WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.399 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:03.399 --> 00:00:08.560 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari. 00:00:08.560 --> 00:00:12.960 Abridged by Dr. 'Aqil ibn Salim al-Shammari. 00:00:12.960 --> 00:00:18.820 Surah al-Dukhan. 00:00:18.820 --> 00:00:23.539 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. 00:00:23.539 --> 00:00:28.140 “And verily We tried before them Pharaoh's folk, when there came unto them a noble messenger,” (44:17) 00:00:28.140 --> 00:00:32.939 "And there came to them a noble messenger." 00:00:33.140 --> 00:00:37.340 “Saying: Give up to me the slaves of Allah. Lo! I am a faithful messenger unto you.” (44:18) 00:00:37.340 --> 00:00:43.780 "Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger." 00:00:43.780 --> 00:00:47.579 We have tested before you, O Muhammad, the people of your tribe who associate partners with Allah. 00:00:47.579 --> 00:00:49.979 Specifically, the people of Pharaoh from among the Copts. 00:00:49.979 --> 00:00:53.380 A noble messenger came to them from Allah. 00:00:53.380 --> 00:00:57.179 He is Musa ibn 'Imran, may the blessings of Allah be upon him. 00:00:57.179 --> 00:01:01.380 [He said to them:] "Surrender to me the servants of Allah [the Children of Israel], send them with me, and follow me." 00:01:01.380 --> 00:01:04.579 "Indeed, I am to you, O people, a trustworthy messenger." 00:01:04.579 --> 00:01:07.750 [Trustworthy] regarding His revelation and His message. 00:01:07.750 --> 00:01:12.549 "And do not exalt yourselves above Allah." 00:01:12.549 --> 00:01:21.079 “And saying: Be not proud against Allah. Lo! I bring you a clear warrant.” (44:19) 00:01:21.079 --> 00:01:24.079 "And do not act arrogantly toward your Lord." 00:01:24.079 --> 00:01:29.079 "I bring you clear proof of the truth of that to which I invite you." 00:01:29.079 --> 00:01:31.879 [It is] clear to anyone who contemplates and reflects upon it. 00:01:31.879 --> 00:01:36.760 It is a proof for me regarding the truthfulness of what I say to you. 00:01:36.760 --> 00:01:45.560 “And lo! I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord lest ye stone me to death.” (44:20) 00:01:45.560 --> 00:01:50.739 “And if ye put no faith in me, then let me go.” (44:21) 00:01:50.739 --> 00:01:53.140 "And indeed, I have sought refuge in my Lord and your Lord." 00:01:53.140 --> 00:01:55.939 [Lest you] stone me with verbal abuse. 00:01:55.939 --> 00:01:58.939 Or stone me with physical stones. 00:01:58.939 --> 00:02:01.739 "And if you, O people, do not believe me." 00:02:01.739 --> 00:02:05.140 Regarding what I have brought you from my Lord. 00:02:05.140 --> 00:02:08.340 "Then leave me alone," without being stoned by the tongue. 00:02:08.340 --> 00:02:10.780 Nor by the hand. 00:02:10.780 --> 00:02:21.210 So he called upon his Lord, saying that these are a criminal people. 00:02:21.210 --> 00:02:23.009 Musa called upon his Lord. 00:02:23.009 --> 00:02:25.810 When they denied him and intended to kill him. 00:02:25.810 --> 00:02:27.610 [He prayed] against Pharaoh and his people. 00:02:28.409 --> 00:02:36.150 “Then (his Lord commanded): Take away My slaves by night. Lo! ye will be followed,” (44:23) 00:02:36.150 --> 00:02:39.150 "And leave the sea in stillness." 00:02:39.150 --> 00:02:45.150 "Indeed, they are an army to be drowned." 00:02:45.150 --> 00:02:47.150 His Lord answered him. 00:02:47.150 --> 00:02:52.860 "So set out with My servants who have believed you by night, before the morning." 00:02:52.860 --> 00:02:56.460 "Indeed, Pharaoh and his people will pursue you." 00:02:56.460 --> 00:03:07.099 His people will pursue you; and when you and your companions have crossed the sea, leave it still, in the state it was in when you entered it. 00:03:07.099 --> 00:03:17.979 It is said that Allah spoke these words to Musa after he had crossed the sea with the Children of Israel, and there is an ellipsis in the text. 00:03:17.979 --> 00:03:30.620 Musa traveled by night with My servants and crossed the sea with them; then, after he had crossed and intended to return the sea to the state it was in before it parted, We said to him: 00:03:30.620 --> 00:03:37.500 "Leave it in stillness, for Pharaoh and his people are an army that Allah will drown in the sea." 00:03:38.610 --> 00:04:02.930 "How many gardens and springs did they leave behind, and crops and noble positions, and comfort wherein they were amused! Thus, and We bequeathed them to another people." 