WEBVTT

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In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

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Treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).

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The splitting of the moon.

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Following this event,

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another incident occurred for the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

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It is a remarkable event mentioned through successive reports (tawatur),

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namely, the splitting of the moon.

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The disbelievers of Quraysh asked the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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for a sign and proof of his truthfulness.

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It was as if he had not yet brought them anything of that nature.

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So they asked him, may the prayers and peace of Allah be upon him,

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to split the moon into two halves.

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He said,

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"Do you see that if Allah splits the moon into two halves for you,

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will you believe?"

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They replied, "Yes."

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“How should we not believe in Allah and that which hath come unto us of the Truth. And (how should we not) hope that our Lord will bring us in along with righteous folk?” (5:84)

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, called upon his Lord, Blessed and Exalted is He,

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and Allah split the moon into two halves for them.

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When they looked at the moon and it was in two halves,

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with Mount Abu Qubays between them,

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they said,

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"He has brought us magic."

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One of them said,

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"If he has bewitched you,

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he cannot bewitch all the people."

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"So wait for the travelers when they arrive."

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When the travelers arrived,

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they asked them,

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"What is the most amazing thing you have seen?"

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They replied,

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"On such and such a night,

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we saw the moon in two parts."

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They said,

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"He has brought great magic;

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he has bewitched all the people."

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This confirms the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, in Surah al-Qamar:

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﴾...and they say, 'A continuous magic.'﴿

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Meaning, a powerful magic.

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Treasures of the Seerah.

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The First Pledge of al-Aqabah.

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We have previously discussed that the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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invited some of the people of Medina,

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and they believed in him and followed him.

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Then, during the pilgrimage season of the twelfth year

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of the Prophet’s mission,

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the Ansar came to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, and pledged their allegiance.

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Those who pledged allegiance to the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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were Mu'adh Ibn al-Harith,

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Dhakwan Ibn 'Abd al-Qays,

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'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit,

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Yazid Ibn Tha'labah,

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al-'Abbas Ibn 'Ubadah,

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Abu al-Haytham Ibn al-Tayyihan,

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and 'Uwaym Ibn Sa'idah.

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All of them were from the Khazraj,

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except for Abu al-Haytham and 'Uwaym.

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The Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, accepted the pledge,

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known as the pledge of the women,

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which Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, mentioned in His saying:

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﴾O Prophet,

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when the believing women come to you

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pledging to you

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that they will not associate anything with Allah...﴿

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“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)

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﴾...and will not kill their children...﴿

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“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)

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﴾...nor bring forth a slander they have invented between their arms and legs...﴿

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﴾...and will not disobey you in what is right...﴿

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“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)

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“O Prophet! If believing women come unto thee, taking oath of allegiance unto thee that they will ascribe no thing as partner unto Allah, and will neither steal nor commit adultery nor kill their children, nor produce any lie that they have devised between their hands and feet, nor disobey thee in what is right, then accept their allegiance and ask Allah to forgive them. Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.” (60:12)

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﴾...Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.﴿

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This is how the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, would take the pledge from men.

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'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, said:

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'Come, pledge to me that you will not associate anything with Allah,

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nor steal, nor commit adultery,

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nor kill your children,

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nor bring forth a slander you have invented between your hands and feet,

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nor disobey me in what is right.

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Whoever among you fulfills this, his reward is with Allah.

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Whoever commits any of these things and is punished in this world,

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it is an expiation for him.

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And whoever commits any of these things and Allah conceals it,

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his affair is with Allah;

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if He wills, He will punish him, and if He wills, He will forgive him.'

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He said: 'So we pledged to him on that basis.'"

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Then the Prophet, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, sent

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Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr, may Allah be pleased with him,

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to teach them Islam and invite others.

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Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr succeeded brilliantly in his mission of calling people to Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He.

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These are two stories of two men who embraced Islam at the hands of Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr,

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and there was great good in their conversion.

