one stops from his tyranny and transgression.

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Allah the Almighty says:

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“The way (of blame) is only against those who oppress mankind, and wrongfully rebel in the earth. For such there is a painful doom.” (42:42)

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"For them is a painful punishment."

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In summary, the preceding verses establish moderation and balance between the approaches of pardon and retribution.

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We have three states regarding pardon:

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Virtue, which is pardoning when one has the power to retaliate.

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Justice, which is responding to aggression with its equivalent.

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Injustice, which is responding to aggression with something more severe.

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The verses seek to protect the soul from hatred and rage,

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as well as from weakness and humiliation,

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and from injustice and transgression.

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They aim to attach the soul to the pursuit of Allah’s pleasure in every circumstance.