00:04:04.020 --> 00:04:15.860 How many gardens, trees, springs, and crops standing in their fields did Pharaoh and his people leave behind after their destruction and Allah’s drowning of them? 00:04:15.860 --> 00:04:25.379 And [they left behind] a noble place they used to occupy, and they were removed from the comfort in which they were enjoying themselves and living in luxury. 00:04:25.459 --> 00:04:40.740 Just as I have described to you, O people, We did to those whose story I have mentioned to you, and We bequeathed their gardens, springs, and positions to another people, meaning the Children of Israel. 00:04:40.740 --> 00:04:52.019 “And the heaven and the earth wept not for them, nor were they reprieved.” (44:29) 00:04:52.180 --> 00:05:05.699 Neither the heaven nor the earth wept for them, nor were they granted respite from the punishment that befell them; rather, they were hastened to it when they angered their Lord, the Almighty and Majestic. 00:05:05.699 --> 00:05:23.060 "And We certainly saved the Children of Israel from the humiliating punishment, from Pharaoh. Indeed, he was a tyrant among the transgressors." 00:05:24.160 --> 00:05:36.879 We certainly saved the Children of Israel from the degrading punishment with which Pharaoh and his people used to torment them. 00:05:36.879 --> 00:05:45.600 Indeed, he was arrogant and haughty toward his Lord, among those who transgressed beyond what they were permitted to transgress. 00:05:45.600 --> 00:06:00.160 "And We certainly chose them by knowledge over the worlds, and We gave them of signs that in which there was a clear trial." 00:06:00.160 --> 00:06:08.379 We chose the Children of Israel, with knowledge of them, over the people of their time. 00:06:08.620 --> 00:06:18.990 And We gave them lessons and admonitions that contained a test, which makes it clear to anyone who contemplates it that it was a trial by which Allah tested them. 00:06:18.990 --> 00:06:33.139 "Indeed, these [disbelievers] say, 'There is only our first death, and we will not be resurrected.'" 00:06:33.139 --> 00:06:40.899 “Bring back our fathers, if ye speak the truth!” (44:36) 00:06:42.399 --> 00:06:53.279 These polytheists from your people, O Muhammad, say: "There is only our first death, which we die, and we will not be resurrected." 00:06:53.279 --> 00:07:01.600 "Then bring back our forefathers, if you should be truthful," that Allah will resurrect us after our death. 00:07:02.639 --> 00:07:16.800 “Are they better, or the folk of Tubb'a and those before them? We destroyed them, for surely they were guilty.” (44:37) 00:07:16.800 --> 00:07:29.060 Are these polytheists, O Muhammad, from your people better, or the people of Tubba' the Himyarite and those before them from the nations who disbelieved in their Lord? 00:07:29.550 --> 00:07:41.550 These are not better than those; so we overlook them, even though they disbelieve in Allah. We only destroyed those [others] for their crimes and their disbelief in their Lord. 00:07:41.550 --> 00:07:50.660 “And We created not the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in play.” (44:38) 00:07:50.660 --> 00:08:00.100 “We created them not save with truth; but most of them know not.” (44:39) 00:08:01.250 --> 00:08:06.689 “Have they not pondered upon themselves? Allah created not the heavens and the earth, and that which is between them, save with truth and for a destined end. But truly many of mankind are disbelievers in the meeting with their Lord.” (30:8) 00:08:06.689 --> 00:08:13.490 We did not create the heavens and the earth except with the truth, without which no management of affairs is sound. 00:08:13.490 --> 00:08:23.250 We did not create the creation in vain, by bringing them into existence, then giving them life, then causing them to die, without the trial of obedience, command, and prohibition. 00:08:23.329 --> 00:08:30.689 But most of these polytheists who associate partners with Allah do not know that Allah created that for them. 00:08:30.689 --> 00:08:37.009 They do not fear punishment nor hope for reward because they deny the Resurrection. 00:08:54.399 --> 00:09:03.940 Indeed, the Day of Judgment, when Allah will judge between His creation regarding the good or evil they have sent forth, is the appointed time for them all to gather. 00:09:03.940 --> 00:09:14.110 A day when no relative will avail a relative, nor will a companion avail his companion, in anything regarding the punishment of Allah that has befallen them. 00:09:14.110 --> 00:09:20.509 Nor will they help one another against the punishment of Allah. 00:09:20.509 --> 00:09:28.590 For he cannot avail him by interceding for him before his Lord; indeed, Allah is the Almighty in His retribution against His enemies. 