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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.

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Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shamr.

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Surah Maryam.

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In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

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Kaf-Ha-Ya-'Ayn-Sad.

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A mention of the mercy of your Lord upon His servant Zakariyya.

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“When he cried unto his Lord a cry in secret,” (19:3)

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He said, "My Lord, my bones have become brittle."

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"And my head has flared with white hair."

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“Saying: My Lord! Lo! the bones of me wax feeble and my head is shining with grey hair, and I have never been unblest in prayer to Thee, my Lord.” (19:4)

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Kaf-Ha-Ya-'Ayn-Sad.

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This is a mention of the mercy of your Lord upon His servant Zakariyya.

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When he called upon his Lord and asked Him with a private supplication.

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He said, "My Lord, my bones have weakened."

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"And gray hair has spread across my head."

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"And I have never been disappointed, my Lord, in my supplication to You."

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"For You have never failed to answer my prayers before."

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"As I used to call upon You in my time of need."

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"Rather, You would answer and fulfill my needs before I even asked."

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“Lo! I fear my kinsfolk after me, since my wife is barren. Oh, give me from Thy presence a successor” (19:5)

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"And my wife was barren."

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“Lo! I fear my kinsfolk after me, since my wife is barren. Oh, give me from Thy presence a successor” (19:5)

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"To inherit from me and inherit from the family of Ya'qub."

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"And make him, my Lord, pleasing to You."

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"I fear my cousins and my kinsmen."

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"After I am gone, that they might inherit [the leadership]."

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"And my wife was unable to bear children."

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"So grant me from Yourself a son who will be an heir and a helper."

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"To inherit my wealth after my death."

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"And to inherit the prophethood from the family of Ya'qub."

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"And make, my Lord, the heir whom You grant me pleasing."

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"Pleasing to You."

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"And pleasing to Your servants in his religion and character."

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"O Zakariyya, We give you glad tidings of a boy whose name is Yahya."

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“(It was said unto him): O Zachariah! Lo! We bring thee tidings of a son whose name is John; we have given the same name to none before (him).” (19:7)

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So his Lord answered him.

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And said to him:

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"O Zakariyya, We give you glad tidings of our gift to you: a boy named Yahya."

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"We have not given anyone before him that name."

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“He said: My Lord! How can I have a son when my wife is barren and I have reached infirm old age?” (19:8)

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Zakariyya said, when Allah gave him the glad tidings of Yahya:

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"My Lord, how can I have a boy, and in what way will that come to be?"

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"My wife is barren and cannot conceive."

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"And I have grown too old and weak to have relations with women."

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"I have reached such an advanced age that my bones have become brittle and dry."

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Zakariyya was seeking confirmation from his Lord regarding the news.

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About the manner in which he would be granted a son.

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Not out of denial, peace be upon him, of the reality of what Allah had promised him.

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He said, "Thus it shall be."

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“He said: So (it will be). Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me, even as I created thee before, when thou wast naught.” (19:9)

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Allah said to Zakariyya, answering him:

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"The matter is just as you say."

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"That your wife is barren."

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"And that you have reached an extreme old age."

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"But your Lord says:"

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"The creation of the boy I have promised you,"

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"Whose name I have told you is Yahya,"

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"Is easy for Me."

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"And the creation of the boy I have promised to grant you,"

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"Is no more wondrous than your own creation."

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"For I created you and brought you into existence as a sound human being,"

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"Before I created the son I promised to grant you."

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"When you were nothing at all."

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He said, "My Lord, grant me a sign."

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“He said: My Lord! Appoint for me some token. He said: Thy token is that thou, with no bodily defect, shalt not speak unto mankind three nights.” (19:10)

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Zakariyya said:

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"My Lord, grant me a sign and a proof of what Your angels have promised me."

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"So that my heart may be at peace."

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Allah said:

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"Your sign for that is:"

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"That you shall not speak to the people for three nights, while you are sound and healthy."

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"With no dumbness or illness preventing you from speaking."