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As'ad Ibn Zurarah went out one day with Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr,

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intending to visit the dwellings of Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal and Banu Zafar.

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They entered a garden belonging to Banu Zafar

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and sat by a well called Bi'r Maraq.

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Some of the Muslims gathered around them,

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and Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh and Usayd Ibn Hudayr,

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who were the leaders of their people from Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal,

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were still in a state of polytheism.

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When he heard about this, Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh said to Usayd Ibn Hudayr:

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"Go to these two men who have come to our territory to deceive our weak ones;

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rebuke them and forbid them from coming to our dwellings.

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For As'ad Ibn Zurarah is my cousin,

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and were it not for that, I would have spared you this."

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So Usayd took his spear and headed toward them.

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When As'ad Ibn Zurarah saw him,

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he said to Mus'ab Ibn 'Umayr:

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"This is the leader of his people who has come to you,

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so be truthful to Allah regarding him."

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Mus'ab said, "If he sits, I will speak to him."

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Usayd came and stood over them, reviling them,

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and said, "What has brought you to us to deceive our weak ones?

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Leave us if you have any regard for your own lives."

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Mus'ab said to him, "Will you sit and listen?

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If you are pleased with a matter, you may accept it;

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if you dislike it, we will refrain from what you dislike."

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He said, "You have been fair."

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Then he planted his spear and sat down.

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Mus'ab spoke to him and recited the Qur'an to him,

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and explained to him the religion of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He,

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and how Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He,

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sent Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him,

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to bring people out of darkness into light,

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from the worship of idols

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to the worship of the Lord of all creation, Glorified and Exalted is He.

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The narrator of the story said:

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"By Allah, we recognized Islam in his face before he even spoke,

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by its radiance and brightness."

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Then Usayd said to them:

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"How excellent and beautiful this is!

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What do you do if you want to enter this religion?"

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He told him, "Perform ghusl (ritual bath), purify your garment,

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then testify to the truth,

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and then pray two rak'ahs."

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He stood up, performed ghusl, and purified his garment,

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then testified and prayed two rak'ahs.

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Then he said, "Behind me is a man

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who, if he follows you, none of his people will remain behind."

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Then he took his spear and returned to Sa'd and his people,

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who were sitting together.

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Sa'd said, "I swear by Allah,

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he has come to you with a different expression than the one he had when he left."

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When Usayd stood before his people,

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Sa'd asked him, "What have you done?"

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He said, "I spoke to the two men,

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and by Allah, I saw no harm in them.

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I have forbidden them,

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and they said they would do as I wish.

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I have also heard that Banu Harithah

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went out to As'ad Ibn Zurarah to kill him,

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and Banu Harithah will not kill As'ad Ibn Zurarah."

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But this was how Usayd Ibn Hudayr, may Allah be pleased with him, acted

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to provoke Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh,

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so that he would rise and defend his cousin, As'ad Ibn Zurarah.

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Sa'd stood up, angry at what he had been told,

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took his spear, and went out to them.

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When he saw them looking calm,

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he realized that Usayd only wanted him to hear from them,

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just as he realized that no one was going to kill As'ad or anything of the sort.

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He stood over them, reviling them,

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then said to As'ad Ibn Zurarah:

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"By Allah, O Abu Umamah,

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were it not for the kinship between me and you,

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you would not have dared to do this to me.

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You come into our territory with what we dislike."

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Mus'ab said to Sa'd Ibn Mu'adh:

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"Will you sit and listen?

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If you are pleased with a matter, you may accept it,

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and if you dislike it, we will refrain from what you dislike."

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He said, "You have been fair."

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Then he planted his spear and sat down.

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He presented Islam to him

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and recited the Qur'an to him.

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The narrator of the story said:

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"We recognized Islam in his face before he even spoke."

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Then he said:

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"What do you do if you become Muslim?"

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He told him the same as he had told As'ad,

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and he did as As'ad had done.