00:09:28.590 --> 00:09:32.429 [And He is] the Merciful to His allies and those who obey Him. 00:09:51.470 --> 00:10:10.019 Indeed, the tree of Zaqqum is the food of the disbeliever in Hell, like molten copper, or silver, or whatever is melted in the fire, such that its heat has reached its peak. 00:10:10.019 --> 00:10:22.129 It boils in the bellies of these wretched ones like the boiling of heated water that has been fueled until its intensity of heat has reached its peak. 00:10:22.210 --> 00:10:29.730 “(And it will be said): Take him and drag him to the midst of hell,” (44:47) 00:10:29.730 --> 00:10:38.379 "Then pour over his head from the torment of scalding water." 00:10:38.379 --> 00:10:44.059 "Seize this sinner, and push him and drive him to the middle of the Hellfire." 00:10:44.059 --> 00:10:50.799 Then pour over the head of this sinner from the torment of the heated water. 00:10:50.879 --> 00:11:05.360 "Taste! Indeed, you are the 'mighty,' the 'noble'! Indeed, this is what you used to dispute." 00:11:05.360 --> 00:11:12.299 It is said to this sinner: Taste this torment with which you are being punished today. 00:11:12.299 --> 00:11:16.940 [You who thought] you were the mighty among your people, the noble one to them. 00:11:16.940 --> 00:11:22.460 Indeed, this torment is the very torment you used to doubt while in the world. 00:11:22.460 --> 00:11:31.440 “Lo! those who kept their duty will be in a place secured.” (44:51) 00:11:31.440 --> 00:11:36.960 "In gardens and springs." 00:11:36.960 --> 00:11:45.759 “Attired in silk and silk embroidery, facing one another.” (44:53) 00:11:46.799 --> 00:11:52.000 Indeed, those who feared Allah by performing His obedience and avoiding His disobedience. 00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:58.080 [Will be] in a place of residence, secure from what was feared in the stations of the world. 00:11:58.080 --> 00:12:02.000 From ailments, illnesses, fatigue, and sorrows. 00:12:02.000 --> 00:12:04.720 In gardens and water springs. 00:12:04.720 --> 00:12:10.240 These righteous ones will wear what is fine of silk and what is thick of it. 00:12:10.240 --> 00:12:15.580 Facing one another in Paradise, looking at one another face-to-face. 00:12:15.580 --> 00:12:22.379 Thus, and We will marry them to fair women with large, [beautiful] eyes. 00:12:23.120 --> 00:12:27.120 Just as We have given these righteous ones honor. 00:12:27.120 --> 00:12:31.200 Likewise, We have also married them to fair women. 00:12:31.200 --> 00:12:33.919 And they are the pure, the white ones. 00:12:33.919 --> 00:12:40.799 “They call therein for every fruit in safety.” (44:55) 00:12:40.799 --> 00:12:46.639 “They taste not death therein, save the first death. And He hath saved them from the doom of hell,” (44:56) 00:12:46.799 --> 00:12:51.200 "And He protected them from the punishment of the Hellfire." 00:12:51.200 --> 00:12:54.639 [As a] bounty from your Lord. 00:12:54.639 --> 00:13:00.379 That is the great success. 00:13:00.379 --> 00:13:07.100 These righteous ones in Paradise will call for every type of fruit of Paradise they desire. 00:13:07.100 --> 00:13:10.220 Secure from that being cut off from them. 00:13:10.220 --> 00:13:13.100 And from the harm of its injury or anything disliked. 00:13:13.100 --> 00:13:16.539 And from death, fatigue, and the devil. 00:13:16.620 --> 00:13:24.299 These righteous ones will not taste death in Paradise after the first death they tasted in the world. 00:13:24.299 --> 00:13:29.259 And their Lord protected these righteous ones on that Day from the punishment of the Fire. 00:13:29.259 --> 00:13:32.940 [As a] grace, O Muhammad, from your Lord upon them. 00:13:32.940 --> 00:13:36.460 This which We have given these righteous ones. 00:13:36.460 --> 00:13:39.710 Is the great triumph. 00:13:39.710 --> 00:13:43.789 "And indeed, We have eased it by your tongue." 00:13:43.789 --> 00:13:48.669 "That they might be reminded." 00:13:48.669 --> 00:13:59.120 "So watch; indeed, they are watching." 00:13:59.120 --> 00:14:03.200 We have only made the reading of this Qur'an easy by your tongue. 00:14:03.200 --> 00:14:06.799 So that these polytheists might be reminded by its proofs. 00:14:06.799 --> 00:14:09.759 And turn in repentance to the obedience of their Lord. 00:14:09.759 --> 00:14:13.039 So wait, O Muhammad, for the opening [of victory] from your Lord. 00:14:13.039 --> 00:14:16.799 And the triumph over these polytheists from your people. 00:14:16.799 --> 00:14:23.440 Indeed, they themselves are waiting for your defeat and subjugation. 00:14:23.440 --> 00:14:26.639 A summary of the Tafsir of al-Tabari.