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“Then he came forth unto his people from the sanctuary, and signified to them: Glorify your Lord at break of day and fall of night.” (19:11)

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“Then he came forth unto his people from the sanctuary, and signified to them: Glorify your Lord at break of day and fall of night.” (19:11)

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“Then he came forth unto his people from the sanctuary, and signified to them: Glorify your Lord at break of day and fall of night.” (19:11)

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So Zakariyya came out to his people from his prayer chamber when his tongue was restrained from speaking to people.

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As a sign from Allah to him of the truth of His promise.

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And he signaled to them.

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This signal may have been by hand or by writing.

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Or by other means through which his intent could be understood.

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Or he signaled to them to glorify Allah morning and evening.

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It is possible that he commanded them to perform the glorification (tasbih), which is the remembrance of Allah.

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And it is possible that he meant by it the prayer (salah).

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Then Yahya was born to Zakariyya.

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And when he was born, Allah said to him:

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"O Yahya, take the Torah with determination."

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And We gave him understanding of the Book of Allah in his childhood.

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Before he reached the age of manhood.

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“And compassion from Our presence, and purity; and he was devout,” (19:13)

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And as a mercy from Us to him and out of love for him.

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We gave Yahya wisdom while he was still a child.

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And We gave him purity from sins.

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He was fearful of Allah, fulfilling His obligations, and avoiding His prohibitions.

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Hastening to obey Him.

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“And dutiful toward his parents. And he was not arrogant, rebellious.” (19:14)

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“Peace on him the day he was born, and the day he dieth and the day he shall be raised alive!” (19:15)

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And he was dutiful to his parents.

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He was not arrogant toward the obedience of his Lord or his parents.

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Rather, he was humble and submissive to Allah and his parents.

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And there was security from Allah for him on the day he was born.

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From being touched by the evil of Satan as other children of Adam are.

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And security from Allah for him from the trials of the grave and the terror of the Resurrection.

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And security for him from the punishment of Allah on the Day of Judgment.

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“And make mention of Mary in the Scripture, when she had withdrawn from her people to a chamber looking East,” (19:16)

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“And had chosen seclusion from them. Then We sent unto her Our Spirit and it assumed for her the likeness of a perfect man.” (19:17)

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“And had chosen seclusion from them. Then We sent unto her Our Spirit and it assumed for her the likeness of a perfect man.” (19:17)

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And mention, O Muhammad, in the Book of Allah which He revealed to you, Maryam, daughter of 'Imran.

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When she withdrew from her family.

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And secluded herself in a place to the east of them.

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And she took a veil to screen herself from them and from the people.

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So We sent Our angel Jibril to her.

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And he appeared to her in the form of a perfectly formed human being.

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“She said: Lo! I seek refuge in the Beneficent One from thee, if thou art Allah-fearing.” (19:18)

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“He said: I am only a messenger of thy Lord, that I may bestow on thee a faultless son.” (19:19)

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Maryam feared our messenger and thought he was a man who intended to violate her.

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She said, "I seek refuge in the Most Gracious from you, that you might do to me what He has forbidden."

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"If you are one who fears Him and avoids His prohibitions."

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Our spirit said to her, "I am only a messenger from your Lord, O Maryam."

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"Sent to you so that Allah may grant you a pure boy, free from sins."

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“She said: How can I have a son when no mortal hath touched me, neither have I been unchaste?” (19:20)

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He said, "Thus it shall be; your Lord says it is easy for Me."

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“He said: So (it will be). Thy Lord saith: It is easy for Me. And (it will be) that We may make of him a revelation for mankind and a mercy from Us, and it is a thing ordained.” (19:21)

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And it was a matter already decreed.

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Maryam said to Jibril, "How can I have a boy?"

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"When no man has touched me in a lawful marriage."

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"And I have not been unchaste to have done so in an unlawful way."

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Jibril said to her, "The matter is as you describe."

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"That no man has touched you and you have not been unchaste."

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"But your Lord said:"

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"The creation of the boy is easy for Me; it is not difficult for Me to create him."

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"And so that We may make the boy whom We grant you a sign and a proof of My creation."

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"And a mercy from Us to you."

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"And his creation from you was a matter that Allah had already decreed."

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"And it had already passed in His judgment and prior knowledge that it would come to pass."