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When he returned to his people, he said:

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"O Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal,

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how do you regard my status among you?"

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They said, "You are our leader, the best of us in judgment,

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and the most auspicious of us in leadership."

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He said:

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"Then the speech of your men and your women

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is forbidden to me

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until you believe in Allah and His Messenger."

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By evening, there was not a man or woman among them

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who was not a Muslim.

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Except for one man,

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called al-Usayrim,

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who embraced Islam on the day of Uhud.

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Mus'ab remained in the house of As'ad Ibn Zurarah,

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calling people to Islam,

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until there was no household among the Ansar

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that did not have Muslim men and women in it.

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This was in the thirteenth year

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of the Prophet’s mission,

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when the Muslims from the people of Medina performed the pilgrimage,

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numbering over seventy people,

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among the pilgrims of their people from the polytheists.

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The Muslims used to say:

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"How long shall we leave the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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to be driven out in the mountains of Makkah and live in fear?"

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Ka'b Ibn Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"We set out for the Hajj,

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and we had an appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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at al-'Aqabah during the middle days of Tashriq."

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The night of our appointment with

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the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, arrived,

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and with us was 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram,

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a leader among our leaders and a noble among our nobles.

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We took him along with us,

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and we kept our affair hidden from those of our people who were polytheists.

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We spoke to 'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram

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and said to him:

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"O Abu Jabir,

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you are a leader among our leaders

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and a noble among our nobles.

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We truly desire better for you than what you are currently in,

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lest you become firewood for the Fire tomorrow."

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Then we invited him to Islam,

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and we informed him of the appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him.

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He accepted Islam and witnessed al-'Aqabah with us,

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and he was appointed as one of the leaders (nuqaba').

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Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

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"We slept that night with our people in our camps,

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until a third of the night had passed.

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We slipped out of our camps for our appointment with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him,

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moving stealthily like sandgrouse, hiding our movements,

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until we gathered in the mountain pass at al-'Aqabah.

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We were seventy-three men,

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and two of our women:

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Nusaybah Bint Ka'b,

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who is Umm 'Amarah,

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and Asma' Bint 'Amr,

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from the tribe of Banu Salamah.

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We gathered, waiting for the Messenger, peace be upon him,

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until he came to us, accompanied by his uncle al-'Abbas Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib.

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Al-'Abbas was, at that time, still following the religion of his people,

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yet he was the uncle of the Prophet, peace be upon him,

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and he wanted to know what they intended to do with his nephew.

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When the Prophet, peace be upon him, met with them,

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the first to speak was the Prophet's uncle,

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al-'Abbas Ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib.

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He said, "O people of Khazraj,

00:14:21.100 --> 00:14:25.100
Muhammad is one of us, as you well know.

00:14:25.100 --> 00:14:28.100
We have protected him from our own people

00:14:28.100 --> 00:14:31.100
who share our opinion regarding him.

00:14:31.100 --> 00:14:35.100
He is in a position of honor and protection among his people and in his city.

00:14:35.100 --> 00:14:40.139
However, he has insisted on joining you and coming to you.

00:14:40.139 --> 00:14:43.139
If you believe that you will be true to him

00:14:43.139 --> 00:14:45.139
in what you have invited him to,

00:14:45.139 --> 00:14:48.139
and will protect him from those who oppose him,

00:14:48.139 --> 00:14:51.139
then you are responsible for what you have undertaken.

00:14:51.139 --> 00:14:54.139
But if you think you will betray him

00:14:54.139 --> 00:14:57.139
and abandon him after taking him out to you,

00:14:57.139 --> 00:15:00.139
then leave him now,

00:15:00.139 --> 00:15:04.139
for he is in a position of honor and protection among his people and city."

00:15:04.139 --> 00:15:06.139
Ka'b said:

00:15:06.139 --> 00:15:08.139
"We have heard what you said.

00:15:08.139 --> 00:15:10.139
Speak, O Messenger of Allah,

00:15:10.139 --> 00:15:14.139
and take for yourself and for your Lord whatever you wish."

00:15:14.139 --> 00:15:17.259
The Prophet, peace be upon him, said:

00:15:17.259 --> 00:15:19.259
"You pledge allegiance to me..."

00:15:19.259 --> 00:15:22.259
They asked, "O Messenger of Allah,

00:15:22.259 --> 00:15:25.259
upon what shall we pledge allegiance to you?"

00:15:25.259 --> 00:15:30.259
He said, "To listen and obey, in times of energy and lethargy,

00:15:30.259 --> 00:15:33.259
to spend in times of hardship and ease,

00:15:33.259 --> 00:15:37.259
to enjoin good and forbid evil,

00:15:37.259 --> 00:15:40.259
to stand firm for the sake of Allah,

00:15:40.259 --> 00:15:43.259
and not to fear the blame of any critic for the sake of Allah.

00:15:43.259 --> 00:15:47.259
And that you will support me when I come to you,

00:15:47.259 --> 00:15:54.259
and protect me as you protect yourselves, your wives, and your children.

00:15:54.259 --> 00:15:56.259
And for you is Paradise."

00:15:56.259 --> 00:15:58.460
Ka'b, may Allah be pleased with him, said:

00:15:58.460 --> 00:16:00.460
"He recited the Qur'an,

00:16:00.460 --> 00:16:02.460
called to Allah,

00:16:02.460 --> 00:16:04.460
and encouraged us toward Islam.

00:16:04.460 --> 00:16:08.519
Then al-Bara' Ibn Ma'rur stood up, took his hand,

00:16:08.519 --> 00:16:12.519
and said to the Prophet, peace be upon him:

00:16:12.519 --> 00:16:15.519
'By the One who sent you with the truth as a Prophet,

00:16:15.519 --> 00:16:19.519
we shall protect you just as we protect our own families.

00:16:19.519 --> 00:16:22.519
So accept our pledge, O Messenger of Allah,

00:16:22.519 --> 00:16:26.519
for we are, by Allah, the sons of war and the people of armor,

00:16:26.519 --> 00:16:29.519
which we have inherited from our forefathers.'

00:16:29.519 --> 00:16:33.580
Then Abu al-Haytham Ibn al-Tayyihan stood up and said:

00:16:33.580 --> 00:16:35.580
'O Messenger of Allah,

00:16:35.580 --> 00:16:38.580
there are ties between us and other men,

00:16:38.580 --> 00:16:40.580
and we are going to sever them.

00:16:40.580 --> 00:16:43.580
If we do that,

00:16:43.580 --> 00:16:45.580
and then Allah grants you victory,

00:16:45.580 --> 00:16:48.580
will you return to your people and leave us?'

00:16:48.580 --> 00:16:53.580
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, smiled

00:16:53.580 --> 00:16:54.580
and said:

00:16:54.580 --> 00:16:55.580
'Rather, blood is blood,

00:16:55.580 --> 00:16:57.580
and destruction is destruction.

00:16:57.580 --> 00:17:00.580
I am of you and you are of me;

00:17:00.580 --> 00:17:02.580
I will fight those you fight,

00:17:02.580 --> 00:17:05.579
and I will be at peace with those you are at peace with.'"

00:17:05.579 --> 00:17:07.579
In one narration,

00:17:07.579 --> 00:17:09.579
Jabir said:

00:17:09.579 --> 00:17:13.579
"We stood to pledge allegiance to the Messenger, peace be upon him.

00:17:13.579 --> 00:17:17.579
As'ad Ibn Zurarah took his hand and said:

00:17:17.579 --> 00:17:19.579
'Slowly, O people of Yathrib!

00:17:19.579 --> 00:17:23.579
We did not travel here on the backs of camels

00:17:23.579 --> 00:17:26.579
except because we know he is the Messenger of Allah,

00:17:26.579 --> 00:17:28.579
and that taking him out today

00:17:28.579 --> 00:17:31.579
means breaking ties with all the Arabs,

00:17:31.579 --> 00:17:33.579
and it will lead to the killing of your best men,

00:17:33.579 --> 00:17:35.579
and the swords will bite into you.

00:17:35.579 --> 00:17:38.650
If you can be patient with that,

00:17:38.650 --> 00:17:41.650
then take him, and your reward is with Allah.

00:17:41.650 --> 00:17:45.650
But if you fear for yourselves,

00:17:45.650 --> 00:17:46.650
then leave him,

00:17:46.650 --> 00:17:49.650
for that is more excusable for you before Allah.'"

00:17:49.650 --> 00:17:52.650
As'ad, may Allah be pleased with him, wanted

00:17:52.650 --> 00:17:55.650
to stir up their love for the Prophet, peace be upon him.

00:17:55.650 --> 00:18:00.650
They replied, "O As'ad, remove your hand from us,

00:18:00.650 --> 00:18:03.650
for by Allah, we will not abandon this pledge,

00:18:03.650 --> 00:18:05.650
nor will we ask to be released from it."

00:18:05.650 --> 00:18:08.650
The Prophet, peace be upon him, accepted their pledge

00:18:08.650 --> 00:18:11.650
and shook their hands, except for the two women,

00:18:11.650 --> 00:18:14.650
for he never shook hands with a woman.

00:18:14.650 --> 00:18:18.900
Then he appointed twelve leaders (nuqaba') over them:

00:18:18.900 --> 00:18:20.900
nine from the Khazraj,

00:18:20.900 --> 00:18:22.900
and three from the Aws.

00:18:22.900 --> 00:18:25.900
As for the leaders of the Khazraj:

00:18:25.900 --> 00:18:27.900
As'ad Ibn Zurarah,

00:18:27.900 --> 00:18:29.900
Sa'd Ibn al-Rabi',

00:18:29.900 --> 00:18:31.900
'Abdullah Ibn Rawahah,

00:18:31.900 --> 00:18:33.900
Rafi' Ibn Malik,

00:18:33.900 --> 00:18:35.900
al-Bara' Ibn Ma'rur,

00:18:35.900 --> 00:18:38.900
'Abdullah Ibn 'Amr Ibn Haram,

00:18:38.900 --> 00:18:40.900
'Ubadah Ibn al-Samit,

00:18:40.900 --> 00:18:42.900
Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah,

00:18:42.900 --> 00:18:44.900
and al-Mundhir Ibn 'Amr.

00:18:44.900 --> 00:18:46.900
As for the leaders of the Aws:

00:18:46.900 --> 00:18:48.900
Usayd Ibn Hudayr,

00:18:48.900 --> 00:18:50.900
Sa'd Ibn Khuzaymah,

00:18:51.900 --> 00:18:53.900
Sa'd Ibn Khaythamah,

00:18:53.900 --> 00:18:56.940
and Rifa'ah Ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir.

00:18:56.940 --> 00:18:58.940
After this pledge was completed

00:18:58.940 --> 00:19:01.940
between the Prophet, peace be upon him,

00:19:01.940 --> 00:19:04.940
and the Muslims who pledged to him,

00:19:04.940 --> 00:19:07.940
the devil shouted and said:

00:19:07.940 --> 00:19:09.940
"O people of the mountain passes,

00:19:09.940 --> 00:19:12.940
will you allow Muhammad and his apostates

00:19:12.940 --> 00:19:15.940
to gather to fight you?"

00:19:15.940 --> 00:19:19.940
The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:

00:19:19.940 --> 00:19:21.940
"This is the devil of al-'Aqabah.

00:19:21.940 --> 00:19:24.940
By Allah, O enemy of Allah,

00:19:24.940 --> 00:19:26.940
I will surely deal with you."

00:19:26.940 --> 00:19:29.940
Then he ordered them to return to their camps.

00:19:29.940 --> 00:19:32.970
When the Quraysh heard this voice,

00:19:32.970 --> 00:19:34.970
they came to the people of Yathrib

00:19:34.970 --> 00:19:36.970
and said to them:

00:19:36.970 --> 00:19:38.970
"O people of Khazraj,

00:19:38.970 --> 00:19:40.970
it has reached us that you

00:19:40.970 --> 00:19:43.970
have come to this companion of ours,

00:19:43.970 --> 00:19:46.970
to take him out from among us,

00:19:46.970 --> 00:19:49.970
and to pledge to fight us.

00:19:49.970 --> 00:19:52.970
By Allah, there is no tribe among the Arabs

00:19:52.970 --> 00:19:54.970
more hateful to us than that we should start

00:19:54.970 --> 00:19:56.970
a war with you."

00:19:56.970 --> 00:19:59.970
The polytheists of Yathrib said:

00:19:59.970 --> 00:20:02.970
"By Allah, nothing of this happened,

00:20:02.970 --> 00:20:05.970
nor did anything of this take place."

00:20:05.970 --> 00:20:07.970
They began swearing by Allah

00:20:07.970 --> 00:20:09.970
that nothing of this had occurred.

00:20:09.970 --> 00:20:11.970
Then the people came to 'Abdullah

00:20:11.970 --> 00:20:13.970
Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul,

00:20:13.970 --> 00:20:15.970
who was one of the elders of the Khazraj,

00:20:15.970 --> 00:20:17.970
and he began saying:

00:20:17.970 --> 00:20:18.970
"This is false,

00:20:18.970 --> 00:20:20.970
this did not happen,

00:20:20.970 --> 00:20:22.970
and my people would not

00:20:22.970 --> 00:20:23.970
do such a thing

00:20:23.970 --> 00:20:25.970
without informing me."

00:20:25.970 --> 00:20:27.970
The Quraysh continued

00:20:27.970 --> 00:20:29.970
to investigate and search for the news

00:20:29.970 --> 00:20:31.970
until it was confirmed to them

00:20:31.970 --> 00:20:33.970
that the news was true

00:20:33.970 --> 00:20:35.970
and the pledge had been completed.

00:20:35.970 --> 00:20:37.970
When the pilgrims departed,

00:20:37.970 --> 00:20:39.970
their horsemen rushed

00:20:39.970 --> 00:20:41.970
to the people of Yathrib,

00:20:41.970 --> 00:20:43.970
but it was too late.

00:20:43.970 --> 00:20:45.970
However, they managed to see

00:20:45.970 --> 00:20:47.970
Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah

00:20:47.970 --> 00:20:49.970
and al-Mundhir Ibn 'Amr,

00:20:49.970 --> 00:20:51.970
so they chased them.

00:20:51.970 --> 00:20:53.970
One of them escaped,

00:20:53.970 --> 00:20:55.970
and al-Mundhir eluded them,

00:20:55.970 --> 00:20:57.970
but they captured Sa'd Ibn 'Ubadah.

00:20:57.970 --> 00:20:59.970
They tied his hands to his neck,

00:20:59.970 --> 00:21:01.970
and began beating him

00:21:01.970 --> 00:21:03.970
and pulling his hair,

00:21:03.970 --> 00:21:05.970
until they brought him into Makkah.

00:21:05.970 --> 00:21:07.970
Then al-Mut'im ibn 'Adi came,

00:21:07.970 --> 00:21:09.970
along with al-Harith ibn Harb,

00:21:09.970 --> 00:21:11.970
and they rescued him from their hands.

00:21:11.970 --> 00:21:13.970
This is because Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah,

00:21:13.970 --> 00:21:15.970
one of the leaders of the people of Madinah,

00:21:15.970 --> 00:21:17.970
[is among] the treasures of the Prophetic biography (Seerah).